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Self‐report questionnaires, used for detecting major depressive disorder (MDD) in daily life, may incur biases stemming from social desirability and repetitive answers. Though detection based on mobile sensing was being developed recently, it cannot sufficiently promote self‐help action due to the characteristics of passive feedback. Thus, an active self‐monitoring and feedback system is crucial for individuals to recognize and address their malfunctions. In this study, we proposed to predict changes in MDD severity using cognitive tasks monitored on mobile devices. An online survey was conducted to evaluate the severity, incorporating cognitive tasks such as Navon task, Go/No‐go task, and n‐back task, along with the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology. Participants completed the survey three times on their mobile devices. The analysis included data from 75 participants, including 21 participants whose MDD score increased by at least one point during the second and third surveys; the first survey was excluded to avoid confounding effects. A random forest classifier was employed for classifying participants whose depression has and has not worsened. The learned model achieved modest accuracy (68.3%) with a significant mean area under the curve of 0.59 (t(9) = 2.98, p = .016, dz = 0.94), suggesting the potential to predict depressive states based on cognitive domains. Moreover, working memory and attentional inhibition functions contributed to predicting the severity change mostly. Though improvements are required to reduce false negatives for practical applications, our result suggests that MDD aggravation could be assessed by mobile cognitive tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of repellents for nematode control has not been established. Leaf extracts of Myrtus communis, an evergreen shrub with wide distribution in the Mediterranean and some other regions, were tested for repellence of second‐stage juveniles (J2s) of Meloidogyne species. Extracts obtained with several solvents and water repelled M. javanica J2s on agar plates, with the 60% methanol extract showing the highest repellent activity. M. hapla J2s were also repelled by the aqueous and 60% methanol extracts. Adding the 60% methanol extract to fluopyram, a chemical J2 attractant, reduced and abolished, respectively, the attraction of M. javanica and M. hapla J2s to it. When the methanolic extract was added near lettuce seedling roots on an agar plate, the number of M. javanica, M. incognita and M. hapla J2s attracted to the root tips was reduced by 70.0%–98.2%, infection rates decreased by 50.1%–95.8% and root length increased by 61.8%–186.7% compared to control seedlings grown on the same plates. When the methanol extract was mixed into the agar plate, the three Meloidogyne species' attraction to and infection of lettuce seedlings was reduced by up to 75.4% and 100%, respectively, and root length increased up to 3.4‐fold. The acetone extract mixed into the agar reduced the attraction of M. javanica J2s to fluopyram but did not affect their repellence by KNO3. The results suggest that M. communis leaf extracts have repellent and infection‐inhibitory activity against Meloidogyne J2, offering potential control means for Meloidogyne species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of diphenylboron and 9‐borafluoren‐9‐yl complexes with chiral Schiff‐base ligands was synthesized and characterized by NMR spectroscopy. X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed that their boron centers were adapted to tetrahedral coordination geometry. Although boron complexes with salicylideneimine backbones exhibited a weak circularly polarized luminescence (CPL), the CPL brightness (BCPL) was enhanced more than 9‐fold by the π‐extension of the Schiff base ligands. Time‐resolved emission decay analysis and theoretical calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) were conducted to further understand their luminescent properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Shear wave (SW) elastography is used to evaluate metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) pathophysiology. Increased elasticity due to fibrosis and increased viscosity due to necrosis and inflammation affect SW. Assessing fibrosis, the most prognostically relevant pathology, is critical. Viscosity is evaluated using the dispersion slope (DS); however, cut‐off values that affect SW values are unclear. We compared the ultrasound imaging parameters (SW for viscoelasticity; DS for viscosity) with pathological findings. Methods: Patients (n = 159) who underwent liver biopsy and SW and DS assessments at our hospital were included. Fibrosis stage and inflammation grade cut‐off values were calculated from SW, DS, and liver biopsy results using receiver operating characteristic curves. Cases in which liver biopsy results were inconsistent with SW results were used to determine the effect of viscosity on SW values. DS was examined in the Correct and Incorrect Diagnosis groups, which were categorized based on the concordance between SW and liver biopsy results. Dispersion slope cut‐off values between the two groups were calculated. Results: Fibrosis stage cut‐off values by SW (m/s) were: ≥F2, 1.62; ≥F3, 1.74; and F4, 1.97. Inflammation grade cut‐off values by DS (m/s/kHz) were: ≥A1, 11.6; ≥A2, 14.5; and A3, 16.1. The Correct/Incorrect Diagnosis groups had 25/70 patients. The DS cut‐off value for both groups was 13.2 m/s/kHz. Conclusions: Shear wave and DS are useful for evaluating liver fibrosis and inflammation in MASLD. For DS > 13.2 m/s/kHz, SW may be affected by the increased viscosity owing to inflammation. In such patients, caution should be used when determining/interpreting values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mushrooms are the fruiting bodies of fungi and are important reproductive structures that produce and disseminate spores. The Pri3 gene was originally reported to be specifically expressed in the primordia (a precursor to the mature fruiting body) of the edible mushroom Cyclocybe aegerita. Here, we cloned a Pri3‐related cDNA from Cyclocybe cylindracea, another species in the same genus, and showed that the gene is specifically expressed at the pileus surface of the immature fruiting body but not in the primordia. Immunohistochemistry showed that the translated protein is secreted into a polysaccharide layer of the pileus surface. The recombinant C‐terminal Cys‐rich domain of the protein showed antifungal activity against three filamentous fungi and inhibited hyphal growth and conidiogenesis. These results suggest that the PRI3‐related protein of C. cylindracea, named cylindracin, plays an important role in the defense against pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Autotaxin (ATX) is a newly identified liver fibrosis biomarker; however, its clinical usefulness remains unclear. Therefore, we analyzed the changes in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection treated with nucleos(t)ide analogs (NAs) to evaluate