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This study explored the decision‐making processes of soldiers as they evaluated scenarios containing information offering various levels of certainty. Soldiers with different levels of experience read scenarios that presented potential threats and then identified the priority threat, their confidence in this identification, and the cues they used to identify priority threats. Soldiers then searched for additional scenario‐relevant information and modified their reports if their assessments changed. Compared with inexperienced soldiers, experienced soldiers reported a greater number of priority threats and informative cues and were more likely to search additional topics that matched details in their initial assessments. High certainty scenarios yielded more identified threats, more cues, and higher confidence in initial reports. Soldiers' initial assessments rarely changed after additional information searches, but when they did, they were associated with low initial confidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In many species, dispersal is decisive for survival in a changing climate. Simulation models for population dynamics under climate change thus need to account for this factor. Moreover, large numbers of species inhabiting agricultural landscapes are subject to disturbances induced by human land use. We included dispersal in the HiLEG model that we previously developed to study the interaction between climate change and agricultural land use in single populations. Here, the model was parameterized for the large marsh grasshopper (LMG) in cultivated grasslands of North Germany to analyze (1) the species development and dispersal success depending on the severity of climate change in subregions, (2) the additional effect of grassland cover on dispersal success, and (3) the role of dispersal in compensating for detrimental grassland mowing. Our model simulated population dynamics in 60‐year periods (2020–2079) on a fine temporal (daily) and high spatial (250 × 250 m2) scale in 107 subregions, altogether encompassing a range of different grassland cover, climate change projections, and mowing schedules. We show that climate change alone would allow the LMG to thrive and expand, while grassland cover played a minor role. Some mowing schedules that were harmful to the LMG nevertheless allowed the species to moderately expand its range. Especially under minor climate change, in many subregions dispersal allowed for mowing early in the year, which is economically beneficial for farmers. More severe climate change could facilitate LMG expansion to uninhabited regions but would require suitable mowing schedules along the path. These insights can be transferred to other species, given that the LMG is considered a representative of grassland communities. For more specific predictions on the dynamics of other species affected by climate change and land use, the publicly available HiLEG model can be easily adapted to the characteristics of their life cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Body and food‐related information are thought to activate cognitive biases and contribute to the maintenance of eating disorders (ED). Approach‐avoidance biases may play an important role in the maintenance of dietary restriction and excessive food intake. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine approach‐avoidance biases toward food and body stimuli in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and healthy controls (HC). Methods: The study included 42 individuals with AN, 24 individuals with BN, and 38 HCs. We used two implicit Approach‐Avoidance Tasks (AAT) to assess approach‐avoidance biases: participants completed a Food‐AAT (high‐calorie vs. low‐calorie food) and a Body‐AAT (thin vs. normal weight bodies). Additionally, explicit ratings of food and body stimuli were assessed. Results: There were no significant Group × Stimulus × Direction interactions in the implicit Food‐AAT or implicit Body‐AAT. In explicit ratings, individuals with AN and BN reported less urge to eat and more regret if they ate high‐calorie and low‐calorie food; individuals with AN and BN rated normal weight bodies as less normal weight, less attractive and less desirable than HCs. There were no group differences in explicit ratings of the thin body. Discussion: We did not find evidence for biased approach‐avoidance tendencies toward food or body stimuli in individuals with AN or BN. Future studies are necessary to understand conflicting findings regarding approach‐avoidance biases toward food and body stimuli in individuals with ED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Previous research suggested that exposure to the thin beauty ideal propagated by the media is associated with body dissatisfaction and the development of disordered eating. Given recent suggestions regarding the role of automatic processes, we aimed to enhance our understanding of automatic, unconscious responses to body pictures and the association with the internalization of the thin ideal and the severity of eating disorder symptoms. Method: An affective priming task with body pictures of different weight as primes and a normal‐weight body picture as target, which had to be evaluated with regard to attractiveness and desirability, was administered to healthy women with either subliminal prime presentation (Experiment 1) or conscious presentation (Experiment 2). Results: Subliminal presentation did not affect the evaluation of the normal‐weight target, although strength of evaluative shifts was significantly associated with internalization of the thin ideal. In contrast, the conscious presentation of the ultra‐thin prime decreased and of the obese prime increased desirability and attractiveness ratings of the target. Discussion: Prevention strategies focusing on the critical evaluation of the thin ideal are important. Future studies are warranted to enhance our understanding of automatic, unconscious processes in women experiencing eating disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cdc42 is a small RhoGTPase regulating multiple functions in eukaryotic cells. The activity of Cdc42 is significantly elevated in several tissues of aged mice, while the Cdc42 gain‐of‐activity mouse model presents with a premature aging‐like phenotype and with decreased lifespan. These data suggest a causal connection between elevated activity of Cdc42, aging, and reduced lifespan. Here, we demonstrate that systemic treatment of aged (75‐week‐old) female C57BL/6 mice with a Cdc42 activity‐specific inhibitor (CASIN) for 4 consecutive days significantly extends average and maximum lifespan. Moreover, aged CASIN‐treated animals displayed a youthful level of the aging‐associated cytokines IL‐1β, IL‐1α, and INFγ in serum and a significantly younger epigenetic clock as based on DNA methylation levels in blood cells. Overall, our data show that systemic administration of CASIN to reduce Cdc42 activity in aged mice extends murine lifespan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Etiological models of eating disorders (EDs) describe body dissatisfaction (BD)as one of the major influences fostering dysfunctional body‐related behaviour and disordered eating behaviour. BD is influenced by repeated exposure to thin ideals that evoke high self‐ideal discrepancy and result in body‐related cognitive distortions such as thought–shape fusion body (TSF‐B). The aim of this study was to investigate the covariation of daily media exposure and the experience of TSF‐B in a naturalistic setting. It was further analysed whether TSF‐B is associated with self‐ideal discrepancy, dysfunctional body‐related behaviour, and disordered eating behaviour. Moreover, person‐related predictors of TSF‐B were explored. Altogether, 51healthy female students (mean age 21.06years, SD = 1.76) participated in an ecological momentary assessment study with four daily surveys during 10consecutive days. Exposure with thin ideals in contrast to exposure to unspecific media contents went along with the experience of TSF‐B. TSF‐B was associated with higher self‐ideal discrepancy and dysfunctional body‐related behaviour as well as more pronounced disordered eating behaviour, suggesting that TSF‐B is a common phenomenon in young healthy females' everyday life. A main effect of trait measures (e.g., pre‐existing BD) on TSF‐B was observable but has no moderating effect. Thus, a specific vulnerability has not been detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little is known about the mechanisms underlying how interviewers establish and monitor baselines of respondent behaviour. This study addresses this knowledge gap by characterising the practice of establishing baselines and measuring the accuracy of interviewer judgements based on assessments of baseline and departure behaviours. Eighteen professional interviewers viewed two videos of naturalistic interviews, reported the cues they perceived as informative for establishing and assessing a baseline, and diagnosed respondents' internal states. Participants reported multiple cue types as informative, but predominantly relied on non‐verbal cues. Overall, participants were sensitive to 27% of respondents' identified internal states but showed improvement over time. They achieved a hit rate of 20% during early interview stages and a hit rate of 33% during late stages. Although non‐verbal cues dominated reports, attending to verbal cues afforded participants greater efficiency in identifying respondent internal states. Implications and recommendations for practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The generally held opinion that seeds of Lunaria remain at the replum after detachment of the two valves and then wind causes a shaking or rattling of the replum with its diaphragm, thus launching the seeds, is challenged. In a sparse forest in the Swabian Alb, the first author noticed flying valves of Lunaria rediviva to which the narrow‐winged flat seeds are attached. Investigations with SEM and histology have shown that the valves secrete a glue only at those sites where the seeds rest on the valves before valve tissues die. Further analysis has shown (using the periodic acid‐Schiff reaction) that the glue consists of polysaccharides. After detachment and dispersal of the valves, the adhesive strength continuously decreases. This is the first report for a sticky valve exudate in the Brassicaceae. Because of the adhesion of Lunaria seeds to their valves for some time, the 1st order diaspore is a mericarp, in a broad sense, and can be interpreted as an adaptation to long‐distance dispersal by stronger winds. In this context, the ‘flying carpets’ of Lunaria are more effective and transport more than one seed. Molecular studies assigned Lunaria to the tribe Biscutelleae, which now contains the angustiseptate genera Biscutella and Megadenia as well as the