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The field of biomedicine has extensively studied silica‐coated organic/inorganic nanoparticles due to their remarkable properties, such as biocompatibility, chemical stability, ease of functionalization, and thermal stability. Silica has been utilized to coat or encapsulate organic/inorganic nanoparticles, providing protection against aggregation and acid leaching while improving cytocompatibility. This review provides an overview of the manufacturing methods for silica nanoparticles, with a specific focus on surface strategies for core template nanomaterials (both hard and soft templates). These strategies involve the use of chemicals or biomolecules to guide nucleation and growth of silica at the interface of two phases. Furthermore, recent advancements in silica‐coated nanoparticles are discussed, emphasizing their applications in various areas such as bioimaging, drug delivery, biosensors, phototherapy, and hyperthermia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autonomous driving is an exciting research field that has received growing attention in recent years. One of the most challenging and safety‐critical driving situations is highway on‐ramp merging. Most decision‐making strategies that perform highway on‐ramp merging are designed, firstly, to reduce the risk of crashes and improve the safety metrics. However, even with the development of such advanced driving systems, human drivers will still be involved in road traffic. Human drivers have various driving styles and different reactions to other traffic participants on the highway on‐ramp. Understanding driver behaviors is essential for designing safe and efficient real‐world driving strategies. Therefore, this paper provides a unique systematic review of existing techniques for modelling driver behaviors at highway on‐ramps, which are critical locations for traffic safety and efficiency. The novelty of this review is that it proposes a new classification of current state‐of‐the art techniques. Each category of techniques involves a unique paradigm. For each category of approaches, fundamental concepts are examined together with their challenges and limitations, and an overview on practical implementation. Furthermore, and based on the classification and chronological order, current research trend is identified, i.e. "data‐driven approaches". Some future research avenues and disparities are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study a two‐dimensional (2D) bidirectional fluid–solid coupling problem in blood vessels and prove the existence of weak solutions to this kind of problem. When studying the fluid motion of arterial blood flow in arterial vascular tissue, where the density of the vessel wall is roughly equal to that of the blood, the coupling between the blood and the vessel wall is highly nonlinear. In this case, the fluid space where the arterial blood flow is located is no longer fixed in the fluid–structure interaction (FSI) model, and its boundary position is determined by the position of the elastic vessel wall. The contact force exerted by the elastic vascular structure on the blood flow also affects the movement of the blood flow, while the position of the blood vessel is determined by the contact force exerted by the blood flow on the blood vessel; that is, two‐way coupling occurs between the vascular diameter and the blood flow space. MSC2020 Classification: 35D30, 35M31 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non‐obstructive azoospermia (NOA) resulting from primary spermatogenic failure represents one of the most severe forms of male infertility, largely because therapeutic options are very limited. Beyond their diagnostic value, genetic tests for NOA also hold prognostic potential. Specifically, genetic diagnosis enables the establishment of genotype‐testicular phenotype correlations, which, in some cases, provide a negative predictive value for testicular sperm extraction (TESE), thereby preventing unnecessary surgical procedures. In this study, we employed whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) to investigate two generations of an Iranian family with NOA and identified a homozygous splicing variant in TDRKH (NM_001083965.2: c.562‐2A>T). TDRKH encodes a conserved mitochondrial membrane‐anchored factor essential for piRNA biogenesis in germ cells. In Tdrkh knockout mice, de‐repression of retrotransposons in germ cells leads to spermatogenic arrest and male infertility. Previously, our team reported TDRKH involvement in human NOA cases through the investigation of a North African cohort. This current study marks the second report of TDRKH's role in NOA and human male infertility, underscoring the significance of the piRNA pathway in spermatogenesis. Furthermore, across both studies, we demonstrated that men carrying TDRKH variants, similar to knockout mice, exhibit complete spermatogenic arrest, correlating with failed testicular sperm retrieval. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calcium silicate ceramics were successfully prepared at various temperatures by spark plasma sintering technique (SPS) using two different compositions, and their morphological and structural characteristics were thoroughly analyzed and compared by scanning electron microscope, X‐ray diffraction, and apparent density measurements. The effect of the sintering method and temperature on microstructural properties has also been studied. The sintered samples prepared by SPS through a heat input of 800°C showed the highest densification as results 800°C was suggested as optimum sintering temperature. Different phases presented in pseudo‐wollastonite, wollastonite, and triclinic Ca3(SiO4)O have been observed in the case of 50C50C with lowest porosity ∼6%$\sim \;6\% $ and highest density 2.6 g/cm3, whereas the composition 10C90S resulted in a fully amorphous material presented in granular microstructure with density of 1.7 g/cm3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The screening system is a nonlinear and non‐Gaussian complex system. To better characterize its attributes and improve the prediction accuracy of screening efficiency, this study involves the acquisition of the vibration signals and screening efficiency data under various operational conditions. Subsequently, empirical mode decomposition energy entropy (EMD‐EE), variational mode decomposition energy entropy (VMD‐EE), and wavelet packet energy entropy (WP‐EE) features are extracted from the time series vibration signals, and three single input energy entropy‐generalized regressive neural network (GRNN) prediction accuracy models are established and compared. Furthermore, we introduce the kernel principal component analysis (KPCA)‐WP‐EE feature reconstruction‐GRNN prediction algorithm. This approach involves reconstructing the feature vector by optimizing WP‐EE‐GRNN prediction under varying parameters. The parameterized GRNN model is then predicted and analyzed through secondary reconstruction involving KPCA dimensionality reduction features. The results show that WP‐EE‐GRNN achieves superior prediction accuracy compared to box dimension (d)‐GRNN, box dimension‐back propagation neural network (BPNN), and d‐weighted least squares support vector machine, WP‐d‐GRNN, WP‐EE‐BPNN, EMD‐EE‐GRNN, and VMD‐EE‐GRNN. Additionally, the WP‐EE feature reconstruction‐GRNN algorithm exhibits higher prediction accuracy than the single‐input WP‐EE‐GRNN algorithm. The WP‐EE‐GRNN prediction algorithm using KPCA dimensionality reduction and