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The liver requires careful handling intra‐operatively owing to its vital functions and complexity. Traditional open hepatectomy, while standard, is invasive and requires long recovery periods. Laparoscopic hepatectomy is a less invasive option, with its own challenges. The rise of robotic surgery, such as the da Vinci® system, improves precision and control, addressing the limitations of conventional methods, but brings new concerns, such as costs and training. This review focuses on the latest advancements in robotic hepatectomy from 2022/23 articles, delving into topics like "robotic surgery in liver transplantation," "robotic hepatectomy for hilar cholangiocarcinoma," "robotic vascular reconstruction following hepatectomy," "robotic repeat hepatectomy," and "prospective trials in robotic hepatectomy." To retrieve articles, a focused literature search was conducted using PubMed for articles from 2022/23 with a 5‐year filter, excluding reviews. Initially, abstracts were screened, and relevant articles on robotic surgery were examined in full for inclusion in this review. Although all the above items are cutting‐edge, and many of the references are necessarily at the level of case reports, recent articles are still accompanied by surgical videos, which are useful to readers, especially surgeons who are considering imitating the procedures. In summary, we examined the recent advancements in robotic liver resection. The inclusion of videos that present new techniques aids in knowledge transfer. We anticipate the continued growth of this field of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolescence is a timed process with an onset, tempo, and duration. Nevertheless, the temporal dimension, especially the pace of maturation, remains an insufficiently studied aspect of developmental progression. The primary objective is to estimate the precise influence of pubertal maturational tempo on the configuration of associative brain regions. To this end, the connection between maturational stages and the level of hierarchical organization of large‐scale brain networks in 12‐13‐year‐old females is analyzed. Skeletal maturity is used as a proxy for pubertal progress. The degree of maturity is defined by the difference between bone age and chronological age. To assess the level of hierarchical organization in the brain, the temporal dynamic of closed eye resting state high‐density electroencephalography (EEG) in the alpha frequency range is analyzed. Different levels of hierarchical order are captured by the measured asymmetry in the directionality of information flow between different regions. The calculated EEG‐based entropy production of participant groups is then compared with accelerated, average, and decelerated maturity. Results indicate that an average maturational trajectory optimally aligns with cerebral hierarchical order, and both accelerated and decelerated timelines result in diminished cortical organization. This suggests that a "Goldilocks rule" of brain development is favoring a particular maturational tempo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transparent photovoltaics (TPVs) can be integrated into the surfaces of buildings and vehicles to provide point‐of‐use power without impacting aesthetics. Unlike TPVs that target the photon‐rich near‐infrared portion of the solar spectrum, TPVs that harvest ultraviolet (UV) photons can have significantly higher transparency and color neutrality, offering a superior solution for low‐power electronics with stringent aesthetic tolerance. In addition to being highly transparent and colorless, an ideal UV‐absorbing TPV should also be operationally stable and scalable over large areas while still outputting sufficient power for its specified application. None of today's TPVs meet all these criteria simultaneously. Here, the first UV‐absorbing TPV is demonstrated that satisfies all four criteria by using CsPbCl2.5Br0.5 as the absorber. By precisely tuning the halide ratio during thermal co‐evaporation, high‐quality large‐area perovskite films can be accessed with an ideal absorption cutoff for aesthetic performance. The resulting TPVs exhibit a record average visible transmittance of 84.6% and a color rendering index of 96.5, while maintaining an output power density of 11 W m−2 under one‐sun illumination. Further, the large‐area prototypes up to 25 cm2 are demonstrated, that are operationally stable with extrapolated lifetimes of >20 yrs under outdoor conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Background: Liver resection (LRE) and microwave ablation (MWA) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have been widely compared. Aims: To compare the therapeutic outcomes of percutaneous MWA and LRE for HCC in ideal candidates for ablation according to Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging Methods: Between August 2013 and November 2020, 483 consecutive patients meeting criteria for "ideal candidates for ablation" per the BCLC staging initially treated with MWA (n = 168) or LRE (n = 315) were included. Patients were further divided into BCLC‐0 (n = 116) and BCLC‐A (n = 367) groups. Overall survival (OS), recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and post‐procedure‐related complication rates were compared before and after propensity score matching (PSM) and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) in the overall population and subgroups. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to determine whether the treatment modality was an independent prognostic factor. Results: LRE had a better RFS and similar OS and post‐procedure‐related complication rates compared to MWA in the overall population and in the BCLC‐A subgroup both before and after PSM and IPTW. However, the OS, RFS and post‐procedure‐related complication rates were equivalent between the two groups before and after PSM and IPTW in patients with BCLC‐0 disease. The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that LRE was associated with better RFS over MWA in overall population (p = 0.003; HR = 0.67; 95% CI: 0.51–0.87) and BCLC‐A disease (p = 0.046; HR = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.56–0.99), while it did not differ in OS. Conclusion: An 'ideal candidate for ablation' according to the BCLC staging system may not be an ideal candidate for MWA. However, patients with BCLC‐0 may be the optimal population for MWA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The different approaches for the synthesis of C,C‐palladacycles are reviewed in this manuscript. These species hold a bidentate ligand that chelates the Pd atom through two C‐donor moieties. Their relevance is closely related to the fact that they are intermediates in many palladium‐catalyzed transformations. Furthermore, some of them have been used as efficient catalyst in cross coupling reactions. The review is structured according to the different strategies that have been employed to achieve the synthesis of the C,C‐palladacycle derivatives, starting with those involving one elemental step (such as the oxidative addition of strained C−C bonds to Pd(0) or the transmetalation reactions between organometallic reagents and Pd(II) precursors), and continuing with more complex processes, where at least two elementary steps of Pd chemistry are involved (for example, carbometalation of alkenes followed by a C−H activation process). A final section highlights some aspects of synthetic methodologies based on Pd catalysis in which one or several C,C‐palladacyclic intermediates are involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conjugated polymers are promising cost‐effective, lightweight, and flexible electrode materials. 