latiseptate genera Lunaria and Ricotia. The valves in Ricotia can easily be detached (studied in herbarium material and a living plant), but, in contrast to Lunaria, the ripe seeds remain at the replum and its diaphragm, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Power-to-gas is a storage technology aiming to convert surplus electricity from renewable energy sources like wind and solar power into gaseous fuels compatible with the current network infrastructure. Results of CO2 dissociation in a vortex-stabilized microwave plasma reactor are presented. The microwave field, residence time, quenching, and vortex configuration were varied to investigate their influence on energy- and conversion efficiency of CO2 dissociation. Significant deterioration of the energy efficiency is observed at forward vortex plasmas upon increasing pressure in the range of 100 mbar towards atmospheric pressure, which is mitigated by using a reverse vortex flow configuration of the plasma reactor. Data from optical emission shows that under all conditions covered by the experiments the gas temperature is in excess of 4000 K, suggesting a predominant thermal dissociation. Different strategies are proposed to enhance energy and conversion efficiencies of plasma-driven dissociation of CO2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Objective Previous research demonstrated that the exposure to media portrayals of the thin body ideal negatively affects body satisfaction and mood of healthy women and thus represents a sociocultural risk factor for the development of eating disorders. However, at present, it is not known whether negative effects of the thin ideal are pronounced in eating-disordered patients. Method Female inpatients with a current diagnosis of anorexia nervosa ( N = 36), bulimia nervosa ( N = 32), or mood or anxiety disorder ( N = 31), and women with no current psychiatric diagnosis were randomly assigned to exposure to magazine pictures depicting the thin female body ideal or landscape scenes in two experimental phases (leafing through a magazine followed by instructed imagination of a picture from the magazine). The groups were compared on measures of body satisfaction and mood that were collected before and after the two phases. Results Leafing through a fashion magazine was not associated with negative effects on body satisfaction or mood in all groups. Imagining the thin ideal resulted in a decrease in body satisfaction and a decrease in positive mood. We found no diagnosis-specific effects indicating no stronger negative impact of the thin ideal on eating-disorder patients. Discussion Given the lacking differences between eating-disordered patients and controls, these findings underline the importance of future research to enhance our understanding of what happens when patients are exposed to external or internal stimuli of media images of the thin ideal. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:708-715) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Alibis are critical components of innocent suspects' efforts to prove their innocence. However, they can often be inaccurate. Two experiments explored factors influencing innocent alibi generation. Experiment 1 tested the effect of retrieval cue (time vs. location vs. paired time and location) on report accuracy and schema reliance. Experiment 2 tested the effect of the schema consistency of critical whereabouts (consistent vs. inconsistent) on alibi accuracy and schema reliance. Methods Both experiments used the same paradigm: Participants engaged in a critical event (two events in Experiment 2), then participated in an ostensibly unrelated study occurring roughly 1 week later. During this unrelated study (in reality, the alibi generating portion of this study), participants were interviewed about their whereabouts for various times during the previous week (including the times of the critical events). Alibis were scored for accuracy and schema consistency. Results In Experiment 1, a time cue and a paired time and location cue yielded lower rates of accuracy than did a location cue. Cues including a time referent yielded high rates of schema reliance. In Experiment 2, accuracy was lower when whereabouts were schema inconsistent than when they were schema consistent. Confidence was high across conditions, irrespective of accuracy. Conclusion Time cuing appears to elicit schema reliance when generating alibis. Schema retrieval may inflate confidence in accuracy; thus, schema reliance may lead to inaccurate reporting, particularly when critical whereabouts are atypical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atopic eczema is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting about 30% of Australian and New Zealand children. Severe eczema costs over AUD 6000/year per child in direct medical, hospital and treatment costs as well as time off work for caregivers and untold distress for the family unit. In addition, it has a negative impact on a child's sleep, education, development and selfesteem. The treatment of atopic eczema is complex and multifaceted but a core component of therapy is to manage the inflammation with topical corticosteroids (TCS). Despite this, TCS are often underutilised by many parents due to corticosteroid phobia and unfounded concerns about their adverse effects. This has led to extended and unnecessary exacerbations of eczema for children. Contrary to popular perceptions, (TCS) use in paediatric eczema