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This study explored magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) radiative unsteady free convective hybrid nanofluid flow over an exponentially accelerated vertical plate under the impact of transverse magnetic force with first‐order chemical reaction. The term “hybrid” or “composite” nanofluid refers to a mixture of water‐containing nanoparticles (NPs) of Ag$\rm Ag$ and TiO2$\rm TiO_2$ that have been dissolved in the base fluid to create the hybrid nanofluid. The crux of the investigation is the attention to two different cases of magnetic force, one being stationary relative to the plate and the other close to the fluid. The Dimensional equations are transformed into dimensionless forms using non‐dimensional quantities. The Laplace Transform technique is used to obtain the closed‐form solutions. Based on those outcomes, the velocity, the temperature, and the concentration distributions of the hybrid nanofluid are evaluated for several sets of values of the physical parameters related to MHD, NP's volume fraction, radiation, porosity, and plate accelerating parameters have been studied through graphs. Furthermore, it is discovered that when the magnetic force is applied to the fluid (L=0)$(L=0)$, the velocity drops with increasing magnetic parameters; nevertheless, the opposite trends occur when the magnetic force is applied to the plate (L=1)$(L=1)$. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three functionalized thienopyrazines (TPs), TP‐MN (1), TP‐CA (2), and TPT‐MN (3) were designed and synthesized as self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) deposited on the NiOx film for tin‐perovskite solar cells (TPSCs). Thermal, optical, electrochemical, morphological, crystallinity, hole mobility, and charge recombination properties, as well as DFT‐derived energy levels with electrostatic surface potential mapping of these SAMs, have been thoroughly investigated and discussed. The structure of the TP‐MN (1) single crystal was successfully grown and analyzed to support the uniform SAM produced on the ITO/NiOx substrate. When we used NiOx as HTM in TPSC, the device showed poor performance. To improve the efficiency of TPSC, we utilized a combination of new organic SAMs with NiOx as HTM, the TPSC device exhibited the highest PCE of 7.7 % for TP‐MN (1). Hence, the designed NiOx/TP‐MN (1) acts as a new model system for the development of efficient SAM‐based TPSC. To the best of our knowledge, the combination of organic SAMs with anchoring CN/CN or CN/COOH groups and NiOx as HTM for TPSC has never been reported elsewhere. The TPSC device based on the NiOx/TP‐MN bilayer exhibits great enduring stability for performance, retaining ~80 % of its original value for shelf storage over 4000 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the optimistic areas of research, is the creation of novel C−C, C−N, and C−O bonds by replacing toxic and waste‐generating chemicals with alcohols as more sustainable and greener reagents. The co‐existence of molecular oxygen and TBHP was admired by its capacity to oxidize and cyclize to form biologically active acridine‐1,8‐dione derivatives from alcohol, aniline and dimedone without any metal catalyst. The decomposition of TBHP and aeration of molecular oxygen on the surface of water was the key factor for effective catalytic outcome. The current method exhibits tolerance for diverse substrates to afford acridine‐1,8‐dione derivatives (18 compounds) with high yield (up to 95 %). Additionally, the photophysical properties of the acridine‐1,8‐dione derivatives were also studied, and found that few of the acridine‐1,8‐dione derivatives have shown appreciable Aggregation Induced Emission Enhancement (AIEE) behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents a series of novel quinoidal organic semiconductors based on diselenophene‐dithioalkylthiophene (DSpDST) conjugated cores with various side‐chain lengths (‐thiohexyl, ‐thiodecyl, and ‐thiotetradecyl, designated DSpDSTQ‐6, DSpDSTQ‐10, and DSpDSTQ‐14, respectively). The purpose of this research is to develop solution‐processable organic semiconductors using dicyanomethylene end‐capped organic small molecules for organic field effect transistors (OFETs) application. The physical, electrochemical, and electrical properties of these new DSpDSTQs are systematically studied, along with their performance in OFETs and thin film morphologies. Additionally, the molecular structures of DSpDSTQ are determined through density functional theory (DFT) calculations and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The results reveal the presence of intramolecular S (alkyl)···Se (selenophene) interactions, which result in a planar SR‐containing DSpDSTQ core, thereby promoting extended π‐orbital interactions and efficient charge transport