its usefulness. We also investigated the predictors of hepatocellular carcinoma development, including ATX, in patients with chronic hepatitis B based on their clinical characteristics. Methods: This retrospective study included 179 patients with hepatitis B virus infection treated with NAs for >2 years. First, we measured the ATX levels before and up to 10 years after initiating entecavir (therapy for 88 patients whose serial ATX levels could be measured before and during entecavir therapy. Subsequently, for 179 patients whose ATX levels could be measured at the commencement of NAs, we examined the factors involved in developing hepatocellular carcinoma, including ATX. Results: The ATX levels showed a gradual and significant decrease during the observation period of up to 10 years. Multivariable analysis showed that a baseline ATX/upper limits of normal ratio ≥1.214, age, and alkaline phosphatase levels were independent risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma development. The combination of age and ATX/upper limits of normal ratio was used to stratify the high‐risk groups for liver carcinogenesis. Conclusions: A decrease in ATX levels up to 10 years after the commencement of therapy suggested that ATX is a helpful biomarker in evaluating fibrosis in patients undergoing long‐term NA therapy. Furthermore, this study showed that combining age and the baseline ATX/upper limits of normal ratio may help identify high‐risk carcinogenesis groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crack formations in AlGaN templates for deep ultraviolet (DUV) light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) are investigated and successfully suppressed. The strain values in AlGaN thick layers on sapphire substrates by in situ wafer curvature measurements and ex situ X‐ray diffraction measurements are evaluated. It is found that the tensile strain during the AlGaN thick layer growth comes from a thermal expansion difference between the AlGaN thick layer and the sapphire substrate as the temperature changes from the AlN nucleation layer growth to the AlGaN thick layer growth. When the temperature change is 100 °C and less, the tensile strain of 0.1% and less is observed during the AlGaN thick layer growth, resulting in no crack formations in the AlGaN thick layer. Furthermore, a DUV LED layer structure grown on such a crack‐free AlGaN template shows no crack formations. Thus, to suppress crack formation in templates fabricated for DUV LEDs, their growth temperature must be optimized by considering thermal expansions caused by the changes in the growth temperature from the nucleation layer to the thick layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, hole generation in a 60 nm thick polarization‐doped AlxGa1–xN (x = 0.9–0.35)‐graded layer with some Mg doping (5 × 1018 cm−3) is demonstrated by using a 10 nm thick heavily (1 × 1020 cm−3) Mg‐doped Al0.35Ga0.65N contact layer. First, light emission from a deep‐ultraviolet light‐emitting diode is observed with the AlxGa1–xN (x = 0.9–0.35)‐graded layer and the Al0.35Ga0.65N contact layer, indicating a vertical hole transport from the Al0.35Ga0.65N contact layer to the active region through the polarization‐doped AlGaN‐graded layer. Second, hole concentration, mobility, and resistivity values of the AlxGa1–xN (x = 0.9–0.35)‐graded layer and the Al0.35Ga0.65N contact layer are evaluated by Hall effect measurement. A hole concentration of 1.8 × 1018 cm−3 is clearly observed by removing the AlGaN contact layer (not underneath of electrodes) to minimize a parallel conduction. The hole concentration shows a very weak temperature dependence from room temperature down to 150 K, suggesting that the holes are generated by polarization doping. Hole generation in the fully strained AlxGa1–xN (x = 0.9–0.35)‐graded layer is directly evaluated by Hall effect measurement with the AlGaN contact layer just underneath the electrodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic batteries are one of the possible routes for transitioning to sustainable energy storage solutions. However, the recycling of organic batteries, which is a key step toward circularity, is not easily achieved. This work shows the direct recycling of poly(2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinyloxy‐4‐yl) (PTMA) and poly(2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinyloxy‐4‐yl acrylamide) (PTAm) based composite electrodes. After charge‐discharge cycling, the electrodes are deconstructed using a solubilizing‐solvent and then reconstructed using a casting‐solvent. The electrochemical properties of the original and recycled electrodes are compared using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge‐discharge (GCD) cycling, from which it is discovered using time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) that recycling can be challenged by the formation of a cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI). In turn, an additive is proposed to modify the CEI layer and improve the properties after recycling. Last, an anionic rocking chair battery consisting of PTAm electrodes as both positive and negative electrodes is demonstrated, in which the electrodes are recycled to form a new battery. This work demonstrates the recycling of composite electrodes for organic batteries and provides insights into the challenges and possible solutions for recycling the next‐generation electrochemical energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: As the incidence of obesity increases worldwide, laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) in obese patients with gastric cancer is more common. It is unclear how visceral fat obesity (obesity disease [OD]) may influence short‐ and long‐term outcomes after LG. Methods: This study included 170 gastric cancer patients who underwent curative LG at Minoh City Hospital from 2008 to 2020. Patients were classified based on preoperative body mass index (BMI) and visceral fat area (VFA): normal (N; n = 95), visceral fat accumulation alone (VF; n = 35), obesity with visceral fat accumulation (OD; n = 35), and obesity alone (n = 5). Results: Compared with normal VFA, high preoperative VFA (≥100 cm2) was significantly associated with longer operation time, greater blood loss, more frequent postoperative complications, and longer hospital stay. Multivariate analysis revealed the following independent risk factors for postoperative intra‐abdominal infectious complications: Charlson Comorbidity Index ≥4 (odds ratio [OR]: 3.1, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2–8.5), dissected lymph node area (D2) (OR: 3.0, 95% CI: 1.2–7.1), and preoperative VFA (≥100 cm2) (OR: 3.7, 95% CI: 1.6–8.8). Intraoperative and postoperative courses were comparable between groups VF and OD. The 3‐year overall survival rate was significantly worse in group VF (73.2%) compared with groups OD (96.7%) and N (96.7%) (p <.0001). Recurrence‐free survival and cancer‐specific survival were comparable between groups VF, OD, and N. Conclusion: Visceral fat accumulation strongly predicted postoperative