3,5‐Dinonyl‐2,6‐di(thiophene‐2‐yl)dithieno[3,2‐b : 2′,3′d]thiophene (M1) as a donor and 4,4′‐dinonyl‐5,5′‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐2,2′‐bithiazole (M2) as an acceptor were synthesized and their polymers poly(3,5‐dinonyl‐2,6‐di(thiophene‐2‐yl)dithieno[3,2 b : 2′,3′‐d]thiophene) (P1) and poly(4,4′‐dinonyl‐5,5′‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)‐2,2′‐bithiazole) (P2) were obtained via electropolymerization on ITO/glass electrode surface in ACN : DCM (1 : 3 v/v) solution, containing 0.1 M tetrabutylammonium hexafluorophosphate (TBAPF6). Then, a third polymer as a co‐polymer (P3) was synthesized through electropolymerization of a mixture of the monomers M1 and M2 in 1 : 1 ratio. All the polymers were characterized by UV‐Vis, CV and CV‐UV measurements. Moreover, capacitor properties of the polymers by potentiostatic electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was performed. The polymers P1, P2 and P3 exhibited absorptions at 456, 453 and 519 nm in neutral state and their optical band gaps were determined to be 2.17, 2.53 and 1.95 eV, respectivetly. EIS measurements indicated that P3 had the highest current density, having lower resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incorporation of fluorescent organic dyes in an encapsulating matrix represents a route to generate stable and processable materials for optoelectronic devices. Here, we present a method to embed perylene dyes into a high refractive index (HRI) polysiloxane matrix applying an allyl functionalized perylene dye and hydrosilylation chemistry. In a first approach, the dye molecules were covalently integrated into the backbone of linear polyphenylmethylsiloxane chains. The fluorescent and liquid polymers were synthesized with molecular weights from 5660 up to 8400 g mol−1. In a second approach, the dye itself was used as a cross‐linking agent between linear polyphenylmethylsiloxane chains. These preformed fluorescent batch polymers are liquids with dye concentrations between 0.025 and 8 wt %. The applied synthetic methods incorporated the dye covalently into the polymer structure and avoided the crystallization of the dye molecules and thus the formation of excimers, which would reduce the optical emission. The resulting products can be easily incorporated into curable commercially available HRI polyphenylmethylsiloxane resins. The formed materials are ideal LED encapsulants with a solid and flexible consistency, a uniform dispersion of the dyes, and adjustable mechanical properties, realized by changing the amount of perylene polymers. Further properties of the obtained materials are thermal stabilities up to 478 °C, quantum yields larger than 0.97, and high photostabilities. Thus, the covalent integration of dyes into polyphenylsiloxane structures represents a possible route for the stabilization of the organic dyes against the extreme irradiance and thermal conditions in LED applications. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 1062–1073 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Ultrathin films of CdSe nannocrystals (CdSe‐NCs) modified with glycosilated molecules have shown interesting electrochemical properties which lead to the detection of lectin Jacalin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article conceptualizes risk culture and sheds light on the role it plays in insurers' risk management frameworks. The article follows a cognitive, dynamic approach, arguing that risk culture is the product of organizational learning about what has or has not worked for it in the past. Within their local context, the members of a group learn which of the typically centrally prescribed formal risk management policies and procedures and which espoused risk philosophies actually work in practice in the sense of behavior that is formally or informally encouraged or discouraged, rewarded or punished. While the formal risk management framework defines which processes to use, which limits to obey, and which values to aspire to, it is the risk culture that defines which rules and norms are perceived to be rational and important. The insurance literature commonly argues, and practice suggests, that it is necessary to achieve consistency in order to effectively embed risk management. Nevertheless, inconsistent basic assumptions at the deepest level of risk culture are a likely feature of local subgroups. However, what is rational and efficient to one subgroup might be random and dangerous for the organization as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our ongoing effort towards the development of highly selective transition-metal-catalysed C-H activation processes has led to the expansion of the Catellani reaction. In a Pd0/PdII/PdIV-catalysed domino reaction, an aryl iodide, alkyl iodide and tert-butyl acrylate were combined to synthesize the carbon framework of the novel lignan (+)-linoxepin. The enantioselective synthesis highlights the work accomplished in our group and provides an excellent procedure for the reliable and scalable synthesis of architecturally complex scaffolds. This report outlines the synthetic approaches towards this interesting class of biologically active molecules. After the key Catellani/Heck reaction, our synthesis features a Leimeux-Johnson oxidation and a titanium tetrachloride mediated aldol condensation. Finally, a tuneable Mizoroki-Heck reaction was performed to furnish not only the natural product (+)-linoxepin but also its isoform, which we have named isolinoxepin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After being restricted for the intramolecular formation of C-C bonds, the palladium catalyzed arylation reaction has been extended for the intermolecular synthesis of biaryls systems. Many of these reactions have been demonstrated to proceed by mechanisms that involve a concerted metalation-deprotonation, in which the base plays an important role in the proton abstraction. Other mechanisms based on electrophilic aromatic substitution and on Pd/Pd or Pd/Pd catalytic cycles have also been proposed. This review summarizes the most important recent advancements on the mechanistic understanding of the different types of palladium-catalyzed arylations reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]