in the OFETs. Moreover, the influence of thioalkyl side chain length on surface morphologies and microstructures is investigated. Remarkably, the compound with the shortest thioalkyl chain, DSpDSTQ‐6, demonstrates ambipolar carrier transport with the highest electron and hole mobilities of 0.334 and 0.463 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively. These findings highlight the excellence of ambipolar characteristics of solution‐processable OFETs based on DSpDSTQs even under ambient conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A decade of significant research has led to the emergence of photovoltaic solar cells based on perovskites that have achieved an exceptionally high‐power conversion efficiency of 26.08%. A key breakthrough in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) occurred when solid hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) replaced liquid electrolytes in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), because HTMs play a crucial role in improving photovoltaic performance as well as cell stability. This review is mainly focused on the HTMs that are responsible for hole transport and extraction in PSCs, which is one of the crucial components for efficient devices. Here, we have reviewed small molecular as well as polymeric HTMs that have been reported in the last two years and discussed their performance based on the analysis of their molecular architectures. Finally, we include a perspective on the molecular engineering of new functional HTMs for highly efficient stable PSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article, titled "EP08.04: Short femur: is it a marker for uteroplacental insufficiency?", explores the association between a short femur in fetuses and markers of uteroplacental insufficiency. The study conducted a retrospective case analysis of 45 cases of short femur with normal postnatal outcomes, excluding syndromic conditions with abnormal bone morphology. The results showed that a high percentage of these cases were associated with markers of placental dysfunction, such as high mean uterine artery PI, AC/EFW below the 10th percentile, and CPR abnormalities. The study suggests that a short femur can be an early indicator of underlying placental insufficiency and should be prioritized before considering other causes. [Extracted from the article]

Four X‐shaped quinoxaline‐based organic dyes, PQx (1), TQx, (2), PQxD (3), and TQxD (4) (D = dye sensitizers) are developed and served as p‐type self‐assemble monolayer (SAM) for tin perovskite solar cells (TPSC). Thermal, optical, and electrochemical properties of these SAMs are thoroughly investigated and characterized. Tin perovskite layers are successfully deposited on these four SAM surfaces according to a two‐step approach and the devices exhibit power conversion efficiency in the order of TQxD (8.3%) > TQx (8.0%) > PQxD (7.1%) > PQx (6.1%). With thiophene π‐extended conjugation unit in SAM structure, TQxD (4) exhibits the highest hole extraction rates, greatest hole mobilities, and slowest charge recombination to achieve great device performance of 8.3%, which is the current best result for SAM‐based TPSC ever reported. Furthermore, all devices except PQx shows great enduring stability for the performance retaining ≈90% of their original values for shelf storage over 1600 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we discuss a few fresh approaches to the spherical vague normal set (SVNS) approach to multiple attribute decision‐making (MADM) problems. A new generalization of the vague set (VS) and the spherical interval valued fuzzy set (SIVFS) is the spherical vague set (SVS). The spherical vague number (SVN) concepts consolidate normal fuzzy number (NFN) and we defined the spherical vague normal number (SVNN) and some of its intriguing fundamental operations. The purpose of this article is to discuss a novel idea of spherical vague normal weighted averaging (SVNWA), spherical vague normal weighted geometric (SVNWG), generalized spherical vague normal weighted averaging (GSVNWA) and generalized spherical vague normal weighted geometric (GSVNWG) operators. We talked about a flowchart with an algorithm that uses this operators and the MADM approach. With the help of a numerical example, we interact the extended euclidean and hamming distance measures. In this communication, it is also important to elaborate on some key SVN approach characteristics based on various algebraic operations, such as idempotency, boundedness, commutativity, and monotonicity. They are quicker to find the best option, more straightforward and practical. Think about five farmers. The four factors that are taken into account for each of the five farmers are climate, water, soil, disease, and flood, and their corresponding weights are displayed. We want to select the best option