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A novel M‐algorithm‐based detection method called M‐algorithm to maximum likelihood (M–ML) is proposed for spatial modulation. The proposed algorithm has fixed complexity and reduces complexity by using a parallel structure to limit the search space of an optimum decoder. The simulation results show that by carefully choosing proper values of M, the new algorithm can reduce the computational complexity significantly while maintaining a near‐optimum bit error rate performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic solar cells (OSCs) based on nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) have made significant breakthrough in their device performance, now achieving a power conversion efficiency of ≈18% for single junction devices, driven by the rapid development in their molecular design and device engineering in recent years. However, achieving long‐term stability remains a major challenge to overcome for their commercialization, due in large part to the current lack of understanding of their degradation mechanisms as well as the design rules for enhancing their stability. In this review, the recent progress in understanding the degradation mechanisms and enhancing the stability of high performance NFA‐based OSCs is a specific focus. First, an overview of the recent advances in the molecular design and device engineering of several classes of high performance NFA‐based OSCs for various targeted applications is provided, before presenting a critical review of the different degradation mechanisms identified through photochemical‐, photo‐, and morphological degradation pathways. Potential strategies to address these degradation mechanisms for further stability enhancement, from molecular design, interfacial engineering, and morphology control perspectives, are also discussed. Finally, an outlook is given highlighting the remaining key challenges toward achieving the long‐term stability of NFA‐OSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All‐inorganic CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, or I) perovskite thin films are attractive emissive layers for high‐performance light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) due to their precisely tunable bandgaps, excellent color purities, good stabilities, and solution processabilities. However, the fabrication of high‐quality CsPbI3−xBrx thin films is very challenging because the crystal growth of mixed halide CsPbI3−xBrx is in low controllability. Herein, a synergetic regulation strategy using fluorine polymer (Poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene)) and a small amino acid molecule (L‐Arginine) is developed to fabricate high‐quality CsPbI3−xBrx thin films for efficient pure red perovskite LEDs. In the fabricated CsPbI3−xBrx thin film, the fluorine polymer plays a crucial role in confining CsPbI3−xBrx crystal size at the nanoscale and the small amino acid molecule acts as a passivation agent to reduce the trap‐state density. Under this synergetic effect, a uniform CsPbI3−xBrx thin film with a high photoluminescence quantum yield up to 40% can be obtained to fabricate an efficient pure red perovskite LED with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 4.5% and a maximum brightness of 3100 cd m−2. The reported synergistic regulation strategy will open a new avenue to fabricate efficient pure color CsPbX3 perovskite LEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human Fibroblast Growth Factor 19 (FGF19) and mouse ortholog Fgf15 play similar roles in liver regeneration and metabolism via the activation of Fgfr4/b‐klotho (Klb). Monomeric FGF19 and dimeric Fgf15 are both necessary for liver regeneration and proper bile acid (BA) metabolism. FGF19 elicits stronger effects than Fgf15 on glucose and fatty acid metabolism and only FGF19 induces hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, inhibiting FGF19/FGFR4 signaling in HCC patients is associated with toxicity due to elevated BA levels. Here, we examine the structure/function relationship in Fgf15/FGF19 to better understand the molecular basis for their distinct functions. We demonstrate that FGF19 is a more effective activator of Fgfr4 and of downstream signaling (Erk, Plcg1) than Fgf15. Furthermore, we use site‐directed mutagenesis to show that the presence or absence of an unpaired cysteine in Fgf15/19 modulates ligand structure and determines the ability of these molecules to induce hepatocyte proliferation, with monomers being more potent activators. Consistent with these findings, an engineered dimeric variant of FGF19 is less effective than wild‐type FGF19 at inducing liver growth in cooperation with the Wnt‐enhancer RSPO3. In contrast to effects on proliferation, monomeric and dimeric ligands equally inhibited the expression