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Ultralong organic phosphorescence (UOP) is essential for potential applications in bioelectronics and optoelectronics. However, the precise design of UOP materials remains a formidable challenge. Herein, a facile strategy is presented to confine dimeric chromophores for triggering UOP emission, based on the manipulation of the carbonyl, sulfonyl, and amino groups within organic phosphors. The experimental data reveal that saccharin analogs in crystals containing dimeric chromophores, confined by the (3D) hydrogen‐bonded networks, exhibit ultralong emission lifetime of up to 635 ms under ambient conditions. Whereas for saccharin analogue crystals lacking dimeric chromophores, the lifetime decreases to 54 ms, resulting in the absence of UOP emission. Moreover, the non‐toxic saccharin crystals with UOP have succeeded in drug anti‐counterfeiting. These findings will open a novel avenue for the design UOP materials and broaden the domain of UOP to diverse applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spin‐orbit coupling refers to the relativistic interaction between the spin and orbital motions of electrons. This interaction leads to numerous intriguing phenomena, including spin‐orbit torques, spin–momentum locking, topological spin textures, etc., that have recently gained prominence in the field of spin‐orbitronics. In particular, the emerging ferroelectric control is recognized and validated as an effective means to enhance energy efficiency across a broad spectrum of spin‐orbitronic devices. Here, cutting‐edge research on ferroelectric control of spin‐orbitronics (FECSO) by means of spontaneous polarization, reversible ferroelectric switching, and multiferroic coupling, are comprehensively reviewed. Two fascinating topics are mainly discussed: topological spin texture and spin‐charge interconversion. The classification of control mechanisms for different interactions in FECSO is summarized first. Then, from the perspective of material classification, the ferroelectric‐controlled spin‐orbit coupling with tunable topological spin texture in oxide systems, magnetic metal multilayers, and 2D van der Waals materials is reviewed. Subsequently, the ferroelectric‐tunable spin‐charge interconversion on heavy metal layers, oxide interfaces, and ferroelectric Rashba semiconductors is highlighted. In the end, the challenges and forthcoming prospects of FECSO are discussed. This work may provide pertinent and forward‐thinking guidance to accelerate the ongoing advancement of this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The second harmonic current (SHC) caused by the instantaneous power of downstream inverter will seriously deteriorate the performance of two‐stage inverter and shorten the life of energy storage device, which narrows the application prospect of two‐stage inverter energy storage system (TSIESS). To reduce the SHC in TSIESS, this paper proposes a strategy of virtual LC series resonant circuit with notch filter (NF‐VLCSRC). This strategy utilizes the virtual impedance technology to achieve the function of a LC series resonant circuit (LCSRC) paralleled to the intermediate DC bus capacitor of the TSIESS, so the output impedance of the DAB converter can become larger than the impedance of the DC bus capacitor at twice fundamental frequency and thus the SHC in the front‐end DAB converter can be reduced effectively without power loss problem caused by the internal resistance of the actual LCSRC. Then, in order to facilitate the implementation and avoid interference of parameter mismatches on system performance, the NF is adopted to realize the VLCSRC strategy based on the frequency characteristics of the introduced virtual impedance. Theory analysis and experimental results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hot compression tests (T = 850–1100 °C, ε˙ = 0.1–10 s−1) of Cu–Cr–Ni bridge weathering steel with different Cr content (0.46% (#1), 0.64% (#2)) were performed on Gleeble‐3800‐D thermomechanical simulator. The effects of Cr content on hot deformation and microstructure evolution are systematically investigated by the Arrhenius constitutive equation, processing map, electron backscatter diffraction technology, and transmission electron microscope. In the results, it is demonstrated that the increase of Cr content from 0.46% to 0.64% enhances the solution strengthening and inhibits the dynamic recrystallization of the experimental steels during hot compression, resulting in the increase of flow stress. The Arrhenius constitutive equation with strain compensation is constructed. The increase of Cr content results in an augmentation of hot deformation activation energy, rising from Q#1 = 358.47 kJ mol−1 to Q#2 = 396.79 kJ mol−1, causing the increase of deformation resistance of Cu–Cr–Ni bridge weathering steel in hot compression. The optimal hot processing window of #1 and #2 experimental steels is as follows: ε˙ = 0.1–0.2 s−1, T = 1050–1100 °C, ε˙ = 0.1–0.15 s−1, and T = 1050–1100 °C, the increase of Cr content leads to the narrowing of the hot processing window of the experimental steels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

KVPO4F with excellent structural stability and high operating voltage has been identified as a promising cathode for potassium‐ion batteries (PIBs), but limits in sluggish ion transport and severe volume change cause insufficient potassium storage capability. Here, a high‐energy and low‐strain KVPO4F composite cathode assisted by multifunctional K2C4O4 electrode stabilizer is exquisitely designed. Systematical electrochemical investigations demonstrate that this composite cathode can deliver a remarkable energy density up to 530 Wh kg−1 with 142.7 mAh g−1 of reversible capacity at 25 mA g−1, outstanding rate capability of 70.6 mAh g−1 at 1000 mA g−1, and decent cycling stability. Furthermore, slight volume change (~5%) and increased interfacial stability with thin and even cathode–electrolyte interphase can be observed through in situ and ex situ characterizations, which are attributed to the synergistic effect from in situ potassium compensation and carbon deposition through self‐sacrificing K2C4O4 additive. Moreover, potassium‐ion full cells manifest significant improvement in energy density and cycling stability. This work demonstrates a positive impact of K2C4O4 additive on the comprehensive electrochemical enhancement, especially the activation of high‐voltage plateau capacity and provides an efficient strategy to enlighten the design of other high‐voltage cathodes for advanced high‐energy batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, graphite is commonly used as the carbon source in