secondary reconstruction not only achieves higher prediction accuracy than prior to KPCA dimensionality reduction but also improves prediction efficiency. Following the extraction of two core principal components, model parameters when KPCA's σ2 = 0.85, the optimal parameter of GRNN model Spread = 0.051, and the optimal number of training samples N = 19, the average prediction error is 1.434%, the minimum prediction error reaching 0.708%, the minimum root mean square error reaching 0.836% and Pearson correlation coefficient marking the closest to 1, these result all representing the optimum achievable values. The budget model selects the optimal parameter combination scheme for the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a self‐emissive technology, microLED displays retain all benefits of OLEDs and should be able to improve on many aspects, but will it be enough to guaranty success? In February 2024, leading proponent Apple canceled its microLED smartwatch project. More generally, as microLED keeps getting delayed and OLED keeps improving, the value proposition of microLED is shrinking. This paper looks at how the technology could deliver stronger differentiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motile cilia and flagella are closely related organelles structured around a highly conserved axoneme whose formation and maintenance involve proteins from hundreds of genes. Defects in many of these genes have been described to induce primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) mainly characterized by chronic respiratory infections, situs inversus and/or infertility. In men, cilia/flagella‐related infertility is usually caused by asthenozoospermia due to multiple morphological abnormalities of the sperm flagella (MMAF). Here, we investigated a cohort of 196 infertile men displaying a typical MMAF phenotype without any other PCD symptoms. Analysis of WES data identified a single case carrying a deleterious homozygous GAS8 variant altering a splice donor consensus site. This gene, also known as DRC4, encodes a subunit of the Nexin‐Dynein Regulatory Complex (N‐DRC), and has been already associated to male infertility and mild PCD. Confirming the deleterious effect of the candidate variant, GAS8 staining by immunofluorescence did not evidence any signal from the patient's spermatozoa whereas a strong signal was present along the whole flagella length in control cells. Concordant with its role in the N‐DRC, transmission electron microscopy evidenced peripheral microtubule doublets misalignments. We confirm here the importance of GAS8 in the N‐DRC and observed that its absence induces a typical MMAF phenotype not necessarily accompanied by other PCD symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate prospectively the effects of surgical excision of renal tumours on blood pressure (BP). Patients and Methods: In a multicentre prospective study, we evaluated 200 patients who underwent nephrectomy for renal tumour between 2018 and 2020 at seven departments of the French Network for Kidney Cancer, the UroCCR. All patients had localized cancer without pre‐existing hypertension (HTN). Blood pressure was measured the week before nephrectomy, and at 1 month and 6 months after nephrectomy, according to the recommendations for home BP monitoring. Plasma renin was measured 1 week before surgery and 6 months after surgery. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of de novo HTN. The secondary endpoint was clinically significant increase in BP at 6 months, defined by an increase in systolic and/or diastolic ambulatory BP ≥10 mmHg or requirement for medical antihypertensive treatment. Results: Blood pressure and renin measurements were available for 182 (91%) and 136 patients (68%), respectively. We excluded from the analysis 18 patients who had undeclared HTN detected on preoperative measurements. At 6 months, 31 patients (19.2%) had de novo HTN and 43 patients (26.3%) had a significant increase in their BP. Type of surgery was not associated with an increased risk of HTN (21.7% partial nephrectomy [PN] vs 15.7% radical nephrectomy [RN]; P = 0.59). There was no difference between plasmatic renin levels before and after surgery (18.5 vs 16; P = 0.46). In multivariable analysis, age (odds ratio [OR] 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02–1.12; P = 0.03) and body mass index (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.03–1.26; P = 0.01) were the only predictors of de novo HTN. Conclusion: Surgical treatment of renal tumours is associated with significant changes in BP, with de novo HTN occurring in almost 20% of the patients. These changes are not impacted by the type of surgery (PN vs RN). Patients who are scheduled to undergo kidney cancer surgery should be informed of these findings and have their BP closely monitored after the operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphenol A (BPA) widely recognized as an endocrine disruptor can induce serious threats to human health such as sexual anomalies and cancer. Unfortunately, BPA has been increasingly used since 1950s; specifically during the manufacturing of polycarbonates and plastics such as food containers and water bottles. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop low‐cost, simple, portable and sensitive sensors for in‐situ detection of this contaminant in food and water. The combination of nanostructured carbon materials and metal/metal oxide nanoparticles can result in materials with unique physicochemical properties as well as excellent catalytic behaviors. Herein, we propose a smartphone‐assisted electrochemical sensor based on the combination of Mg0.5Co2.5(PO4)2 and carbon black (CB) modified screen‐printed electrode (SPE) for a rapid and sensitive determination of BPA. Structural characterization confirmed the formation of Mg0.5Co2.5(PO4)2/CB nanocomposite on SPE surface. Very low oxidation potential of BPA was observed during the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) experiments at 0.16 V vs. Ag/AgCl. The sensor revealed two‐step linear response from 0.5–6.5 μm and from 16.5–100 μm with a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.15 μm. A good reproducibility, excellent stability, and high interference‐free ability were obtained. Furthermore, the developed sensor showed satisfactory recoveries for BPA detection in real water samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality and diversity of microLED display prototypes are progressing rapidly and first commercial products are coming to market. The technology however has yet to enter high volume consumer applications. This paper discusses the status of the microLED industry including how the supply chain is shaping up and how remaining technology and manufacturing roadblocks are being addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a salivary Interleukin‐10 detection strategy as part of an easily integrable Lab‐on‐Chip and Point‐of‐Care IMFET for multi‐detection Heart Failure (HF) biomarkers. Our developed IMFET showed good linearity between increasing IL‐10 concentration and the charge transfer resistance in both standard solutions and real saliva samples with a LOD of 0.02 pg mL−1. Moreover, the cross‐selectivity study showed that the developed IMFET was highly selective towards IL‐10 against other HF biomarkers. The precision of our IMFET was also evaluated, and the difference between the determined IL‐10 concentration using the standard addition method and its expected one is<20 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Technical limitations of ureteroscopic (URS) biopsy has been considered responsible for substantial upgrading rate in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). However, the impact of tumor specific factors for upgrading remain uninvestigated. Methods: Patients who underwent URS biopsy were included between 2005 and 2020 at 13 institutions. We assessed the prognostic impact of upgrading (low‐grade on URS biopsy) versus same grade (high‐grade on URS biopsy) for high‐grade UTUC tumors on radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) specimens. Results: This study included 371 patients, of whom 112 (30%) and 259 (70%) were biopsy‐based low‐ and high‐grade tumors, respectively. Median follow‐up was 27.3 months. Patients with high‐grade biopsy were more likely to harbor unfavorable pathologic features, such as lymphovascular invasion (p < 0.001) and positive lymph nodes (LNs; p < 0.001). On multivariable analyses adjusting for the established risk factors, high‐grade biopsy was significantly associated with worse overall (hazard ratio [HR] 1.