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Most low infrared emissivity coatings for anti‐infrared reconnaissance are merely suitable for targets warmer than their surroundings, and their flexibility and wearability are unsatisfactory for dynamic stealth applications. Herein, a spectral‐selective and adjustable patterned polydimethylsiloxane/MXene/nanoporous polytetrafluoroethylene metafabric with an asymmetric structure is designed, which achieves spectral selectivity of reflection/emission in mid‐infrared wavebands and synchronous reflection/absorption of solar light, integrating "shielded infrared stealth" and "compensatory thermal camouflage" in temperature‐change scenarios. By synergizing the low infrared emissivity of MXene and the effective heat‐transfer suppression of the patterned polydimethylsiloxane, the metafabric obtains an infrared emissivity of as low as ≈28% and minimizes the radiative temperature difference between a target of 36 °C and its low‐temperature surroundings even to 2.5 °C. Conversely, the metafabric adaptively unitizes its surface infrared signature with its high‐temperature background via the thermal energy compensation supplied by the solar‐thermal/electrothermal conversion of MXene and the powerful radiation emission of the outer polydimethylsiloxane. Besides, the metafabric creates a comfortable skin‐interface microclimate by the high solar‐light reflection of the nanoporous polytetrafluoroethylene and exhibits satisfactory electromagnetic interference shielding performances, mechanical flexibility, self‐cleaning, and antioxidation. This work provides a new strategy for designing multifunctional thermal camouflage materials for counter‐reconnaissance in changeable surroundings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pleurogenoides japonicus (Trematoda: Microphalloidea) is an important parasite in wood frogs with high infection rates and significant ecological, economic, and societal importance. The scarcity of molecular data for these parasites severely limits population genetics and phylogenetic studies. In the present study, for the first time, we determined and described the entire mitochondrial (mt) genome of P. japonicus as the first representative of the family Pleurogenidae. The entire mt genome of P. japonicus was circular, with 15,043 bp (GenBank accession number OR900118), containing 36 genes, comprising 12 protein‐coding genes (cox1–3, nad1–6, nad4L, cytb, and atp6), two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and two non‐coding regions. There were 23 intergenic spacers, ranging from 2 to 162 bp, and only one 40 bp overlap between nad4L and nad4 genes in the P. japonicus mt genome. The nucleotide composition of P. japonicus mt genome exhibited a strong AT bias with a 63.75% A + T content, while the AT‐ and GC‐skews were − 0.435 and 0.407, respectively. Comparative analysis demonstrated that the P. japonicus mt genome shared the most common characteristics with Microphalloidea trematodes, and the cox1 gene was the longest and most conserved gene in Microphalloidea trematodes. The gene arrangements of Xiphidiata trematodes were of the same order based on protein‐coding genes and rRNA genes, except for tRNA. More than two gene arrangement types exist in Echinostomata and Xiphidiata, and the gene rearrangement events mainly occurred in "trnE‐trnG" and "trnG‐trnE". Phylogenetic analysis suggested that trematodes of the family Pleurogenidae clustered more with Prosthogonimidae than Eucotylidae. The mt genome data of P. japonicus provide an accurate genetic marker for further studies of Xiphidiata trematodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Visualization is a cornerstone in human–computer interaction, evolving from large screens to mobile devices and now to wearable display technology. However, conventional batteries and displays lack the softness and stretchability inherent to human skin. Here, a fully flexible, all‐in‐one electronic display skin by integrating a flexible microLED display, a stretchable circuit, and a Zn|PAM|V2O5 hydrogel battery pack is developed. Vapor‐phase bulk transfer is used to efficiently and accurately transfer 10 000 microLEDs onto a flexible substrate, ensuring high flexibility and ultra‐thin (240 µm). The flexible hydrogel battery pack provides sustainable energy, with a high specific capacity of 331.3 mAh g−1. Additionally, a transparent stretchable circuit board (maximum stretch 40%) is made by 3D printing technology. The skin display exhibited exceptional stretchability and biocompatibility, conforming to movements while maintaining high‐resolution dynamic visual outputs. These innovations pave the way for advanced skin‐implanted displays, promising transformative applications in information interaction, healthcare, and artificial intelligence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the integration of X‐ray‐induced photochromism and photoluminescence in a single material, offering innovative multi‐mode applications in optical memory, anti‐counterfeiting, and X‐ray detection and imaging. The photochromic phosphor LiAlSi2O6:Sm3+ is synthesized, which undergoes a color change from white to dark green under bright field conditions and displays orange photoluminescence in dark field conditions after X‐ray exposure due to defect formation. The phosphor shows accelerated bleaching and recovery under 473 nm laser stimulation. The distinct X‐ray‐induced color contrast and luminescence intensity modification in LiAlSi2O6:Sm3+ highlight its potential in advanced luminescent material design. Moreover, a LiAlSi2O6:Sm3+‐based flexible film demonstrates "dual‐mode" 3D X‐ray imaging and detection capabilities, paving the way for future X‐ray detecting and imaging device research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The trap states at both the upper and bottom interfaces of perovskite layers significantly impact non‐radiative carrier recombination. The widely used solvent‐based passivation methods result in the disordered distribution of surface components, posing challenges for the commercial application of large‐area perovskite solar cells (PSCs). To address this issue, a novel NH3 gas‐assisted all‐inorganic dual‐interfaces passivation strategy is proposed. Through the gas treatment of the perovskite surface, NH3 molecules significantly enhanced the iodine vacancy formation energy (1.54 eV) and bonded with uncoordinated Pb2+ to achieve non‐destructive passivation. Meanwhile, the reduction of the film defect states is accompanied by a decrease in the work function, which promotes carrier transport