Al2O3‐C refractory. However, graphite resources are limited and belong to the category of nonrenewable resources. Coconut shell is a biomass material with low cost, low impurity, and high reactivity, and also belongs to renewable resources. Therefore, the research for using coconut shell carbon as a substitution for graphite in Al2O3‐C refractory has great significance. In this work, the coconut shell was firstly carbonized at 200–1000°C in flowing argon, and the microstructure of the carbonized coconut shells was investigated. Then the carbonized coconut shell powder was introduced into Al2O3‐C refractory instead of graphite, and the effect of carbonized coconut shell on mechanical properties and microstructure evolution of materials was investigated. The results show that the carbonized coconut shell has porous structures, composed of amorphous carbon and disordered micro‐graphite with many defects, endowing its high reactivity. Compared with graphite, the carbonized coconut shell promotes the Si and Al to in situ formation of nonoxide ceramic whiskers (SiC, Al4C3, and AlN), which play a strengthening and toughening role in the materials. When graphite is replaced by 1 wt% carbonized coconut shell, the residual strength ratio of samples increased from 81.8% to 90.2%, and that of the hot modulus of rupture increased from 17.53 MPa to 18.47 MPa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Capacitance spectroscopy techniques have been widely utilized to evaluate the defect properties in perovskites, which contribute to the efficiency and operation stability development for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Yet the interplay between the charge transporting layer (CTL) and the perovskite on the capacitance spectroscopy results is still unclear. Here, they show that a pseudo‐trap‐state capacitance signal is generated in thermal admittance spectroscopy (TAS) due to the enhanced resistance capacitance (RC) coupling caused by the carrier freeze‐out of the CTL in PSCs, which could be discerned from the actual defect‐induced trap state capacitance signal by tuning the series resistance of PSCs. By eliminating the RC coupling shielding effect on the defect‐induced capacitance spectroscopy, it is obtain the actual defect density which is 4‐folds lower than the pseudo‐trap density, and the spatial distribution of defects in PSCs which reveals that the commonly adopted interface passivators can passivate the defects about 60 nm away from the decorated surface. It is further revealed that phenethylammonium ions (PEA+) possess a better passivation capability over octylammonium ions (OA+) due to the deeper passivation depth for PEA+ on the surface defects in perovskite films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porous organic cages (POCs) with abundant porosity and interconnected cavities have garnered significant research attention as a distinct class of porous materials due to their potential applications in gas sorption and separation. However, the ordered arrangement of POCs to eliminate inter‐cage defects remains challenging in the assembly of molecular‐selective membranes, which greatly hinders the effectiveness of pore sieving. Here, amine‐rich molecular nodules (AMNs) are created by reduction of the porous organic cage CC2, in which the spatial structure incurs a vertex collapse into the interior of the original tetrahedral structure, which eliminates the large window of CC2. By an interfacial reaction with terephthaloyl chloride, the AMNs assemble into a cross‐linked topological network having angstrom‐scale channels for selective CO2/N2 separation. The AMN‐assembled membrane displays a high CO2 permeance of 752 GPU, a CO2/N2 selectivity of 67 at 1 bar, as well as high‐pressure resistance, operational stability, and scalable manufacture potential, which provides a cost‐effective and practical solution for developing membranes for capturing CO2 from industrial flue gas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this talk, we consider the optimal control problem for fractional order random impulses differential equations (1<β<2$$ 1<\beta <2 $$), and there is no corresponding Hamilton‐Jacobi‐Bellman (HJB) equation proposed for fractional order differential equations in existing literature. The lack of semi group properties in fractional order makes the original dynamic programming methods unable to directly handle fractional order problems. We have dealt with this problem by combining the properties of fractional order integrals. In solving this problem, we found that the order of the original system in HJB equation is at least 1. When the order is less than 1, our approach to fractional order ideas provides a possibility to solve the problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aortic root pseudoaneurysm is a devastating complication post aortic valve replacement with a high mortality rate. And dissecting aneurysm into the interventricular septum is a rare variant of aortic root pseudoaneurysm, which is scarcely reported. Multimodal imaging is of great value in its diagnosis and differential diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

FOXG1 syndrome is a developmental encephalopathy caused by FOXG1 (Forkhead box G1) mutations, resulting in high phenotypic variability. However, the upstream transcriptional regulation of Foxg1 expression remains unclear. This report demonstrates that both deficiency and overexpression of Men1 (protein: menin, a pathogenic gene of MEN1 syndrome known as multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1) lead to autism‐like behaviors, such as social defects, increased repetitive behaviors, and cognitive impairments. Multifaceted transcriptome analyses revealed that Foxg1 signaling is predominantly altered in Men1 deficiency mice, through its regulation of the Alpha Thalassemia/Mental Retardation Syndrome X‐Linked (Atrx) factor. Atrx recruits menin to bind to the transcriptional start region of Foxg1 and mediates the regulation of Foxg1 expression by H3K4me3 (Trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 4) modification. The deficits observed in menin deficient mice are rescued by the over‐expression of Foxg1, leading to normalized spine growth and restoration of hippocampal synaptic plasticity. These findings suggest that menin may have a putative role in the maintenance of Foxg1 expression, highlighting menin signaling as a potential therapeutic target for Foxg1‐related encephalopathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: Cytochrome P450 proteins (CYPs) play critical roles in plant development and adaptation to fluctuating environments. Previous reports have shown that CYP86A proteins are