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10–2.75; p = 0.018), cancer‐specific (HR 1.94; 95% CI, 1.07–3.52; p = 0.03), and recurrence‐free survival (HR 1.80; 95% CI, 1.13–2.87; p = 0.013). In subgroup analyses of patients with pT2‐T4 and/or positive LN, its significant association retained. Furthermore, high‐grade biopsy in clinically non‐muscle invasive disease significantly predicted upstaging to final pathologically advanced disease (≥pT2) compared to low‐grade biopsy. Conclusions: High tumor grade on URS biopsy is associated with features of biologically and clinically aggressive UTUC tumors. URS low‐grade UTUC that becomes upgraded to high‐grade might carry a better prognosis than high‐grade UTUC on URS. Tumor specific factors are likely to be responsible for upgrading to high‐grade on RNU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study focused on evaluating the quality of the Oued Guigou River located in Middle Atlas (Morocco) by studying relevant physicochemical and metallic parameters. Samples for determining the organic matter and trace metal elements trapped in water samples were collected at upstream of Oued Guigou between December 2020 and April 2021. The samples were analysed for physicochemical quality, while the trace metal elements (lead, zinc, copper, chromium, iron, nickel, calcium and magnesium) were determined using ICP‐AES analysis. The results indicated significant organic pollution, as well as standard deviation and average changes in the values of the studied metals, most likely attributable to domestic effluents. The metal content in particular exhibited high values exceeding the recommended Moroccan standard limits, suggesting domestic and agricultural pollution is a potential threat to both the receiving rivers and their associated lakes and reservoirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: In response to a surge of drug overdoses involving polysubstance use among Atlanta service industry workers that resulted in the deaths of five people in the Atlanta area in the summer of 2021, a local community of harm reductionists and nurses organized opioid education and naloxone distribution (OEND) training sessions specifically customized for service industry workers in Atlanta. After the sessions, the nurses and harm reductionists asked attendants to participate in a study concerning their response to overdoses. The reason nurses and harm reductionists conducted the study was to determine the efficacy of OEND training adapted for those working in the service industries as well as to evaluate and possibly modify the training sessions for future use. This pre‐post study examined if and how participants' knowledge and attitudes toward an opioid‐involved overdose changed after engaging with the OEND training. If the study determined that the sessions were successful in teaching service industry workers how to mitigate the immediate and devastating effects of overdose, we recommend expanding and implementing both adaptable training sessions like the OEND training referenced, as well as accompanying studies to improve the training sessions' effectiveness. Design: The pre‐post study used convenience sampling to recruit participants in emergent OEND training. Participants completed an abbreviated version the Opioid Overdose Attitudes Scale (OOAS) which measured how, and to what degree, they changed their attitudes towards overdoses and their responses to them. Participants also completed an abbreviated version of the Opioid Overdose Knowledge Scale (OOKS) which measured how effectively the OEND increased their knowledge when it came to properly responding to an overdose, which included implementing naloxone as part of immediate rehabilitation treatment. Paired nonparametric tests assessed changes in participants' OOAS/OOKS scores. Results: A total of 161 individuals attended, and 72 consented to be in the study. The sample predominately consisted of white (76.4%) and female (66.7%) adults whose age averaged 34.3 years. Attitude and knowledge score improvements were statistically significant: approximately 11 points (p <.001) and 3 points (p <.001), respectively. Conclusions: This rapidly implemented training was associated with improving attitudes and knowledge about responding to an opioid‐involved overdose. We recommend expanding the scope of studies like these in order to develop and examine effective, dynamic, and targeted OEND training tailored towards specific community groups and situations, such as polysubstance overdose among service industry workers. As the opioid epidemic worsens, it is critical to equip community members themselves with the skills and tools to recognize and respond to opioid overdoses as a frontline prevention to overdose deaths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The alkali-activated materials prepared by activation of glass powder (GP) and brick waste (BW) on the porosity and absorption of geopolymer paste by alkaline solution (alkali + water glass) were investigated. The effect of the combination of GP and BW on the porosity and absorption of the prepared geopolymer paste was monitored and evaluated by both laboratory and analytical methods. In this paper, three mortars were made with two sources of geopolymer containing 100% BW and 100% GP and blended with 90% GP and 10% BW replacements by mass. The compressive strength, porosity, and absorption of alkali-activated mortar were concurrently examined. Furthermore, the laboratory results obtained were estimated by the general full factorial design method. Finally, the analysis of variance was performed using the test results to analyze the importance of the effect factors and their interactions on the selected responses. The results concluded that mortar activated combined with 10% BW and 90% GP could be utilized in the industry of construction with minimum pollution problems and environment-friendly building materials, with the effect variables significantly affecting the responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Impedance spectroscopy is an electrochemical technique widely used for the electrical characterization of the behavior of biomaterials in all kinds of biosensors. Field‐effect devices, and in particular ion‐sensitive field‐effect transistors (ISFETs), have been extensively studied as transducers for biosensing. They however have not been much analyzed with impedance spectroscopy, because they typically generate non‐Faradaic