between the interface. Further, a stable passivation layer is constructed to manage the bottom interfacial defects using inorganic potassium tripolyphosphate (PT), whose ─P═O group effectively mitigated the charged defects and lowered the carrier transport barriers and nucleation barriers of PVK, while the gradient distribution of K+ improved the crystalline quality of PVK film. Based on the dual‐interface synergistic effect, the optimal MA‐contained PSCs with an effective area of 0.1 cm2 achieved an efficiency of 24.51% and can maintain 90% of the initial value after aging (10−20% RH and 20 °C) for 2000 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research examines the anti‐aging potential of the flavonoid derivative of isoquercitrin known as enzymatically modified isoquercitrin (EMIQ). Initial HPLC analyses showed that EMIQ used in the study contained 1–12 glucosides and 10.7% pentahydroxyflavonoids, promising potent antioxidant properties. In subsequent in‐vitro studies with UVA‐exposed human dermal fibroblasts (HDFa), EMIQ demonstrated protective properties by reducing collagen damage. It modulated both the TGFβ/Smad pathway and the MMP1 pathway, contributing to collagen preservation. This protective effect was further confirmed using the T‐Skin™ model, a reconstructed full‐thickness human skin model, which illustrated that EMIQ could defend the physiological structures of both the epidermis and dermis against UV radiation. A 28‐day clinical trial with 30 volunteers aged 31–55 years highlighted EMIQ's effectiveness. Participants using EMIQ‐containing Essence displayed reduced facial trans‐epidermal water loss and skin roughness, alongside improved skin elasticity. This study emphasizes EMIQ's potential as an anti‐photoaging ingredient in cosmetics, warranting further research. The findings pave the way for developing innovative skincare products addressing photoaging effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gain medium‐doped active optical fibers for optical amplification and long‐range transmission have triggered a lot of researches. Traditional rare‐earth ion‐doped active fibers have non‐adjustable emissions, narrow band luminescence, limited gain enhancement, and other challenges. The unique optical properties of quantum dots (QDs) can further improve the doped optical fibers in the light amplification capacity, temperature sensitivity and to gain a broad‐spectrum coverage and lower laser threshold and other superiorities. However, there are few systematic discussions on the development of the technologies and applications of those QD‐doped optical fibers. In this review, the optical properties, temperature characteristics and optical amplification mechanisms of QD‐doped optical fibers are outlined. Then, the preparation technologies and the applications of QD‐doped optical fibers are highlighted. Additionally, the existing challenges and future development prospects of QD‐doped optical fibers are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photochromic glass shows great promise for 3D optical information encryption and storage applications. The formation of Ag nanoclusters by light irradiation has been a significant development in the field of photochromic glass research. However, extending this approach to other metal nanoclusters remains a challenge. In this study, we present a pioneering method for crafting photochromic glass with reliably adjustable dual‐mode luminescence in both the NIR and visible spectra. This was achieved by leveraging bimetallic clusters of bismuth, resulting in a distinct and novel photochromic glass. When rare‐earth‐doped, bismuth‐based glass is irradiated with a 473 nm laser, and it undergoes a color transformation from yellow to red, accompanied by visible and broad NIR luminescence. This phenomenon is attributed to the formation of laser‐induced (Bi+, Bi0) nanoclusters. We achieved reversible manipulation of the NIR luminescence of these nanoclusters and visible rare‐earth luminescence by alternating exposure to a 473 nm laser and thermal stimulation. Information patterns can be inscribed and erased on a glass surface or in 3D space, and the readout is enabled by modulating visible and NIR luminescence. This study introduces a pioneering strategy for designing photochromic glasses with extensive NIR luminescence and significant potential for applications in high‐capacity information encryption, optical data storage, optical communication, and NIR imaging. The exploration of bimetallic cluster formation in Bi represents a vital contribution to the advancement of multifunctional glass systems with augmented optical functionalities and versatile applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study investigates the processes and experiences of intergenerationally tied relocation in which older parents from mainland China join their already migrated children in Hong Kong to provide domestic and childcare support. Background: Studies on tied migration have mainly focused on couple‐based moves within a human capital framework. With the increasing trend of grandparenting migrants, studies have expanded to address intergenerationally tied relocation. Method: We conducted thematic analysis of in‐depth interview data of 34 mainland Chinese respondents, including 15 parent–child pairs and four adult children. Results: The decision to relocate is influenced by the established history of intergenerational supportive exchange relationships. The initial motivation for tied relocation is to benefit the adult children. Older parents' postrelocation experiences can affect their later decision to leave or remain, with key factors including financial dependence, emotional stress, and difficulty in balancing the duty of care between migrant children and distant family members. In planning for future eldercare, the goal is to meet the needs of both generations. Options include non‐coresidential care, reliance on the parents' hometown sibling network, or living in nearby mainland cities closer to Hong Kong. Conclusion: The study highlights the complex interplay of family relationships and responsibilities in the phenomenon of intergenerationally tied relocation. The findings unveil the dynamic roles and adaptive strategies families utilize to facilitate the transfer of care and support across generations and geographies. Implications: Policy and services should be developed to assist aging immigrant families in their adaptation and integration, and formulate strategies for meeting future care needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we successfully