from a large number of choices by comparing expert assessments with the criteria. As a result, the conclusions of the defined models are more precise and closely related to Θ. We contrast some of the current models with the ones that have been proposed in order to demonstrate the dependability and utility of the models under investigation. The study's findings are also intriguing and fascinating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presently, the coronavirus (COVID‐19) epidemic presents a major threat to global communal fitness also socio‐financial development. Ignoring worldwide isolation as well as shutdown attempts, the occurrence of COVID‐19 infected patients continues to be extremely large. Nonetheless, COVID‐19's final course, combined with the prevalence of emerging contaminants (antibiotics, pharmaceuticals, nanoplastics, pesticides, and so forth) in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), presents a major problem in wastewater situations. The research, therefore, intends near examine an interdisciplinary as well as technical greet to succor COVID‐19 with subsequent COVID cycles of an epidemic as a framework for wastewater treatment settings. This research investigated the potential for wastewater‐based epidemiology to detect SARS‐CoV‐2 also the enzymes happening in wastewater conditions. In addition, a chance for the incorporation into the WWTPs of emerging and robust technologies such as mesmeric nanobiotechnology, electrochemical oxidation, microscopy, and membrane processes to enhance the overall likelihood of environmental consequences of COVID‐19 also strengthen such quality of water is resolved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review highlights our recent efforts in the development of organic semiconductors based on anthradithiophene (ADT), dithienothiophene (DTT), tetrathienoacene (TTA), benzothienodithiophene (BTDT), benzothienothiophene (BTT), chalcogen‐planarized BT, and some quinoidal oligothiophenes for the application of organic thin‐film transistors (OTFTs). We visualized various strategies that have been employed in molecular architecture to improve the stability as well as solubility, and the energy levels are tuned for efficient hole/electron injection, thus leading to high‐performance solution processable OTFTs. The obtained mobility was correlated with the molecular stacking pattern and film morphology/microstructure of the semiconductors. Overall, this review presents information that aids reliable OTFT data analysis and provide guidelines for the development of next‐generation organic semiconductors. At present, the p‐type and n‐type OTFTs developed by our group are able to reach the mobilities of over 4.01 and 2.5 cm2V−1 s−1, respectively. In addition, we also demonstrated the utilization of these conjugated moieties in development of high performance dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and hole transporting materials (HTM) as well as non‐fullerene acceptor (NFA) for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of heteroalkyl (‐XR, X = Se, S, O) substitution on a series of molecular semiconductors having a 3,3′‐diheteroalkyl‐2,2′‐bithiophene (XBT) central core is studied. Thus, the selenotetradecyl (‐SeC14H29) SeBT core is investigated by end‐functionalization with two dithienothiophene (DTT), thienothiophene (TT), and thiophene (T) units to give SeBTs 1–3, respectively, for molecular π‐conjugation effect examination. Furthermore, the selenodecyl (‐SeC10H21) and selenohexyl (‐SeC6H13) SeBT cores end‐capped with DTTs to give SeBTs 1B and 1C, respectively, are synthesized for understanding ‐SeR length effects. To address systematically the impact of the chalcogen heteroatom, the newly developed selenoalkyl SeBTs are compared with the previously reported thiotetradecyl (‐SC14H29) DDTT‐SBT (4) and the new tetradecyloxy (‐OC14H29) DDTT‐OBT (5). When fabricating organic field effect transistors by the solution‐shearing method, the devices based on the tetradecylated DDTT‐SeBT (1) exhibit the highest mobility up to 4.01 cm2 V−1 s−1, which is larger than those of the other SeBT compounds and both DDTT‐SBT (4) (1.70 cm2 V−1 s−1) and DDTT‐OBT (5) (9.32 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1). These results are rationalized by a combination of crystallographic, morphological, and microstructural analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semiconducting blend heterostructures, composed of conjugated polymer with photoresponsive organic crystals, provide an effective way to achieve promising photodetection devices. Here, solution‐processed n‐type N2200 conjugated polymer and quinoidal thienoisoindigo (TIIQ) small molecule blend is used to construct phototransistors for red light detection. The device performance of the optically switchable phototransistors can be tuned by