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Key Clinical Message: This case emphasizes the need for early recognition and accurate diagnosis of achalasia in young adults to avoid exacerbation of the condition and misdiagnosis as GERD. Patient outcomes and quality of life are greatly enhanced by suitable diagnostic techniques, appropriate therapy, interdisciplinary care, and comprehensive patient education along with frequent follow‐ups. Achalasia results from the degeneration of inhibitory ganglion cells within the esophageal myenteric plexus and the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), leading to a loss of inhibitory neurons and resulting in the absence of peristalsis with failure of LES relaxation. Its origins are multifactorial, potentially involving infections, autoimmune responses, and genetics, with equal incidence in males and females. The hallmark symptoms include progressive dysphagia for solids and liquids, along with regurgitation, heartburn, and non‐cardiac chest pain. A 22‐year‐old female patient initially diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) received proton pump inhibitors and antacid gel for persistent dysphagia and regurgitation. Subsequent tests including barium esophagogram and manometry indicated Type II Achalasia Cardia. The patient showed clinical improvement with relief of dysphagia, regurgitation, and heartburn symptoms after pneumatic balloon dilatation (PBD). She was advised to follow up after 6 months with upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy and manometry in the outpatient clinic for regular endoscopic surveillance as there is a risk of transformation to esophageal carcinoma. Diagnosing achalasia in young adults poses challenges due to its diverse presentation and resemblance to other esophageal disorders like GERD. Diagnosis relies on clinical symptoms and imaging studies such as barium esophagogram revealing a bird's beak appearance and esophageal manometry showing absent peristalsis. UGI endoscopy is needed to rule out malignancy. Treatment options include non‐surgical approaches like medication and Botox injections, as well as surgical methods such as pneumatic balloon dilation, laparoscopic Heller myotomy, and per‐oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM). The treatment options depend upon the patient's condition at presentation and their individual choices. This case report emphasizes that it is crucial to consider achalasia as a potential differential diagnosis in young adults with dysphagia, especially if conventional treatments for acid peptic disorder do not alleviate symptoms. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate management can lead to significant clinical improvement and better patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Be aware of potential severe interactions between aged honey containing grayanotoxins and alcohol. Such combinations can exacerbate symptoms like syncope and hypotension, especially in elderly patients with pre‐existing conditions, necessitating careful evaluation and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Methods Results Conclusion Pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) is a highly complex, invasive, and costly surgical procedure. Limited evidence on the PD volume‐cost relationship in countries with a low population density exists. This study aimed to investigate this issue in Australia.This retrospective cohort study included pancreatic cancer patients who had a PD at any public hospital in New South Wales, Australia between 2016 and 2019. The primary outcome was the total hospital cost during PD admission (not including patient financial burden). Study hospitals were grouped into low‐volume hospitals (LVHs; <10 PDs per annum) or high‐volume hospitals (HVHs). Multivariable modelling was applied to examine the association between volume and cost.Of 443 PDs, the median total hospital cost per patient at HVHs was AU$55398; significantly lower than that at LVHs (AU$62859; P = 0.001). After adjusting for available patient and clinical factors, the total cost per patient at LVHs was 22% higher than that of HVHs (adjusted estimate: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.08–1.37; P = 0.002). Similar patterns were found in three main cost components: 24% higher employee cost at LVHs than at HVHs (1.24, 95% CI: 1.10–1.41; P < 0.001), 15% higher operating cost (1.15, 95% CI: 1.00–1.31; P = 0.047), and 31% higher other costs (1.31, 95% CI: 1.12–1.53; P < 0.001).Performance of PDs at HVHs was associated with substantially lower hospital costs. Our findings demonstrate the likely economic benefit of centralizing PDs in countries with a relatively low population density. Future studies should investigate related patient financial burdens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth.; RP) is an important perennial forage legume in the US Gulf Coast region, but it is vegetatively propagated from rhizomes and relatively slow to establish. There are reports that N fertilization enhances RP establishment, but other evidence suggests plant N content and establishment rate may not benefit. Understanding the effect of N fertilizer on RP biological N2 fixation will help elucidate this response. Our objective was to determine the effect of RP genotype and N fertilization during shoot emergence on N2 fixation and N accumulation during the year of planting. Replicated field experiments were conducted in adjoining fields; one was planted in 2016 and the other in 2017. Treatments were the factorial combinations of two RP entries (decumbent germplasm Ecoturf and upright cultivar 'UF Tito') and three N rates (0, 40, and 80 kg N ha−1 applied 10 wk after planting; 1% of total N as 15N) arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Across N rates, upright cultivar UF Tito generally had greater N concentration and content in aboveground and belowground plant parts compared with decumbent germplasm Ecoturf. Nitrogen fertilization generally reduced the percentage of N derived from atmosphere and the amount of fixed N (BNF) during the year of planting, but it did not affect overall N concentration or content. These data suggest RP increased soil N uptake to compensate for reduced BNF following N fertilization, indicating starter N application had no measurable benefit for legume establishment under these conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose an empirical framework for asymmetric Cournot oligopoly with private information about variable costs. First, considering a linear demand for a homogeneous product with a random intercept, we characterize the Bayesian Cournot–Nash equilibrium. Then we establish the identification of the joint distribution of demand and firm‐specific cost distributions. Following the identification steps, we propose a likelihood‐based estimation method and apply it to the global market for crude oil and quantify the welfare effect of private information. We also consider extensions of the model to include product differentiation, conduct parameters, nonlinear demand, or selective entry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After days of intense solar activity, active region AR3664 launched seven CMEs toward Earth producing an extreme G5 geomagnetic storm commencing at 17:05 UT on 10 May 2024. The storm impacted power grids, disrupted precision navigational systems used by farming equipment, and generated aurora seen around the globe. The storm produced remarkable effects on composition, temperature, and dynamics in the Earth's thermosphere that were observed by NASA's Global‐scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission and are reported here for the first time. We use synoptic disk images of ΣO/N2 and neutral temperature (at ∼160 km) measured by GOLD to directly link dynamics resulting from the storm with dramatic changes in thermospheric composition and temperature. We observe a heretofore unseen spatial morphology simultaneously in ΣO/N2, neutral temperature, and total electron content. Equator‐to‐pole temperature differences reach 400 K with high latitude peak neutral temperatures near 160 km exceeding 1400 K. Plain Language Summary: On Saturday 10 May 2024, the sun launched a wave of energized plasma toward the Earth. A large disturbance in the Earth's magnetic field associated with the solar wind resulted in an extreme geomagnetic storm. The storm impacted power grids, disrupted navigational systems