developed two novel vinylene‐linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs) using 2‐connected 3,6‐dimethylpyridazine through Knoevenagel condensation. These COFs featured finely tailored micro‐/nano‐scale pore sizes, high surface areas and stable non‐polar vinylene linkages. Finely resolved powder X‐ray diffraction patterns demonstrated highly crystalline structures with a hexagonal lattice in the AA layer stacking. The resulting one‐dimensional channels possess strong hydrogen‐bond accepting sites arising from the decorated cis‐azo/azine units with two pairs of fully exposed lone pair electrons, endowing the as‐prepared COFs with exceptional water absorption properties. The g‐DZPH‐COF exhibited successive steep water uptake steps starting from low relative pressures (P/PSTA=0.1), with the remarkable water uptake capacity of 0.26 g/g at P/PSTA=0.2 (25 °C), which is the optimal value recorded among the reported COFs. Dynamic vapour sorption measurements revealed the fast kinetics of these COFs, even in the cluster formation process. Water uptake and release cycling tests demonstrated their outstanding hydrolytic stability, durability, and adsorption–desorption retention ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction of fluorescent down‐conversion layer inside perovskite solar cells (PSCs) can highly improve the ultraviolet response of the devices and the light stability. However, such a device is usually confronted with the problem of inter‐diffusion with the perovskite absorber layer, which severely limits its further development. To address this problem, herein, this work employs an interfacial dual electron transport layers (ETLs) strategy, sandwiching Cd‐CsPbCl3:Mn2+ luminescent quantum dots within gap of the ETLs, which not only reduces the interface energy level offset, but also improves the nucleation and crystallization kinetics of perovskite films and prevents their diffusion to the perovskite absorber layer. As a result, the efficient synergy effect effectively elevates both the open‐circuit voltage and fill factor of the PSCs, reaching maximum values of 1.181 V and 81.14%, respectively, finally delivering progressively increased device power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.32% with significantly improved light stability. To further improve the ultraviolet response, this work further adopts the strategy of dual fluorescent conversion layers inside and outside the PSCs, and finally obtains PCE of 24.63%, which is the best for various luminescent conversion cells. This work opens a new door for the development of efficient and stable photoluminescence conversion PSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A reversible solid thermally responsive deep‐blue pure organic room temperature phosphorescent material is constructed by terephthalic acid (PPA), β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD), and poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA). Attributed to the host‐guest interaction of β‐CD to isolate PPA chromophore and the rigid environment offered by hydrogen bonds to suppress the nonradiative decays, amorphous supramolecular assembly PPA‐CD/PVA not only induces a deep‐blue phosphorescence at 410 nm that differing from traditional PPA derivatives with green emission but also enhances the quantum yield up to 30.52%. Uncommonly, this film exhibits a unique reversible thermal stimulation response property with blue and cyan phosphorescence color transitions because heating can destroy the binding behavior between β‐CD and PPA, resulting in redshift phosphorescence emission from PPA stacking. Additionally, with the incorporation of Rhodamine B (RhB) or Sulforhodamine 101 (SR101) into the supramolecular film, color‐tunable phosphorescence from blue to white, yellow, and red relying on the thermal stimulation is realized through triplet‐to‐singlet Förster resonance energy transfer (TS‐FRET) platform. These thermochromic phosphorescence materials are successfully applied in multilevel anticounterfeiting and information encryption, which provides a new simple approach for temperature‐responsive TS‐FRET multicolor luminescence supramolecular materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to elucidate the detailed metabolic implications of varying monacolin K levels and sterilization methods on Monascus‐fermented rice products (MFRPs), acclaimed for their health benefits and monacolin K content. Advanced metabolite profiling of various MFRP variants was conducted using ultrahigh‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐Q‐TOF MS). Statistical analysis encompassed t‐tests, ANOVA, and multivariate techniques including PCA, PLS‐DA, and OPLS‐DA. Notable variations in metabolites were observed across MFRPs with differing monacolin K levels, particularly in variants such as MR1‐S, MR1.5‐S, MR2‐S, and MR3‐S. Among the 524 identified metabolites, significant shifts were noted in organic acids, derivatives, lipids, nucleosides, and organic oxygen compounds. The study also uncovered distinct metabolic changes resulting from different sterilization methods and the use of highland barley as a fermentation substitute for rice. Pathway analysis shed light on affected metabolic pathways, including those involved in longevity regulation, cGMP‐PKG signaling, and the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. The research provides critical insights into the complex metabolic networks of MFRPs, underscoring the impact of fermentation substrates and conditions on monacolin K levels and their health implications. This study not only guides the nutritional optimization of MFRPs but also emphasizes the strategic importance of substrate choice and sterilization techniques in enhancing the nutritional and medicinal value of these functional foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to develop an electronic portal imaging device‐based multi‐leaf collimator calibration procedure using log files. Picket fence fields with 2–14 mm nominal strip widths were performed and normalized by open field. Normalized pixel intensity profiles along the direction of leaf motion for each leaf pair were taken. Three independent algorithms and an integration method derived from them were developed according to the valley value, valley area, full‐width half‐maximum (FWHM) of the profile, and the abutment width of the leaf pairs obtained from the log files. Three data processing schemes (Scheme A, Scheme B, and Scheme C) were performed based on different data processing methods. To test the usefulness and robustness of the algorithm, the known