capacitance measurements, since there is no charge transfer through the insulating gate in contact with the liquid solution. We have recently experimentally shown that Faradaic‐like impedance spectroscopy spectra can be obtained with ISFET devices, allowing high‐sensitivity measurements for different pH and biomarker concentrations. In this paper, we report that both Faradaic‐like and non‐Faradaic impedance behavior can be well understood by a DC and small‐signal AC model of the ISFET working in different conditions. Faradaic‐like impedance measurements are described by the operation of the ISFET in subthreshold conditions. A Nyquist plot semicircle is obtained, corresponding to the transimpedance 1/gm of the ISFET in parallel to the gate capacitances. We show that this behavior is independent of the presence of membrane material on the gate surface. In these conditions, the change in the semicircle diameter for different pH or biomarker concentrations can be understood by the change of 1/gm corresponding to a threshold voltage shift of the transistor. This description is illustrated with our recent results for pH measurements and the detection of tumor necrosis factor‐α with functionalized devices in standard solutions in the concentration range of 1–20 pg/ml. The use of the impedance spectroscopy technique takes advantage of the exponential behavior of the gm(VGS) curves in the subthreshold (weak inversion) operation of the ISFET. This results in a large signal amplification, where a small change in the threshold voltage results in a large change in the impedance spectrum, thus achieving an increased precision in the measurement of the device response to changes in the analyte concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thin‐film composite of chitosan/nickel phthalocyanine (NiPc) was electrochemically deposited on the fingers of interdigitated gold electrodes, applying chronoamperometric polymerization technique. The presence of crystallized NiPc in the chitosan was confirmed by EDX and FTIR analysis. Acetone, ethanol, and methanol gas‐sensing properties of the films prepared at optimum conditions were studied at atmospheric temperature, through differential measurements at an optimized frequency of 10 kHz, using a lock‐in amplifier. The conductometric sensor presents the highest sensitivity of 60.2 μS.cm−1(v/v) for methanol and 700 ppm as the limit of detection. For validation, the methanol content of a commercial rubbing alcohol was determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, a mathematical model was developed to describe and optimize the configuration of the urea biosensor. The biosensor is based on interdigitated gold microelectrodes modified with a urease enzyme membrane. The model presented here focuses on the enzymatic reaction and/or diffusion phenomena that occur in the enzyme membrane and in the diffusion layer. Numerical resolution of differential equations was performed using the finite difference technique. The mathematical model was validated using experimental biosensor data. The responses of the biosensor to various conditions were simulated to guide experiments, improve analytical performance, and reduce development costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A female factor is present in approximately 70% of couple infertility, often due to ovulatory disorders. In oocyte maturation defect (OMD), affected patients have a primary infertility with normal menstrual cycles but produce no oocyte, degenerated (atretic) or abnormal oocytes blocked at different stages of maturation. Four genes have so far been associated with OMD: PATL2, TUBB8, WEE2, and ZP1. In our initial study, 6 out of 23 OMD subjects were shown to carry the same PATL2 homozygous loss of function variant and one patient had a TUBB8 truncating variant. Here, we included four additional OMD patients and reanalyzed all 27 subjects. In addition to the seven patients with a previously identified defect, five carried the same deleterious homozygous ZP1 variant (c.1097G>A; p.Arg366Gln). All the oocytes from ZP1‐associated patients appeared shriveled and dark indicating that the abnormal ZP1 protein induced oocyte death and degeneration. Overall ZP1‐associated patients had degenerated or absent oocytes contrary to PATL2‐associated subjects who had immature oocytes blocked mainly at the germinal vesicle stage. In this cohort of North African OMD patients, whole exome sequencing permitted to diagnose 44% of the patients studied and to identify a new frequent ZP1 variant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semen parameters showed normal sperm concentration (40.8 millions/ml) and total sperm counts (277 millions) but lower sperm motility (total motility 1 h: 20%) and a high proportion of abnormal sperm morphology (typical form: 2%) (Figure 1A). However, the sperm phenotype described in our patient is slightly different from the typical ASS previously reported suggesting a phenotypic heterogeneity associated with I SPATA20 i mutation and raises the hypothesis of a phenotypic continuum between partial or pseudo-globozoospermia and ASS. [Extracted from the article]

For MicroLED displays to be economically viable, microchip transfer and assembly technologies with micron‐scale accuracy, and throughputs at least 5 orders of magnitude higher than traditional pick‐and‐place and bonding equipment are required. This paper discusses existing and emerging technologies, from the lab to commercially available solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The objective of the present study was to compare the outcomes of open versus laparoscopic versus robotic cystectomy and ileal conduit for neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD). Methods: The charts of all patients who underwent cystectomy and ileal conduit for NLUTD between January 2004 and November 2020 in an academic center were retrospectively reviewed. The approach was either open, laparoscopic or robot‐assisted depending on the period (i.e., three consecutive era). For the robotic approach, the diversion was done either intracorporeally or extracorporeally. We compared the perioperative and late postoperative outcomes between the three groups. Results: After exclusion of 10 patients with non‐neurogenic benign conditions, 126 patients were included over the study period. The most frequent neurological conditions were multiple sclerosis (36.5%) and spinal cord injury (25.4%). The approach was open, laparoscopic or robot‐assisted in 31 (24.6%), 26 (20.6%) and 69 (54.7%) cases respectively. Seventy‐two patients experienced a 90‐day postoperative complication (57.1%) of which 22 had a major complication (Clavien 3 or higher, 17.5%) including one death (0.8%). The rate of major postoperative complications was significantly lower in the robotic group (23% vs. 23% vs. 10%; p = 0.049) while the rate of overall complications was comparable across the three groups (58.1% vs. 53.9% vs. 60.6%; p = 0.84). After a median follow‐up of 23 months, 22 patients presented a late complication (17.6%), mainly incisional hernia (5; 4%) and uretero‐ileal stricture (9; 7.2%). The rate of late complications did not differ significantly between the three approaches. Conclusion: Cystectomy and ileal conduit for neurogenic bladder is associated with a relatively high perioperative morbidity. The robot‐assisted approach may decrease the risk of major postoperative complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have studied one of the most common distributions, namely, Lindley