used by farming equipment, and produced aurora seen around the globe. The storm produced remarkable effects in the Earth's upper atmosphere that were observed by NASA's Global‐scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission. In this letter, we use images measured by GOLD to directly link atmospheric dynamics resulting from the May 10–12 superstorm with dramatic changes in composition, temperature, and global circulation in the Earth's upper atmosphere. We observe previously unseen structure in the upper atmosphere associated with equator‐to‐pole temperature differences exceeding 400 K. Peak neutral temperatures near 160 km exceed 1400 K at high latitudes. Key Points: GOLD disk images of ΣO/N2 and neutral temperature link storm time dynamics with changes in thermospheric composition and temperatureWe observe a previously unseen spatial morphology in ΣO/N2, neutral temperature, and total electron contentPeak equator‐to‐pole temperature differences exceed 400 K but relax to pre‐storm conditions well before ΣO/N2 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypopharyngeal cancer is a disease that is associated with EGFR‐mutated lung adenocarcinoma. Here we utilized a bioinformatics approach to identify genetic commonalities between these two diseases. To this end, we examined microarray datasets from GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) to identify differentially expressed genes, common genes, and hub genes between the selected two diseases. Our analyses identified potential therapeutic molecules for the selected diseases based on 10 hub genes with the highest interactions according to the degree topology method and the maximum clique centrality (MCC). These therapeutic molecules may have the potential for simultaneous treatment of these diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite substantial economic growth in Lao People's Democratic Republic (PDR) over the past 20 years, high levels of income inequality and poverty persist and have likely been exacerbated by the COVID‐19 pandemic. In this article, we use novel survey data to assess the extent to which socioeconomic status is associated with access to quality care in Lao PDR. Methods: We utilised data from the Lao People's Voice Survey (PVS), which was designed to measure health system performance from the perspective of the population. The survey was conducted between May and August 2022. Primary outcomes of interest were having a usual source of healthcare, using a government health centre (rather than a hospital or private clinic) as the usual source for care, receiving preventive health services, experiencing unmet healthcare needs, the quality of recent healthcare visit, and confidence in accessing and affording healthcare when needed. Poverty was measured using household asset ownership. We used logit models to assess the associations between poverty and health system performance measures, and additionally assessed differences between these associations in urban vs. rural areas by interacting urban residence with poverty. Results: Poverty was negatively associated with having a regular provider for care (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.45, 95% CI 0.26–0.78), receiving preventive health services (aOR 0.54, 95% CI 0.37–0.80), and confidence in the ability to receive care (aOR 0.50, 95% CI 0.34–0.72) and afford care (aOR 0.50, 95% CI 0.34–0.73) when needed. Poverty was positively associated with using government managed health centres as a usual source or for care (aOR 2.16, 95% CI 1.35–3.48). Poverty was not significantly associated with user experience or perceived quality of care in the last visit to the health facility. No differences in the associations between poverty and access to quality care were found between rural and urban settings. Conclusions: The results presented in this article suggest socioeconomic disparities in health care access in Lao PDR despite major national efforts to provide universal access to care. Universal health care policies may not be reaching the poor and additional targeted efforts may be needed to meet their healthcare needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ticks produce chemokine‐binding proteins, known as evasins, in their saliva to subvert the host's immune response. Evasins bind to chemokines and thereby inhibit the activation of their cognate chemokine receptors, thus suppressing leukocyte recruitment and inflammation. We recently described subclass A3 evasins, which, like other class A evasins, exclusively target CC chemokines but appear to use a different binding site architecture to control target selectivity among CC chemokines. We now describe the structural basis of chemokine recognition by the class A3 evasin EVA‐ACA1001. EVA‐ACA1001 binds to almost all human CC chemokines and inhibits receptor activation. Truncation mutants of EVA‐ACA1001 showed that, unlike class A1 evasins, both the N‐ and C‐termini of EVA‐ACA1001 play minimal roles in chemokine binding. To understand the structural basis of its broad chemokine recognition, we determined the crystal structure of EVA‐ACA1001 in complex with the human chemokine CCL16. EVA‐ACA1001 forms backbone‐backbone interactions with the CC motif of CCL16, a conserved feature of all class A evasin‐chemokine complexes. A hydrophobic pocket in EVA‐ACA1001, formed by several aromatic side chains and the unique disulfide bond of class A3 evasins, accommodates the residue immediately following the CC motif (the "CC + 1 residue") of CCL16. This interaction is shared with EVA‐AAM1001, the only other class A3 evasins characterized to date, suggesting it may represent a common mechanism that accounts for the broad recognition of CC chemokines by class A3 evasins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Observations of far‐ultraviolet (FUV) dayglow by the Global‐scale Observations of Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission provide an opportunity for quantifying the global‐scale response of the thermosphere to solar extreme‐ultraviolet variability and geomagnetic activity. Relative temperature changes can be measured by monitoring changes in the rotational structure observed in molecular nitrogen Lyman‐Birge‐Hopfield (LBH) band emissions. We present a new technique for deriving effective neutral temperatures from GOLD FUV observations using optimal estimation fits to spectra containing LBH band emissions. We provide an overview of the theoretical basis for the GOLD Level 2 TDISK algorithm. Effects on derived effective neutral temperatures from instrument artifacts and particle background are reviewed. We also discuss GOLD Level 1C DAY and Level 2 TDISK data products and present representative examples of each. We show that effective neutral temperatures vary with local time, exhibit a strong dependence on season and solar zenith angle, and correlate strongly with geomagnetic and solar activity. Finally, we present results from a preliminary data product validation that show good agreement with coincident GOLD exospheric temperatures and predictions from a global reference atmospheric model. Plain Language Summary: Observations of the Earth's daytime ultraviolet emission by the Global‐scale Observations of Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission provide an opportunity to determine how geomagnetic activity alters the temperature of Earth's upper atmosphere and enable us to quantify the global‐scale response of the middle thermosphere to solar variability. We provide an overview of the GOLD upper atmosphere neutral temperature data product and present representative measurement examples. We show that derived temperatures vary with local time, exhibit a strong seasonal dependence, correlate strongly with geomagnetic and solar activity, and show good agreement with coincident GOLD exospheric temperatures and atmospheric model predictions. Key Points: Neutral temperatures derived from binned spectra of far ultraviolet emission observed by the Global‐scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) instrument are presentedNeutral temperatures vary with local time, show a strong seasonal dependence, and correlate strongly with geomagnetic and solar activityA preliminary validation shows good agreement with coincident GOLD exospheric temperatures and a global reference atmospheric model [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Unlike most cases, the lesions were localized to the dorsum