leaf position errors along the direction of perpendicular leaf motion via the treatment planning system were introduced in the picket fence field with nominal 5, 8, and 11 mm. Algorithm tests were performed every 2 weeks over 4 months. According to the log files, about 17.628% and 1.060% of the leaves had position errors beyond ± 0.1 and ± 0.2 mm, respectively. The absolute position errors of the algorithm tests for different data schemes were 0.062 ± 0.067 (Scheme A), 0.041 ± 0.045 (Scheme B), and 0.037 ± 0.043 (Scheme C). The absolute position errors of the algorithms developed by Scheme C were 0.054 ± 0.063 (valley depth method), 0.040 ± 0.038 (valley area method), 0.031 ± 0.031 (FWHM method), and 0.021 ± 0.024 (integrated method). For the efficiency and robustness test of the algorithm, the absolute position errors of the integration method of Scheme C were 0.020 ± 0.024 (5 mm), 0.024 ± 0.026 (8 mm), and 0.018 ± 0.024 (11 mm). Different data processing schemes could affect the accuracy of the developed algorithms. The integration method could integrate the benefits of each algorithm, which improved the level of robustness and accuracy of the algorithm. The integration method can perform multi‐leaf collimator (MLC) quality assurance with an accuracy of 0.1 mm. This method is simple, effective, robust, quantitative, and can detect a wide range of MLC leaf position errors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 5d→4f transition of Ce3+ is allowed by the electric dipole and the parity selection rule and the position/intensity of the 5d excited state is strongly dependent on the materials' composition and atomic structure. Herein, the composition‐dependent luminescence properties of Ce3+ in CsPbCl3‐xBrx (0 ≤ x ≤ 3) perovskite nanocrystals (PeNCs) are systematically revealed. It's observed that the 5d‐4f broadband emission of Ce3+ is greatly improved by optimizing the Cl:Br ratio due to the efficient energy transfer from excitons to Ce3+. Folic acid, a vitamin which is an extremely important cofactor, is introduced to regulate the film formation by interacting with uncoordinated ions. The modified CsPbCl1.5Br1.5 PeNCs with photoluminescence quantum yield of 91% represent a novel and extremely efficient white nanophosphor. Then, white light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs) are constructed by combining Ce3+‐doped PeNCs with 400‐nm ultraviolet chips with a luminous efficiency of 120.3 lm W−1, which is the most efficient perovskite single‐component WLED. Moreover, the blue‐violet LEDs are fabricated with external quantum efficiency of 0.84%, representing extremely high level of 400–435 nm perovskite LEDs. This work demonstrates the strategy in realizing high‐efficiency wavelength‐tunable PeNCs, motivating the further exploration of Ce3+‐doped perovskites in optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrochemical performance of supercapacitors drops precipitously at extreme low temperatures due to a multitude of reasons, which includes electrolyte freezing, sluggish ion transport in the electrode and electrolyte, and high charge transfer resistance at electrode–electrolyte interfaces. To address high interface resistance, a new supercapacitor architecture is reported, in which MXene/carbon nanotube electrodes with vertically aligned channels are synthesized to reduce tortuosity and maximize the electrode–electrolyte contact area. These electrodes are fabricated using a directional‐freezing strategy, generating direct and fast ion transport pathways. Further, a freeze‐resistant electrolyte which shows high ionic conductivity is synthesized by designing a double‐crosslinked polymer network in a binary solvent consisting of ionic liquid and water, which exhibits an ultralow freezing temperature of −54 °C. An all‐in‐one supercapacitor is assembled by an integrated polymerization strategy to minimize interfacial resistances. The resulting device delivers a specific capacitance of 231 F g−1 at 2 mV s−1 and a maximum energy density of 10.17 Wh kg−1, while maintaining a capacitance retention of 92%, even at an extreme low temperature of −50 °C. The supercapacitor architecture developed in this study, demonstrates the feasibility of electrochemical energy storage at extreme low temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vaginal microbiome plays an essential role in the reproductive health of human females. As infertility increases worldwide, understanding the roles that the vaginal microbiome may have in infertility and in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment outcomes is critical. To determine the vaginal microbiome composition of 1411 individuals (1255 undergoing embryo transplantation) and their associations with reproductive outcomes, clinical and biochemical features are measured, and vaginal samples are 16S rRNA sequenced. Our results suggest that both too high and too low abundance of Lactobacillus is not beneficial for pregnancy; a moderate abundance is more beneficial. A moderate abundance of Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactobacillus iners (~80%) (with a pregnancy rate of I‐B: 54.35% and III‐B: 57.73%) is found beneficial for pregnancy outcomes compared with a higher abundance (>90%) of Lactobacillus (I‐A: 44.81% and III‐A: 51.06%, respectively). The community state type (CST) IV‐B (contains a high to moderate relative abundance of Gardnerella vaginalis) shows a similar pregnant ratio (48.09%) with I‐A and III‐A, and the pregnant women in this CST have a higher abundance of Lactobacillus species. Metagenome analysis of 71 samples shows that nonpregnant women are detected with more antibiotic‐resistance genes, and Proteobacteria and Firmicutes are the main hosts. The inherent differences within and between women in different infertility groups suggest that vaginal microbes might be used to detect infertility and potentially improve IVF outcomes. Highlights: Pregnancy rates vary among women with different vaginal microbiome communities.Too high abundances of both Lactobacillus crispatus and Lactobacillus iners have negative effects on in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes.A moderate abundance (around 80%) of Lactobacillus is more beneficial for pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different from the direct delivery of chemodynamic agents into tumor tissue for chemodynamic therapy (CDT), this work reports the fabrication of heterojunction sonosensitizers (CD/TiSe2) for the in situ generation of chemodynamic agents by responding to tumor microenvironment (TME), realizing the in situ CDT‐enhanced