the relative composition in the blend. The key feature is red light (680 nm) illuminated intensity‐tunable photodetection enabling the highest photoresponsivity (R) of 4065 A W‐1 and specific photodetectivity (D*) of 1.4 × 1013 Jones for an 88% blend device. At the same time, maintaining high mobility (μ) of 1.59 cm2 V‐1 s‐1, since the efficient extraction of photogenerated charges from blend heterointerface, benefiting from blending with higher μ and enhanced absorption of TIIQ, contributes to improvement in the red light photoresponse of the N2200:TIIQ blend phototransistor. This work demonstrates that the semiconducting blend strategies provide opportunities for developing high performance organic phototransistors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two solution‐processable organic semiconductors, DFPT‐DTTR (1) and DFPbT‐DTTR (2), composed of pentafluorophenyl (FP) end‐capped 3,5‐dialkyl dithienothiophene (DTTR) core with thiophene (T) or bithiophene (bT) as π‐bridged spacers are developed and investigated for their optical, electrochemical, microstructural, and electrical properties. With more conjugated bithiophene units, compound 2 exhibits a red‐shifted UV–vis absorption band and upshifted HOMO/downshifted LUMO energy levels. According to the density functional theory, compound 2 features a more twisted molecular structure due to the intrinsic non‐coplanar blocks in the π‐backbones. Compound 1‐based organic field effect transistors exhibit efficient hole transport with mobility up to 0.48 cm2 V−1 s−1. This is one of the high mobility organic semiconductors exhibiting p‐channel characteristics based on solution‐processable small molecular FP end‐capped fused/oligothiophenes. With large and interconnected crystalline morphologies, decreased π–π stacking distance, and less steric hindrance, compound 1 exhibits two orders of magnitude higher mobility than the more distorted 2, which exhibits lower hole mobility of 1.82 × 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new solution‐processable organic semiconductors (1–3) are synthesized and characterized for p‐type organic field effect transistors (OFETs). The backbone of these small molecules is modified by expanding the central core conjugation from thienothiophene (TT) to dithienothiophene (DTT) and tetrathienoacene (TTA), which are end‐capped with soluble β‐substituted alkyl chains dithienothiophenes (DTTR) to generate DTTR‐TT (1), DTTR‐DTT (2), and DTTR‐TTA (3). The highest mobility of 0.016 cm2 V−1 s−1 is achieved using solution‐sheared DTTR‐TTA film due to the extended conjugated TTA core, which enhances the intermolecular interaction and generates an efficient percolation for the OFET channel. Solution blending of crystalline DTTR‐TT small molecules with oriented‐packing polymer dithienothiophene‐thioalkylbithiophene (PDTT‐SBT) polymer leads to significantly enhanced mobilities from 0.0009 up to 0.22 cm2 V−1 s−1, occurring at an optimized 30% DTTR‐TT composition in the blend. Hole mobility of 30% DTTR‐TT blend is 0.22 cm2 V−1 s−1 which is higher than pristine small molecule DTTR‐TT (0.0009 cm2 V−1 s−1) and polymer PDTT‐SBT (0.067 cm2 V−1 s−1), respectively. An efficient strategy to enhance the mobility of small molecule DTTR‐TT by blending with easily synthesizable PDTT‐SBT polymer is reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel quinoidal thienoisoindigo (TII)‐containing small molecule family with dicyanomethylene end‐capping units and various alkyl chains is synthesized as n‐type organic small molecules for solution‐processable organic field effect transistors (OFETs). The molecular structure of the 2‐hexyldecyl substituted derivative, TIIQ‐b16, is determined via single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and shows that the TIIQ core is planar and exhibits molecular layers stacked in a "face‐to‐face" arrangement with short core intermolecular distances of 3.28 Å. The very planar core structure, shortest intermolecular N···H distance (2.52 Å), existence of an intramolecular non‐bonded contact between sulfur and oxygen atom (S···O) of 2.80 Å, and a very low‐lying LUMO energy level of −4.16 eV suggest that TIIQ molecules should be electron transporting semiconductors. The physical, thermal, and electrochemical properties as well as OFET performance and thin film morphologies of these new TIIQs are systematically studied. Thus, air‐processed TIIQ‐b16 OFETs exhibit an electron mobility up to 2.54 cm2 V−1 s−1 with a current ON/OFF ratio of 105–106, which is the first demonstration of TII‐based small molecules exhibiting unipolar electron transport characteristics and enhanced ambient stability. These results indicate that construction of quinoidal molecule from TII moiety is a successful approach to enhance n‐type charge transport characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Ni(dtc)2] (dtc = N‐(pyrrole‐2‐ylmethyl)‐N‐thiophenemethyldithiocarbamate (1), N‐methylferrocenyl‐N‐(2‐phenylethyl)dithiocarbamate (2), N‐furfuryl‐N‐methylferrocenyldithiocarbamate (3), and (N‐[pyrrole‐2‐ylmethyl]‐N‐thiophenemethyldithiocarbamato‐S,S′)(thiocyanato‐N)(triphenylphosphine)nickel(II) (4) complexes were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, infrared, ultraviolet–visible, and nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C) spectroscopies. The data were consistent with the formation of square planar nickel(II) complexes, which was confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies on 2 and 4. Fe···Fe interactions exhibited by complex 2 led to supramolecular aggregation. The structure of 4 reveals intermolecular and intramolecular C‐H···Ni anagostic interactions. The anion‐sensing properties of 2 were studied with halide ions by cyclic voltammetry. It was observed that 2 acts as sensor for bromide. Complexes 1, 2, and 3, were utilized to prepare nickel sulfide, nickel–iron sulfide‐1, and nickel–iron sulfide‐2, respectively. The composition, structure, morphology, and optical properties of nickel sulfide and nickel–iron sulfides were examined using powder X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, ultraviolet–visible, fluorescence, and infrared spectroscopy. Powder X‐ray diffraction patterns of nickel sulfide, nickel–iron sulfide‐1, and nickel–iron sulfide‐2 indicate the formation of orthorhombic Ni9S8, cubic NiFeS2, and cubic Ni2FeS4, respectively. The photocatalytic activities of as‐prepared nickel sulfide and nickel–iron sulfide‐1 nanoparticles were investigated for photodegradation of methylene blue and rhodamine‐B under ultraviolet irradiation. Nickel–iron sulfide‐1 nanoparticles show slightly higher photodegradation efficiency compared with the nickel sulfide nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report, for the first time, the observation of a Gouy–Chapman capacitance minimum at the potential of zero charge of the Pt(111)‐aqueous perchlorate electrolyte interface. The potential of zero charge of 0.3 V vs. NHE agrees very well with earlier values obtained by different methods. The observation of the potential of zero charge of this interface requires a specific pH (pH 4) and anomalously low electrolyte concentrations (<10−3 m). By comparison to gold and mercury double‐layer data, we conclude that the diffuse double layer structure at the Pt(111)‐electrolyte interface deviates significantly from the Gouy–Chapman theory in the sense that the electrostatic screening is much better than predicted by purely electrostatic mean‐field Poisson–Boltzmann theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work explores the rapid synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from Musa paradisiaca (M. paradisiaca) bract extract. The bio‐reduction of Ag+ ion was recorded using ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy by a surface plasmon resonance extinction peak with an absorbance at 420 nm. The phytoconstituents responsible for the reduction of AgNPs was probed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The X‐ray diffraction pattern confirmed the formation of crystalline AgNPs that were analogous to selected area electron diffraction patterns. Morphological studies showed that the obtained AgNPs were monodispersed with an average size of 15 nm. The biologically synthesised AgNPs showed higher obstruction against tested phytopathogens. The synthesised AgNPs exhibited higher inhibitory zone against fungal pathogen Alternaria alternata and bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae. Free radical scavenging potential of AgNPs was investigated using 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryl hydroxyl and 2,2‐azinobis (3‐ethylbenzothiazoline)‐6‐sulphonic acid assays which revealed that the synthesised AgNPs act as a potent radical scavenger. The catalytic efficiency of the synthesised AgNPs was investigated for azo dyes, methyl orange (MO), methylene blue (MB) and reduction of o‐nitrophenol to o‐aminophenol. The results portrayed that AgNPs act as an effective nanocatalyst to degrade MO to hydrazine derivatives, MB to leucomethylene blue, and o‐nitro phenol to o‐amino phenol [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Streptomyces sp. with grey white mycelium was isolated from Kodiyakkarai marine segment of east coastal of India. The isolate produced spiny spores and did not produce any diffusible pigments. Various biochemical tests were carried out to confirm the isolate classification. The amylolytic enzyme activity was estimated using the isolated strain which was confirmed by golden yellowish zone formation after using the Gram's iodine stain. The amount of amylase produced by the isolate was 6.15 U/ml. Higher living cells always produce better enzymes, so that