of the hand, lacked pruritus (itching), and did not exhibit "sperm‐like blood vessels," which are typically pathognomonic to classical MF. The study presents a rare case involving a 44‐year‐old woman who developed a skin condition on the base of her left thumb. Initially misdiagnosed as pigmented purpura, the need for further investigation arose to determine the nature of the condition accurately. The medical evaluation encompassed a comprehensive analysis of the patient's skin ailment. A series of diagnostic examinations were conducted to ascertain the underlying cause. Although routine blood tests yielded unremarkable results, the distinct characteristics of the rash prompted a more thorough investigation. Subsequent assessment revealed that the skin condition was not pigmented purpura, as initially presumed, but rather a manifestation of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL) known as mycosis fungoides (MF). MF is an infrequent lymphoma predominantly affecting individuals aged 45–65, exhibiting a male‐to‐female sex ratio of 2:1. The annual incidence of MF ranges from 0.3 to 0.96 cases per 100,000 individuals. The woman's skin exhibited discrete patches adorned with colored dots, progressively thickening and pigmentation. Notably, the absence of pruritus did not dispel suspicion. This case underscores the significance of accurately diagnosing uncommon dermatological disorders to facilitate appropriate medical intervention. The unique appearance of the rash and its distinctive features, despite normal blood results, enabled the identification of MF. The patient's treatment encompassed a combination of steroids and narrowband UV therapy. Vigilance, continued research, and heightened awareness are paramount for early intervention and improved patient outcomes. Such efforts contribute to an enhanced understanding of the complexities of this condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study developed an analytical framework enabling a better understanding of the relationship between accountability and public trust through the moderation effect of public participation. To test the relationship empirically, a cross‐sectional survey was conducted in three local governments of two provinces in Nepal. The results demonstrated that the constructs of transparency, responsiveness, and public participation were significant predictors of public trust in Nepal, whereas liability and controllability were not significant predictors. These findings suggest that trust in the government depended on the governmentʼs performance and cultural aspects of people in Nepal, with performance aspects being more influential. These findings have theoretical and practical implications. The study contributes to the "performance‐trust model" presented in the existing literature by adding the moderating effect of perceived public participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the middle of an ever‐changing landscape of diabetes care, precision medicine, and lifestyle therapies are becoming increasingly important. Dietary polyphenols are like hidden allies found in our everyday meals. These biomolecules, found commonly in fruits, vegetables, and various plant‐based sources, hold revolutionary potential within their molecular structure in the way we approach diabetes and its intimidating consequences. There are currently numerous types of diabetes medications, but they are not appropriate for all patients due to limitations in dosages, side effects, drug resistance, a lack of efficacy, and ethnicity. Currently, there has been increased interest in practicing herbal remedies to manage diabetes and its related complications. This article aims to summarize the potential of dietary polyphenols as a foundation in the treatment of diabetes and its associated consequences. We found that most polyphenols inhibit enzymes linked to diabetes. This review outlines the potential benefits of selected molecules, including kaempferol, catechins, rosmarinic acid, apigenin, chlorogenic acid, and caffeic acid, in managing diabetes mellitus as these compounds have exhibited promising results in in vitro, in vivo, in silico, and some preclinical trials study. This encompassing exploration reveals the multifaceted impact of polyphenols not only in mitigating diabetes but also in addressing associated conditions like inflammation, obesity, and even cancer. Their mechanisms involve antioxidant functions, immune modulation, and proinflammatory enzyme regulation. Furthermore, these molecules exhibit anti‐tumor activities, influence cellular pathways, and activate AMPK pathways, offering a less toxic, cost‐effective, and sustainable approach to addressing diabetes and its complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of complexity has become pivotal in multiple disciplines, including quantum information, where it serves as an alternative metric for gauging the chaotic evolution of a quantum state. This paper focuses on Krylov complexity, a specialized form of quantum complexity that offers an unambiguous and intrinsically meaningful assessment of the spread of a quantum state over all possible orthogonal bases. This study is situated in the context of Gaussian quantum states, which are fundamental to both Bosonic and Fermionic systems and can be fully described by a covariance matrix. While the covariance matrix is essential, it is insufficient alone for calculating Krylov complexity due to its lack of relative phase information is shown. The relative covariance matrix can provide an upper bound for Krylov complexity for Gaussian quantum states is suggested. The implications of Krylov complexity for theories proposing complexity as a candidate for holographic duality by computing Krylov complexity for the thermofield double States (TFD) and Dirac field are also explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A reliable understanding of linkages between meteorological, hydrological and agricultural droughts (MD, HD, and AD respectively) is crucial to building resilience and planning for future climate changes. Despite Australia being prone to severe droughts, lagtimes of propagation (and recovery), from meteorological to hydrological and agricultural droughts across its large hydroclimatic regions, are poorly understood. Therefore, we investigate the characteristics of drought propagation and recovery time lags for droughts of four timescales and a combination of drought onset and cessation criteria in 407 unregulated catchments within six major precipitation zones across the country. We find that the propagation and recovery lags depend on climatic conditions, drought criteria and timescales. The median of catchment average propagation times from MD to HD across Australia varied from 0.8 to 1.7 months for 1‐month timescales, increasing to 2.2–5.0 months for 12‐month timescales. The corresponding recovery lagtimes were 1.3–3.7 and 1.7–7.0 months respectively. Similarly, the median of catchment average propagation times from MD to AD ranged from 0.8 to 1.9 months for 1‐month timescales, increasing to 0.6–5.0 months for 12‐month. The corresponding recovery lagtimes were 0.7–2.8 and 0.3–8.7 months respectively. For droughts of smaller timescales, propagation and recovery lags are linearly correlated with recovery lagtimes consistently greater than propagation times. However, as the timescale increases, these relationships weaken suggesting effects of other catchment attributes (e.g., groundwater contributions) on lag relationships. Plain Language Summary: The primary focus of the research is to investigate the time delay between the occurrence of the lack of precipitation (meteorological droughts) and its subsequent impact on river flow (hydrological drought) and soil moisture (agricultural drought). Understanding these delays is crucial for drought planning and management. This study uses observed precipitation, river flow, and satellite‐based soil moisture data spanning over 40 years across six major precipitation zones within Australia. The delays between drought types (meteorological, hydrological, and agricultural) vary depending on the specific location within Australia. The criteria used to define the onset and end of droughts, as well as the drought duration, also influence the observed delays. The average delay from meteorological to hydrological or agricultural droughts increases with longer timescales. For example, hydrological droughts measured on 1‐month