sono‐immunotherapy. The in situ redox of TiSe2 in acidic TME leads to the formation of TiOxSe2−x containing Se (0), selenate, and Ti3+/Ti4+ redox couple, which can facilitate in situ CDT through a Ti3+‐mediated Fenton‐like reaction and consume overexpressed glutathione (GSH) via a Ti4+‐mediated GSH depletion. Moreover, Se ions generated through the in situ redox process promote the maturation of dendritic cells, consequently activating the adaptive immune responses. In another aspect, the construction of heterojunctions within carbon dots and TiSe2 improves the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation efficiency of TiSe2 in a cascaded manner, which enhances the sonodynamic activity and amplifies the chemodynamic performance. More importantly, the ROS produced by in situ CDT and sonodynamic therapy efficiently triggers immunogenic cell death through a synergistic therapy based on the elicitation of antitumor immunity with the aid of an immune checkpoint blockade. This work thus provides a distinct paradigm of transition metal selenide‐originated in situ Fenton‐like agent generation for in situ CDT‐enhanced sono‐immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quasi‐two‐dimensional (Quasi2D) perovskite materials gained widespread attention due to whose unique and highly desirable luminescence properties. However, the behavior of perovskite lightemitting diodes (PeLEDs) is prejudiced by inefficient cascading energy transfer of perovskite film and unbalanced charges injection. Here, ferrocene carboxylic acid (FcAd) is employed between hole transport layer (HTL) and perovskite layer as a molecular bridge to solve the current problems of PeLEDs. Ferrocene units can bond with [PbBr6]4−, forming one‐dimensional (1D) intermediate phases of FcPbBr3 at the interface, which can manipulate the growth kinetics of perovskite and reconstruct the phase distribution. Therefore, due to the suppression of low dimensional phase content, not only is the cascaded energy transfer of PEA2(CsPbBr3)2PbBr4 films effectively achieved, but also the quasi‐2D perovskite's work function is reduced. Additionally, Pb2+ coordinated with the carboxyl group of FcAd, inducing an electric dipole effect that leads to an further upward shift of the perovskite energy level. Eventually, the synergy achieves a significant tailoring between the perovskite and HTL energy exhibits the most excellent external quantum efficiency (EQE) exceeds 27% and optimal brightness exceeds 240000 cd m−2. Therefore, the preparation method will provide an effective strategy to widen the color gamut of next‐generation displays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Apatinib is an oral small‐molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor that blocks vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐2. Oral vinorelbine is a semisynthetic chemotherapeutic agent of vinorelbine alkaloids. Apatinib and oral vinorelbine have been proved to be effective in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer (mBC). At present, several small sample clinical trials have explored the efficacy of apatinib combined with oral vinorelbine in the treatment of mBC. Methods: This retrospective study included 100 human epidermal growth factor receptor‐2 (HER2)‐negative mBC patients who received low‐dose apatinib (250 mg orally per day) plus oral vinorelbine until disease progression or intolerance during February 2017 and March 2023. The progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), clinical benefit rate (CBR), disease control rate (DCR), and safety were analyzed by SPSS 26.0 software and GraphPad Prism 8 software. Cox proportional hazards regression model for univariate and multivariate was used to identify factors significantly related to PFS and OS. Results: The median follow‐up time for this study was 38.1 months. Among 100 patients with HER2‐negative mBC, 66 were hormone receptor (HR)‐positive/HER2‐negative and 34 were triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC). The median PFS and OS were 6.0 months (95% CI, 5.2–6.8 months) and 23.0 months (95% CI, 19.9–26.1 months). There were no statistical differences in PFS (p = 0.239) and OS (p = 0.762) between the HR‐positive /HER2‐negative and TNBC subgroups. The ORR, CBR, and DCR were 21.0%, 58.0%, and 78.0%, respectively. Ninety‐five patients (95.0%) experienced varying grades of adverse events (AEs) and 38.0% of patients for Grades 3–4. The most common Grades 3–4 AEs that we observed were neutropenia (30.0%) and leukopenia (25.0%). Conclusion: Low‐dose apatinib combined with oral vinorelbine demonstrates potential efficacy and well tolerated for pretreated HER2‐negative mBC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible perovskite light‐emitting diodes (f‐PeLEDs) have become one of the important candidates for lighting and display in wearable electronic devices due to their high flexibility and portability. However, the device performance of f‐PeLEDs is much lower than that of rigid devices, mainly due to the lack of mechanically stable perovskite films with good optoelectronic properties. In this work, a multifunctional strategy is proposed to obtain f‐PeLEDs with increased mechanical stability and optoelectronic performance. The polylactic acid (PLA) polymer with high flexibility is first incorporated into a quasi‐two‐dimensional (quasi‐2D) film, which undergoes in situ cross‐linking and forms a polymer cross‐linking network in a quasi‐2D film. Moreover, C═O functional groups in PLA can coordinate with unsaturated Pb2+ sites to efficiently passivate defects in perovskite films. The excellent flexibility of PLA and dynamic physical cross‐linking sites between PLA and the perovskite lattice enhance mechanical stability and still exhibit stable optical properties after repeated bending. Finally, the champion external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 15.94% is successfully implemented and maintains an initial EQE of over 60% after 10 000 bending cycles with a curvature radius of 3 mm. Therefore, the well‐designed cross‐linking strategy provides an efficient strategy for manufacturing stable f‐PeLEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the scarcity of novel antibiotics, the eradication of bacterial biofilm infections poses formidable challenges. Upon bacterial infection, the host restricts Fe ions, which are crucial for bacterial growth and maintenance. Having coevolved with the host, bacteria developed adaptive pathways like the hemin‐uptake system to avoid iron deficiency. Inspired by this, we propose a novel strategy, termed iron