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Background: The detection of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) is of interest because of their importance in the pathogenesis of arterial or venous thrombosis. They could be a "second hit" of an inflammatory event such as infection. The aim of our study was to assess the performance of antiphospholipid antibody biomarker to predict in-hospital mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) septic patients.Methods: We conducted a prospective single-center observational study including consecutive critically ill septic adults admitted to the intensive care unit. Clinical and laboratory data including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for antiphospholipid antibodies (anticardiolipin (aCL), antiphosphatidylserine (aPS)) were obtained. Blood samples were collected on days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 10 of hospitalization. The primary study endpoint was ICU mortality defined as death before ICU discharge. Secondary end points included correlation between SOFA score and biological parameters.Results: A total of 53 patients were enrolled. 18.8% of patients were aPL positive. In-hospital mortality rate was 60%. Multivariate analysis showed that age and aCL at days 3 and 5 along with SOFA at day 3 were independent outcome predictors. A significant positive correlation existed between SOFA at days 3, 5, and 8 and antiphospholipid antibody concentrations.Conclusions: Our data showed that antiphospholipid was useful biomarkers for the prediction of mortality in critically ill septic patients. We found a positive correlation between SOFA score and antiphospholipid antibodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To compare the curative effect of intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide and aflibercept on diabetic retinopathy (DR) cystoid macular edema. Methods A total of 102 patients with DR cystoid macular edema admitted to the hospital were enrolled between July 2018 and July 2021. According to random number table method, they were divided into the control group (intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide) and the observation group (intravitreal injection of aflibercept), 51 cases in each group. All were followed up for half a year. The clinical curative effect, visual acuity, central subfield macular thickness (CSMT), macular volume, scores of quality of life, and levels of cytokines in aqueous humor (vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), human angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4)] at different time points (before and at 6 months after surgery) were compared between the two groups. The times of drugs injection and occurrence of adverse reactions in both groups were statistically analyzed. Results The total effective rate in observation group was higher than that in the control group (96.08% vs 82.35%) (P < 0.05). After 6 months of treatment, visual acuity was improved, and CSMT and macular volume were decreased in both groups. Also, the above changes were more significant in the observation group than those in the control group (P < 0.05). After 6 months of treatment, levels of cytokines in aqueous humor were decreased in both groups. The levels of VEGF, MCP-1, and ANGPTL4 in observation group were lower than those in the control group (P < 0.05). After 6 months of treatment, quality of life scores in observation group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). In the follow-up period, average times of drugs injection in the observation group were more than those in the control group, and the incidence of adverse reactions was lower than that in control group (5.88% vs 21.57%) (P < 0.05). Conclusion The curative effect of intravitreal injection of both triamcinolone acetonide and aflibercept is good on DR cystoid macular edema. The curative effect of aflibercept is better, which can improve visual acuity and quality of life, and regulate cytokines in aqueous humor, with high safety. However, aflibercept has a high price, and further research is needed to determine whether its price can be matched with clinical benefits. In clinic, medication plan should be selected according to the actual situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient and attractive Co/organophotoredox dual catalysis protocol has been developed allowing the stereoselective access to a wide variety of syn‐configured 1,3‐diols featuring quaternary carbon centers. The synthesis of the target molecules is achieved under ambient reaction conditions using modular and accessible reagents, substituted vinyl cyclic carbonates and aldehydes, and in short reaction times. Mechanistic control experiments suggest that the stereoselectivity can be rationalized via a preferred Zimmerman–Traxler transition state comprising a Co(allyl) species and an activated aldehyde. This newly developed process thus expands the use of base metal catalysis in the construction of challenging quaternary carbon stereocenters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of this study is to evaluate dysfunctional high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) by measuring myeloperoxidase (MPO)/paraoxonase 1 (PON1) ratio in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to investigate the relationship between dysfunctional HDL and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in RA patients. Methods: Sixty‐seven healthy individuals and 130 RA patients were included in the study. Routine lipid panels (triglyceride (TG), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), HDL, total cholesterol (TC), PON1 and MPO levels were measured. Disease activity scores‐28 (DAS28) of RA patients were calculated. Cardiological examination records of the patients were assessed to detect patients who also have CVD. Results: There were no significant differences between RA and control groups in routine lipid profiles (P >.05 for all). MPO/PON1 ratios were significantly elevated in the RA group compared with the control group (P <.001). MPO/PON1 ratios were higher in RA patients with CVD history compared with those without CVD (P <.05). MPO/PON1 ratios were correlated with DAS28 scores (rho: 0.357, P <.001). Conclusion: HDL dysfunction determined by the MPO/PON1 ratio may be associated with the pathophysiology of increased CVD in RA. Thus, evaluating dysfunctional HDL levels by measuring the MPO/PON1 ratio in RA patients may allow more detailed patient follow‐up, as well as the reduction of CVD events in RA patients with therapeutic agents aiming to increase the functional properties of HDL by decreasing this ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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A new titanium(III)-catalyzed reductive annulation