timescale have shorter delays (0.8–1.7 months), while 12‐month droughts have longer delays (2.2–5 months). Similarly, shorter droughts have shorter recovery times, while longer droughts have longer recovery times. For shorter timescale droughts, there is a clear relationship between the delays with end delays consistently greater than the start delays. However, as droughts become larger and more prolonged, the relationship weakens, suggesting the influence of other catchment attributes. Key Points: Drought propagation and recovery behaviors for a large sample of catchments under varied climatic zones within Australia are investigatedPropagation and recovery lag relationships are well‐defined for shorter droughts but are increasingly indefinable for longer droughtsPropagation (TP) and recovery lags (TR) depend on drought severity with shorter TP to milder droughts and longer TR to milder droughts [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Although it is very uncommon, SLE may initially present with recurrent episodes of EM‐like rash. Despite the various possibilities underlying their association, prompt identification, and treatment of SLE in patients presenting with EM is important to prevent death or serious organ damage. Rowell's syndrome (RS) is an uncommon presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with erythema multiforme (EM)‐like lesions associated with specific serological changes, including positive rheumatoid factor (RF), speckled antinuclear antibody (ANA), positive rheumatoid factor, or anti‐La antibodies in the serum. Our case, a 41‐year‐old male, presented with features of EM. Upon investigation, we identified underlying systemic lupus erythematosus, marking a rare instance of SLE presenting for the first time as EM. Classical or true EM is precipitated by trigger factors such as infective agents like the herpes simplex virus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, drugs like anticonvulsants, antibiotics, and non‐steroid anti‐inflammatory drugs, any underlying malignancy, or connective tissue disorders, and is not associated with any specific serological abnormalities. EM cases associated with LE lesions where an EM trigger factor is missing are considered an RS diagnostic criterion. In this case report, the importance of considering SLE in patients presenting initially with recurrent episodes of EM‐like rash is emphasized. RS should be considered, especially when there is no evidence of triggering factors. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment of SLE are crucial to preventing death and irreversible organ damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A unique phenomenon--A geomagnetically quiet time merging of Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) crests, leading to an X-pattern (EIA-X) around the magnetic equator--has been observed in the night-time ionospheric measurements by the Global-scale Observations of the Limb and Disk mission. The pattern is also reproduced in an ionospheric model that assimilates slant Total Electron Content from Global Navigation Satellite System and Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate 2. A free-running whole atmospheric general circulation model simulation reproduces a similar pattern. Due to the similarity between measurements and simulations, the latter is used to diagnose this heretofore unexplained phenomenon. The simulation shows that the EIA-X can occur during geomagnetically quiet conditions and in the afternoon to evening sector at a longitude where the vertical drift is downward. The downward vertical drift is a necessary but not sufficient condition. The simulation was performed under constant low-solar and quiescent-geomagnetic forcing conditions, therefore we conclude that EIA-X can be driven by lower-atmospheric forcing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Some studies have manifested the relationship between SLE and stroke. Therefore, it is very important to pay close attention to the diagnosis of SLE in recurring stroke. In our case, her recurrent stroke attack might be due to the undiagnosed cause of SLE. An ischemic stroke is a medical emergency condition which occurs when blood supply to part of the brain is blocked. Early action is needed; therefore, time is crucial. SLE is an autoimmune disease with multiple joint pain, fever, rashes, and organ damage. We report an old lady who was recently diagnosed with SLE with multiple stroke attack. Although she was diagnosed with SLE much later there was a suspicious about the possible mechanism for her recurrent ischemic stroke. She was given antiplatelet, antiepileptic, antihypertensive, and hydroxychloroquine medicines for the treatment. The neurological symptoms improved only after we provided physiotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Type V gastric ulcer is an unusual etiology of gastrosplenic fistula (GSF). Prompt diagnosis and early embolization of splenic vessels prior to esophagogastroduodenoscopy and surgical resection is crucial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information on prey selection and the diet of the leopard (Panthera pardus fusca) is essential for leopard conservation. We conducted an investigation into the prey species and the proportion of each species in the leopard's diet in a human‐dominated mid‐hill region of Nepal. The analysis of 96 leopard scats collected between August 2020 and March 2021 revealed that leopards consumed 15 prey species, including small‐ and medium‐sized mammals and livestock. In addition to these prey species, we also found plastic materials, bird feathers, and some unidentified items in the leopard scats. Wild ungulates (such as barking deer, Muntiacus muntjak and wild boar, Sus scrofa) constituted only 10% of the biomass in the scats, while livestock contributed 27%, and other wild prey contributed 50%. Among all species, domestic goats had the highest relative biomass in the scats, followed by the jungle cat (Felis chaus), domestic dog (Canis familiaris), and large Indian civet (Viverra zibetha). Similarly, the Indian hare (Lepus nigricollis) had the highest proportion of relative individuals present in the scat samples, followed by the jungle cat and the large Indian civet. A lower proportion of biomass from wild ungulates in the leopard's diet and a higher dependency of the leopard on domestic prey and other wild prey indicate a shortage of medium‐sized wild prey, such as barking deer and wild boar, in leopard habitats. Therefore, the conservation of wild prey species, especially medium‐sized prey, is crucial for reducing the leopard's dependence on livestock and mitigating human‐leopard conflicts in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, biodiversity is declining due to habitat loss and degradation, over‐exploitation, climate change, invasive species, pollution, and infrastructure development. These threats affect the populations of large waterbird species, such as Sarus crane (Grus antigone), which inhabits agricultural–wetland ecosystems. Despite the burgeoning built‐up areas and diminishing agricultural and wetland spaces, scant research investigates the impact of these changing land uses on the globally vulnerable Sarus crane in Nepal. During the pre‐breeding season from April to June 2023, our comprehensive study meticulously scrutinized Sarus crane population status and factors associated with the occurrences and conservation challenges across 10 specific districts of Nepal. Our study documented a total of 690 individuals of Sarus cranes in five districts. The Lumbini Province has 685 individuals, occupying 11 roosting sites. Conversely, the remaining five districts have no Sarus cranes presence during this period. Wetland, farmland and built‐up areas exhibited a significantly positive influence on Sarus crane occurrences in the Lumbini Province. Additionally, we recorded 47 fatalities of Sarus cranes over the past 13 years in the Lumbini Province due to electrocution and collisions. Our study provides a baseline dataset crucial for developing conservation policies, particularly during the dry season when Sarus crane populations tend to congregate in larger flocks. The adaptation of the Sarus crane to urbanized landscapes exposes them to several anthropogenic threats in the coming days. Therefore, protecting wetlands and farmland areas and adopting transboundary conservation approaches are imperative for the long‐term conservation of