morbidity. Despite increased perioperative risk, OD did not negatively impact successful lymphadenectomy or survival following LG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amenamevir is an oral once‐daily antiherpesvirus drug that can be administered without dose adjustment in patients with impaired renal function. There are currently no clinical data on immunocompromised patients with herpes zoster treated with amenamevir. Therefore, an exploratory study of the efficacy and safety of amenamevir against herpes zoster in patients with immunosuppression was conducted. Inclusion criteria included patients with acute herpes zoster receiving immunosuppressive drugs or those with malignant tumors or autoimmune diseases. Twenty‐four patients were included and received amenamevir (400 mg once daily after meals) for up to 14 days. The primary end point of overall improvement in skin symptoms 7 days after treatment initiation (day 7) was 58.3% for "markedly improved" and 20.8% for "improved." The combined improvement rate was 79.2% (95% confidence interval, 57.8–92.9), and 20.8% of patients experienced "worsened" symptoms. The secondary end points of overall improvement in skin symptoms on day 14 and day 28 were 95.7% and 100%, respectively. The skin symptoms progressed during treatment, peaking on day 7, and then began to heal. By Kaplan–Meier estimation, the median periods to complete crusting and healing were both day 14. There were five adverse events with a possible causal relationship to amenamevir (bacterial skin infection, anemia, hyponatremia, headache, and abnormal liver function) in one of the 24 patients. Although the bacterial skin infection was severe, all events in this patient were reported to be either recovered or recovering. These findings indicate that amenamevir can be effective and safe in immunocompromised patients with herpes zoster. However, as worsening can happen around day 7, it is necessary to carefully monitor such patients and switch to other therapies such as intravenous acyclovir if necessary. Clinical trial identifier: Japan Registry of Clinical Trials jRCTs031190208. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) has been used for many years to induce autoimmune diseases in animal models, including experimental autoimmune encephalitis and collagen‐induced arthritis. However, it remains unclear why it is necessary to emulsify autoantigen and heat‐killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis (HKMtb) with IFA to induce experimental autoimmune diseases. Here, we found that immunization with self‐antigen and HKMtb was insufficient to induce autoimmune diseases in mice. Furthermore, IFA or one of its components, mineral oil, but not mannide monooleate, was required for the development of experimental autoimmune disease. Immunization with autoantigen and HKMtb emulsified in mineral oil facilitated innate immune activation and promoted the differentiation of pathogenic CD4+ T cells, followed by their accumulation in neuronal tissues. Several water‐soluble hydrocarbon compounds were identified in mineral oil. Of these, immunization with HKMtb and autoantigen emulsified with the same amount of hexadecane or tridecylcyclohexane as mineral oil induced the development of experimental autoimmune encephalitis. In contrast, immunization with HKMtb and autoantigen emulsified with tridecylcyclohexane, but not hexadecane, at doses equivalent to those found in mineral oil, resulted in neuronal dysfunction. These data indicate that tridecylcyclohexane in mineral oil is a critical component in the induction of experimental autoimmune disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Walking is a locomotion mode in which animals move over the ground using their appendages. Walking is observed in both terrestrial and aquatic animals, but the morphology and diversity of appendages in the latter group have been less extensively studied. The present paper reports on the "adhesive areas," which may represent morphological and physiological adaptations for stable aquatic walking, in the paintpot cuttlefish, Ascarosepion tullbergi. This animal employs arm IV as a forelimb and an ambulatory flap as a hindlimb for walking, resulting in a gait‐like manner of movement. The structure of the adhesive area is exclusively located on the ventral skin surface of arm IV and the ambulatory flap, which are in contact with the ground during walking. The "adhesive areas" are characterized by a dense population of adhesive mucus‐secreting cells and the development of numerous wrinkles on the surface. These features may enhance the gripping and sticking capacity of the ground‐contact area, thus improving walking stability. The use of adhesive areas for walking is a unique feature of A. tullbergi, as other cuttlefish with adhesive areas primarily use them for attaching to substrata in strong currents. Our results contribute to the understanding of the locomotion strategy of cuttlefish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water in hydrophobic nanospaces shows specific dynamic properties different from bulk water. The investigation of these properties is important in various research fields, including materials science, chemistry, and biology. The elucidation of the correlation between properties of water and hydrophobic nanospaces requires nanospaces covered only with simple hydrophobic group (e.g. fluorine) without impurities such as metals. This work successfully fabricated all‐organic diamondoid porous organic salts (d‐POSs) with highly fluorinated nanospaces, wherein hydrophobic fluorine atoms are densely exposed on the void surfaces, by combining fluorine substituted triphenylmethylamine (TPMA) derivatives with tetrahedral tetrasulfonic acid. This d‐POSs with a highly fluorinated nanospace significantly improved their water stability, retaining their crystal structure even when immersed in water over one week. Moreover, this highly hydrophobic and fluorinated nanospace adsorbs 160 mL(STP)/g of water vapor at Pe/P0=0.90; this is the first hydrophobic nanospace, which water molecules can enter, in an all‐organic porous material. Furthermore, this highly fluorinated nanospace exhibits very high proton conductivity (1.34×10−2 S/cm) at 90 °C and 95 % RH. POSs with tailorable nanospaces may significantly advance the elucidation of the properties of specific "water" in pure hydrophobic environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, lead‐free, mixed‐halide perovskites of cesium bismuth bromide/iodide are synthesized by a hydrothermal method, and their structures and optical properties of the solid solution compounds are examined. The synthesized compounds exhibit X‐ray diffraction patterns similar to that of trigonal Cs3Bi2Br9 (CBB), whose reflections are shifted to lower angles depending on the experimental iodine content. Very interestingly, even with the excessive introduction of iodine content in nominal, the symmetry of the crystals is kept to be trigonal, indicating that bromide CBB and iodide Cs3Bi2I9 (CBI) are crystallographically mixed in a facile way, although the stable