involved in the biosynthesis of suberin and cutin in Arabidopsis. However, the functions of these proteins in rice remain obscure. In this study, a rice mutant with incomplete male sterility was identified. Cytological analyses revealed that this mutant was defective in anther development. Cloning of the mutant gene indicated that the responsible mutation was on OsCYP86A9. OsMYB80 is a core transcription factor in the regulation of rice anther development. The expression of OsCYP86A9 was abolished in the anther of osmyb80 mutant. In vivo and in vitro experiments showed that OsMYB80 binds to the MYB‐binding motifs in OsCYP86A9 promoter region and regulates its expression. Furthermore, the oscyp86a9 mutant exhibited an impaired suberin deposition in the root, and was more susceptible to drought stress. Interestingly, genetic and biochemical analyses revealed that OsCYP86A9 expression was regulated in the root by certain MYB transcription factors other than OsMYB80. Moreover, mutations in the MYB genes that regulate OsCYP86A9 expression in the root did not impair the male fertility of the plant. Taken together, these findings revealed the critical roles of OsCYP86A9 in plant development and proposed that OsCYP86A9 functions in anther development and root suberin formation via two distinct tissue‐specific regulatory pathways. Significance Statement: The cytochrome P450 subfamily CYP86A is very important for plant development. However, their functions remain obscure in rice. Here, we reported that OsCYP86A9, a member of CYP86A subfamily, is critical for the development of anther and root suberin, and these functions are determined by two distinct tissue‐specific regulatory pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The most common causes of plantar and heel pain are plantar fasciitis and calcaneal spurs, and they often co‐exist. Surgery is a recognized treatment for refractory plantar fasciitis. However, few studies have proposed treatment options for patients with metatarsophalangeal fasciitis with bone spurs. Accordingly, this study's purpose was to propose a four‐step surgical regimen, and to improve the surgical outcome of plantar fasciitis with osteophytes and to establish a procedure for surgical treatment. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 45 patients suffering from plantar fasciitis with bone spurs from 2020 to 2023. All patients underwent a four‐step procedure, including plantar fascia release, calcaneal spur grinding, inflammatory tissue removal, and calcaneal burr decompression. The imaging parameters and functional scores were recorded before and after the operation. The objective evaluation included the measurement of calcaneal spur length on radiographs. Clinical evaluation included the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS), the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and the Foot and Ankle Outcome Scale (FAOS). Measurement data that conformed to normal distribution were expressed as (x2 ± s), and pre‐and postoperative AOFAS, FAOS, and VAS scores were compared using repeated‐measures ANOVA, and preoperative and postoperative spur lengths were compared using paired t‐tests. Results: The 45 patients were followed up for 3 to 30 months, (17.72 ± 8.53) months, at final follow‐up, the patient's AOFAS score improved from preoperative (74.93 ± 5.56) to (94.78 ± 3.98), FAOS score increased from preoperative (76.42 ± 3.37) to (96.16 ± 2.74), the VAS score decreased from (3.18 ± 0.54) to (1.07 ± 1.20) (p < 0.05), the length of spur decreased from (0.72 ± 1.81) cm to (0.23 ± 1.19) cm, and there were significant differences before and after operation (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The four‐step surgical regimen is an appropriate and effective surgical procedure to treat plantar fasciitis with bone spurs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liquid‐crystal optics is a promising optical element for near‐eye display as it provides an ultrathin formfactor and lightweight. However, its severe chromatic aberrations impose a big challenge for full‐color display applications. In this study, we demonstrate an achromatic diffractive liquid‐crystal device to overcome this longstanding chromatic aberration issue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a theoretically lossless pancake optics solution that incorporates a nonreciprocal polarization rotator sandwiched between two reflective polarizers. A proof‐of‐concept experiment using a commercially available Faraday rotator (FR) is implemented. The theoretically predicted 100% efficiency can indeed be achieved approximately by using two high extinction ratio reflective polarizers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tunable‐lifetime room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials have been widely studied due to their broad applications. However, only few reports have achieved wide‐range lifetime modulation. In this work, ultra‐wide range tunable‐lifetime efficient dark blue RTP materials were realized by doping methyl benzoate derivatives into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix. The phosphorescence lifetimes of the doped films can be increased from 32.8 ms to 1925.8 ms. Such wide range of phosphorescence lifetime modulation is extremely rare in current reports. Moreover, the phosphorescence emission of the methyl 4‐hydroxybenzoate‐doped film is located in the dark blue region and the phosphorescence quantum yield reaches as high as 15.4 %, which broadens their applications in organic optoelectronic information. Further studies demonstrated that the reason for the tunable lifetime was that the magnitude of the electron‐donating ability of the substituent group modulates the HOMO–LUMO and singlet‐triplet energy gap of methyl benzoate derivatives, as well as the ability to non‐covalent interactions with PVA. Moreover, the potential applications of luminescent displays and optical anti‐counterfeiting of these high‐performance dark blue RTP materials have been conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pancake lens has been widely used in virtual reality (VR) and mixed reality (MR) due to its compact form factor. However, using a half mirror (HM) to fold the optical path results in a tremendous optical loss. To enhance the optical efficiency while keeping a compact form factor, we present a new folded optical system incorporating a nonreciprocal polarization rotator. In our proof‐of‐concept experiment using a commercial Faraday rotator (FR), the theoretically predicted 100% efficiency is validated. Besides, the angular response of terbium gallium garnet (TGG) material is simulated for the first time and the results indicate that