the Sarus crane and its habitat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In this article, we demonstrated the minimum significant dielectric thickness of silicon dioxide (SiO2) below the diffraction limit for the confinement in the metal–insulator–metal (MIM) waveguide and utilizing this idea, we further exhibited the detail design analysis of dual‐band plasmonic meandering step impedance resonator (MSIR), which can achieve a high quality‐factor compared to a traditional step impedance resonator (SIR). MSIRs have sharper wavelength selectivity compared to SIRs, making them more suitable for applications that require precise wavelength tuning. The tunability of reflection and transmission characteristics with respect to design parameters has been reported. The designed MSIR has demonstrated a good passband response at wavelengths λ = 1414‐nm (E‐band) and 1577‐nm (L‐band) as well as turnability with design parameters. This filter achieved a large frequency spectral range of 139 nm and a high Q factor of ~3 × 104. This work enhances the capability of on‐chip filtering in the plasmonic platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This case report discusses the rare coexistence of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) in a 46‐year‐old female patient, challenging the conventional understanding of their distinct presentations. The patient exhibited migratory joint pains, palpitations, and shortness of breath. Diagnostic investigations confirmed SLE based on EULAR/ACR criteria, with positive anti‐nuclear and anti‐dsDNA antibodies. Concurrently, transthoracic echocardiography revealed severe mitral stenosis and regurgitation, leading to the diagnosis of RHD. The patient underwent successful open‐heart surgery with mitral valve replacement. The discussion explores the rarity of this coexistence, emphasizing the need for cautious consideration and further research into potential immunological overlaps between SLE and RHD. The report concludes with a call for comprehensive studies to enhance our understanding of the pathophysiology connecting these two conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lipid biosynthesis is recently studied its functions in a range of cellular physiology including differentiation and regeneration. However, it still remains to be elucidated in its precise function. To reveal this, we evaluated the roles of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signaling in alveolar bone formation using the LPA type 2 receptor (LPAR2) antagonist AMG‐35 (Amgen Compound 35) using tooth loss without periodontal disease model which would be caused by trauma and usually requires a dental implant to restore masticatory function. In this study, in vitro cell culture experiments in osteoblasts and periodontal ligament fibroblasts revealed cell type‐specific responses, with AMG‐35 modulating osteogenic differentiation in osteoblasts in vitro. To confirm the in vivo results, we employed a mouse model of tooth loss without periodontal disease. Five to 10 days after tooth extraction, AMG‐35 facilitated bone formation in the tooth root socket as measured by immunohistochemistry for differentiation markers KI67, Osteocalcin, Periostin, RUNX2, transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF‐β1) and SMAD2/3. The increased expression and the localization of these proteins suggest that AMG‐35 elicits osteoblast differentiation through TGF‐β1 and SMAD2/3 signaling. These results indicate that LPAR2/TGF‐β1/SMAD2/3 represents a new signaling pathway in alveolar bone formation and that local application of AMG‐35 in traumatic tooth loss can be used to facilitate bone regeneration and healing for further clinical treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the overarching goal of improving the photooxidative stability of organic components used in photovoltaic devices is addressed, focusing on the common problem of degradation mediated by singlet molecular oxygen. Through a systematic exploration of boron subphthalocyanines (SubPcs), the influence of donor and acceptor substituents on the SubPc's redox properties has been examined, including the SubPc's ability to (1) act as a photosensitizer for singlet oxygen generation and (2) deactivate singlet oxygen are examined. How singlet oxygen formation and removal are influenced by linking together three SubPcs in a compact structure and by linking a SubPc to another molecular unit of relevance for organic photovoltaics (indenofluorene‐extended tetrathiafulvalene) is also examined. Synthetic protocols rooted in acetylenic scaffolding, experimental and computational structure–property relationships (optical and redox properties, singlet oxygen quantum yields, and removal kinetics), and characteristics of a functional photovoltaic device using a SubPc molecule are presented, demonstrating that cyano functionalization results in remarkably enhanced organic photovoltaic device stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alzheimer's disease, often known as dementia, is a severe neurodegenerative disorder that causes irreversible memory loss by destroying brain cells. People die because there is no specific treatment for this disease. Alzheimer's is most common among seniors 65 years and older. However, the progress of this disease can be reduced if it can be diagnosed earlier. Recently, artificial intelligence has instilled hope in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease by performing sophisticated analyses on extensive patient datasets, enabling the identification of subtle patterns that may elude human experts. Researchers have investigated various deep learning and machine learning models to diagnose this disease at an early stage using image datasets. In this paper, a new Deep learning (DL) methodology is proposed, where MRI images are fed into the model after applying various pre‐processing techniques. The proposed Alzheimer's disease detection approach adopts transfer learning for multi‐class classification using brain MRIs. The MRI Images are classified into four categories: mild dementia (MD), moderate dementia (MOD), very mild dementia (VMD), and non‐dementia (ND). The model is implemented and extensive performance analysis is performed. The finding shows that the model obtains 97.31% accuracy. The model outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art models in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, and F‐score. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cytochrome P450s belong to a family of heme‐binding monooxygenases, which catalyze regio‐ and stereospecific functionalisation of C–H, C–C, and C–N bonds, including heteroatom oxidation, oxidative C–C bond cleavages, and nitrene transfer. P450s are considered useful biocatalysts for the production of pharmaceutical products, fine chemicals, and bioremediating agents. Despite having tremendous biotechnological potential, being heme‐monooxygenases, P450s require either autologous or heterologous redox partner(s) to perform chemical transformations. Randomly distributed P450s throughout a bacterial genome and devoid of particular redox partners in natural products biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) showed an extra challenge to reveal their pharmaceutical potential. However, continuous efforts have been made to understand their involvement in antibiotic biosynthesis and their modification, and this review focused on such BGCs. Here, particularly, we have discussed the role of P450s involved in the production of macrolides and aminocoumarin antibiotics, nonribosomal peptide (NRPSs) antibiotics, ribosomally synthesized and post‐translationally modified peptide (RiPPs) antibiotics, and others. Several reactions catalyzed by P450s, as well as the role of their redox partners involved in the BGCs of various antibiotics and their derivatives, have been primarily addressed in this review, which would be useful in further exploration of P450s for the biosynthesis of new therapeutics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Immediate thrombolysis in submassive pulmonary embolism on the basis of bedside echocardiography can be a lifesaving decision in areas where computed tomography (CT) pulmonary angiogram is not readily available. Bedside echocardiography can be a rapid diagnostic and decision‐making tool for immediate thrombolysis in submassive pulmonary embolism with evidence of progressively failing ventricles. We report a case of submassive pulmonary embolism in a 26‐year‐old male under testosterone replacement therapy, who was successfully thrombolyzed based on bedside echocardiography findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the lack of meteorological data and observations from the upper reaches of Mount Everest, emphasizing the importance of understanding high-altitude climates and their relation to freshwater storage and climate change. The authors present new winter weather observations from Mount Everest, including sublimation rates, wind chill temperatures, and frostbite risks. The data collected from the weather station network on Mount Everest provides valuable insights into climate conditions and mass loss from the highest glacier on Earth. The study reveals extremely cold temperatures and significant sublimation due to strong winds and low humidity. Further research on the impact of climate change on water resources in High Mountain Asia, including Mount Everest, is recommended. [Extracted from the article]