of Cyp7a1, the enzyme catalyzing the rate limiting step in BA production. Thus, structure and function of Fgf15/FGF19 are intricately linked, explaining why FGF19, but not Fgf15, induces liver tumorigenesis. Our data provide insight into FGF19/FGFR4 signaling and may inform strategies to target this pathway while limiting on‐target toxicity due to dysregulation of BA production or induction of hepatocyte proliferation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traumatic osteonecrosis of femoral head (TONFH) is a common orthopedic disease caused by physical injury in hip. However, the unclear pathogenesis mechanism of TONFH and lacking of simple noninvasive early diagnosis method cause the necessity of hip replacement for most patients with TONFH. In this study, we aimed to identify circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) by integrated bioinformatics analyses as potential biomarker of TONFH. mRNA expression profiles were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Then we combined two miRNA screen methods: Weighted gene co‐expression network analysis and fold change based differentially expressed miRNAs analysis. As a result, we identified 14 key miRNAs as potential biomarkers for TONFH. Besides, 302 target genes of these miRNAs were obtained and the miRNA–mRNA interaction network was constructed. Furthermore, the results of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome pathway analysis, Gene Ontology function analysis, protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis and PPI network module analysis showed close correlation between these 14 key miRNAs and TONFH. Then we established receiver operating characteristic curves and identified 6‐miRNA signature with highly diagnosis value including miR‐93‐5p (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.93), miR‐1324 (AUC = 0.92), miR‐4666a‐3p (AUC = 0.92), miR‐5011‐3p (AUC = 0.92), and miR‐320a (AUC = 0.89), miR‐185‐5p (AUC = 0.89). Finally, the results of quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction confirmed the significantly higher expression of miR‐93‐5p and miR‐320a in the serum of patients with ONFH. These circulating miRNAs could serve as candidate early diagnosis markers and potential treatment targets of TONFH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Device simplification is of practical significance for organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), and remains the great challenge for deep‐red emitters. Herein, a deep‐red thermally activated delayed fluorescence molecule (pTPA‐DPPZ) is reported which features a T shaped structure containing two triphenylamine (TPA) donors, one either side of a planar dipyridophenazine (DPPZ) acceptor. The rational spatial arrangement of the functional groups leads to limited but sufficient molecular packing for effective carrier transport. The neat pTPA‐DPPZ film achieves an around 90‐fold improved radiation rate constant of 107 s−1 and the nearly unitary reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) efficiency, as well as accelerated emission decays for quenching suppression. The high radiation and RISC result in a photoluminescence quantum yield of 87 %. The bilayer OLED based on the pTPA‐DPPZ emissive layer achieved the record external quantum efficiencies of 12.3 % for maximum and 10.4 % at 1000 nits, accompanied by the deep‐red electroluminescence with the excellent color purity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metallic catalysts with nanopores are advantageous on improving both activity and selectivity, while the reason behind that remains unclear all along. In this work, porous Zn nanoparticles (P‐Zn) were adopted as a model catalyst to investigate the catalytic behavior of metallic nanopores. In situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) analyses reveal that the concave surface of nanopores works like a pincer to capture and clamp CO2 and H2O precursors simultaneously, thus lowering the energy barriers of CO2 electroreduction. Resultantly, the pincer mechanism endows P‐Zn with a high Faradic efficiency (98.1 %) towards CO production at the potential of −0.95 V vs. RHE. Moreover, DFT calculation demonstrates that Co and Cu nanopores exhibit the pincer behavior as well, suggesting that this mechanism is universal for metallic nanopores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Device simplification is of practical significance for organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), and remains the great challenge for deep‐red emitters. Herein, a deep‐red thermally activated delayed fluorescence molecule (pTPA‐DPPZ) is reported which features a T shaped structure containing two triphenylamine (TPA) donors, one either side of a planar dipyridophenazine (DPPZ) acceptor. The rational spatial arrangement of the