Search

The author presents his argument against the use of aggregate scoring in script concordance tests (SCTs) within medical education. He explains why aggregate scoring is illogical, represents low probability, and can be misguided by the response styles of those taking the examination. Particular attention is given to the opposing argument by scholar KC See.

The authors discuss issues associated with the Script Concordance Test (SCT), which uses theory from cognitive psychology to assess medical students in clinical situations. They address the test's reliability based on variability of testing results, assessing the best judgments of clinicians, and problems with adhering to classical test theory.

In this article the author discusses the role of ambiguity in medical expert reasoning. He describes three theoretical concerns about the role of ambiguity in clinical reasoning. He cites a study by S. Lubarsky on the validity of script concordance test (SCT). He suggests that the ambiguity in expert reasoning is related to the infinite variability among clinical presentations with similar underlying etiologies.

We report a new water‐ice cloud feature observed during the Mars year 34 global dust storm: twilight cloud bands that routinely formed just past the evening terminator. We use images taken by the MAVEN/IUVS instrument. These bands were often latitudinally continuous, spanning over 6,000 km and were present between 18:00 and 19:00 local time. They were present for nearly the entire time IUVS imaged the evening terminator and often reached altitudes of at least 40 to 50 km during the mature phase of the storm. We compare these observations to LMD global climate model simulations. The simulations generally contain the temporal and spatial extents of the bands seen in IUVS data throughout the storm, but there are some discrepancies. We infer that these clouds formed as a result of semidiurnal thermal tides. Plain Language Summary: Water‐ice clouds and dust are among the most common particles in the Martian atmosphere, but the effect of global dust storms on cloud formation is largely unknown. We observed cloud bands that repeatedly formed near dusk during the Mars year 34 global dust storm. We saw these bands throughout the storm at locations all across the planet. We investigate this feature by using a global climate model, which predicted the formation of these cloud bands as a result of rapidly changing temperatures. The simulations of the bands contain several features seen in our observations, but not all. Key Points: We observed a new cloud formation phenomenon just after sunset during the Mars year 34 global dust storm in MAVEN/IUVS imagesGlobal climate model simulations are able to reproduce several but not all aspects of our observationsThese twilight clouds formed due to semidiurnal thermal tides [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BSTRACT: The antimicrobial activities of Ginkgo biloba leaf extract (GBE) and the combined effects of GBE and sodium EDTA (sodium Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) against Listeria monocytogenes were determined at 4 °C, 25 °C, and 37 °C. Listeria monocytogenes grown at 37 °C for 24 h was inoculated (6 to 7 log CFU/mL) into BHI broth containing either GBE or GBE and EDTA (1.6 mg/mL) with various GBE concentrations of 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, 15.0, or 20.0% vol/vol and stored at 4 °C, 25 °C, and 37 °C. The inhibitory effect of the GBE was more pronounced at low temperature of 4 °C. GBE was effective in inhibiting microbial growth. Addition of EDTA enhanced antimicrobial activity of GBE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message The presence of history of redness and swelling of toe in an infant without history of trauma is typical of hair threat tourniquet syndrome. The treatment simply involves incision and removal of hair fibers. Physicians should be aware of this syndrome because early diagnosis and treatment avoid serious complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a six-month-old girl with hair tourniquet syndrome due to telogen effluvium who was admitted to the hospital because of loss of appetite and redness of the left third toe. She was diagnosed with severe oedema and erythema of the toe. She underwent a decompression surgery and was suggested daily bathing.

Comment on article by in this special issue on halogen bonding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Phytotherapy Research is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)