crystal form of CBI is hexagonal. The optical properties of bandgap energy Eg and photoluminescence (PL) for the synthesized crystals are also examined. It is found that Eg decreases and PL peak position is correspondingly shifted to a longer wavelength with an increase in the experimental iodine content due to their band‐to‐band transitions. Moreover, first‐principles calculation suggests the reduction of Eg with iodine content and the varied nature of band structure from direct (trigonal CBB) to indirect (trigonal CBI) transition. These novel findings can make the proposed strategy successful for developing lead‐free, mixed‐halide Bi‐based perovskite crystals with the tunability of their optical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, data‐driven approaches for exploring novel materials are garnering significant attention with the expectation of accelerating material development cycles and understanding materials from various aspects. This short article presents a supervised prediction model for the emission intensity ratio of 5D0–7F2 and 5D0–7F1 transition of Eu3+ ions, called an "asymmetry ratio", which determines the color purity of the red region of Eu3+ photoluminescence in perovskite phosphors. The model is developed using a dataset of 296 samples and 203 descriptors for Eu3+‐doped perovskite. The accuracy of the prediction model trained by the dataset is statistically evaluated, which validates its sufficiently high prediction performance. Furthermore, the prediction model's performance is properly assessed by synthesizing a Eu3+‐doped NaLaInNbO6 compound, which is unknown as a red phosphor, and by comparing the experimental asymmetry ratio for this compound with that predicted by the predictor, which exhibits satisfactory agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, for developing colored photocatalysts, calcium manganese oxide (Ca–Mn–O) film and powder samples are synthesized by a sol–gel method using acetylacetone (acac) or citric acid as a chelating agent, and their color and photocatalytic properties are evaluated. Thin‐film X‐ray diffraction experiments clarify the precipitation of Ca–Mn–O phases, such as Ca3Mn2O7 (Ca/Mn = 1.5) and Ca2MnO4 (Ca/Mn = 2), in the film samples with drop‐cast coating. These films strongly absorb all visible light due to the interband transition between O 2p and Mn 3d orbitals, resulting in dark gray coloration. By testing photocatalytic activities using methylene blue dyes, it is revealed that the film sample (acac, 4‐drops) exhibits photocatalytic activities, which makes Ca–Mn–O films dual functional with photocatalytic functions and coloration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high surface area, open pore‐structure and atomic‐level organization inherent in many covalent organic frameworks (COFs) make them an attractive polymer platform for developing functional materials. Herein, a chemically robust 2D COF (TpOMe‐DAPQ COF) containing phenanthraquinone moieties was prepared by condensing 2,4,6‐trimethoxy‐1,3,5‐benzenetricarbaldehyde (TpOMe) and 2,7‐diamino‐9,10‐phenanthraquinone (DAPQ) using the convenient mechanochemical method. The poor charge‐storage capacity of the pristine TpOMe‐DAPQ COF was substantially improved by first investigating its redox‐site accessibility (RSA) using different conductivity‐enhancement methods, and then optimizing the amount of EDOT needed to perform an in‐situ polymerization. The resulting composite (0.4EDOT@TpOMe‐DAPQ) was characterized and its enhanced charge‐storage capabilities enabled it to be used as an anode material in an aqueous Mn beaker‐cell battery capable of delivering 0.76 V. This work outlines the rational design approach used to develop a functional charge‐storage material utilizing a COF‐based polymerization platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastric cancer (GC) is characterized by significant intratumoral heterogeneity, and stem cells are promising therapeutic targets. Despite advancements in spatial transcriptome analyses, unexplored targets for addressing cancer stemness remain unknown. This study aimed to identify Nuclear Factor IX (NFIX) as a critical regulator of cancer stemness in GC and evaluate its clinicopathological significance and function. Spatial transcriptome analysis of GC was conducted. The correlation between NFIX expression, clinicopathological factors, and prognosis was assessed using immunostaining in 127 GC cases. Functional analyses of cancer cell lines validated these findings. Spatial transcriptome analysis stratified GC tissues based on genetic profiles, identified CSC‐like cells, and further refined the classification to identify and highlight the significance of NFIX, as validated by Monocle 3 and CytoTRACE analyses. Knockdown experiments in cancer cell lines have demonstrated the involvement of NFIX in cancer cell proliferation and kinase activity. This study underscores the role of spatial transcriptome analysis in refining GC tissue classification and identifying therapeutic targets, highlighting NFIX as a pivotal factor. NFIX expression is correlated with poor prognosis and drives GC progression, suggesting its potential as a novel therapeutic target for personalized GC therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keratins are typical intermediate filament proteins of the epithelium that exhibit highly specific expression patterns related to the epithelial type and stage of cellular differentiation. They are important for cytoplasmic stability and epithelial integrity and are involved in various intracellular signaling pathways. Several keratins are associated with enamel formation. However, information on their expression patterns during tooth development remains lacking. In this study, we analyzed the spatiotemporal expression of keratin family members during tooth development using single‐cell RNA‐sequencing (scRNA‐seq) and microarray analysis. scRNA‐seq datasets from postnatal Day 1 mouse molars revealed that several keratins are highly expressed in the dental epithelium, indicating the involvement of keratin family members in cellular functions. Among various keratins, keratin 5 (Krt5), keratin 14 (Krt14), and keratin 17 (Krt17) are highly expressed in the tooth germ; KRT17 is specifically expressed in the stratum intermedium (SI) and stellate reticulum (SR). Depletion of Krt17 did not affect cell proliferation in the dental epithelial cell line SF2 but suppressed their differentiation ability. These results suggest that Krt17 is essential for SI cell differentiation. Furthermore, scRNA‐seq results indicated that Krt5, Krt14, and Krt17 exhibited distinct expression patterns in ameloblast, SI, and SR cells. Our findings contribute to the elucidation of novel mechanisms underlying tooth development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To date, there have been no reports of recording epicardial electrograms at the onset of spontaneous ventricular fibrillation (VF) in patients with Brugada syndrome (BrS). In the case of BrS, unipolar and bipolar electrogram recording on the right ventricular