functional groups leads to limited but sufficient molecular packing for effective carrier transport. The neat pTPA‐DPPZ film achieves an around 90‐fold improved radiation rate constant of 107 s−1 and the nearly unitary reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) efficiency, as well as accelerated emission decays for quenching suppression. The high radiation and RISC result in a photoluminescence quantum yield of 87 %. The bilayer OLED based on the pTPA‐DPPZ emissive layer achieved the record external quantum efficiencies of 12.3 % for maximum and 10.4 % at 1000 nits, accompanied by the deep‐red electroluminescence with the excellent color purity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metallic catalysts with nanopores are advantageous on improving both activity and selectivity, while the reason behind that remains unclear all along. In this work, porous Zn nanoparticles (P‐Zn) were adopted as a model catalyst to investigate the catalytic behavior of metallic nanopores. In situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) analyses reveal that the concave surface of nanopores works like a pincer to capture and clamp CO2 and H2O precursors simultaneously, thus lowering the energy barriers of CO2 electroreduction. Resultantly, the pincer mechanism endows P‐Zn with a high Faradic efficiency (98.1 %) towards CO production at the potential of −0.95 V vs. RHE. Moreover, DFT calculation demonstrates that Co and Cu nanopores exhibit the pincer behavior as well, suggesting that this mechanism is universal for metallic nanopores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colloidal metal chalcogenide quantum dots (QDs) have excellent quantum efficiency in light–matter interactions and good device stability. However, QDs have been brought to the forefront as viable building blocks in bottom‐up assembling semiconductor devices, the development of QD solar cell (QDSC) is still confronting considerable challenges compared to other QD technologies due to their low performance under natural sunlight, as a consequence of untapped potential from their quantized density‐of‐state and inorganic natures. This report is designed to address this long‐standing challenge by accessing the feasibility of using QDSC for indoor and concentration PV (CPV) applications. This work finds that above bandgap photon energy irradiation of QD solids can generate high densities of excitons via multi‐photon absorption (MPA), and these excitons are not limited to diffuse by Auger recombination up to 1.5 × 1019 cm−3 densities. Based on these findings, a 19.5% (2000 lux indoor light) and an 11.6% efficiency (1.5 Suns) have been facilely realized from ordinary QDSCs (9.55% under 1 Sun). To further illustrate the potential of the MPA in QDSCs, 21.29% efficiency polymer lens CPVs (4.08 Suns) and viable sensor networks powered by indoor QDSCs matrix have been demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pythium and Phytopythium spp. cause seed decay, damping off, and root rot in soybean, wheat, and many other crops. However, their diversity and importance as pathogens, particularly in different crop rotation systems, are largely unknown. A survey was conducted in the Huang‐Huai region, one of the main areas of soybean–wheat rotation farming in China. In 2016–2018, we collected 300 soybean seedlings and 150 field soil samples from several representative locations, and identified 26 Pythium and 6 Phytopythium spp. from 212 isolates, based on internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 sequences. The pathogenicity of these isolates was evaluated by growing soybean and wheat seeds in dishes and pots containing oomycete cultures. We found that 12 Pythium spp. (but no Phytopythium spp.) showed high pathogenicity on soybean and/or wheat, and nine of them (75%) were highly pathogenic on both crops. Among the nine species, Pythium spinosum, Pythium ultimum, Pythium species 1 (tentatively designated as 'Candidatus Pythium huanghuaiense'), Pythium aphanidermatum, and Pythium myriotylum were highly abundant among all isolates (15%, 10%, 9%, 8%, and 5%, respectively). Nine species were selected for testing of sensitivity to the fungicides metalaxyl and mefenoxam. The EC50 values were all less than 10 μg/ml, indicating little resistance. Minimum inhibitory concentration values indicated isolates were about twice as sensitive to mefenoxam as to metalaxyl. These results provide a systematic understanding of Pythium and Phytopythium species associated with soybean in the Huang‐Huai region, which is important for disease management and breeding programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to assess the association of blood pressure (BP) measurements with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and examine whether central systolic BP (CSBP) predicts