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Since methylotrophic yeasts such as Ogataea methanolica can use methanol as a sole carbon feedstock, they could be applied to produce valuable products from methanol, a next-generation energy source synthesized from natural gases, using genetic engineering tools. In this study, metabolite profiling of O. methanolica was conducted under glucose (Glc) and low and high methanol (L- and H-MeOH) conditions to show the adaptation mechanism to a H-MeOH environment. The yeast strain responded not only to the presence of methanol but also to its concentration based on the growth condition. Under H-MeOH conditions, O. methanolica downregulated the methanol utilization, glycolytic pathway and alcohol oxidase (AOD) isozymes and dihydroxyacetone synthase (DAS) expression compared with L-MeOH-grown cells. However, levels of energy carriers, such as ATP, were maintained to support cell survival. In H-MeOH-grown cells, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were significantly elevated. Along with increasing ROS levels, ROS scavenging system expression was significantly increased in H-MeOH-grown cells. Thus, we concluded that formaldehyde and H 2 O 2 , which are products of methanol oxidation by AOD isozymes in the peroxisome, are overproduced in H-MeOH-grown cells, and excessive ROS derived from these cells is generated in the cytosol, resulting in upregulation of the antioxidant system and downregulation of the methanol-utilizing pathway to suppress overproduction of toxic intermediates., (© 2021 The Authors. Microbial Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd and Society for Applied Microbiology.)

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C6H8N3O2 (+)·C6H2N3O7 (-)·H2O, N-H⋯O and O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the components into a two-dimensional network parallel to (010). In addition, there are pairs of weak inversion-related C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds within the two-dimensional network. The three nitro groups are twisted by 1.6 (3), 7.8 (3) and 12.1 (3)° from the ring plane in the anion, while in the cation, the nitro group makes a dihedral angle of 4.6 (2)° with the ring.

In the title compound, C(8)H(9)N(+)·H(2)PO(4) (-), both the cation and anion have crystallographically imposed mirror symmetry (all atoms apart from one O atom lie on the mirror plane). In the crystal, anions and cations are linked by O-H⋯O and π-π stacking inter-actions [centroid-centroid distance = 3.4574 (6) Å], forming chains parallel to the b axis. Adjacent chains are further connected by N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds into a two-dimensional network.

In the title compound, (C(5)H(7)N(2))(2)[ZnCl(4)], the pyridine N atoms are protonated and the [ZnCl(4)](2-) anions adopt a slightly distorted tetra-hedral configuration. In the crystal, weak N-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules into layers, while weak π-π inter-actions [centroid-centroid distance = 4.2758 (18) Å] also help to stabilize the packing.

In the title compound, [Zn(C(11)H(8)N(5)O)(N(3))](n), the Zn atom is hexa-coordinated by five N atoms and one O atom in a distorted octa-hedral geometry. The chelating 5-(8-quinolyloxymeth-yl)tetra-zolate ligands are approximately planar, with a dihedral angle of 3.6 (2)° between the quinoline and tetra-zole planes. Adjacent Zn atoms are linked by two bridging azide ligands across a centre of inversion, and further coordination by one N atom of an adjacent tetra-zole unit forms two-dimensional frameworks in (100). C-H⋯N inter-actions exist between ligands in neighbouring layers.

In the title compound, [ZnCl(2)(C(20)H(20)N(2))], the Zn(II) atom is four coordinated in a distorted tetra-hedral geometry by two N atoms of the Schiff base ligand and by two Cl atoms. Edge-to-face C-H⋯π inter-actions exist between mol-ecules, with a dihedral angle of 37.8 (1)° between the benzene ring planes and a shortest H⋯centroid distance of 3.62 (5) Å.