epicardium revealed that dispersion of repolarization with delayed potential was associated with spontaneous occurrence of VF. Phase 2 reentry associated with shortening and dispersion of action potential could have been recorded for the first time in BrS. Epicardial unipolar mapping can guide accurate and appropriate ablation for the elimination of arrhythmia substrate in J wave syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study investigates the thermal expansion and superconducting properties of a CuAl2‐type (tetragonal) superconductor CoZr2 under high pressures. High‐pressure synchrotron X‐ray diffraction is performed in a pressure range of 2.9 GPa < P < 10.4 GPa, and it is discovered that CoZr2 exhibits volumetric negative thermal expansion (NTE) under high pressures. Although uniaxial positive thermal expansion (PTE) along the a‐axis is observed under ambient pressure, it is suppressed by pressure, whereas a large uniaxial NTE along the c‐axis is maintained under the pressure regime. Because of the combination of the suppressed uniaxial PTE along the a‐axis and uniaxial NTE along the c‐axis, volumetric NTE is achieved under high pressure in CoZr2. The volumetric NTE mechanism is based on the flexible crystal structure caused by the soft Co–Co bond, as observed in the isostructural compound FeZr2, which exhibits a uniaxial NTE along the c‐axis. High‐pressure electrical resistance measurements of CoZr2 are performed and confirm superconductivity at 0.03 GPa < P < 41.9 GPa. Because of the coexistence of the two phenomena, volumetric NTE and superconductivity, in CoZr2 under high pressure, coexistence can be achieved under ambient pressure by tuning the chemical composition after the present observation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To identify factors associated with locomotive syndrome (LS) using medical questionnaire data and machine learning. Methods: A total of 1575 participants underwent the LS risk tests from the third survey of the research on osteoarthritis/osteoporosis against disability study (ROAD) study. LS was defined as stage 1 or higher based on clinical decision limits of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association. A total of 1335 items of medical questionnaire data came from this study. The number of medical questionnaire items was reduced from 1335 to 331 in data cleaning. From the 331 items, identify factors associated with LS use by light gradient boosting machine‐based recursive feature elimination with cross‐validation. The performance of each set was evaluated using an average of seven performance metrics, including 95% confidence intervals, using a bootstrapping method. The smallest set of items is determined with the highest average of receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (ROC‐AUC) under 20 items as association factors of LS. Additionally, the performance of the selected items was compared with the LS risk tests and Loco‐check. Results: The nine items have the best average ROC‐AUC under 20 items. The nine items show an average ROC‐AUC of 0.858 (95% confidence interval 0.816–0.898). Age and back pain during walking were strongly associated with the prevalence of LS. The ROC‐AUC of nine items is higher than that of existing questionnaire‐based LS assessments, including the 25‐question Geriatric Locomotor Scale and Loco‐check. Conclusions: The identified nine items could aid early LS detection, enhancing understanding and prevention. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 806–813. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), a better understanding of tumor microenvironment (TME) is becoming crucial in managing esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients. We investigated the survival impact of TME status and changes in patients with ESCC who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by surgery (n = 264). We examined immunohistochemical status (CD4+, CD8+, CD20+, Foxp3+, HLA class‐1+, CD204+, and programmed death ligand‐1 [PD‐L1+]) on 264 pre‐NAC and 204 paired post‐NAC specimens. Patients were classified by their pre‐ and post‐NAC immune cell status and their changes following NAC. Our findings showed that pre‐NAC TME status was not significantly associated with survival outcomes. In contrast, post‐NAC TME status, such as low level of T cells, CD4+ T cells, and high PD‐L1 combined positive score (CPS), were significantly associated with poor overall survival (OS). Notably, TME changes through NAC exerted significant survival impacts; patients with consistently low levels of T cells, low levels of CD4+ T cells, or high levels of PD‐L1 (CPS) had very poor OS (3‐year OS: 35.5%, 40.2%, and 33.3%, respectively). Tumor microenvironment changes of consistently low T cells, low CD4+ T cells, and high PD‐L1 were independent predictors of poor OS in multivariate Cox hazards analyses, while factors indicating post‐NAC status (T cells, CD4+, and PD‐L1 [CPS]) alone were not. Therefore, we suggest that the consistently low T/high PD‐L1 group could benefit from additional therapies, such as ICIs, and the importance of stratification by the TME, which has recently been recognized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The incidence of colorectal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) has increased with colorectal cancer screening programs and increased colonoscopies. The management of colorectal NETs has recently shifted from radical surgery to endoscopic resection. We aimed to evaluate the short‐term outcomes of various methods of endoscopic resection for colorectal NETs. Methods: Among those registered in the C‐NET STUDY, patients with colorectal NETs who underwent endoscopic treatment as the initial therapy were included. Short‐term outcomes, such as the en bloc resection rate and R0 resection (en bloc resection with tumor‐free margin) rate, were analyzed based on treatment modalities. Results: A total of 472 patients with 477 colorectal NETs received endoscopic treatment. Of these, 418 patients with 421 lesions who met the eligibility criteria were included in the analysis. The median age of the patients was 55 years, and 56.9% of them were men. The lower rectum was the most commonly affected site (88.6%), and lesions <10 mm accounted for 87% of the cases. Endoscopic submucosal resection with a ligation device (ESMR‐L, 56.5%) was the most common method, followed by endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD, 31.4%) and endoscopic mucosal resection using a cap (EMR‐C, 8.5%). R0 resection rates <10 mm were 95.5%, 94.8%, and 94.3% for ESMR‐L, ESD, and EMR‐C, respectively. All 16 (3.8%) patients who developed treatment‐related complications could be treated conservatively. Overall, 23 (5.5%) patients had incomplete resection without independent clinicopathological risk factors. Conclusion: ESMR‐L, ESD, and EMR‐C were equally effective and safe for colorectal NETs with a diameter <10 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic redox molecules have attracted considerable attention because of their abundant availability and excellent