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Problem The mi R-196a2 T> C and mi R-499 A> G polymorphisms have been reported to be genetic risk factors for recurrent spontaneous abortion; however, that previous study focused on the genetic analyses of pregnant women rather than aborted fetuses. Because annexin A1 is a target of mi R-196a2 and is related to anti-inflammation, mi R-196a2 may be immunologically important. Moreover, mi R-146a, mi R-149, mi R-196a2, and mi R-499 have shown associations with immune responses. Method of study One hundred and eighty-two spontaneously aborted fetuses ( SAFs) were <20 weeks of gestational age. The control subjects were 101 healthy children and 302 adults collected from a convenience sample. Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was performed to identify the mi R-146a C> G, mi R-149 T> C, mi R-196a2 T> C, and mi R-499 A> G genotypes. Results Chromosomally normal SAFs had significantly different frequencies of the mi R-196a2 CC, mi R-146a CC/ mi R-196a2 CC, and mi R-149 TT/ mi R-196a2 CC genotypes compared with control subjects. Conclusions mi R-196a2 CC, mi R-146a CC/ mi R-196a2 CC, and mi R-149 TT/ mi R-196a2 CC in fetuses are possible risk factors for spontaneous abortion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citation Jeon YJ, Kim JH, Rah HC, Kim SY, Yoon TK, Choi DH, Cha SH, Shim SH, Kim NK. Vascular endothelial growth factor gene polymorphisms in spontaneously aborted fetuses. Am J Reprod Immunol 2011; 66: 544-553 Problems The VEGF−1154G>A polymorphism has been reported to be a genetic risk factor for recurrent spontaneous abortion in various studies; however, these studies have focused on genetic analyses of pregnant women rather than aborted fetuses. To evaluate and confirm the association between the VEGF−1154G>A polymorphism and spontaneous abortion, we focused on the relationship between four polymorphisms in the VEGF gene (−2578C>A, −1154G>A, −634G>C, and 936C>T) and spontaneously aborted fetuses (SAFs). Method of study The subjects included 118 SAFs at <20 weeks gestation and 380 normal controls consisting of children and adults. The polymorphisms were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Results Spontaneously aborted fetuses exhibited significantly different frequencies of the −2578CA+AA/−634CC and −1154GA+AA/−634CC combined genotypes compared with control subjects. The frequency of the −2578A/−1154A/−634C/936C haplotype was significantly higher in SAFs. Conclusions VEGF genes −2578CA+AA/−634CC and −1154GA+AA/−634CC in the fetus are possible risk factors for spontaneous abortion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem: The miR-196a2T>C and miR-499A>G polymorphisms have been reported to be genetic risk factors for recurrent spontaneous abortion; however, that previous study focused on the genetic analyses of pregnant women rather than aborted fetuses. Because annexin A1 is a target of miR-196a2 and is related to anti-inflammation, miR-196a2 may be immunologically important. Moreover, miR-146a, miR-149, miR-196a2, and miR-499 have shown associations with immune responses., Method of Study: One hundred and eighty-two spontaneously aborted fetuses (SAFs) were <20 weeks of gestational age. The control subjects were 101 healthy children and 302 adults collected from a convenience sample. Polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis was performed to identify the miR-146aC>G, miR-149T>C, miR-196a2T>C, and miR-499A>G genotypes., Results: Chromosomally normal SAFs had significantly different frequencies of the miR-196a2CC, miR-146aCC/miR-196a2CC, and miR-149TT/miR-196a2CC genotypes compared with control subjects., Conclusions: miR-196a2CC, miR-146aCC/miR-196a2CC, and miR-149TT/miR-196a2CC in fetuses are possible risk factors for spontaneous abortion., (© 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.)