CVD better than brachial BP measurements (SBP and pulse pressure [PP]). Based on a cross-sectional study conducted in 2009-2010 with follow-up in 2016-2017 among 35- to 64-year-old subjects in China, we evaluated the performance of non-invasively predicted CSBP over brachial BP measurements on the first CVD events. Each BP measurement, individually and jointly with another BP measurement, was entered into the multivariate Cox proportional-hazards models, to examine the predictability of central and brachial BP measurements. Mean age of participants (n = 8710) was 50.1 years at baseline. After a median follow-up of 6.36 years, 187 CVD events occurred. CSBP was a stronger predictor for CVD than brachial BP measurements (CSBP, 1-standard deviation increment HR = 1.49, 95%CI: 1.31-1.70). With CSBP and SBP entering into models jointly, the HR for CSBP and SBP was 1.28 (1.04-1.58) and 1.22 (0.98-1.50), respectively. With CSBP and PP entering into models jointly, the HR for CSBP and PP was 1.51 (1.28-1.78) and 0.98 (0.83-1.15), respectively. For subgroup analysis, the association of CSBP with CVD was stronger than brachial BP measurements in women, those with hypertension and obesity. In the middle-aged Chinese population, noninvasively estimated CSBP may offer advantages over brachial BP measurements to predict CVD events, especially for participants with higher risk. These findings suggest prospective assessment of CSBP as a prevention and treatment target in further trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: China is the origin and evolutionary centre of Oriental pears. Pyrus betuleafolia is a wild species native to China and distributed in the northern region, and it is widely used as rootstock. Here, we report the de novo assembly of the genome of P. betuleafolia‐Shanxi Duli using an integrated strategy that combines PacBio sequencing, BioNano mapping and chromosome conformation capture (Hi‐C) sequencing. The genome assembly size was 532.7 Mb, with a contig N50 of 1.57 Mb. A total of 59 552 protein‐coding genes and 247.4 Mb of repetitive sequences were annotated for this genome. The expansion genes in P. betuleafolia were significantly enriched in secondary metabolism, which may account for the organism's considerable environmental adaptability. An alignment analysis of orthologous genes showed that fruit size, sugar metabolism and transport, and photosynthetic efficiency were positively selected in Oriental pear during domestication. A total of 573 nucleotide‐binding site (NBS)‐type resistance gene analogues (RGAs) were identified in the P. betuleafolia genome, 150 of which are TIR‐NBS‐LRR (TNL)‐type genes, which represented the greatest number of TNL‐type genes among the published Rosaceae genomes and explained the strong disease resistance of this wild species. The study of flavour metabolism‐related genes showed that the anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) metabolic pathway affected the astringency of pear fruit and that sorbitol transporter (SOT) transmembrane transport may be the main factor affecting the accumulation of soluble organic matter. This high‐quality P. betuleafolia genome provides a valuable resource for the utilization of wild pear in fundamental pear studies and breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have unusual physical properties that are valuable for nanotechnology and electronics, but the chemical synthesis of chirality‐ and diameter‐specific CNTs and π‐conjugated CNT segments is still a great challenge. Reported here are the selective syntheses, isolations, characterizations, and photophysical properties of two novel chiral conjugated macrocycles ([4]cyclo‐2,6‐anthracene; [4]CAn2,6), as (−)/(+)‐(12,4) carbon nanotube segments. These conjugated macrocyclic molecules were obtained using a bottom‐up assembly approach and subsequent reductive elimination reaction. The hoop‐shaped molecules can be directly viewed by a STM technique. In addition, chiral enantiomers with (−)/(+) helicity of the [4]CAn2,6 were successfully isolated by HPLC. The new tubular CNT segments exhibit large absorption and photoluminescence redshifts compared to the monomer unit. The carbon enantiomers are also observed to show strong circularly polarized luminescence (glum≈0.1). The results reported here expand the scope of materials design for bottom‐up synthesis of chiral macrocycles and enrich existing knowledge of their optoelectronic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have unusual physical properties that are valuable for nanotechnology and electronics, but the chemical synthesis of chirality‐ and diameter‐specific CNTs and π‐conjugated CNT segments is still a great challenge. Reported here are the selective syntheses, isolations, characterizations, and photophysical properties of two novel chiral