such an FR is relatively insensitive to the incident angle, which can dramatically enhance the contrast ratio of our pancake design. Finally, the potential application of such pancake optics for ultracompact near‐infrared (NIR) night vision goggles is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of spintronic devices urgently requires ultra-thin two-dimensional (2D) ferromagnetic materials with high Curie temperature (Tc), TC however, there are few natural intrinsic ferromagnetic 2D materials. The successful synthesis of Janus monolayer MoSSe in experiments provides a new approach for designing new 2D materials. By replacing transition metal carbides with two different transition metal atoms, we have designed over 70 Janus MXence materials and determined that 30þ materials have ferromagnetic ground states, of which three have robust ferromagnetism through density functional theory analysis. The ferromagnetic coupling in suchmaterials mainly originates from the direct exchange of d-orbitals between transition metal atoms in different layers. Further, using K-nearest neighbours (KNN) machine learning (ML) method, six out of the remaining 360 Janus MXence systems were screened for ferromagnetism, with one system exhibiting strong ferromagnetism. This work provides an alternative and convenient method for developing ultra-thin 2D magnetic materials for next generation spintronic device applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dysfunction of parvalbumin (PV) neurons is closely involved in depression, however, the detailed mechanism remains unclear. Based on the previous finding that multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (Protein: Menin; Gene: Men1) mutation (G503D) is associated with a higher risk of depression, a Menin‐G503D mouse model is generated that exhibits heritable depressive‐like phenotypes and increases PV expression in brain. This study generates and screens a serial of neuronal specific Men1 deletion mice, and found that PV interneuron Men1 deletion mice (PcKO) exhibit increased cortical PV levels and depressive‐like behaviors. Restoration of Menin, knockdown PV expression or inhibition of PV neuronal activity in PV neurons all can ameliorate the depressive‐like behaviors of PcKO mice. This study next found that ketamine stabilizes Menin by inhibiting protein kinase A (PKA) activity, which mediates the anti‐depressant function of ketamine. These results demonstrate a critical role for Menin in depression, and prove that Menin is key to the antidepressant function of ketamine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Previous observational studies have indicated correlations between various inflammatory cytokines and functional outcomes following ischemic stroke (IS); however, the causality remains unclear. We aimed to further evaluate the causal association between 41 circulating inflammatory cytokines and functional outcomes following IS. Methods: Two‐sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was used in this study. The genetic variation of 41 circulating inflammatory cytokines were derived from genome‐wide association study (GWAS) data of European ancestry (n = 8293). The corresponding genetic association of functional outcomes following IS were derived from European ancestry GWAS data (n = 6021). Results: Inverse variance weighted (IVW) analysis showed that genetically predicted increased levels of regulation and activation in normal T‐cell expression and secretion factor (RANTES/CCL5) and eosinophilic chemotactic factor (EOTAXIN/CCL11) were positively correlated with the increased adverse functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale [mRS≥3] following IS (OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.002–1.96, p = 0.049; OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.15–1.54, p = 0.0001). Interleukin 18 (IL‐18) level might be the downstream consequence of adverse functional outcomes following IS (β: −0.09, p = 0.039). Other inflammatory cytokines and functional outcomes following IS did not appear to be causally related. Conclusions: This study suggests a causality between inflammation and adverse functional outcomes following IS. RANTES (CCL5) and EOTAXIN (CCL11) may be the upstream factors of adverse functional outcomes following IS, while IL‐18 may be the downstream effect of adverse functional outcomes following IS. Whether these cytokines can be used to predict or improve adverse functional outcomes after IS requires further researches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Harvesting triplet excitons of large π‐conjugate aromatic molecules via cocrystal engineering for attaining near‐infrared (NIR) phosphorescence has aroused wide attention due to its fundamental significance and practical application. Herein, the pyrene (Py)‐N, N'‐bis(1‐ethylpropyl)‐2,5,8,11‐tetrakis(p‐methyl‐phenyl)‐perylenediimide (MP) organic cocrystal is designed and fabricated via the solution self‐assembly method, which demonstrates the NIR phosphorescence with a maximum peak at 730 nm and a photoluminescence quantum yield of 34.2%. The singlet states with an intermediate energy level from MP molecules bridges singlet and triplet states of Py molecules, resulting in efficient NIR phosphorescence. Importantly, the loose packing pattern makes MP an excellent elementary molecule that can be assembled with a variety of aromatic molecules, from ternary to six‐membered benzene rings and even larger benzene skeletons. In contrast to the limitations of traditional cocrystal systems, cocrystal engineering based on MP molecules with weak π–π interactions is no longer limited to the careful selection and collocation of molecular structures, uncertain assembly behavior, and unpredictable properties. This work holds considerable insights for the exploration of novel NIR phosphorescent materials via a universal strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Observational studies have suggested an association between lipid‐lowering drugs and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) risk. This study aimed to assess the causal influence of lipid‐lowering agents on IBD risk using Mendelian randomization analysis. Method: In a population of 173,082 individuals of European ancestry, 55 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms were identified as instrumental variables for 6 lipid‐lowering drug targets (HMGCR, NPC1LC, PCSK9, LDLR, CETP and APOB). Summary statistics for the genome‐wide association study of IBD, ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) were obtained from the FinnGen consortium, Program in Complex Trait Genomics and UK Biobank. Inverse‐variance weighted was employed as the primary