constructed a series of diversely functionalized 1,5-diols in good to excellent yields with respect to a wide scope of vinyl epoxide-aldehyde substrates. Taken together with a Diels-Alder reaction and a substrate-controlled diastereoselective cyclopropanation as additional key steps, the synthetic utility of this novel method has been preliminarily explored by the first and concise total synthesis of the Euphorbia diterpenoid (±)-pepluanol A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel [3+2] cycloaddition between a variety of cyclic ketones and diverse olefins or alkynes can be effectively promoted by copper in combination with the tri- tert-butylphosphine [P( tBu)3] ligand. This protocol exhibits excellent selectivity and provides an exemplary set of fused heterocycles in good to excellent yields. Present strategy also represents an extremely simple and atom-economic way to construct substituted fused furans and naphthofurans from readily available starting materials under mild reaction conditions. The utility of the method is further demonstrated by the synthesis of chiral furans from ( R)-(−)-carvone and ( S)-(+)-carvone. A plausible mechanism involving the oxidative radical cyclization has been suggested based on experimental observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A convenient and efficient regioselective synthesis of phosphorylated 3-(β-hydroxy)allenes by an atom economical [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of the mediated propargyl phosphite or phosphinite which can be readily prepared via reaction of protected 5-(tetrahydro-2 H-pyran-2-yloxy)-hex-1-yn-3-ol with dimethyl chlorophosphite or chlorodiphenyl phosphine, respectively, is described. This paper discusses a reaction of phosphorylated 3-(β-hydroxy)allenes with protected or unprotected hydroxy group involving 5- endo-trig cyclization or 2,3-addition. Reaction of 3-(β-hydroxy)allenephosphonates with electrophiles that produces 2-oxo-2,5-dihydro-1,2-oxaphospholes due to the participation of the phosphonate neighboring group in the cyclization is described. On the other hand, 5-hydroxyhex-(1 E)-enyl phosphine oxides were prepared by chemo-, regio-, and stereoselective electrophilic addition to the C2-C3 double bond in the allenyl phosphine oxides and subsequent attack of the external (chloride anion) nucleophile. Phosphorylated 3-(β-hydroxy)allenes were smoothly converted into the corresponding 2-phosphoryl-5,6-dihydro-2 H-pyrans by using 5 mol % of coinage metal salt as catalyst in 6- endo-trig cycloisomerization reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have developed a one-step synthesis of 5,6-dicyano-7-(diphenylvinyl)-7 H-benzo[ c]fluorenes, starting from easily accessible tetraaryl[3]cumulenes and 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ). In the proposed mechanism, this transformation is initiated by single-electron transfer from the cumulene to DDQ with subsequent ring closure. In the next step, [4+2] cycloaddition of an additional DDQ molecule is followed by transformation of the formed cycloadducts, which provides new 5,6-dicyanobenzo[ c]fluorene derivatives in fair to good yields. Isolated intermediates and time-resolved EPR spectroscopy measurements support our mechanistic proposal. Furthermore, X-ray crystallographic proof for the postulated structures as well as for the reaction intermediates is provided. The optoelectronic properties of these new chromophores were derived from UV/Vis spectroscopy, electrochemical, and computational studies. Additionally, the aromaticity of the new polycyclic aromatic backbone was analyzed by using nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS)- XY-scans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The evaluation of oxidative burst is particularly relevant in many pathological and subclinical conditions. Flow cytometry provides quick and accurate measures of the reactive oxygen species production by leukocytes in most situations. However, spurious results, related to probes' efflux may be observed in several instances. Many factors affect the evaluation of the oxidative burst with fluorescent probes that require intracellular deacetylation and could be substrate of the multidrug resistance proteins (MDR). After discussing the implications of the efflux of fluorophores in the normalization strategies in flow cytometry assays, we have pointed out the possible interference of flavonoids with fluorescet probes' staining and signal. We have also reviewed the results from human intervention studies regarding the evaluation of oxidative burst with these probes. In vitro, at concentrations close to post-ingestion circulating levels, some flavonoids and their metabolites could interfere with probes' staining and fluorescence signal through different mechanisms, such as the inhibition of esterases, the modulation of the MDR-mediate efflux of probe and the inhibition of the oxidation of probe. These effects may explain the contrasting results obtained by human intervention studies. Finally, also inflammatory state or the use of drugs substrate of MDR proteins could affect the evaluation of the oxidative burst with intracellular probes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silver-catalyzed three-component, tandem reactions of 4-alkynyl-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carbaldehydes, amines and various nucleophiles result in the formation of highly functionalized chromeno[3,4-c]pyridin-5-ones in high yields. Gold-catalyzed [4+2] cycloadditions of 4-alkynyl-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carbaldehydes with alkynes or alkenes have also been achieved to afford benzo[c]chromen-6-ones efficiently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document provides the abstracts of papers presented at the 2013 Annual Meeting of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) which cover topics such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus and innate immunity.

The three carbon atoms of allene moieties allow unique transformations and rapid generation of complexity. Not surprisingly, allenes became extremely versatile building blocks in organic synthesis. Transition-metal-catalyzed reactions of these cumulene π-systems have been particularly successful, and many applications in the synthesis of complex products have been reported. This review summarizes the palladium-catalyzed transformation of allenes published during the last decade. Many of the examples presented are impressive multicomponent processes or cascade reactions involving two or more steps leading to molecular complexity in simple one-pot operations. Consequently, several reactions have been developed with the goal of delivering new synthetic routes to natural products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]