nutritional immunity therapy (INIT), utilizing Ga‐CT@P nanocomposites constructed with gallium, copper‐doped tetrakis (4‐carboxyphenyl) porphyrin (TCPP) metal–organic framework, and polyamine‐amine polymer dots, to target bacterial iron intakes and starve them. Owing to the similarity between iron/hemin and gallium/TCPP, gallium‐incorporated porphyrin potentially deceives bacteria into uptaking gallium ions and concurrently extracts iron ions from the surrounding bacteria milieu through the porphyrin ring. This strategy orchestrates a "give and take" approach for Ga3+/Fe3+ exchange. Simultaneously, polymer dots can impede bacterial iron metabolism and serve as real‐time fluorescent iron‐sensing probes to continuously monitor dynamic iron restriction status. INIT based on Ga‐CT@P nanocomposites induced long‐term iron starvation, which affected iron‐sulfur cluster biogenesis and carbohydrate metabolism, ultimately facilitating biofilm eradication and tissue regeneration. Therefore, this study presents an innovative antibacterial strategy from a nutritional perspective that sheds light on refractory bacterial infection treatment and its future clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under physical conditions such as TC = 68 °C, Vanadium dioxide (VO2) undergoes a reversible transformation from a monoclinic phase to a tetragonal rutile phase. This transformation is accompanied by a series of changes in physical properties, including transmittance, conductivity, and refractive index, which make it an excellent functional material. Based on this, VO2 has been extensively researched and applied in the fields of electronics and optics, yielding remarkable results and making it a hot research material. This paper reviews the phase transition mechanisms and optical/electrical properties of VO2, as well as its phase transition hysteresis. From the application perspective, this paper summarizes the modulation content under various external excitations and the element doping effects. Finally, this paper summarizes the classic VO2‐based devices, and points out the development direction and potential of VO2 in optics and electronics. This review provides a systematic summary of VO2, which is useful for its practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is the key anode reaction of electrolytic water. To improve the slow OER kinetics, we synthesize nanoflower‐like Co−Fe‐Cr−Mo‐Mn high‐entropy spinel (HES) nanosheets on nickel foam (NF) by one‐step solvothermal method, which exhibit an overpotential (η10) of only 188 mV at 10 mA cm−2, much lower than bimetallic CoFeOx/NF (233 mV), trimetallic CoFeCrOx/NF (211 mV), and tetrametallic CoFeCrMoOx/NF (200 mV). The OER overpotential decreases with the increase of the number of metals, indicating that the formation of HES has a positive effect on the improvement of electrocatalytic performance, since the synergistic effect between different metals enhances the charge transfer rate and decreases reaction barrier. In‐situ Raman spectra demonstrate that the formation of γ‐NiOOH on the HES surface is a crucial active species for the OER. This work demonstrates a simple and efficient synthesis method to prepare nanoflower‐like high‐entropy electrocatalysts for efficient OER electrocatalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the of Qufeng Tongqiao Prescription in the treatment of cerebral ischemia–reperfusion (CIR) and associated molecular network mechanism. Venny diagram, gene ontology (GO) and kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis, protein–protein interaction (PPI), hub genes mining, molecular docking, combined with animal experiments and Nissl stain were performed to determine the molecular network mechanism of Qufeng Tongqiao Prescription for CIR treatment. Fifty three intersecting genes between Qufeng Tongqiao Prescription and cerebral ischemia reperfusion were acquired from Venny analysis. GO analysis showed that the main biological process (BP) was response to lipopolysaccharide, and the main cell localization (CC) process was membrane raft, while the most important molecular function (MF) process is Cytokine receptor binding. Moreover, AGE‐RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications is the most important signaling pathway in KEGG pathway. Through molecular docking, it was found that Astragalus membranaceus was docked with MAPK14, IL4, FOS, IL6, and JUN; pueraria membranaceus was directly docked with JUN and IL4; Acorus acorus was linked to JUN and MAPK14; Ganoderma ganoderma and human were involved in JUN docking, and Ligusticum chuanqi and pueraria could not be docked with MAPK14, respectively. The results of animal experiments showed that Qufeng Tongqiao Prescription significantly improved behavioral performance and reduced the number of neuronal deaths in rats subjected to CIR, and molecular mechanisms are associated with FOS, IL‐6, IL4, JUN, and MAPK14, of there, IL‐6, as a vital candidator, which has been confirmed by immunostaining detection. Together, Qufeng Tongqiao Prescription has positive therapeutic effect on CIR, and the underlying mechanism is involved MAPK14, FOS, IL4, and JUN network, while IL‐6 may be as a vital target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The ectoparasitic wasp Habrobracon hebetor (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) can parasitize various species of lepidopteran pests. To maximize its potential for biological control, it is necessary to investigate its gene function through genome engineering. RESULTS: To test the effectiveness of genome engineering system in H. hebetor, we injected the mixture of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) ‐associated (Cas) 9 protein and single guide RNA(s) targeting gene white into embryos. The resulting mutants display a phenotype of eye pigment loss. The phenotype was caused by small indel and is heritable. Then, we compared some biological parameters between wildtype and mutant, and found there were no significant differences in other parameters except for the offspring female rate and adult longevity. In addition, cocoons could be used to extract genomic DNA for genotype during the gene editing process without causing unnecessary harm to H. hebetor. CONCLUSION: Our results demonstrate that the CRISPR/Cas9 system can be used for H. hebetor genome editing and it does not adversely affect biological parameters of the parasitoid wasps. We also provide a feasible non‐invasive genotype detection method using genomic DNA extracted from cocoons. Our study introduces a novel tool and method for studying gene function in H. hebetor, and may contribute to better application of H. hebetor in biocontrol. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces a flexible and uniformly‐dispersed quantum dot (QD) color filter (QDCF) fabricated for micro‐LED by photolithography. We studied the condition of PET films and concentration of QDs, the optimized QDCF exhibited high quantum yield (QY) up to over 70%, and a high optical density (OD) over 1.2. The QY increased and then decreased with the increase of the concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although colloidal perovskite nanocrystal (PNC) solution has exhibited near‐unity photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY), the luminance would be severely quenched when the PNC solution is assembled into thin films due to the agglomeration and fusion of NCs caused by the exfoliation of surface ligands and non‐radiative Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from small to large particle sizes, which seriously affected the performances of light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). Here, we used Guanidine thiocyanate (GASCN) and Sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN) to achieve effective CsPbI3 PNC surface reconstruction. Due to the strong coordination ability of these small molecules with the anions and cations on the surface of the PNCs, they can provide strong surface protection against PNC fusion during centrifugal purification process and repair the surface defects of PNCs, so that the original uniform size distribution of PNCs can be maintained and FRET between close‐packed PNC films is effectively suppressed, which allows the emission characteristics of the films to be preserved. As a result, highly oriented, smooth and nearly defect‐free high‐quality PNC thin films are obtained, with PLQY as high as 95.1 %, far exceeding that of the original film, and corresponding LEDs exhibit a maximum external quantum efficiency of 24.5 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reversible luminescence modification of inorganic phosphors has emerged as a promising field, enabling innovative applications such as optical memory, multiple anti‐counterfeiting, and photoswitches. Traditional luminescence modulation techniques, such as core–shell structure design and energy transfer‐related luminescent ions regulation, face challenges in achieving reversible luminescence modification. Chromism induces reversible color changes in materials when stimulated by external fields such as electricity, heat, and light. Combining chromism with luminescence enables the creation of chromism‐driven reversible luminescence manipulation in a single material. This review summarizes recent advances in reversible luminescence modification of inorganic phosphors based on chromism reaction and highlights their potential applications in optical data storage, fingerprint acquisition, and anti‐counterfeiting areas. The potential prospective research directions are also discussed and the challenges and opportunities of chromism‐based reversible luminescent materials are presented for further extended applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an ecological strategy for species coexistence, some species adapt to a wide range of habitats, while others specialize in particular environments. Such 'generalists' and 'specialists' achieve normal ecological balance through a complex network of interactions between species. However, the role of these interactions in maintaining the coexistence of generalist and specialist species has not been elucidated within a general theoretical framework. Here, we analyze the ecological mechanism for the coexistence of specialist and generalist species in a class of mutualistic and competitive interaction ecosystems based on the network dimension reduction method. We find that ecological specialists and generalists can be identified based on the number of their respective interactions. We also find, using real‐world empirical network simulations, that the removal of ecological generalists can lead to the collapse of local ecosystems, which is rarely observed with the loss of ecological specialists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A macrocyclic confinement‐activated green phosphorescence and two‐photon near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescence supramolecular cascade assembly is constructed by multivalent interaction based on the alkyl‐bridged triphenylamine‐vinyl pyridine salts (BTPA), cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]), β‐cyclodextrin‐grafted hyaluronic acid (HACD), and 4‐bromophenyl pyridine salt and CB[8] complex (PY/CB[8]). Taking advantage of CB[8]‐induced macrocyclic confinement and molecular folding, the fluorescence of BTPA is effectively redshifted by 30 nm from 720 to 750 nm. Subsequently, HACD, a cancer cell targeting agent, is co‐assembled with a BTPA/CB[8] supramolecular folder to form a nanoparticle, further enhancing NIR fluorescence from 750 nm up to 810 nm through cascade confinement. Upon introduction of the 2:1 complex PY/CB[8], multicomponent nanoparticles are fabricated, not only showing efficient NIR fluorescence with an increase in quantum yield from 7.21% to 22.92% but also endowing green phosphorescence emission, which is successfully applied for two‐photon cancer cell‐targeted imaging to shield background interference from fluorescent and phosphorescent resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Double perovskite (DP) phosphors attract extensive attention due to their potential applications in the field of optoelectronics. Photochromism‐induced luminescence modulation can extend their application fields. However, designing and preparing DP phosphors with expected photochromic and luminescent properties is still challenging. Herein, the photochromic Ba2YTaO6: Yb3+, Er3+, Co2+ DP with upconversion luminescence properties is developed. The color of the sample turns from white to pink upon 254 nm UV light irradiation, which is fast fading upon 473 nm laser illumination. The mechanism of photochromism is related to the formation of color centers, and the doping of Co2+ ions is crucial for the improvement of photochromism, which is from the increasing of traps depth, the oxygen vacancies, and the carrier concentration of the matrix caused by Co2+ doping. The upconversion luminescence of Er3+ ions can be reversibly modulated by the photochromic effect, exhibiting excellent reproducibility and high stability. The potential application of photochromic Ba2YTaO6: Yb3+, Er3+, Co2+ phosphor is demonstrated in