In 6002 Australian adults with type 2 diabetes and a median 5‐year follow‐up in the FIELD (Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes) trial, baseline socioeconomic status (SES) and self‐reported education level were not related to development of on‐trial sight‐threatening diabetic retinopathy. Similarly, in a retinal photography substudy (n = 549), two‐step diabetic retinopathy progression was not related to SES or education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The escalating impact of climate change on global terrestrial ecosystems demands a robust prediction of the trees' growth patterns and physiological adaptation for sustainable forestry and successful conservation efforts. Understanding these dynamics at an intra‐annual resolution can offer deeper insights into tree responses under various future climate scenarios. However, the existing approaches to infer cambial or leaf phenological change are mainly focused on certain climatic zones (such as higher latitudes) or species with foliage discolouration during the fall season. In this study, we demonstrated a novel approach (INTRAGRO) to combine intra‐annual circumference records generated by dendrometers coupled to the output of climate models to predict future tree growth at intra‐annual resolution using a series of supervised and unsupervised machine learning algorithms. INTRAGRO performed well using our dataset, that is dendrometer data of P. roxburghii Sarg. from the subtropical mid‐elevation belt of Nepal, with robust test statistics. Our growth prediction shows enhanced tree growth at our study site for the middle and end of the 21st century. This result is remarkable since the predicted growing season by INTRAGRO is expected to shorten due to changes in seasonal precipitation. INTRAGRO's key advantage is the opportunity to analyse changes in trees' intra‐annual growth dynamics on a global scale, regardless of the investigated tree species, regional climate and geographical conditions. Such information is important to assess tree species' growth performance and physiological adaptation to growing season change under different climate scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Primary abdominal pregnancy is the rarest form of ectopic pregnancy in which the fertilized ovum is directly implanted into peritoneal cavity. This condition poses significantly high risk of maternal morbidity and mortality. Here, we present a case of 5 weeks of primary omental pregnancy managed by laparotomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Subarachnoid block with local anesthetic agents is a well‐established anesthesia technique among pregnant females for labor analgesia and cesarian delivery. Although it is considered a reliable and safe technique for both mothers and fetuses, unexpected high or low levels of block may occur due to accidental injection of these agents into different meningeal spaces other than intended. Hypotension, bradycardia, headache, and failed anesthesia are common complications of spinal anesthesia. Though rare, neurological complications like aphonia, dysphagia, and tingling sensation have also been reported. The article reports a case of a 22‐year‐old primigravida who sustained transient aphonia following intrathecal administration of bupivacaine for an emergency cesarian section for meconium‐stained liquor with fetal distress. There were no other neurological manifestations or features suggestive of high spinal block. The sensory level of the block was fixed to T6 with hemodynamic stability throughout aphasia with an episode of hypotension preceding aphonia. Aphonia commenced 9 min after the spinal anesthesia continued for a total duration of 15 min. Neurological examination, relevant investigations, and consultations were done to make a diagnosis. Thus, it is important to be aware of the possible neurological complications associated with spinal anesthesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding factors associated with coexistence of human and wildlife in human‐dominated landscapes is crucial for effective species conservation. Among the wildlife species, the sloth bears Melursus ursinus are found both inside and outside the protected areas of Nepal, and with increasing cases of human and bear conflicts in both areas. This highlights the necessity for a comprehensive understanding of anthropogenic and ecological factors that affect the occurrence of sloth bear. The understanding of these factors is important for its coexistence and conservation in human‐dominated areas through establishing management and conservation action plan. We studied the sloth bear's occupancy and their coexistence in human‐dominated environments with other large predators in the Parsa–Koshi Complex of Nepal using camera traps from December 2022 to March 2023. We identified the occupancy and detection probability of the sloth bear as 0.12 and 0.31, respectively. Our analysis reveals a positive relationship between sloth bear occurrence and the presence of large predators (βpredators = 3.104 ± 0.968), such as tigers (Panthera tigris) and leopards (Panthera pardus), as well as the number of humans detected (βhuman = 1.428 ± 1.216) and canopy cover percentage (βcc = 1.002 ± 0.737). However, the number of livestock detected shows a negative interaction with the occurrence of sloth bears (βlivestock = −2.240 ± 1.467). There was insignificant interaction between sloth bear occupancy and distance to human settlements, roads, and water bodies. These findings underscore the complex dynamics between sloth bears, humans, large predators, and livestock in human‐dominated landscapes. To ensure the long‐term survival of sloth bear populations and promote species conservation, comprehensive conservation strategies that account for both ecological and socio‐economic factors are essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) produces excellent local control for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the risk of toxicity for normal liver tissue is still a limiting factor. Normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) models have been proposed to estimate the toxicity with the assumption of uniform liver function distribution, which is not optimal. With more accurate regional liver functional imaging available for individual patient, we can improve the estimation and be more patient‐specific. Purpose: To develop normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) models using pre‐/during‐treatment (RT) dynamic Gadoxetic Acid‐enhanced (DGAE) MRI for adaptation of RT in a patient‐specific manner in hepatocellular cancer (HCC) patients who receive SBRT. Methods: 24 of 146 HCC patients who received SBRT underwent DGAE MRI. Physical doses were converted into EQD2 for analysis. Voxel‐by‐voxel quantification of the contrast uptake rate (k1) from DGAE‐MRI was used to quantify liver function. A logistic dose‐response model was used to estimate the fraction of liver functional loss, and NTCP was estimated using the cumulative functional reserve model for changes in Child‐Pugh (C‐P) scores. Model parameters were calculated using maximum‐likelihood estimations. During‐RT liver functional maps were predicted from dose distributions and pre‐RT k1 maps with a conditional Wasserstein generative adversarial network (cWGAN). Imaging prediction quality was assessed using root‐mean‐square error (RMSE) and structural similarity (SSIM) metrics. The dose‐response and NTCP were fit on both original and cWGAN predicted images and compared using a Wilcoxon signed‐rank test. Results: Logistic dose response models for changes in k1 yielded D50 of 35.2 (95% CI: 26.7–47.5) Gy and k of 0.62 (0.49–0.75) for the whole population. The high baseline ALBI (poor liver function) subgroup showed a significantly smaller D50 of 11.7 (CI: 9.06–15.4) Gy and larger k of 0.96 (CI: 0.74–1.22) compared to a low baseline ALBI (good liver function) subgroup of 54.8 (CI: 38.3–79.1) Gy and 0.59 (CI: 0.48–0.74), with p‐values of < 0.001 and = 0.008, respectively, which indicates higher radiosensitivity for the worse baseline liver function cohort. Subset analyses were also performed for high/low baseline CP subgroups. The corresponding NTCP models showed good agreement for the fit parameters between cWGAN predicted and the ground‐truth during‐RT images with no statistical differences for low ALBI subgroup. Conclusions: NTCP models which incorporate voxel‐wise functional information from DGAE‐MRI k1 maps were successfully developed and feasibility was demonstrated in a small patient cohort. cWGAN predicted functional maps show promise for estimating localized patient‐specific response to RT and warrant further validation in a larger patient cohort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: The effectiveness of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccines in reducing symptoms, disease advancement, complications, and mortality in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection has been well‐established. This case‐control study aimed to compare different blood parameters, and prognostic and survival outcomes of COVID‐19 patients based on vaccination status. Methods: We performed a case‐control study that included hospitalized patients with COVID‐19 at Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. Individuals who received vaccination were designated as cases and unvaccinated individuals as controls. Demographics, co‐morbidity, clinical data, laboratory data, and disease outcomes were recorded for both groups. Multivariate, Cox, and linear regression were used for analysing blood parameters, hospital admission, survival, and hospital stay, respectively, between cases and controls. Results: Out of 100 participants enrolled, 46 were vaccinated, and 54 weren't. At admission, ferritin and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were significantly lower in cases. At discharge, cases showed a higher monocyte than controls. Ferritin, ESR, and d‐imer showed excellent performance in determining the severity of symptoms. Significant correlation and regression of ferritin and ESR with the length of hospital stay was observed. Length of hospital stay was significantly lower in cases than in controls. No significant differences between cases and controls were observed in mortality. Conclusion: COVID‐19 vaccines effectively reduced hospitalization duration. Ferritin and ESR were significantly lower in vaccinated individuals and showed the best utility in monitoring the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We disclose a Ni‐catalyzed regioselective dialkylation reaction of alkenylarenes with α‐halocarbonyls and alkylzinc reagents. The reaction produces γ‐arylated alkanecarbonyl compounds with the generation of two new C(sp3)−C(sp3) bonds at the vicinal carbons of alkenes. This reaction is effective for the use of primary, secondary and tertiary α‐halocarboxylic esters, amides and ketones in conjunction with primary and secondary alkylzinc reagents as the sources of two C(sp3) carbons for the dialkylation of terminal and cyclic internal alkenes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To understand the mechanisms underlying tooth morphogenesis, we examined the developmental roles of important posttranslational modification, O‐GlcNAcylation, which regulates protein stability and activity by the addition and removal of a single sugar (O‐GlcNAc) to the serine or threonine residue of the intracellular proteins. Tissue and developmental stage‐specific immunostaining results against O‐GlcNAc and O‐GlcNAc transferase (OGT) in developing tooth germs would suggest that O‐GlcNAcylation is involved in tooth morphogenesis, particularly in the cap and secretory stage. To evaluate the developmental function of OGT‐mediated O‐GlcNAcylation, we employed an in vitro tooth germ culture method at E14.5, cap stage before secretory stage, for 1 and 2 days, with or without OSMI‐1, a small molecule OGT inhibitor. To examine the mineralization levels and morphological changes, we performed renal capsule transplantation for one and three weeks after 2 days of in vitro culture at E14.5 with OSMI‐1 treatment. After OGT inhibition, morphological and molecular alterations were examined using histology, immunohistochemistry, real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, in situ hybridization, scanning electron microscopy, and ground sectioning. Overall, inhibition of OGT resulted in altered cellular physiology, including proliferation, apoptosis, and epithelial rearrangements, with significant changes in the expression patterns of β‐catenin, fibroblast growth factor 4 (fgf4), and sonic hedgehog (Shh). Moreover, renal capsule transplantation and immunolocalizations of Amelogenin and Nestin results revealed that OGT‐inhibited tooth germs at cap stage exhibited with structural changes in cuspal morphogenesis, amelogenesis, and dentinogenesis of the mineralized tooth. Overall, we suggest that OGT‐mediated O‐GlcNAcylation regulates cell signaling and physiology in primary enamel knot during tooth development, thus playing an important role in mouse molar morphogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2022 Tongan volcanic eruption released significant energy into the atmosphere. Tropospheric satellite images show that the eruption generated pressure waves that traveled globally. The Global Observation of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission observed significant wave‐like thermospheric temperature perturbations (>100 K) from 12 to 16 UT. These temperature perturbations' spatial curvatures and arrival times are initially similar to the tropospheric wave‐fronts but differ significantly with eastward propagation. The perturbations had a phase speed of ∼300–400 m/s and wavelengths greater than 2,400 km. Near‐concurrent Ionospheric Connection Explorer neutral wind measurements suggest that the eruption's effects reversed the direction of the prevailing thermospheric zonal winds around the perturbed regions. The eruption's global and whole atmospheric effects provide a unique opportunity to study how different atmospheric layers exchange energy and momentum during explosive events. GOLD's synoptic observations are uniquely positioned to study these effects in the middle thermosphere. Plain Language Summary: The powerful Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai volcanic eruption on 15 January 2022, at 4:15 UT was visible from space. Satellite images in the troposphere (near 10 km altitude) show concentric pressure waves emanating from the eruption center that travel globally. Wave signatures were seen across multiple atmospheric layers. NASA's Global‐scale Observations of Limb and Disk mission observed its signatures near 150 km altitude as neutral temperature perturbations. Explosive events that affect multiple atmospheric layers allow us to observe how the different atmospheric layers exchange energy and momentum in response to an impulsive source. In this paper, we present an analysis of the eruption induced temperature perturbation in the middle thermosphere. Key Points: Global‐scale Observations of Limb and Disk mission observed global‐scale thermospheric neutral temperature perturbations (>100 K) induced by the Tongan volcanic eruptionThe phase speeds of the perturbations are around 300–400 m/s with a large wavelength (>2,400 km)The zonal winds near the peak temperature perturbation reverse from eastward to westward [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One key challenge in the development of viable organic photovoltaic devices is to design component molecules that do not degrade during combined exposure to oxygen and light. Such molecules should thus remain comparatively unreactive towards singlet molecular oxygen and not act as photosensitizers for the generation of this undesirable species. Here, novel redox‐active chromophores