does not cause atrophy, hypopigmentation, hypertrichosis, osteoporosis, purpura or telangiectasia when used appropriately as per guidelines. In rare cases, prolonged and excessive use of potent TCS has contributed to striae, short-term hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis alteration and ophthalmological disease. TCS use can also exacerbate periorificial rosacea. TCS are very effective treatments for eczema. When they are used to treat active eczema and stopped once the active inflammation has resolved, adverse effects are minimal. TCS should be the cornerstone treatment of atopic eczema in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two experiments tested mnemonics for enhancing memory for family meeting occurrences and details. Experiment 1 tested a set of seven mnemonics to facilitate recollections of family meeting occurrences. Mnemonics helped respondents report 70% more event occurrences than were reported during unaided free recall. Experiment 2 tested (i) a revised set of mnemonics to facilitate recollections of family meeting occurrences and (ii) a version of the cognitive interview to facilitate recollections of event details. Similar to Experiment 1, the revised set of mnemonics helped respondents recall double the number of events recalled during unaided free recall. For event details, when compared with a control interview, the cognitive interview elicited more than twice as many person, conversation, action, and setting details. The mnemonics used in these experiments are relatively easy to modify and implement in intelligence-gathering interviews with human intelligence sources. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microwave plasmas at atmospheric pressure are used for surface treatments like for example cleaning, sterilization or decontamination purposes, for a pre-treatment to increase the adhesion of lacquer, paint, or glue, and for the deposition of different kind of layers and coatings. Micro plasma jets can also be applied for biomedical applications and for treatment of small and complex geometries like for example the inside of capillaries. Larger plasma torches which exhibit higher gas temperatures can also be used for chemical syntheses like waste gas decomposition, methane pyrolysis, or carbon dioxide dissociation and for plasma spraying purposes. In the present publication an overview on the development and the investigation of the operating principle of two atmospheric pressure microwave plasma torches at frequencies of 2.45 GHz and 915 MHz will be presented. The plasma sources are based on a cylindrical resonator combined with coaxial structures. To explain how these plasma sources work, simulations of the electric field distribution will be discussed. Furthermore, some physical characteristics of an air and an Ar/H2 atmospheric plasma like gas temperatures, excitation temperatures and densities as well as the heating of the plasma by the microwave will be investigated. (© 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. Most past research on detecting deception has relied on the assumption that liars often fabricate a story to account for their whereabouts, whereas truth tellers simply recall an autobiographical memory. However, little research has examined whether liars, when free to choose the topic of their own reports, will actually choose to fabricate information rather than use a different strategy for constructing their lies. We describe two studies that evaluated liars' strategies for selecting the content of their lies when given the freedom to choose whatever content they desired. Method. In Studies 1 ( N= 35) and 2 ( N= 22) participants (a) described a truthful story in order to identify a salient event, then (b) lied about the event, and finally (c) described their strategies for choosing the content of the reported lies. Results. Liars overwhelmingly chose to report a previously experienced event for the time period they were to be deceptive about (67% and 86% in Studies 1 and 2, respectively). The majority of discrete details reported were experienced, occurred relatively frequently, occurred relatively recently, and were typical or routine. Conclusions. These findings have significant implications for the development of cognitive-based interventions for detecting deception. In particular, some methods of deception that rely on content analysis may be ineffective if liars choose to report previous experiences rather than outright fabrications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The investigated new microwave plasma torch is based on an axially symmetric resonator. Microwaves of a frequency of 2.45 GHz are resonantly fed into this cavity resulting in a sufficiently high electric field to ignite plasma without any additional igniters as well as to maintain stable plasma operation. Optical emission spectroscopy was carried out to characterize a humid air plasma. OH-bands were used to determine the gas rotational temperature T rot while the electron temperature was estimated by a Boltzmann plot of oxygen lines. Maximum temperatures of T rot of about 3600 K and electron temperatures of 5800 K could be measured. The electron density n e was estimated to n e ≈ 3 · 1020m-3 by using Saha's equation. Parametric studies in dependence of the gas flow and the supplied microwave power revealed that the maximum temperatures are independent of these parameters. However, the volume of the plasma increases with