design flexibility. For practical applications, these molecules must be anchored onto scaffolds such as polymers to prevent crystallization and elution into the electrolyte. In this study, we explore the use of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) derivatives as scaffolds for anthraquinone (AQ) and hydroquinone. We investigated the cage structure of POSS and the number of redox units incorporated. Notably, a corner‐opened POSS (CO‐POSS) variant with three AQ units exhibited reversible redox behavior under neutral, acidic, and basic conditions. Furthermore, we examined the air‐battery performance of AQ‐modified CO‐POSS as an anode‐active material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Japan has a particularly critical situation surrounding its collapsed HPV vaccination program for preventing HPV‐caused cervical cancers, a problem exacerbated by the lack of a national immunization database. We have determined the year‐to‐year HPV vaccination uptake by Japanese females and analyzed by birth fiscal year (FY) the monthly number of people receiving initial HPV vaccination. Our analysis covers the period from the start of public subsidies in 2010 to September 2023, using data provided by local governments. We calculated the cumulative number of monthly immunizations for those unimmunized as of April (the beginning of each vaccination year). The monthly number of initial HPV vaccinations was highest in August for every FY from FY 2010 to FY 2023; a second vaccination peak tended to occur in March when the vaccination year ended. The highest number of August vaccinations occurred in FY 2011, followed (in order) by 2012, 2021, 2022, 2023, and 2013. In Japan's ongoing catch‐up vaccination program for young women, the monthly number of vaccinations increased in August 2022 but then slowed the following year. After FY 2021, the cumulative vaccination coverage of subjects unvaccinated at the beginning of the vaccination year but subsequently covered by routine immunizations was slightly improved. FY 2021 was when the governmental recommendations for HPV vaccination were resumed. More recent vaccination rates are considerably lower than those in FY 2011–2012 when vaccinations were first fully endorsed. Paralyzing HPV vaccination hesitancy, which began in FY 2013, will linger in Japan in FY 2024. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate deformity patterns that cause clinical impairments and determine the acceptable range of deformity in the treatment of forearm diaphyseal fractures. A three‐dimensional (3D) deformity analysis based on computed bone models was performed on 39 patients with malunited diaphyseal both‐bone forearm fractures to investigate the 3D deformity patterns of the radius and ulna at the fracture location and the relationship between 3D deformity and clinical impairments. Clinical impairments were evaluated using forearm motion deficit. Cutoff values of forearm deformities were calculated by performing receiver operating characteristic analysis using the deformity angle and the limited forearm rotation range of motion (less than 50° of pronation or supination) resulting in activities of daily living (ADL) impairment as variables. The extension, varus, and pronation deformities most commonly occurred in the radius, whereas the extension deformity was commonly observed in the ulna. A positive correlation was observed between pronation deficit and extension deformity of the radius (R = 0.41) and between supination deficit and pronation deformity of the ulna (R = 0.44). In contrast, a negative correlation was observed between pronation deficit and pronation deformity of the radius (R = −0.44) and between pronation deficit and pronation deformity of the ulna (R = −0.51). To minimize ADL impairment, radial extension deformity should be <18.4°, radial rotation deformity <12.8°, and ulnar rotation deformity <16.6°. The deformities in the sagittal and axial planes of the radius and in the axial plane of the ulna were responsible for the limited forearm rotation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This work presents an image‐based hybrid model incorporating the initial spatial distribution for mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) cultivation process design. First, three levels of seeding bias in static MSC cultivation were experimentally investigated, and the resulting initial distribution was quantified using phase contrast microscopy image analysis. Second, the observed spatial heterogeneity was defined as a new parameter by calculating the standard deviation of the seeded cell number fraction among numerical 8 × 8 tiles on two‐dimensional plates. Third, the parameter was incorporated into kinetic models to consider spatial growth limitation. The model was then applied to simulate MSC cultivation processes with experimental data. Using dynamic and stochastic simulation outputs, feasible ranges of cell‐harvesting time could be determined to satisfy a given requirement for the minimum cell number and acceptable confluency level. The developed hybrid model could serve as a basis for quantitative decision‐making in the design of MSC cultivation processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study on patient satisfaction with dupilumab for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) in Japan. The study used the Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication-9 (TSQM-9) to assess patient satisfaction with the medication. Results showed high satisfaction scores in effectiveness, convenience, and global satisfaction domains, with younger patients and those with higher blood eosinophil rates reporting higher satisfaction. The study suggests that patient satisfaction with dupilumab for CRSwNP is high, especially among certain patient demographics, and may lead to reduced need for other medications. [Extracted from the article]

The magnetic fields of terrestrial planets are created by core convection. Molten silicate mantles could also generate magnetic fields through their convective motion, known as a silicate dynamo. Recent computational studies have suggested that silicate melts may exhibit high electrical conductivity (EC) at temperatures above 4000 K due to strong electronic conduction, which could activate a silicate dynamo. We determined the EC of dense molten MgSiO3 up to 71 GPa and 4490 K by static compression experiments. It jumped by one order of magnitude upon melting, but 57(27) S/m at 4490 K is much lower than previous predictions, suggesting that molten MgSiO3 carries charge via ions rather than predicted electronic conduction. Nevertheless, the strong temperature dependence of the ionic conductivity found in this study suggests that super‐Earths' hotter magma ocean with larger‐scale convection could power a dynamo that drives magnetic fields, which plays key roles in sustaining planetary surface environments. Plain Language Summary: The magnetic fields of the Earth and other terrestrial planets are vital in maintaining their early atmosphere and ocean. A convective silicate melt layer may produce