that combine these two properties are presented. By functionalizing indenofluorene‐extended tetrathiafulvalenes (IF‐TTFs) with cyano groups at the indenofluorene core using Pd‐catalyzed cyanation reactions, we find that the reactivity of the exocyclic fulvene carbon‐carbon double bonds towards singlet oxygen is considerably reduced. The new cyano‐functionalized IF‐TTFs were tested in non‐fullerene acceptor based organic photovoltaic proof‐of‐principle devices, revealing enhanced device stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vitamins are essential micronutrients, but the mechanisms of vitamin chemoreception in animals are poorly understood. Here, we provide evidence that vitamin C doubles starvation resistance and induces egg laying in Drosophila melanogaster. Our behavioral analyses of genetically engineered and anatomically ablated flies show that fruit flies sense vitamin C via sweet‐sensing gustatory receptor neurons (GRNs) in the labellum. Using a behavioral screen and in vivo electrophysiological analyses of ionotropic receptors (IRs) and sweet‐sensing gustatory receptors (GRs), we find that two broadly tuned IRs (i.e., IR25a and IR76b) and five GRs (i.e., GR5a, GR61a, GR64b, GR64c, and GR64e) are essential for vitamin C detection. Thus, vitamin C is directly detected by the fly labellum and requires at least two distinct receptor types. Next, we expand our electrophysiological study to test attractive tastants such as sugars, carboxylic acids, and glycerol. Our analysis elucidates the molecular basis of chemoreception in sweet‐sensing GRNs. Synopsis: Drosophila melanogaster tastes vitamin C using gustatory receptors (GRs) and ionotropic receptors (IRs) in sweet‐sensing gustatory receptor neurons (GRNs). Vitamin C is beneficial for fly survival and fecundity.Vitamin C directly activates sweet‐sensing GRNs.IR25a, IR76b, GR5a, GR61a, GR64b, GR64c, and GR64e are necessary for sensing vitamin C.An electrophysiological analysis of attractive tastants elucidates receptor coordination in sweet‐sensing GRNs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organizing pneumonia (OP) is one of the rare pulmonary manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) which is infrequently reported as a presenting manifestation. Early diagnosis of lupus‐related OP with the help of imaging, can drive to prompt initiation of immunosuppressive therapy leading to a better prognosis. We present a case of a 34‐year‐old young male who presented with fever, myalgia, and a dry cough for 1 month and was later diagnosed as SLE‐related organizing pneumonia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Obturator hernia is a rare condition that is difficult to detect clinically. We highlight the importance of a CT scan in establishing an early diagnosis of an obturator hernia, effective surgical intervention planning, thereby enhancing the result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: A tremendous burden is placed on frontotemporal degeneration (FTD) caregivers who sacrifice their own self‐care to manage the functional impairments of their loved one, contributing to high levels of stress and depression. Health coaching provides support for coping with stress while fostering self‐care behaviors. We report on preliminary evidence for efficacy of a virtual health coach intervention aimed at increasing self‐care. Methods: Thirty‐one caregivers of persons with behavioral variant FTD (bvFTD) were assigned randomly to an intervention group, which included 10 coaching sessions over 6 months plus targeted health information or the control group receiving standard care augmented with the health information. Caregiver self‐care (primary outcome), stress, depression, coping, and patient behavioral symptoms were collected at enrollment and 3 and 6 months. Change over time was evaluated between the intervention and control groups using linear mixed‐effects models. Results: There was a significant group‐by‐time interaction for self‐care monitoring (t58 = 2.37, p = 0.02 and self‐care confidence (t58 = 2.32, p = 0.02) on the Self‐Care Inventory, demonstrating that caregivers who received the intervention improved their self‐care over time. Behavioral symptoms were reduced in bvFTD patients whose caregivers received the intervention (t54 = –2.15, p = 0.03). Discussion: This randomized controlled trial (RCT) shows promise for health coaching as a way to increase support that is urgently needed to reduce poor outcomes in FTD caregivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Themospheric conditions during a minor geomagnetic event of 3 and 4 February 2022 has been investigated using disk temperature (Tdisk) observations from Global‐scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission and model simulations. GOLD observed that the Tdisk increases by more than 60 K during the storm event when compared with pre‐storm quiet days. A comparison of the Tdisk with effective temperatures (Teff, i.e., a weighted average based on airglow emission layer) from Mass Spectrometer Incoherent Scatter radar version 2 (MSIS2) and Multiscale Atmosphere‐Geospace Environment (MAGE) models shows that MAGE outperforms MSIS2 during this particular event. MAGE underestimates the Teff by about 2%, whereas MSIS2 underestimates it by 7%. As temperature enhancements lead to an expansion of the thermosphere and resulting density changes, the value of the temperature enhancement observed by GOLD can be utilized to find a GOLD equivalent MSIS2 (GOLD‐MSIS) simulation—from a set of MSIS2 runs obtained by varying geomagnetic ap index values. From the MSIS‐GOLD run we found that the thermospheric density enhancement varies with altitude from 15% (at 150) to 80% (at 500 km). Independent simulations from the MAGE model also show a comparable enhancement in neutral density. These results suggest that even a modest storm could impact the thermospheric densities significantly and GOLD data can be used to improve the empirical and assimilative models of the thermosphere. Plain Language Summary: High speed plasma from the sun can bring energy, momentum, and particles into the Earth's upper atmosphere triggering a geomagnetic storm, which disturbs the thermosphere‐ionosphere (TI) system. It is observed that even minor geomagnetic events can have a significant impact on the TI system. In this work we have investigated the neutral properties of the thermosphere during a minor geomagnetic event using NASA‐Global‐scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission observations. By calibrating the Mass Spectrometer Incoherent Scatter radar version 2 empirical model based on the temperature change observed by GOLD, we have found that the thermospheric density increased by 15% (at 150) to 80% (at 500 km). These results demonstrates that the GOLD data can help in improving thermospheric empirical models. Also, they can help satellite‐drag and space weather forecasters to find ways to improve their products. Key Points: Global‐scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) observed a ∼60 K rise in lower‐to‐middle thermospheric temperature during a minor geomagnetic storm on 3–4 February 2022GOLD‐informed MSIS calculations indicate an increase in density by 15% (at 150) to 80% (500 km), which agrees with Multiscale Atmosphere‐Geospace Environment estimationGOLD Tdisk can be used in empirical and data assimilative forecasting models to improve thermospheric specifications [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Night‐time light (NTL) satellite imagery can provide unique insights into the energy sector. Nevertheless, there are limited studies that have systematically reviewed the literature on the relationship between electricity consumption and NTL. Therefore, this paper aims to provide a systematic review of studies that have explored this relationship. The review identified over 200 regression models estimating electricity consumption using NTL satellite images. The key finding of the review was that there was a large variability in regression performance for model prediction of electricity consumption from NTL imagery, indicating a need for further work to refine the techniques and approaches in this emerging field of remote sensing research. The level of spatial aggregation had an important influence on model performance with larger geographical areas, such as countries or states, providing better estimations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]