the field of anticounterfeiting and three‐dimensional (3D) artwork. This work not only offers insight into the photochromic mechanism of DP but also presents guidance for developing other photochromic DP phosphors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Normal tension glaucoma (NTG) is referred to as a progressive degenerative disorder of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), resulting in nonreversible visual defects, despite intraocular pressure levels within the statistically normal range. Current therapeutic strategies for NTG yield limited benefits. Excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1) knockout (EAAC1−/−) in mice has been shown to induce RGC degeneration without elevating intraocular pressure, mimicking pathological characteristics of NTG. In this study, we explored whether daily oral administration of melatonin could block RGCs loss and prevent retinal morphology and function defects associated with EAAC1 deletion. We also explored the molecular mechanisms underlying EAAC1 deletion‐induced RGC degeneration and the neuroprotective effects of melatonin. Our RNA sequencing and in vivo data indicated EAAC1 deletion caused elevated oxidative stress, activation of apoptosis and cellular senescence pathways, and neuroinflammation in RGCs. However, melatonin administration efficiently prevented these detrimental effects. Furthermore, we investigated the potential role of apoptosis‐ and senescence‐related redox‐sensitive factors in EAAC1 deletion‐induced RGCs degeneration and the neuroprotective effects of melatonin administration. We observed remarkable upregulation of p53, whereas NRF2 and Sirt1 expression were significantly decreased in EAAC1−/− mice, which were prevented by melatonin treatment, suggesting that melatonin exerted its neuroprotective effects possibly through modulating NRF2/p53/Sirt1 redox‐sensitive signaling pathways. Overall, our study provided a solid foundation for the application of melatonin in the management of NTG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Acral melanoma, the most common subtype of melanoma in Asians, is often diagnosed at an advanced stage and responds poorly to current programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) inhibitors. Objectives: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of TQB2450 and anlotinib in patients with advanced acral melanoma in a phase Ib study (NCT03991975). Methods: Patients received TQB2450 (1200 mg every 3 weeks) and anlotinib (10 mg or 12 mg once daily, 2‐week on/1‐week off) in the dose‐escalation and dose‐expansion phases. The primary endpoints were dose‐limiting toxicity (DLT), maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and objective response rate (ORR). Results: Nineteen patients were enrolled between June 2019 and June 2022. The majority of patients (16 of 19 patients) received anlotinib and TQB2450 as first‐line treatment. No DLTs were observed, and MTD was not reached. Eighteen (94.7%) out of 19 patients experienced treatment‐related adverse events (TRAEs), but most were grade 1 or 2. Grade 3 or greater TRAEs occurred in seven patients (36.8%). The ORR was 26.3% (two complete responses and three partial responses). The disease control rate was 73.7%. The median duration of response was 30.3 months [95% confidence interval (CI): 5.8–NA]. The median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 5.5 months (95% CI: 2.8–NA), and median overall survival was 20.3 months (95% CI: 14.8–NA). Whole‐exome sequencing suggested that acquired drug resistance might be attributed to activation of the MAPK signalling pathway and transformation to an immunosuppressive tumour environment. Conclusions: TQB2450 combined with anlotinib showed favourable tolerance and promising anti‐tumour activity with a prolonged PFS compared with anti‐PD1 monotherapy in patients with advanced acral melanoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study was to synthesize the self‐management theory, model and frameworks of patients with chronic heart failure, focusing on construction process, methods and existing problems. Background: Although the self‐management theories have been created and verified for those patients with chronic heart failure, no reviews have been performed to integrate these theories. Design: A scoping review of recent literature (without a date limit) was conducted. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed. If the study reported the construction of a self‐management theory, model or framework about chronic heart failure cases, it would be included in the review. Results: Fourteen studies were included, which could be categorized into situation‐specific theory, middle‐range theory and other theory models (including conceptual model, hypothetic regression model and identity description model). It also includes the update and validation of theories, the situation‐specific theoretical of caregiver contributions extended from situation‐specific theories and the nurse‐led situation‐specific theory in different contexts. Conclusion: Self‐management might contribute to start an education programme before patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) begin their chronic disease live as an individual. Our scoping review indicates that a series of self‐management theories, models and frameworks for CHF patients have been developed, but more studies are still needed to validate and support these theories according to their cultural contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address the issues of low ratio of evanescent field (γ) and high reflectivity between waveguide cross‐section and gas for the mid‐infrared waveguide sensors, we propose a chalcogenide (ChG) suspended waveguide with Ge28Sb12Se60 as the core layer and silica (SiO2) as the buffer layer. The SiO2 beneath the waveguide core ridge structure is removed to create suspended structure. The waveguide sensing performance is obtained using a 10% methane (CH4) sample. The fabricated waveguide exhibits a γ of 112%, which is a 10% improvement compared to a free‐space optical sensor with the same optical path length. The good agreement between the theoretical and experimental results of γ confirms the reliability of our theoretical investigation approach. The influences of fabrication error, environmental temperature, and pressure on sensing performances are discussed. This work provides theoretical guidance for designing waveguide structures with large γ, contributing to the further enhancement of on‐chip sensor performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]