MR method, and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals were reported as the results. Sensitivity analyses using conventional MR methods were conducted to assess result robustness. Results: Gene‐proxied inhibition of Niemann‐Pick C1‐like 1 (NPC1L1) was associated with an increased IBD risk (OR [95% CI]: 2.31 [1.38, 3.85]; p =.001), particularly in UC (OR [95% CI]: 2.40 [1.21, 4.74], p =.012), but not in CD. This finding was replicated in the validation cohort. Additionally, gene‐proxied inhibition of low‐density lipoprotein receptor was associated with reduced IBD (OR [95% CI]:.72 [.60,.87], p <.001) and UC risk (OR [95% CI]:.74 [.59,.92], p =.006), although this result was not replicated in the validation cohort. Other drug targets did not show significant associations with IBD, UC or CD risk. Conclusion: Inhibition of the lipid‐lowering drug‐target NPC1L1 leads to an increased IBD risk, mainly in the UC population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This letter presents a 148–170‐GHz 4‐bit variable gain amplifier (VGA) with stagger‐tuning and multistage‐phase‐compensation techniques. In the design of this proposed VGA, phase variation is minimized by cascading overcompensation VGA and undercompensation VGA with reverse gain‐phase characteristics and phase suppression characteristics at sideband, achieved through different shunt inductors to ground. Additionally, stagger‐tuning technique has been introduced to realize VGA design. To prove these techniques, a 148–170‐GHz 4‐bit VGA has been fabricated in 0.13‐μm SiGe bipolar complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (350/450 GHz ft/fmax) with a compact size of 0.165 mm2 $0.165 \,\text{mm}{}^{2}$. The results show the VGA achieves <4∘ $\lt {4}^{\circ }$ phase variation and over 10‐dB tuning range with 0.6‐dB gain step for a wide operating frequency from 148 to 170 GHz. The RMS gain error is <0.82 $\lt 0.82$ dB, the simulated input P1 dB ${P}_{1 \mathrm{dB}}$ is −10.5 $-10.5$ dBm and the total power consumption is 32.4‐mW with 2.25 V supply voltage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the construction of an experimental-based transcription factor (TF) interaction network in the seeds of Brassica napus, an important oil crop. The researchers used a method called mCrY2H-seq, which is a cost-effective and time-saving approach for screening protein-protein interactions. They identified 932 non-redundant TFs involved in seed development and organic accumulation. The resulting TF interaction network revealed both conserved subnetworks and previously unreported interactions related to hormone signaling pathways. The researchers also investigated the function of a specific TF, BnaGRF6, and found that its interaction with another TF, BnaWRI1, increased seed oil content. The study provides insights into the functions of genes in polyploid crops and has implications for molecular breeding advancements. [Extracted from the article]

The high concentration electrolytes with specific solvation structure could passivate the electrodes to prolong battery cycle life but at the expense of increased cost, which limits the wide application in commercialization. The regular concentration (1 m) electrolytes with suitable properties (viscosity, ionic conductivity, etc.) are cost‐guaranteed, but undesired reactions would always occur and lead to battery degradation during long cycles. To promote the long‐term cycle stability in a cost‐effective way, this work constructs bidirectional fluorine‐rich electrode/electrolyte interphase (EEI) by redistribution of solvents and electrochemical induction. The fluorinated effect with reasonable zoning planning restricts morphological disintegration, meanwhile, forms spatial confinement on cathode. In particular, the obtained cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) gets the ample ability of Na+ transport, which benefits from the fluorinated organics arranged in the epitaxy and the hemi‐carbonate content acting on the thickness. Thus, the electrochemical long cycling performance of F‐NVPOF||F‐CC full cells is significantly enhanced (the decay rate at 1 C per cycle is as low as 0.01%). Such a fluorine‐rich EEI engineering is expected to take transitional layers against the degradation of cells and make ultra‐long cycle batteries possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, the effect of molybdenum (Mo) and postrolling cooling processes on the mechanical properties and microstructure transformation characteristics of an X80 thick‐wall high‐strength pipeline steel are deeply investigated. The results reveal that the yield strength and tensile strength of the steel are enhanced with Mo addition at the equalization temperature of 480 °C at a cooling rate of 25 °C s−1, accompanied by the improvement in the yield ratio. However, when the postrolling cooling temperature is reduced to 380 °C, the mechanical properties of steels with Mo‐free and 0.29 wt% Mo are comparable. The mechanistic study indicates that the Mo addition would inhibit the transformation from deformed austenite to polygonal ferrite, and promote the transformation of acicular ferrite/granular bainite at medium–low temperatures, as well as significant differences in the volume fraction, size, and morphology of martensite/austenite (M/A) in the matrix. Notably, the volume fraction of M/A decreases from 7.2% to less than 1.0% with Mo content increasing, while its average size also reduces from 1.5 to less than 1.0 μm. And the fine, spheroidal, and dispersed M/A is found to play a vital role in the high‐strength and excellent low‐temperature toughness of the steel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The NE‐trending Jiangnan orogenic belt has experienced multi‐tectonic episodes since the Mesozoic separates the Yangtze Block in the north‐west from the Cathaysia Block in the south‐east. The Taqian–Fuchun thrust zone in north‐east Jiangxi Province is located in the eastern Jiangnan orogenic belt. It is considered as an essential unit to understand the geometry, kinematics and dynamics of the Mesozoic nappe structures in the eastern Jiangnan orogenic belt and an ideal region to reveal the Mesozoic tectonic evolution in South China. Here, we present new detailed structural data coupled with zircon U–Pb and apatite fission‐track dating studies, establishing a four‐stage deformation history and describing the geometry, kinematics, ages and dynamic background. The Middle–Late Triassic NW–SE compression event (D1, 243–226 Ma) is mainly characterized by regional angular unconformity between the Lower and Upper Triassic and asymmetric folding of the underlying strata. The associated regional NW–SE shortening was