a magnetic field, known as a silicate dynamo if its electrical conductivity (EC) is high enough. We measured the EC of silicate melt with the composition of MgSiO3 at pressures up to 71 gigapascals and temperatures up to 4490 K. Assuming that MgSiO3 melt conductivity represents that of the magma ocean, it is unlikely that the early Earth could have produced a magnetic field through magma ocean convection; however, we have found that magma ocean on super‐Earths can generate a silicate dynamo. Our finding provides experimental evidence that super‐Earths have the potential to generate silicate dynamo since the actual magma ocean having multiple impurities should show a higher conductivity than MgSiO3 melt. This implies that magnetic fields generated by the convective motion of magma oceans may be a common occurrence in the universe, playing a crucial role in preserving their surface environments. Key Points: We measured the electrical conductivity of MgSiO3 melt up to 71 GPa and 4490 KThe main charge carrier in MgSiO3 melt is ions at least up to 4490 KMagma ocean on super‐Earths may drive silicate dynamo [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diverse cutaneous adverse reactions associated with the messenger RNA‐based BNT162b2 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccine have been reported, usually developing within 3 weeks after the first vaccination. However, the long‐term cutaneous effects of this vaccine remain poorly understood. We hypothesized that the BNT162b2 vaccine might trigger late‐onset (>4 weeks after the first dose) maculopapular eruptions associated with elevated varicella‐zoster virus (VZV) complement‐fixing antibody (VZV‐CF Ab) titers indicative of recent subclinical VZV reactivation. Therefore, we conducted a hospital‐based cross‐sectional study at the Dermatology Department of Kita‐Harima Medical Center, Ono City, Japan, between July 1, 2021, and June 30, 2022, to investigate the correlations among the BNT162b2 vaccine, maculopapular eruptions, and VZV‐CF Ab titers. Fifteen eligible patients (EPs) who experienced maculopapular eruptions on the trunk and extremities no earlier than 4 weeks after the first BNT162b2 vaccine dose and 12 control patients (CPs) were enrolled. The mean age of EPs and CPs was 73.7 and 77.6 years, respectively, and the median interval between the first BNT162b2 vaccination and onset of maculopapular eruptions was 90 days. The median VZV‐CF Ab titer of EPs was significantly higher than that of CPs (×8 vs. ×4). Although people of all ages, except children aged ≤12 years, received BNT162b2 vaccinations, all EPs were aged ≥57 years. All EPs presented between July 2021 and March 2022. There were no EPs from April 2022 to December 2023. These results suggest that the BNT162b2 vaccine triggers elevated VZV‐CF Ab titer‐associated maculopapular eruptions as late‐onset cutaneous adverse reactions in older adults. Furthermore, the observation that two EPs concurrently experienced delayed large local reactions, also known as COVID arm, along with maculopapular eruptions, supported our hypothesis. Our findings may improve the diagnosis of BNT162b2 vaccine‐triggered elevated VZV‐CF Ab titer‐associated late‐onset maculopapular eruptions and facilitate further investigation of diverse BNT162b2 vaccine‐induced adverse events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient automation of stem‐cutting processes in agricultural practices is crucial but little‐studied for improving productivity and reducing labor‐intensive tasks. To address this need, we present a customized stem cutter and stem holder designed explicitly for sweet pepper harvesting. The stem cutter comprises a fixed plate and a moving plate with a blade, which moves in a single plane at an upward angle of 30° toward the fixed plate. The movement of the blade is facilitated by a soft bellows pneumatic actuator constructed using silicon rubber material. By applying air pressure from a DC air pump, the actuator extends forward, causing the blade part to make contact with the fixed plate and effectively cut the stem. The stem holder holds the stem securely before cutting. It contains two inflatable manipulators made of soft materials that expand inwards when air‐filled, ensuring that the stem is securely held and readily collected after harvest. Both simulation and experimental results are presented, in which the average cutting time was 2.356 s. We believe that these innovations represent an efficient method for automating the stem‐cutting process in sweet pepper cultivation and thus significantly contribute to the field of agricultural robotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this work was to determine racial disparities in access to minimally invasive proctectomy using a national database. Method: A retrospective review of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program evaluated for surgical approach (robotic, laparoscopic or open), demographics and comorbidity, and then compared by race. Results: A total of 3511 patients (325 Asian, 2925 White, 261 African American/Black) with cancer who underwent a proctectomy between 2016 and 2020 were included. Both Asians and Whites had significantly higher rates of laparoscopic proctectomy relative to African Americans (38.5%, 33.8% and 28.7%, respectively; p = 0.0001). Asians had the highest rate of robotic proctectomy (38.2%, p = 0.0001). Conversely, Black patients had significantly higher rates of open proctectomy followed by Whites and then Asians (42.1%, 35.4% and 23.4%, respectively; p = 0.0001). In multivariable logistic regression with backward elimination, African Americans were 0.7 times as likely to undergo laparoscopic proctectomy and 1.4 times more likely to undergo open proctectomy than Whites (p = 0.043). Compared with Whites, Asians were 1.8, 1.7 and 1.9 times more likely to undergo minimally invasive, laparoscopic proctectomy and robotic proctectomy, respectively (p = 0.0001, p = 0.001, p = 0.0001). Conclusion: Asians had the highest rate of laparoscopic and robotic proctectomy, while Blacks had the highest rate of open proctectomy. African Americans were least likely to undergo laparoscopic proctectomy compared with all races. Race is an independent risk factor for access to minimally invasive proctectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Narrow‐band imaging (NBI) contributes to real‐time optical diagnosis and classification of colorectal lesions. The Japan NBI Expert Team (JNET) was introduced in 2011. The aim of this study was to explore the diagnostic accuracy of JNET when applied by European and Japanese endoscopists not familiar with this classification. Methods: This study was conducted by 36 European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) and 49 Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society (JGES) non‐JNET endoscopists using still images of 150 lesions. For each lesion, nonmagnified white‐light, nonmagnified NBI, and magnified NBI images were presented. In the magnified NBI, the evaluation area was designated by region of interest (ROI). The