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This paper reports on a metal mask‐less lithography (MML) process for RGB OLED displays. By integrating MML, tandem OLEDs, and a microlens array (MLA), ultra‐high resolution, high luminance, and robust reliability can be realized. The report also demonstrates an MLA using an S‐stripe MLA pattern. The prototype exhibits excellent properties, with a white light efficiency of 66.7 cd/A at 15,000 cd/m². [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the first time in the world, we have fabricated an organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) display that monolithically integrates Si CMOS and oxide semiconductor FETs (OSFETs). OSFETs can be monolithically stacked on Si CMOS. With this OS/Si monolithic stack technology, we have fabricated driver circuits with Si CMOS and pixel circuits with OSFETs. This enables displays to have thin bezels. In addition, fabricating pixel circuits with OSFETs, which have higher breakdown voltage than Si CMOS, allows the use of tandem OLED devices that require high driving voltage. This enables an OLED display with a pixel density over 5,000 ppi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For high‐definition microdisplays with more than several thousands of pixels per inch (ppi), c‐axis‐aligned crystal indium‐gallium‐zinc oxide (CAAC‐IGZO) field‐effect transistors (FETs) are effective devices. Based on such a viewpoint, we have fabricated a 5291‐ppi organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) display using CAAC‐IGZO FETs with a channel length of 60 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C‐axis‐aligned crystalline‐oxide semiconductor field‐effect transistor (CAAC‐OS FET) can be scaled down to a width and a length of 60 nm. We fabricated an organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) display with more than 5000 ppi, which is required in virtual reality (VR) display applications, using CAAC‐OS FETs as the backplane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to focus on a cover film with a considerably low Young's modulus to achieve robust and flexible displays. We fabricated a prototype flexible display with such a film on its surface and achieved a display with robustness and bendability, which can be used in various applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 2351‐ppi organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) display incorporating memories in pixels is proposed. Each pixel contains stacked oxide semiconductor (OS) field‐effect transistors (FETs) (with a channel length of 0.36 μm), which are used to create the memory in the pixel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

C‐axis aligned crystalline oxide semiconductor field‐effect transistor (CAAC‐OS FET) can be scaled down to a width and length of 60 nm. We have fabricated an organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) display with more than 5000 ppi, which is required in virtual reality (VR) displays, by using CAAC‐OS FETs as the backplane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybrid displays produce high‐visibility images and consume less power in any environment by using OLED and reflective‐LC. We propose a novel process of a hybrid display. The hybrid display enables further reduction in power consumption of OLED in operation and produces less OLED‐LC operational interference, leading to reduced noise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We developed two Kawara‐type multidisplays: a scalable modular multidisplay and a thin and lightweight multidisplay with an external driver circuit. The key technologies for assembling these Kawara‐type multidisplays are reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have developed a top‐emission organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) Kawara‐type multidisplay with a novel auxiliary electrode. With this device, while the contact portion of the auxiliary electrode is developed in the display region, a high aperture ratio can be achieved. This technique can be utilized in any top‐emission OLED display. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Newly developed light-emitting materials and device structure achieved a highly efficient long-lived white tandem OLED with saturated RGB spectra for a wider color gamut. By combining the OLED devices with a color filter and top emission structure, we successfully fabricated a full-specification 8K AMOLED panel with the BT.2020 color gamut. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have successfully fabricated an 8.34-inch 1058-ppi 8K x 4K flexible organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display. It exhibits the world's highest resolution and pixel density among flexible OLED displays, offering excellent viewing-angle characteristics owing to the arrangement of subpixels in a zigzag pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We fabricated a hybrid display with low power consumption and high visibility in any environment by combining organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and reflective liquid crystal (LC) elements. This display, which has improved pixel structures of OLEDs and reflective LC elements, achieves high resolution and low power consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A top-gate self-aligned transistor with excellent characteristics was developed using a cloud-aligned composite oxide semiconductor (CAC-OS). A 1058-ppi 8K4K foldable organic light-emitting diode panel was fabricated using the transistor and employing a novel linear laser separation technology. These technologies enable a shift of production lines from low-temperature polysilicon to CAC-OS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A prototype of an 8.34 inch, 1058 ppi 8K4K display is fabricated. This display shall use top-gate self-aligned-type crystalline oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors as the backplane, and will be the smallest 8K display in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a 5.9-inch foldable active-matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED) display was developed. A folding test was performed repeatedly. The display survived the folding test (100,000 folds) with a curvature radius of 2 mm. To protect an organic light emitting diode (OLED) against moisture, inorganic passivation layers are provided on the upper and lower sides of the flexible display. Using our transfer technology, high density passivation layers can be obtained. The measured water vapor transmission rate of the layer is 7 × 10−6 g/m2⋅day or less, which improves OLED reliability. With these techniques, we have developed a book-type display, which is repeatedly foldable like a book, and a tri-fold display including a display area, which is foldable in three. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A folding screen type OLED display was developed (Fig. 1) to demonstrate the application of a flexible display. The display surface can be bent with a curvature radius of 4 mm To protect an OLED against moisture, inorganic passivation layers are provided on the upper and lower sides of the flexible display. Using our transfer technology, dense passivation layers can be obtained The measured water vapor transmission rate of the layer is 7 × 10−6 g/m2.day or less, which improves OLED reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We developed a high-performance 3.4-in. flexible active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) display with remarkably high resolution using an oxide semiconductor in a backplane, by applying our transfer technology that utilizes metal separation layers. Using this panel, we also fabricated a prototype of a side-roll display for mobile uses. In these AMOLED displays, a white OLED combined with a color filter was used in order to achieve remarkably high resolution. For the white OLED, a tandem structure in which a phosphorescent emission unit and a fluorescent emission unit are serially connected with an intermediate layer sandwiched between the emission units was employed. Furthermore, revolutionary technologies that enable a reduction in power consumption in both the phosphorescent and fluorescent emission units were introduced to the white tandem OLED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A flexible OLED lighting demonstrating over 130 lm/W by combining a highly efficient OLED and a light outcoupling film has been developed. Furthermore, a prototype 360 × 300-mm flexible OLED lighting was successfully fabricated by using transfer technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined the effectiveness of energetic potential (net energy intake [NEI]) estimated from bioenergetics models as an index of habitat quality for stream salmonids in seven streams within four watersheds in Hokkaido, northern Japan. In addition, we confirmed the utility of the NEI as an index of habitat quality by comparing it with several other habitat variables, including pool volume, pool area ratio, and prey density, that are often used as indices of habitat quality for stream salmonids. The mean NEI at each study reach was closely related to salmonid abundance, although the physical environment and drifting prey density differed considerably among study sites. In contrast, the relationships between habitat variables and fish abundance were weaker (drift density) or nonsignificant (pool volume and area). These results suggest that the NEI is more widely applicable as an index of habitat quality for drift-feeding fish, although its validity should be tested in additional systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]