related to the intercontinental collision. The Middle–Late Jurassic NW–SE compression event (D2, 175–160 Ma) is characterized by the angular unconformity between the Middle Jurassic and Cretaceous and the SE‐vergent imbricate nappe structures. The shortening has been associated with the NW‐ward subduction of the Paleo‐Pacific Plate. The Late Jurassic–Cretaceous NW–SE extension event (D3, 160–67 Ma) includes the transition stage from compression to extension (160–145 Ma) and the intensive extension stage (145–67 Ma). The former is characterized by the development of the extensional detachment structures and intermediate‐acid magmatism, while the latter is characterized by the development of Cretaceous extensional sedimentary basins and A‐type granites. This extension was correlated to the slab roll‐back of the Paleo‐Pacific Plate. The Paleocene–Eocene compression event (D4, 67–35 Ma) is manifested by the thrusting of metamorphic rocks in the Shuangqiaoshan Group to the Cretaceous red beds. This shortening possibly originated from the collision between the India and Eurasian Plates. This study provides new constraints on the Mesozoic structural style and establish a reliable geochronological framework of the Mesozoic tectonic evolutions of the eastern Jiangnan orogenic belt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The purpose of the study was to determine the association between vena contracta area (VCA) and secondary leaflet tethering among mitral valve prolapse (MVP) patients, and thus to further identify and characterize an MVP with pathological leaflet tethering (MVPt+) phenotype. Methods: We prospectively evaluated 94 consecutive MVP patients with significant mitral regurgitation (MR) and 21 healthy controls. MVPt+ group was defined as tenting volume index (TVi) >.7 mL/m2. The three‐dimensional (3D) geometry of mitral valve apparatus and VCA was measured with dedicated quantification software. Results: Of the 94 patients with MVP and significant MR, 31 patients showed a TVi >.7 mL/m2 and entered the MVP with leaflet tethering (MVPt+) group. In stepwise multivariate analysis, only prolapse volume index and TVi were independently associated with 3D VCA. 3D VCA, annular area index, and plasma levels of NT‐proBNP were independently correlated with the severity of leaflet tethering. ROC curve revealed that a 3D VCA ≥.55 cm2 is the optimal cutoff point to predict MVPt+ phenotype. Conclusions: Secondary leaflet tethering is a significant mechanism behind severe degenerative MR, resulting in an MVPt+ phenotype featuring more advanced morphological and hemodynamical characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Melatonina natural harmless molecule—displays versatile roles in human health and crop disease control such as for rice blast. Rice blast, caused by the filamentous fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, is one devastating disease of rice. Application of fungicides is one of the major measures in the control of various crop diseases. However, fungicide resistance in the pathogen and relevant environmental pollution are becoming serious problems. By screening for possible synergistic combinations, here, we discovered an eco‐friendly combination for rice blast control, melatonin, and the fungicide isoprothiolane. These compounds together exhibited significant synergistic inhibitory effects on vegetative growth, conidial germination, appressorium formation, penetration, and plant infection by M. oryzae. The combination of melatonin and isoprothiolane reduced the effective concentration of isoprothiolane by over 10‐fold as well as residual levels of isoprothiolane. Transcriptomics and lipidomics revealed that melatonin and isoprothiolane synergistically interfered with lipid metabolism by regulating many common targets, including the predicted isocitrate lyase‐encoding gene MoICL1. Furthermore, using different techniques, we show that melatonin and isoprothiolane interact with MoIcl1. This study demonstrates that melatonin and isoprothiolane function synergistically and can be used to reduce the dosage and residual level of isoprothiolane, potentially contributing to the environment‐friendly and sustainable control of crop diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The isotopic composition of lithium (Li) in clinopyroxene (Cpx), determined via in situ micro‐analysis, has been employed as a potential geochemical tool for studying various geological processes such as crust‐mantle recycling, silicate weathering and fluid‐rock interaction. To obtain precise and accurate Li isotopic compositions in Cpx by LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS, synthetic Cpx matrix‐matched reference materials (RMs) were prepared in this study. Six Cpx‐matrix RMs were prepared by mixing metallic oxides with GSP‐2 (granodiorite) or pure L‐SVEC solution and melting them into glasses (GSP‐2 + oxide; L‐SVEC + oxide). Two representative synthetic glasses, CPXA01 and CPXB01, were subjected to a series of analyses to investigate the possible qualification of the RMs for in situ Li isotope measurement by LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS, including elemental homogeneity analysis (elemental mapping analysis and spot analysis), Li isotopic homogeneity analysis and accurate Li isotopic determination. The applicability of the synthetic Cpx‐matrix RMs was highlighted by comparing the δ7Li values of three natural Cpx calibrated against the synthetic Cpx‐matrix RMs and other commonly used RMs with different matrices (NIST SRM 612, BCR‐2G, GOR128‐G, StHs6/80‐G, KL2‐G and T1‐G), respectively. Additionally, CPXB01‐05 RMs with the same matrix but different Li contents were prepared to explore the Li content mismatch effect, which is significant for accurate determination of in situ Li isotopic composition by LA‐MC‐ICP‐MS. The results of the cross‐calibration of Li isotopes in CPXA01 and CPXB01 suggested no obvious Li isotopic fractionation between the two types of glasses (GSP‐2 + oxide; L‐SVEC + oxide). Thus, the two methods of producing Cpx‐matrix RMs are suitable for preparing the matrix‐matched RMs for in situ microanalysis for Li isotopes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a case of a 60-year-old female with a coronary arterio-pulmonary fistula, emphasizing the use of minimally invasive small-incision off-pump ligation monitored by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). The surgical approach, performed without cardiopulmonary bypass, demonstrated successful ligation of the fistula with TEE providing real-time monitoring and evaluation of the surgery's efficacy, highlighting the safety of this method for treating coronary artery fistulas.