increasing microwave power and with a decrease of the gas flow. Considerations using collision frequencies, energy transfer times and power coupling provide an explanation of the observed phenomena: The optimal microwave heating is reached for electron-neutral collision frequencies νen being near to the angular frequency of the wave ω (© 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are very specific demands on the plasma processes used in various plasma technological applications. Microwave plasmas offer a wide range of applications for different pressures ranging from very low pressure (<0.1 Pa) over low pressure (0.1-100 Pa) and medium pressure (103-104 Pa) up to atmospheric pressure (105 Pa). This contribution is a short review on some microwave based plasma sources at different pressure ranges and a brief introduction into the plasma physics behind them (© 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present experiment examined the role of cognitive flexibility in the consistency of truth tellers' and liars' reports. We expected liars to be less flexible (less able to report an experience in different ways) and hence less consistent than truth tellers when asked to describe an event in different ways (e.g. verbally and pictorially). In the experiment, truth tellers entered a room and performed several tasks, whereas liars did not enter the room or perform the tasks but attempted to convince an interviewer that they did. Truth tellers and liars were interviewed twice about the room and tasks, and were asked to express their answers either the same way on both interviews (e.g. verbally then again verbally) or in different ways (e.g. verbally then pictorially). In support of the cognitive flexibility hypothesis, liars' reports were less consistent than truth tellers' reports, particularly when reporting in different ways across interviews. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. Consistency as a cue to detecting deception was tested in two experiments using sketch drawing and verbal reports in repeated interviews. Liars were expected to be less consistent than truth-tellers. Methods. In Expt 1, 80 undergraduate students reported truthfully or deceptively about an alleged lunch date - they sketched the layout of the restaurant and then answered spatial questions about objects in the restaurant. Ratings were given for the consistency between sketches and verbal reports. In Expt 2, 34 undergraduate students reported truthfully or deceptively about completing a series of unrelated tasks - they answered spatial questions about objects in a room and then sketched the layout of the room. Proportions were calculated for the consistency between verbal reports and sketches. Results. Expt 1. Liars were rated as less consistent than truth-tellers. Up to 80% of truth-tellers and 70% of liars could be correctly classified. Expt 2. Liars were less consistent than truth-tellers on consistency proportions. Up to 100% of truth-tellers and 77% of liars could be correctly classified. Conclusions. Using sketches to induce inconsistency may be a reliable, resource efficient way to help investigators detect deception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On 25 January 2011, thousands of Egyptians gathered to raise their voices against their country's long-standing president, Hosni Mubarak. I received the news as I was conducting fieldwork in a research department of an international bank based in Zurich. Here, I document how Egypt's revolution was perceived, discussed and interpreted within this research department. I argue that the process of 'pricing the revolution' that took place may be understood as an ongoing interaction among participants in financial markets and that, given this, it should be understood as a social process, rather than an economic one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Background: Migraine is very common in school-aged children, but despite a number of pharmacological and non-pharmacological options for prophylaxis, randomized controlled evidence in children is small. Evidence-based prophylactic drugs may have considerable side effects. Objective: This study was to assess efficacy of a butterbur root extract (Petadolex®) and music therapy in primary school children with migraine. Design: Prospective, randomized, partly double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial. Methods: Following a 8-week baseline patients were randomized and received either butterbur root extract (n =19), music therapy (n =20) or placebo (n =19) over 12 weeks. All participants received additionally headache education (“treatment as usual”) from the baseline onwards. Reduction of headache frequency after treatment (8-week post-treatment) as well as 6 months later (8-week follow-up) was the efficacy variable. Results: Data analysis of subjects completing the respective study phase showed that during post-treatment, only music therapy was superior to placebo (p =0.005), whereas in the follow-up period both music therapy and butterbur root extract were superior to placebo (p =0.018 and p =0.044, respectively). All groups showed a substantial reduction of attack frequency already during baseline. Conclusion: Butterbur root extract and music therapy might be superior to placebo and may represent promising treatment approaches in the prophylaxis of paediatric migraine. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background Micronutrient status can affect cognitive function in the elderly; however, there is much to learn about the precise effects. Understanding mediating factors by which micronutrient status affects cognitive function would contribute to elders' quality of life and their ability to remain in the home. Objectives The Nutrition, Aging, and Memory in Elders (NAME) Study is designed to advance the current level of knowledge by investigating potential mediating factors by which micronutrient status contributes to cognitive impairment and central nervous system abnormalities in the elderly. NAME targets homebound elders because they are understudied and particularly at risk for poor nutritional status. Methods Subjects are community-based elders aged 60 and older, recruited through area Aging Services Access Points. The NAME core data include demographics; neuropsychological testing and activities of daily living measures; food frequency, health and behavioral questionnaires; anthropometrics; gene status; plasma micronutrients, homocysteine, and other blood determinants. A neurological examination, psychiatric examination, and brain MRI and volumetric measurements are obtained from a sub-sample. Results Preliminary data from first 300 subjects are reported. These data show that the NAME protocol is feasible and that the enrolled subjects are racially diverse, at-risk, and had similar basic demographics to the population from which they were drawn. Conclusion The goal of the NAME study is to evaluate novel relationships between nutritional factors and cognitive impairment. These data may provide important information on potential new therapeutic strategies and supplementation standards for the elderly to maintain cognitive function and potentially reduce the public health costs of dementia. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVES: To describe patterns of cognitive deficits and activities of daily living (ADLs) in older people with diabetes mellitus. DESIGN: Cross-sectional, population-based study. SETTING: Three homecare agency areas in Boston, Massachusetts. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred ninety-one homebound people aged 60 and older; 40% with diabetes mellitus. MEASUREMENTS: Demographic data; evidence of diabetes mellitus and other diseases; Mini-Mental State Examination and tests of memory and executive function; ADLs. RESULTS: Executive and visuospatial functions were more impaired in individuals with diabetes mellitus than in those without, as assessed using Block Design (mean score±standard deviation 17.1±8.6 vs 20.5±9.6, P=.003) and Trails B (median seconds to accomplish the task: 255 vs 201, P=.03). For memory, word retention score was lower in those with diabetes mellitus than without (39.1±28.9 vs 48.0±29.7, P=.01), but the other memory tests did not show a difference between these two subgroups. More individuals with diabetes mellitus suffered from depressive symptoms than those without (55% vs 42%, P=.03). The ADL scores of those with diabetes mellitus were higher than those without. CONCLUSION: The pattern of cognitive deficits in people with diabetes mellitus suggests frontal-subcortical dysfunction, as seen in microvascular disease of the brain. The impairment in ADLs may be associated with this executive dysfunction, which cerebral microvascular disease in diabetes mellitus may cause. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: Privacy; Public policy; Epidemics; COVID-19 EN Privacy Public policy Epidemics COVID-19 94 94 1 07/21/20 20200715 NES 200715 I B In reply b i I B : b i The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has raised complex ethical questions, many of which focus on technology-based contact tracing. Privacy, Public policy, Epidemics, COVID-19. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: COVID-19; Infectious diseases; Respiratory tract infections; Public health; Technology; Mobile applications; Data collection EN COVID-19 Infectious diseases Respiratory tract infections Public health Technology Mobile applications Data collection 6 6 1 07/07/20 20200701 NES 200701 A false impression of technological panacea may see much needed interventions overlooked and may introduce unintended consequences and risks In the face of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) limiting free movement, experts are scrambling to mitigate the profound impact that the disease is having on our lives. Contact tracing apps may assist in manual tracing, in turn slowing the virus' spread, but usage of an app does not render the individual protected from infection nor does it guarantee successful tracking without intensive manual efforts. However, the I Privacy Amendment (Public Health Contact Information) Act i 2020[17] passed on 14 May provides no such protections.[18] It provides an exemption to those accidentally collecting COVIDSafe data as part of a wider collection of non-COVIDSafe data. COVID-19, Infectious diseases, Respiratory tract infections, Public health, Technology, Mobile applications, Data collection. [Extracted from the article]

Abstract A rare case of a congenital brain tumor was diagnosed by sonography in a fetus at 33 weeks’ gestation. The ultrasound examination showed a large area of both increased echogenicity and echolucency in one hemisphere suggestive of brain tumor or hemorrhage. The neuropathological examination revealed an undifferentiated glial tumor with large areas of necrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]