conjugated macrocycles ([4]cyclo‐2,6‐anthracene; [4]CAn2,6), as (−)/(+)‐(12,4) carbon nanotube segments. These conjugated macrocyclic molecules were obtained using a bottom‐up assembly approach and subsequent reductive elimination reaction. The hoop‐shaped molecules can be directly viewed by a STM technique. In addition, chiral enantiomers with (−)/(+) helicity of the [4]CAn2,6 were successfully isolated by HPLC. The new tubular CNT segments exhibit large absorption and photoluminescence redshifts compared to the monomer unit. The carbon enantiomers are also observed to show strong circularly polarized luminescence (glum≈0.1). The results reported here expand the scope of materials design for bottom‐up synthesis of chiral macrocycles and enrich existing knowledge of their optoelectronic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Raman mapping spectra of Microcystis flosaquae (M. flosaquae) subjected to environmental perturbations were used to study the correlations among the characteristics of M. flosaquae by two‐dimensional (2‐D) Raman correlation spectroscopy. Overlapping Raman characteristics of the carotenoids in M. flosaquae and their differences in algal growths were shown in the 2‐D synchronous and asynchronous correlation spectra. The asynchronous correlation Raman spectra demonstrated the accumulation of carotenoids in M. flosaquae under normal culture condition and environmental perturbations. High light flux obviously led to the accumulation of β‐carotene in M. flosaquae in comparison with normal culture condition. The results showed that 2‐D Raman correlation spectroscopy can be used to analyze the correlation of complex changes of the Raman characteristics of M. flosaquae induced by different environmental conditions to assess the accumulation of the carotenoids in algae and to predict the algal growth phases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 403‐ppi (pixel per inch) real RGB active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode (AMOLED) was fabricated without using fine metal mask (FMM). Organic light‐emitting materials were printed on array panel, with a novel process that has the advantages of low cost and high pixel density. The uniformity of the organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) was improved with carefully tuning printing parameters, and good panel performance was achieved. The key to such a process was the design of the hexagonal patterning of the pixels. The image quality of the panel with this hexagonal pixel arrangement was evaluated with a bmp format Pixel Layout Simulation picture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly efficient and stable catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction, especially in alkaline conditions are crucial for the practical demands of electrochemical water splitting. Here, the synthesis of a novel RuAu single‐atom alloy (SAA) by laser ablation in liquid is reported. The SAA exhibits a high stability and a low overpotential, 24 mV@10 mA cm−2, which is much lower than that of a Pt/C catalyst (46 mV) in alkaline media. Moreover, the turnover frequency of RuAu SAA is three times that of Pt/C catalyst. Density functional theory computation indicates the excellent catalytic activity of RuAu SAAs originates from the relay catalysis of Ru and Au active sites. This work opens a new avenue toward high‐performance SAAs via fast quenching of immiscible metals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Aim: To study the effects of exercise on lysosomal functions. Methods: Mouse exercise model was established and wheel running was scheduled as 18 rpm (14:00‐17:00), 5 d/wk, for 8 weeks. Mice were injected EX527 to inhibit SIRT1 activity. The protein level was assayed with Western blot and immunofluorescence histochemistry. The transmission electron microscopic examination was used to show the structure of lysosome and mitochondria. Results: Exercise promoted the nuclear translocation of TFEB in the cortex which upregulated the transcription of genes associated with autophagy and lysosome. Exercise directly activated autophagy/lysosome system via up‐regulating of AMPK‐SIRT1 signaling. The SIRT1 inhibitor EX527 decreased TFEB regulated gene transcription but had little effect on the nuclear translocation of TFEB. In addition, long‐term exercise showed more significant effects on activation of lysosomes biogenesis compared with the short‐term exercise and trehalose, a classical autophagy activator in the mTOR‐independent pathway. Conclusion: Running exercise activates lysosomal function in the brain through AMPK‐SIRT1‐TFEB pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible sensors with excellent sensitivity and stable performance are attracting more and more attention in emerging electronics. Herein, silver microflakes (AgMFs) as