A low‐profile rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (RDRA) through the slot‐based feed method is studied for the multiband operation. Based on the perfect magnetic wall (PMW) model and dielectric waveguide model (DWM), field distributions and resonant frequencies of the RDRA intrinsic modes are calculated for multimodal analysis. The microstrip backed slot coupling scheme is employed for the simultaneous excitation of multiple modes. A prototype is fabricated and validated. By generating 10 modes simultaneously including TEy111 to TEy711, and TEx221 to TEx421 modes. The RDRA is able to provide good multiband performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A previous genome‐wide association study (GWAS) revealed an association of the noncoding SNP rs1663689 with susceptibility to lung cancer in the Chinese population. However, the underlying mechanism is unknown. In this study, using allele‐specific 4C‐seq in heterozygous lung cancer cells combined with epigenetic information from CRISPR/Cas9‐edited cell lines, we show that the rs1663689 C/C variant represses the expression of ADGRG6, a gene located on a separate chromosome, through an interchromosomal interaction of the rs1663689 bearing region with the ADGRG6 promoter. This reduces downstream cAMP‐PKA signaling and subsequently tumor growth both in vitro and in xenograft models. Using patient‐derived organoids, we show that rs1663689 T/T—but not C/C—bearing lung tumors are sensitive to the PKA inhibitor H89, potentially informing therapeutic strategies. Our study identifies a genetic variant‐mediated interchromosomal interaction underlying ADGRG6 regulation and suggests that targeting the cAMP‐PKA signaling pathway may be beneficial in lung cancer patients bearing the homozygous risk genotype at rs1663689. Synopsis: This study shows a trans‐effect of a noncoding genetic variant and suggests a personalized treatment strategy for lung cancer patients harboring the T/T genotype at rs1663689. rs1663689 regulates lung cancer progression.rs1663689 regulates ADGRG6 expression through interchromosomal interaction.Organoids derived from lung cancer patients carrying the risk allele at rs1663689 respond to PKA inhibitor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: Cold stress is a major factor limiting the production and geographical distribution of rice (Oryza sativa) varieties. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying cold tolerance remain to be elucidated. Here, we report that ornithine δ‐aminotransferase (OsOAT) contributes to cold tolerance during the vegetative and reproductive development of rice. osoat mutant was identified as a temperature‐sensitive male sterile mutant with deformed floral organs and seedlings sensitive to cold stress. Comparative transcriptome analysis showed that OsOAT mutation and cold treatment of the wild‐type plant led to similar changes in the global gene expression profiles in anthers. OsOAT genes in indica rice Huanghuazhan (HHZ) and japonica rice Wuyungeng (WYG) are different in gene structure and response to cold. OsOAT is cold‐inducible in WYG but cold‐irresponsive in HHZ. Further studies showed that indica varieties carry both WYG‐type and HHZ‐type OsOAT, whereas japonica varieties mostly carry WYG‐type OsOAT. Cultivars carrying HHZ‐type OsOAT are mainly distributed in low‐latitude regions, whereas varieties carrying WYG‐type OsOAT are distributed in both low‐ and high‐latitude regions. Moreover, indica varieties carrying WYG‐type OsOAT generally have higher seed‐setting rates than those carrying HHZ‐type OsOAT under cold stress at reproductive stage, highlighting the favorable selection for WYG‐type OsOAT during domestication and breeding to cope with low temperatures. Significance Statement: The identification of genes important for cold tolerance can promote the molecular breeding of cold‐tolerant rice varieties. This study discovered two major natural alleles of OsOAT that conferred different levels of cold tolerance, thereby providing a good candidate gene for breeding of rice plants with enhanced cold tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This letter presents a compact lumped‐element two‐way differential to single‐ended Wilkinson power combiner with embedded impedance transformation. It consists of two transformer baluns and two parallel resistance and capacitor (RC) branches. The two transformers generate high‐order impedance transformation networks at even‐mode operation and form resonators together with the two parallel RC branches at odd‐mode operation, thus achieving broadband impedance matching and power combining with a compact area. A proof‐of‐concept prototype working at 1.7 GHz is designed and fabricated. Measurement results show that the peak isolation is 24.5 dB, insertion loss is from 0.34 to 1.15 dB and magnitude and phase imbalance are within 0.1 dB and 1∘ ${1}^{\circ }$, respectively, over the frequency range from 1.37 to 1.97 GHz. The area is only 6.54 mm × $\times $ 6 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new folded optical system with an enhanced efficiency using two polarization‐selective cholesteric liquid crystal reflectors is proposed. In conventional pancake optics, the optical path length is tripled but its efficiency drops to 25%. Our new configuration provides 50% efficiency, while the optical path length is doubled. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We demonstrate an ultracompact virtual reality (VR) system with thickness of about 1‐cm. In this system, the imaging optics consists of a lenslet array, a deflector array, and a Pancharatnam‐Berry deflector (PBD). We have experimentally demonstrated a polarization interpolation configuration to reduce the system thickness by nearly 50%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pancake lens structure offers a promising solution to compact formfactor for near-eye displays. However, utilizing a half mirror to triple the optical path length causes a dramatic optical loss. The theoretical maximum optical efficiency is only 25%. To balance the tradeoff between compact formfactor and optical efficiency, here we propose a new folded optical structure with a doubled efficiency and doubled optical path length, using two polarizationselective cholesteric liquid crystal reflectors. Simulation results agree with the experiment reasonably well. Two display configurations are established to evaluate the imaging performances of the proposed pancake lens structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regulating the microenvironment of active sites is crucial to boost the performance of direct propene epoxidation with H2 and O2. Herein, the enhanced surface transfer of H2O2 intermediates was first achieved by sodium‐decorated Au‐Ti bifunctional active sites. Combined with multi‐techniques (e.g., operando UV–vis–NIR system, DFT studies and quantitative model calculations), it is found that the sodium‐decorated silanols (Si‐ONa species) on the TS‐1 support enhance the formation of Ti‐OOH intermediates by restraining H2O2 decomposition. In addition, sodium‐decorated silanols improves the desorption of propylene oxide, suppressing its ring‐opening and formation for the carbonaceous deposits. Moreover, the sodium‐decorated Au nanoparticles with smaller diameter and higher electron density further strengthen O2 adsorption and boost the H2O2 formation. This work not only provides fundamental understandings on the microenvironment of Au‐Ti bifunctional catalysts but also sheds new light on enhancing the performance by boosting the surface molecular transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High‐performance tin‐lead perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are needed for all‐perovskite‐tandem solar cells. However, iodide related fast photodegradation severely limits the operational stability of Sn‐Pb perovskites despite the demonstrated high efficiency and thermal stability. Herein, this work employs an alkylammonium pseudo‐halogen additive to enhance the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and photostability of methylammonium (MA)‐free, Sn‐Pb PSCs. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the pseudo‐halogen tetrafluoroborate (BF4−) has strong binding capacity with metal ions (Sn2+/Pb2+) in the Sn‐Pb perovskite lattice, which lowers iodine vacancy formation. Upon combining BF4− with an octylammonium (OA+) cation, the PCE of the device with a built‐in light‐scattering layer is boosted to 23.7%, which represents a new record for Sn‐Pb PSCs. The improved efficiency benefits from the suppressed defect density. Under continuous 1 sun illumination, the OABF4 embodied PSCs show slower generation of interstitial iodides and iodine, which greatly improves the device photostability under open‐circuit condition. Moreover, the device based on OABF4 retains 88% of the initial PCE for 1000 h under the maximum‐power‐point tracking (MPPT) without cooling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Harvesting solar energy to drive the semiconductor photocatalysis offers a promising tactic to address ever‐growing challenges of both energy shortage and environmental pollution. Design and synthesis of nano‐heterostructure photocatalysts with controllable components and morphologies are the key factors for achieving highly efficient photocatalytic processes. One‐dimensional (1D) semiconductor nanofibers produced by electrospinning possess a large ratio of length to diameter, high ratio of surface to volume, small grain sizes, and high porosity, which are ideally suited for photocatalytic reactions from the viewpoint of structure advantage. After the secondary treatment of these nanofibers through the solvothermal, gas reduction, in situ doping, or assembly methods, the multi‐component nanofibers with hierarchical nano‐heterostructures can be obtained to further enhance their light absorption and charge carrier separation during the photocatalytic processes. In recent years, the electrospun semiconductor‐based nano‐heterostructures have become a "hot topic" in the fields of photocatalytic energy conversion and environmental remediation. This review article summarizes the recent progress in electrospinning synthesis of various kinds of high‐performance semiconductor‐based nano‐heterostructure photocatalysts for H2 production, CO2 reduction, and decomposition of pollutants. The future perspectives of these materials are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sn-based perovskite materials with nontoxic, low cost, and unique structure have attracted much attention. However, their efficiency only reaches 14.09% due to the higher carrier recombination rate and short carrier lifetime in photovoltaic applications. Herein, the interfacial electronic structure, optical absorption, interfacial charge transfer mechanism, and photovoltaic performance of the CsSnBr3/MoSe2 perovskite heterostructure are systematically investigated by theoretical calculation and experimental observation. The results indicate that the strong coupling and hybridization of interfacial electronic states can lead to a narrowing bandgap, which induces an excellent optical absorption of the CsSnBr3/MoSe2 perovskite heterostructure in the visible spectrum. Excitingly, the charge transfer at the interface forms a built-in electric field, which can effectively promote the interfacial charge transfer between CsSnBr3 (001) and MoSe2 monolayer, complying with a Z-scheme mechanism. Moreover, the photovoltaic performance of the CsSnBr3/MoSe2 heterostructure significantly enhances due to excellent light absorption and Z-scheme system for extending carrier lifetime. An effective strategy for designing highly efficient Sn-based perovskite solar cells is reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]