Self‐management theories, models and frameworks in patients with chronic heart failure: A scoping review.

Aim: The aim of this study was to synthesize the self‐management theory, model and frameworks of patients with chronic heart failure, focusing on construction process, methods and existing problems. Background: Although the self‐management theories have been created and verified for those patients with chronic heart failure, no reviews have been performed to integrate these theories. Design: A scoping review of recent literature (without a date limit) was conducted. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was performed. If the study reported the construction of a self‐management theory, model or framework about chronic heart failure cases, it would be included in the review. Results: Fourteen studies were included, which could be categorized into situation‐specific theory, middle‐range theory and other theory models (including conceptual model, hypothetic regression model and identity description model). It also includes the update and validation of theories, the situation‐specific theoretical of caregiver contributions extended from situation‐specific theories and the nurse‐led situation‐specific theory in different contexts. Conclusion: Self‐management might contribute to start an education programme before patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) begin their chronic disease live as an individual. Our scoping review indicates that a series of self‐management theories, models and frameworks for CHF patients have been developed, but more studies are still needed to validate and support these theories according to their cultural contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]