endoscopists scored histological prediction for each lesion. Results: In ESGE members, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were respectively 73.3%, 94.7%, and 93.0% for JNET Type 1; 53.0%, 64.9%, and 62.1% for Type 2A; 43.9%, 67.7%, and 55.1% for Type 2B; and 38.1%, 93.7%, and 85.1% for Type 3. When Type 2B and 3 were considered as one category of cancer, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for differentiating high‐grade dysplasia and cancer from the others were 59.9%, 72.5%, and 63.8%, respectively. These trends were the same for JGES endoscopists. Conclusion: The diagnostic accuracy of the JNET classification was similar between ESGE and JGES and considered to be sufficient for JNET Type 1. On the other hand, the accuracy for Types 2 and 3 is not sufficient; however, JNET 2B lesions should be resected en bloc due to the risk of cancers and JNET 3 can be treated by surgery due to its high specificity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porous organic salts (POSs) are organic porous materials assembled via charge‐assisted hydrogen bonds between strong acids and bases such as sulfonic acids and amines. To diversify the network topology of POSs and extend its functions, this study focused on using 4,4′,4′′,4′′′‐(9,9′‐spirobi[fluorene]‐2,2′,7,7′‐tetrayl)tetrabenzenesulfonic acid (spiroBPS), which is a tetrasulfonic acid comprising a square planar skeleton. The POS consisting of spiroBPS and triphenylmethylamine (TPMA) (spiroBPS/TPMA) was constructed from the two‐fold interpenetration of an orthogonal network with pts topology, which has not been reported in conventional POSs, owing to the shape of the spirobifluorene backbone. Furthermore, combining tris(4‐chlorophenyl)methylamine (TPMA‐Cl) and tris(4‐bromophenyl)methylamine (TPMA‐Br), which are bulkier than TPMA owing to the introduction of halogens at the p‐position of the phenyl groups with spiroBPS allows us to construct novel POSs (spiroBPS/TPMA‐Cl and spiroBPS/TPMA‐Br). These POSs were constructed from a chiral helical network with pth topology, which was induced by the steric hindrance between the halogens and the curved fluorene skeleton. Moreover, spiroBPS/TPMA‐Cl with pth topology exhibited circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) in the solid state, which has not been reported in hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is one of the major sources of triggers and drivers of atrial fibrillation (AF). There has been no established PLSVC ablation procedure to eliminate the arrhythmogenicity along the entire length of PLSVC. Methods and Results: A 70‐year‐old woman with a history of two previous catheter ablations for AF, mitral valvuloplasty, and an unroofed coronary sinus‐type atrial septal defect closure underwent the redo AF ablations. The AF trigger and driver were identified within the patient's enlarged PLSVC. The AF was treated by complete PLSVC free wall isolation. Conclusion: Complete PLSVC free wall isolation may be an effective ablation method to eliminate the arrhythmogenicity along the entire length of the PLSVC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are present at a wide range of private sector facilities and United States (US) government installations, including those operated by the Department of Defense, the Department of Energy, the National Aeronauts and Space Administration, and other entities, as well as additional sites worldwide. Impacts have been identified in a range of environmental media including drinking water, groundwater, surface water, leachate, wastewater, soil, sediment, and soil gas. Treatment technologies to remove or destroy PFASs cost effectively have proven to be elusive to the industry. However, recent developments are bringing that goal close to reality for some media. This article has been prepared to address only liquid treatment technologies. Soil treatment technologies are presently a lower priority and may be addressed in future articles. The challenge of identifying and evaluating available and emerging liquid treatment technologies was put to the PFAS Experts Symposium in Houston, Texas, on June 7–8, 2023, which was attended by PFAS professionals and subject matter experts with a broad range of backgrounds. The discussions covered a variety of technical approaches and led to the preparation of this manuscript. This article strives to concisely summarize modern technical approaches that are potentially applicable to managing liquid media at PFAS‐impacted sites. Currently, ex situ sorbent technologies using granular activated carbon (GAC) and ion exchange (IX) resin are commercially available and most widely used. Other liquid technologies are summarized and current applications are presented to allow the reader to evaluate each technology for their particular use. This article is not intended to provide guidance on site‐specific design of treatment systems, but instead to serve as an update to earlier articles from this group and others addressing PFAS treatment technologies and related PFAS topics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: To date, no randomized trials have compared the efficacy of 7‐day vonoprazan, amoxicillin, and metronidazole triple therapy (VAM) versus 7‐day vonoprazan, amoxicillin, and clarithromycin triple therapy (VAC) as a first‐line treatment for Helicobacter pylori eradication. This study was performed to compare the efficacy of VAM and VAC as first‐line treatments. Methods: This prospective multicenter randomized trial was performed in Japan and involved 124 H. pylori‐positive patients without a history of eradication. Patients without antibiotic resistance testing of H. pylori were eligible. The patients were randomized to receive either VAC (vonoprazan 20 mg + amoxicillin 750 mg + clarithromycin 200 or 400 mg twice a day) or VAM (vonoprazan 20 mg + amoxicillin 750 mg + metronidazole 250 mg twice a day) for 7 days, with stratification by age and sex. Eradication success was evaluated using the 13C‐urea breath test. We evaluated safety using patient questionnaires (UMIN000025773). Results: The intention‐to‐treat and per‐protocol eradication rates of VAM were 91.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 82.0–96.7%) and 92.6% (95% CI, 83.7–97.6%), respectively, and those of VAC were 89.1% (95% CI, 77.8–95.9%) and 96.1% (95% CI, 86.5–99.5%), respectively. No significant difference was observed between VAM and VAC in either analysis (P = 0.76 and P = 0.70, respectively). Abdominal fullness was more frequent in patients who received VAM than VAC. Conclusions: These findings suggest that VAM as a first‐line treatment in Japan can be categorized as grade B (intention‐to‐treat cure rate of 90–95%) and have potential as a first‐line national insurance ‐approved regimen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message: Subdural hematoma due to skull base bone metastasis of lung cancer is rare but are oncological emergency, necessitating prompt identification when a headache develops with the progression of the malignancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]