distribution, which is an important continuous mixed distribution with great ability to represent different systems. We studied this distribution with three parameters because of its high flexibility in modelling life data. The parameters were estimated by five different methods, namely, maximum likelihood estimation, ordinary least squares, weighted least squares, maximum product of spacing, and Cramér-von Mises. Simulation experiments were performed with different sample sizes and different parameter values. The different methods were compared on the generated data by mean square error and mean absolute error. In addition, we compared the methods for real data, which represent COVID-19 data in Iraq/Anbar Province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study portrays a novel post‐processing treatment by using microwave radiations for enhancing mechanical properties of five commonly used engineering polymers, polyamide (PA), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polypropylene (PP), polycarbonate (PC), and acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene (ABS). The analysis revealed that the crystal structures of the polymers improved after the treatment due to more favorable rearrangement of crystalline segments within the polymers. Furthermore, tensile properties and tribological performance of microwave‐treated polymers were found to be significantly better when compared to those of untreated counterparts. The tensile strength, elongation, and wear performance of PA increased by 51%, 286%, and 45%, respectively, only after a treatment of 20 s. A similar response was also exhibited by other polymers as well. It was noted that optimum time for microwave treatment can vary depending on different crystalline nature of the polymers. The degree of randomness in the molecular chains of semicrystalline polymers is less; thus, it requires less treatment time. However, for amorphous polymers, as randomness increases, more time is needed. As such, post‐processing microwave treatment of polymers has proven beneficial as a cost‐effective, time‐saving, and environment‐friendly technique for enhancing material properties significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Valorisation of Argan oil requires the precise identification of different provenances markers. The concentration of tocopherol is regarded as one of the essential parameters that certifies the quality and purity of Argan oil. In this study, 39 Argan samples from six different geographical origins (Safi, Essaouira, Agadir, Taroudant, Tiznit, and Sidi Ifni) from the central west of Morocco were collected and extracted using cold pressing. The total tocopherol amount was found to range from 783.23 to 1,271.68 mg/kg. Generally, γ-tocopherol has the highest concentration in Argan oil. It should also be noted that the geographical origin was found to have a strong effect on the amounts of all tocopherol homologues studied. Principal component analysis of tocopherol concentrations highlighted a significant difference between the different provenances. The content of tocopherol has also been found to be strongly influenced by the distance from the coast and altitude, whereas no significant effect was found regarding other ecological parameters. The prediction ability of the LDA models was 87.2%. The highest correct classification was revealed in coastal provenances (100%), and the lowest values were from the continental ones (71.4%). These results provide the basis for determining the geographical origins of Argan oil production with well-defined characteristics to increase the product's value and the income of local populations. In addition, this study provides a very promising basis for developing Argan varieties with a high content of tocopherol homologues, as well as contributing to the traceability and protection of Argan oil's geographical indication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dairy goat products are in high demand in both traditional and new emerging markets. Compared to cow milk, goat milk and its products are increasingly preferred for their health and nutritional benefits such as greater digestibility and lipid metabolism. As a result, it appears that goat's milk consumers and manufacturers encounter the problem of goat's milk falsification with cow's milk. In this study, paired comparison tests were performed by adding varying amounts of cow's milk to the whole and semiskimmed goat's milk to determine to what extent the consumer can detect its falsification. As the amount of cow's milk reaches 50%, the detection of goat's milk adulteration becomes visible. This identification of goat milk adulteration by cow's milk is more marked in semiskimmed milk than in whole milk. This nondetection of whole goat milk adulteration by small amounts of cow's milk may be due to the milk's unique organoleptic characteristics, including an intense smell and a strong flavor. Furthermore, no parameter tested in our study had any effect on detecting potential adulteration of goat's milk. Practical applications: This work highlighted a practical and rapid method for the detection of possible goat's milk adulteration (whole and semiskimmed) by cow's milk using a paired comparison test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Well‐known as a hazardous compound, nitrite constitute a real threat to the public health. So, there is a pressing need to detect and quantify them in different matrix. Even though conventional analytical methods can be used to address this issue, electrochemistry allows a fast, sensitive, and efficient analysis. Conducting polymers continue to raise great interest among scientific communities due to their properties. Moreover, their combination with carbon nanomaterials, or metallic nanoparticles improves their properties, and provides great results. In this paper, we will focus on some revealing works devoted to the electrochemical detection of nitrite using this kind of materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Availability of standard, high volume production tools and processes enabled the commercialization and commoditization of LCD and OLED. For microLED, the lack of processes standards and the proliferation of technology paths hinders the development of high‐volume manufacturing tools. This paper discusses the challenges for equipment manufacturers attempting to capture the microLED opportunity. While various technology bottlenecks remain, the microLED display industry can leverage on existing expertise and equipment from the display, semiconductor, LED and photonic industries to accelerate industrialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Six wild olive subspecies (Olea europaea L.) are currently recognised globally, with two taxa cooccurring in the argan tree area in Central West Morocco: the widespread Mediterranean subspecies europaea var. Sylvestris (the so-called oleaster) and the microendemic subspecies maroccana. Despite its taxonomic and ecological importance, the chemical composition of subsp. maroccana oil remains poorly known. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the oil content and the chemical composition of subsp. maroccana and var. Sylvestris as well as comparing their proprieties during two consecutive years (2017 and 2018) from the same geographical area. The fatty acid and the sterol compositions were analysed using gas chromatography. Additionally, the tocopherol content was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. The total amount of unsaturated fatty acids was higher in maroccana (85.24%) than that in oleasters (79.05%). Additionally, the tocopherol and phytosterol content of the maroccana oil (1232.35 mg/kg and 312.75 mg/100 g, resp.) was approximately twofold higher than in oleasters (661.35 mg/kg and 210.06 mg/100 g, resp.). Analysis of variance and principal component analysis (PCA) of the chemical composition highlighted a significant difference between the quantitative and qualitative properties of their oil. Finally, these findings suggest that maroccana oil could be considered as a potential source of vitamin E, essential fatty acids, and sterols and can provide a nutraceutical oil for the local population. While this work contributes to the study of olive tree biodiversity, further investigations are still necessary to guide the putative nutraceutical use of subspecies maroccana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Broomrape weeds (Orobanche spp.) are root holoparasitic plants that cause serious damage to a range of legume crops in the Mediterranean and sub‐Saharan African regions. Grain yield of cultivated species of grass pea (Lathyrus sativus L.) is almost negligible at the highest infection severity of Orobanche. Crop wild relatives (CWRs) have emerged as a novel source for many traits in diverse crops. Lathyrus is one of the largest genera with more than 160 species. In the present study, we screened 285 accessions representing 13 Lathyrus species for their reactions against two common broomrape species, Orobanche crenata Forsk. and O. foetida Poir, under field conditions. Screening at hot spots in Morocco and Tunisia resulted in the identification of resistant accessions of wild Lathyrus species against the parasitic weed. The level of resistance to O. foetida was higher among wild species compared with O. crenata. Field results showed complete resistance for O. crenata and O. foetida by L. articulatus L. and moderate resistance by L. aphaca L. and L. ochrus (L.) DC. Resistance to O. crenata in L. sativus accessions was validated in a pot experiment under controlled conditions. Two accessions—namely, IG64782 and IG65197—showed complete resistance to O. crenata. A moderately resistant accession, IG116989, that revealed low infestation in the field showed high susceptibility in pot experiment. The results indicated that the resistance against O. crenata and O. foetida was associated with slow development of the established tubercles and low induction of parasite germination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To limit the generation of acid mine drainage at the Kettara abandoned mine (KAM) located 35 km North‐North West of Marrakech, Morocco, a store‐and‐release (SR) system was constructed. The SR system made of two materials, the cover constituted by phosphate waste (PW) rock and lower layer was the coarse‐grained tailings of KAM. The lower layer restricted water in the interface and the stocked water during wet periods by the PW layer is released during dry ones. The objective of this study is to assess the phytostabilization ability of SR cover using local plants. Seeds of five wild local plants: Atriplex semibaccata R. Br., Peganum harmala L., Asparagus horridus L., Launaea arborescens (Batt.) Murb., and Vicia sativa L., were selected and planted. Pots experiment of phosphate mine wastes (PW) and PW amended with different ratios of compost and commercial peat. These pot experiments were performed in greenhouse conditions. The germination and growth parameters studied were germination percentage (GP), mean germination time (MGT), speed of germination (SG), epigeal height, and hypogeal length evolution. Cd, Ni, As, Cu, and Zn concentrations in substrates and in plant fractions were analyzed. The results obtained using 100% PW (PW100) as the highest GP (87.50%) were obtained for A. semibaccata R. Br., followed by V. sativa L. with GP (25.00%). The uppermost MGT results showed that A. semibaccata R. Br. (MGT = 4.39) and L. arborescens (Batt.) Murb. (MGT = 1.91), were the most suitable for the phosphate mine wastes. Concerning SG, the values obtained were 19.07 and 5.11, for A. semibaccata R. Br., and L. arborescens (Batt.) Murb., respectively. Regarding the epigeal and hypogeal length, respectively, the best values were obtained for A. semibaccata R. Br., and V. sativa L., with 40.70 cm and 13.73 cm for epigeal length and 20.97 cm and 82.67 cm for hypogeal length. The results obtained with different ratios of amendments showed that the application of 10% compost and 20% organic fertilizer, showed significantly higher germination index, hypogeal, and epigeal growth for A. semibaccata R. Br., V. sativa L., and L. arborescens (Batt.) Murb. The concentrations of the studied trace elements in selected plant fractions does not exceed domestic animal metal toxicity limits in any trial. The concentrations of these trace elements in plant hypogeal fractions were significantly (p <.05) higher than those of epigeal fractions. The transfer and bio‐concentration factors were <1 in all selected plants. According to these results, we can affirm that A. semibaccata R. Br., as a key species and that V. sativa L. and L. arborescens (Batt.) Murb. are also good candidates for the phytostabilization necessary for the SR cover. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have analyzed the most recent trends in μLED display intellectual property landscape. After a decade of low activity, filings have been growing exponentially since 2012. This analysis identifies key technologies, highlights unusual solutions, and provides insights on the status of μLED developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, we developed a novel label‐free capacitance impedimetric immunosensor based on the immobilization of the human monoclonal antibody anti‐interleukin‐10 (anti‐IL‐10 mAb) onto polypyrrole (PPy)‐modified silicon nitride (Si3N4) substrates. The immunosensor was used for the detection of the recombinant interleukin‐10 antigen (rh IL‐10) that may be secreted in patients at the early stage of inflammation. The immunosensor was created by chemical deposition of PPy conducting layer on pyrrole−silane (SPy)‐treated Si/SiO2/Si3N4 substrates (Si/SiO2/Si3N4−SPy), followed by anti‐IL‐10 mAb immobilization through carboxyl‐functionalized diazonium (CMA) protocol and carbodiimide chemistry. The surface characterization and the biofunctionalization steps were characterized by SEM, FTIR and cyclic voltammetry (CV) while the detection process was carried out by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analyses. The created immunosensor showed two linear fittings (R2=0.999) for the detection of rh IL‐10 within the concentration range from 1–50 pg/mL. It exhibited high sensitivity (0.1128 (pg/mL)−1) with a very low limit of detection (LOD)=0.347 pg/mL, more particularly, at the low concentration range (1–10 pg/mL). Thus, this developed polypyrrole‐based immunosensor represents a promising strategy for creation of miniaturized label‐free, fast and highly sensitive biosensors for diagnosis of inflammation biomarkers at very low concentrations with reduced cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of novel imidazo[1,2‐b]pyridazin‐3‐yl acetamide derivatives (9a‐9j) were synthesized from a 3,6‐dichloropyridazine. We have developed a simple strategy for the synthesis of functionally diverse imidazole, and pyridiazine derivatives were reported via a series of steps. The work involves bicyclic imidazo‐pyridazine ring formation, halogenation, cynation, hydrolysis, peptide