the process parameters especially pH was maintained in fermentation chamber for higher growth and also for large‐scale growth. For maintaining the pH a mathematical process model was developed using the data obtained during the process. The addition of Kalman's filter along with proportional–integral–derivative controller gave better stability in pH. By maintaining of pH 7, growth rate was significantly increased from 0.51to 0.59 gm/l on day 5 which are discussed in the results and discussions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biosynthesis of novel therapeutic nano-scale materials for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications has been enormously developed, since last decade. Herein, the authors report an ecological way of synthesising the platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) using Streptomyces sp. for the first time. The produced PtNPs exhibited the face centred cubic system. The fourier transform infrared spectrum revealed the existence of amino acids in proteins which serves as an essential reductant for the formation of PtNPs. The spherical morphology of the PtNPs with an average size of 20-50 nm was observed from topographical images of atomic force microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy. The X-ray fluorescence spectrum confirms the presence of PtNPs with higher purity. The PtNPs size was further confirmed with transmission electron microscopy analysis and the particles were found to exist in the same size regime. Additionally, PtNPs showed the characteristic surface plasmon resonance peak at 262 nm. Dynamic light scattering studies report that 97.2% of particles were <100 nm, with an average particle diameter of about 45 nm. Furthermore, 3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-tetrazolium assay based in vitro cytotoxicity analysis was conducted for the PtNPs, which showed the inhibitory concentration (IC50) at 31.2 μg/ml against Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 breast cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to investigate the herb-drug interaction of Andrographis paniculata Nees (Acanthaceae) and Andrographolide (AN) with nabumetone (NAB) in wistar rats. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions were studied after co-administration of APE and AN with NAB in Wistar rats. In pharmacokinetic studies, significant decrease in Cmax, AUC0-t and AUC0-∞ of 6-MNA after co-administration with pure AN and APE has been observed. Tmax of 6-MNA has been increased to 2 h from 1.5 h in AN + NAB treated group. Changes in mean residential time, clearance and volume of distribution of 6-MNA in APE + NAB treated group and AN + NAB treated group indicated interference of other components of APE other than AN. In pharmacodynamic study, significant decrease in antiarthritic activity of NAB on concomitant administration with APE and AN has been observed. The study concludes that NAB exhibits pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions with APE and AN in rats thus alarms the concomitant use of herbal preparations containing APE and AN with NAB. Further study is needed to understand the mechanism and predict the herb-drug interaction in humans. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Air floatation, an efficient solid-liquid separation process, was tested as a post treatment technique for phenol removal. The results consider about the practical solutions for certain operations such as efficient solid-liquid separation, attainment of maximized percentage removal, phenol rich solution with Micrococcus lylae cells, and pure water without M. lylae cells. The two processes, biosorption and flotation, can effectively operate in combination and both the sorbent and treated water can be recycled. The effect of various operating parameters, such as initial feed concentration, equilibrium time, biosorbent dose, pH, liquid pool height, surfactant concentration, and air flow rate, was experimentally investigated. The maximum sorption capacity was found to be 303 mg/g at pH 7 and an initial phenol concentration of 500 mg/L. The higher floatability of M. lylae was obtained in a maximum time of 10 min. In addition, the adsorption isotherm and kinetic studies revealed that the biosorption process followed the Dubinin-Radushkevich model ( R2 = 0.982) and pseudo-first order kinetics with a kinetic constant of 2.6537/day. The adsorbed chemical species was identified by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Electrokinetic measurements were carried out to determine the isoelectric point of the bacteria. The zeta potential profile of the bacteria was affected by the presence of phenol at different pH values. The recovery of phenol loaded biomass and final traces of phenol by flotation were found to be 99.91%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NaGd( WO4)2 ( NGW) submicrometer powder was derived by solgel method, and its magnetic properties were investigated for magnetic texturing application. The analysis of X-ray diffraction indicates the formation of tetragonal phase. Organic liberation with respect to temperature in the samples and carbon content in the prefired powder was analyzed using FTIR results. Raman spectra confirm the tetrahedral tungstate formation and corresponding vibrations. UV-Vis Reflectance study revealed the corresponding absorption of NGW host and gadolinium ions. The morphology and approximate size of the synthesis powder was observed with SEM micrographs. The paramagnetic nature of NGW was confirmed with EPR, and VSM analysis at room temperature and paramagnetic to antiferromagnetic phase transition was observed around 5 K. Results indicate that NGW powders can be used for magnetic texturing to grow transparent ceramic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NaGd( WO4)2 ( NGW) submicrometer powder was derived by solgel method, and its magnetic properties were investigated for magnetic texturing application. The analysis of X-ray diffraction indicates the formation of tetragonal phase. Organic liberation with respect to temperature in the samples and carbon content in the prefired powder was analyzed using FTIR results. Raman spectra confirm the tetrahedral tungstate formation and corresponding vibrations. UV-Vis Reflectance study revealed the corresponding absorption of NGW host and gadolinium ions. The morphology and approximate size of the synthesis powder was observed with SEM micrographs. The paramagnetic nature of NGW was confirmed with EPR, and VSM analysis at room temperature and paramagnetic to antiferromagnetic phase transition was observed around 5 K. Results indicate that NGW powders can be used for magnetic texturing to grow transparent ceramic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) is best understood for its biological actions outside the cell. However, MMP-2 also localizes to intracellular compartments and the cytosol where it has several substrates, including troponin I (TnI). Despite a growing list of cytosolic substrates, we currently do not know the mechanism(s) that give rise to the equilibrium between intracellular and secreted MMP-2 moieties. Therefore, we explored how cells achieve the unique distribution of this protease. Our data show that endogenous MMP-2 targets inefficiently to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and shows significant amounts in the cytosol. Transfection of canonical MMP-2 essentially reproduces this targeting pattern, suggesting it is the quality of the MMP-2 signal sequence that predominantly determines MMP-2 targeting. However, we also found that human cardiomyocytes express an MMP-2 splice variant which entirely lacks the signal sequence. Like the fraction of ER-excluded, full-length MMP-2, this variant MMP-2 is restricted to the cytosol and specifically enhances TnI cleavage upon hypoxia-reoxygenation injury in cardiomyocytes. Together, our findings describe for the first time a set of mechanisms that cells utilize to equilibrate MMP-2 both in the extracellular milieu and intracellular, cytosolic locations. Our results also suggest approaches to specifically investigate the overlooked intracellular biology of MMP-2. J. Cell. Physiol. 227: 3397-3404, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A common feature of the five faiths discussed in this article is change over time. This allowed diversity within the religions, and generally led to a degree of liberalization, but in some faiths or their sects, resulted in a narrow or rigid interpretation. For example, the golden Vedic Period of Hinduism in India when “women were worshipped” gradually faded, ushering in the social evils of female feticide, child marriage, and “sati.” The advent of Islam in the seventh century banned female infanticide, but has been unable to abolish many tribal pre-Islamic customs such as female genital mutilation in Africa and “honor killings” in parts of Asia. On the other hand, in China, the inferior status of women accorded by Confucianism has been rectified to a large extent by legislation; this has, however, been offset by a restrictive population policy allowing only one child or two children per couple in some areas of the country (with no limit in Tibet), which has led millions of women to resort to prenatal sex diagnosis and abortion if the fetus is female. In the West, the debate over the use of biomedical technology continues, with various rabbinic rulings permitting the use of assisted reproductive technologies by Jews to fulfill the obligation to procreate, and the Vatican reinforcing its opposition to these and to genetic testing on embryos and embryonic stem cell research. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]