coupling, and Buchwald reaction. The structure of the synthesized compounds was confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR,19F NMR, mass spectra, and elemental analysis, and purity is checked by HPLC. All synthesized compounds were screened for anticancer activity against A‐549 and Du‐145 cancer cell lines by MTT assay. The preliminary bioassay suggests that most of the compounds show anti‐proliferation with different degrees; doxorubicin was used as positive control. The synthesized compound shows IC50 values in the range of 1.74μM to 16.17μM in both cell lines. The compounds 9e, 9g, and 9h were active compared with doxorubicin in both the cell lines. The compounds having cyclopentyl ring are active compared with higher and lower carbon analogues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The arrival of cloud computing technology promises innovative solutions to the problems inherent in existing vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) networks. Because of the highly dynamic nature of these networks in crowded conditions, some network performance improvements are needed to anticipate and disseminate reliable traffic information. Although several approaches have been proposed for the dissemination of data in the vehicular clouds, these approaches rely on the dissemination of data from conventional clouds to vehicles, or vice versa. However, anticipating and delivering data, in a proactive way, based on query message or an event driven has not been defined so far by these approaches. Therefore, in this paper, a VANET‐Cloud layer is proposed for traffic management and network performance improvements during congested conditions. For the traffic management, the proposed layer integrates the benefits of the connected sensor network (CSN) to collect traffic data and the cloud infrastructure to provide on‐demand and automatic cloud services. In this work, traffic services use a data exchange mechanism to propagate the predicted data using a fuzzy aggregation technique. In the evaluation phase, simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed VANET‐Cloud layer to dramatically improve traffic safety and network performance as compared with recent works. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While ML techniques provide new opportunities in the field of RCC prognostication, it is imperative to standardize and improve the quality of reporting of these novel artificial intelligence algorithms, as well as to thoroughly validate them before integration into shared decision making in daily clinical practice. Abbreviations AUC area under the curve ML machine learning SHAP Shapley additive explanations STREAM-URO Standardized Reporting of Machine Learning Applications in Urology Artificial intelligence and machine learning (ML) are increasingly applied to the study of patients with RCC [[1]]. The Standardized Reporting of Machine Learning Applications in Urology (STREAM-URO) framework was developed to provide a set of recommendations to standardize the way in which ML studies are reported [[8]]. [Extracted from the article]

Heavy metal contamination is of particular concern for human health and the environment. Phytoremediation is an emerging cost‐effective strategy to remediate heavy metal contaminated soil. However, this technique is limited by the small number of plants that are tolerant to heavy metals and are also accumulators. This study assayed zinc, lead, and cadmium tolerance and accumulation in Cistus libanotis, Cistus albidus, and Cistus salviifolius. The plants were cultivated in hydroponic conditions and exposed to different concentrations of Pb(NO3)2 (100 and 200 µM), ZnSO4 (100 and 200 µM), or CdCl2 (10 and 20 µM) for 3 weeks. Plant biomass and metal accumulation in roots and aboveground parts varied greatly among the species. All three species appeared to be sensitive to Zn. However, C. albidus displayed strong tolerance to Pb and accumulated large quantities of Pb and Cd in its roots. C. libanotis accumulated large quantities of Pb and Cd in its aboveground parts. C. libanotis can thus be classified as a Pb and Cd accumulator species. The study results show that C. albidus is suitable for phytostabilization of Pb‐contaminated soils, while C. libanotis can be used for phytoextraction of both Pb and Cd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To investigate the effect of surgical experience on the perioperative outcomes of endoscopic GreenLight™ (Boston Scientific Corporation, Marlborough, MA, USA) laser enucleation of the prostate (GreenLEP). Subjects/Patients and Methods: A multicentre retrospective study of the first patients treated with GreenLEP by six surgeons was conducted. For each patient, surgical experience was coded as the total number of procedures performed by the surgeons before the patient's operation. The learning curve was analysed in terms of changes over time for the following variables: enucleation time, morcellation time, occurrence of intraoperative complications (IOCs), 3‐month postoperative International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) reduction, and the rate of Pentafecta achievement. Results: In total, 922 patients were analysed. At multivariable regression analyses adjusted for case mix, surgical experience was associated with shorter enucleation and morcellation time (P < 0.001), lower IOC rate (P < 0.001), higher 3‐month postoperative reduction in IPSS (P = 0.004), and higher probability of Pentafecta achievement (P < 0.001). The relationship between surgical experience and enucleation time/IOCs appeared as non‐linear, with a steep slope reduction within the first 100 cases and a plateau observed after 200 cases, whilst the IPSS improved rapidly early in the learning curve process and plateaued after ~100 procedures. Finally, there was a linear improvement in Pentafecta achievement, with a plateau observed after 270 cases. Conclusion: Surgical experience has a significant impact on the perioperative outcomes for GreenLEP procedures. After adjusting for patient and prostate characteristics, plateau results were achieved after a long learning curve. A more intensely mentored and structured training schedule might allow quicker and safer adoption of the procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiple morphological anomalies of the sperm flagella (MMAF syndrome) is a severe male infertility phenotype which has so far been formally linked to the presence of biallelic mutations in nine genes mainly coding for axonemal proteins overexpressed in the sperm flagellum. Homozygous mutations in QRICH2, a gene coding for a protein known to be required for stabilizing proteins involved in sperm flagellum biogenesis, have recently been identified in MMAF patients from two Chinese consanguineous families. Here, in order to better assess the contribution of QRICH2 in the etiology of the MMAF phenotype, we analyzed all QRICH2 variants from whole exome sequencing data of a cohort of 167 MMAF‐affected subjects originating from North Africa, Iran, and Europe. We identified a total of 14 potentially deleterious variants in 18 unrelated individuals. Two unrelated subjects, representing 1% of the cohort, carried a homozygous loss‐of‐function variant: c.3501C>G [p.Tyr1167Ter] and c.4614C>G [p.Tyr1538Ter], thus confirming the implication of QRICH2 in the MMAF phenotype and human male infertility. Sixteen MMAF patients (9.6%) carried a heterozygous QRICH2 potentially deleterious variant. This rate was comparable to what was observed in a control group (15.5%) suggesting that the presence of QRICH2 heterozygous variants is not associated with MMAF syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presently, bisphenol A (BPA) has been added to the list of substances of very high concern as endocrine disruptors. According to the literature, exposure to bisphenol A even at low doses may result in adverse health effects. In this study, electrochemical sensor of Bisphenol A based on thioether DDT‐Poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone) oligomer has been developed. The thioether oligomer, which is capable of recognizing BPA, was prepared and used for gold electrode modification. The characterization of the modified gold electrode and the synthesized thioether oligomer were carried out by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR) and Size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Obtained results indicate that the modified electrode shows good electrochemical activity, good sensitivity and reproducibility for BPA detection. It exhibited a good linear relationship ranging from 1 to 20 pg/mL, and the detection limit was found to be 1.9 pg/mL at S/N=3. Several interfering species such as hydroquinone, phenol and resorcinol were used and their behaviors on the modified gold electrode were investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To assess the predictive values of six urinary markers (nerve growth factor [NGF], brain‐derived neurotrophic factor [BDNF], matrix metalloproteinase 2 [MMP‐2], tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase 2 [TIMP‐2], transformation growth factor β‐1 [TGF‐B1], and prostaglandin 2 [PGE2]) for adverse urodynamic features and for upper urinary tract damage in adult patients with spina bifida. Materials and methods: A single‐center prospective trial was conducted from March 2015 to March 2017 including all consecutive adult patients with spina bifida seen for urodynamic testing. The urine was collected and stored at −80°C. A urodynamic and an upper urinary tract were systematically performed. At the end of the inclusion period, urines were defrosted and urinary nerve growth factor, BDNF, TIMP‐2, and TGF‐B1 were assessed using validated ELISA kits. The urinary markers levels were adjusted on the urinary creatinine level. Urinary MMP‐2 levels were assessed by zymography. Results: Fourty patients were included. Only TIMP‐2 and MMP‐2 were significantly associated with poor bladder compliance (P = .043 and P = .039, respectively). TIMP‐2 was also the only urinary marker significantly associated with upper urinary tract damage on imaging (OR = 19.81; P = .02). Of all urodynamic parameters, bladder compliance and maximum detrusor pressure were the only ones associated with upper urinary tract damage on imaging (P = .01 and P = .02), The diagnostic performances of urinary TIMP‐2 for upper urinary tract damage were slightly superior to PdetMax and bladder compliance with an area under the curve of 0.72. Conclusion: Urinary TIMP‐2 and MMP‐2 were significantly associated with poor bladder compliance and urinary TIMP‐2 was significantly associated with upper urinary tract damage. These findings support a pathophysiological role of extracellular matrix remodeling in poor bladder compliance of adult patients with spina bifida. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The excitement about microLEDs has grown exponentially since Apple acquired technology startup Luxvue in 2014. All major display makers have now invested in the technology. But there are still overlooked technical challenges, and a new miniLED keyword has entered the field. We try and explain all of this here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic particles are of great interest in various biomedical applications, such as, sample preparation, in vitro biomedical diagnosis, and therapy. For biosensing applications, the used functional magnetic particles should answer numerous criteria such as; submicron size in order to avoid rapid sedimentation, high magnetic content for fast separations under applied magnetic field, and finally, good colloidal stability. Therefore, the aim of this work was to prepare submicron magnetic core and conducting polymer shell particles. The polymer shell was induced using p‐phenylenediamine as key monomer. The obtained core–shell particles were characterized in terms of particle size, size distribution, magnetization properties, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, surface morphology, chemical composition, cyclic voltammetry, and impedance spectroscopy. The best experimental condition was found using 40 mg of povidone (PVP—stabilizing agent) and 0.16 mmol of p‐phenylenediamine. Using such initial composition, the core‐shell magnetic nanoparticles shown a narrowed size distribution around 290 nm and high magnetic content (above 50%). The obtained amino containing submicron highly magnetic particles were found to be a conducting material and superparamagnetic in nature. These promising conducting magnetic particles can be used for both transport and lab‐on‐a‐chip detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MicroLED is a promising display technology. There are however still many technical challenges that need to be tackled before it is ready for consumer products. Mass transfer of the microLED chips is the elephant in the room, but many others could prove as challenging and possibly even derail the microLED roadmap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To compare the oncological outcomes of percutaneous cryoablation (PCA) vs robot‐assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) for the treatment of T1 renal tumours. Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study in all patients treated by RAPN or PCA for malignant renal tumours in one of four centres between 2009 and 2016. Tumours were paired one by one using radiological tumour stage and RENAL nephrometry score (package matchit, R software version 3.2.2). Malignancy was confirmed by biopsy for all patients in the PCA group. Patient characteristics before and after matching and oncological results were compared between the two groups. Cox regression, adjusted for age, treatment type, histological type and margins, was used to identify factors associated with time to local recurrence. Positive margins were defined histologically in the RAPN group and radiologically in the PCA group. Results: A total of 647 patients were identified; 470 underwent RAPN and 177 underwent PCA. After matching, there was no significant difference between the two groups (RAPN, n = 177; PCA, n = 177) with regard to tumour stage, RENAL nephrometry score, tumour size (27.6 vs 25.9 mm; P = 0.07) and gender ratio. Patients in the PCA group remained significantly older (69.9 vs 59.8 years; P < 0.001). The absolute recurrence rate was 2.8% in the RAPN group vs 8.4% in the PCA group (P = 0.03). The 5‐year recurrence‐free survival rate was 85% in the PCA group vs 95% in the RAPN group (log‐rank P = 0.02). In multivariate analysis, the presence of positive margins and the type of treatment were the two factors significantly associated with local recurrence (P < 0.001 and P = 0.046, respectively). Conclusion: The local recurrence rate after PCA was significantly higher than after RAPN for T1 renal tumours. Incomplete treatment was the main criterion associated with recurrence. The recurrence rate may have been overestimated in the PCA group because of closer radiological follow‐up in these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]