conductive filler in polyaniline (PANI)/polyurethane (PU) matrix are used to prepare the AgMFs/PANI/PU strain sensor by simple mixing and curing process. The AgMFs/PANI/PU strain sensor has high sensitivity (GF=173.66), ultra‐short response time (10 ms), and reassuring cycle stability (>4000 times). Excellent sensor performance demonstrates its unlimited potential for health monitoring, such as joint motion, breathing and pulse beat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mn‐Fe/ZSM‐5 was prepared via co‐precipitation (CP) and precipitation–chemical vapor deposition (P‐CVD) methods. Catalytic performance investigation showed that Mn‐Fe/ZSM‐5 by P‐CVD method had higher catalytic activity and SO2 resistance than the ones by CP method for NH3‐SCR at low temperature. Characterization results proved that the amount of ammonium sulfate deposited on the surface of Mn‐Fe/ZSM‐5(P‐CVD) was less than that of Mn‐Fe/ZSM‐5(CP) catalyst. Further investigations revealed that the deposition and decomposition of ammonium sulfate proceeded in a dynamic balance on Mn‐Fe/ZSM‐5(P‐CVD) catalyst, which was crucial for the excellent catalytic performances in the presence of SO2 and H2O. Mn‐Fe/ZSM‐5 catalysts were synthesized via co‐precipitation (CP) and precipitation‐chemical vapor deposition (P‐CVD) methods. Excellent SO2 resistence and DeNOx activity over Mn‐Fe/ZSM‐5(P‐CVD) catalyst for NH3‐SCR reaction was confirmed and its intrinsic reason was further revealed. A possible dynamic balance existing between the deposition and decomposition of ammonium sulfate on Mn‐Fe/ZSM‐5(P‐CVD) catalyst was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On‐location electrochemical generation of H2O2 is of great current interest. Herein, selective two‐electron reduction of O2 to H2O2 by a single [NiII(H2O)6]2+ cation that is dynamically associated with a negatively charged metal–organic layer (MOL) by hydrogen bonding and coulombic interactions is reported. In contrast, NiII centers covalently immobilized on the MOL reduce O2 to H2O in a four‐ electron process. Oxygen adsorption by [NiII(H2O)6]2+ followed by two‐electron reduction generates neutral [NiII(H2O)4(OH)(OOH)]0, which momentarily disconnects from the negatively charged MOL to avoid the injection of additional electrons. Release of H2O2 from [NiII(H2O)4(OH)(OOH)]0 regenerates [NiII(H2O)6]2+, which regains affinity to the MOL. Such dynamically associated NiII single‐metal electrocatalysts ensure high selectivity and represent a new strategy for generating selective catalysts for electrochemical production of important chemicals. Dynamic duo: An Ni aqua complex weakly associated with a metal–organic layer (MOL)‐modified electrode is an efficient catalyst for O2 reduction to H2O2 (see scheme). Momentary stabilization of the mobile Ni complex by dynamic secondary interactions with the MOL avoids formation of nanoparticles, and NiII species can undergo efficient electron transfer and detach from the electrode to avoid over‐reduction of H2O2. In contrast, Ni centers immobilized by Hf‐O‐Ni linkage to the MOL selectively give H2O as the product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Biomimetic materials that replicate biological functions have great promise for use as therapeutics in regenerative medicine applications. Heparan sulfate (HS) is the natural binding partner for growth factors enabling longer half‐lives and potentiation of their signaling. In this study a water soluble chitosan‐arginine is modified with sulfate moieties in order to mimic the structure of HS. Sulfated chitosan‐arginine with a degree of sulfation of 58% binds fibroblast growth factor 2 with higher affinity than HS. The sulfated chitosan‐arginine also promotes epithelial cell migration and supports the formation of an expanded epidermis in an organotypic skin model. Furthermore, sulfated chitosan‐arginine promotes the expression of the HS proteoglycan, perlecan, by both epithelial and fibroblast cells. Perlecan itself modulates the activity of mitogens and is essential for the formation of the epidermis. The synthesized sulfated Ch‐Arg derivatives mimic HS, support formation of the epidermis, and thus have the potential to assist in wound healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The exploration of intriguing topological quantum physics in stanene has attracted enormous interest but is challenged by lacking desirable material samples. The successful fabrication of monolayer stanene on PbTe(111) films with low‐temperature molecular beam epitaxy and thorough characterizations of its atomic and electronic structures are reported here. In situ angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy together with first‐principles calculations identify two hole bands of p xy orbital with a spin‐orbit coupling induced band splitting and meanwhile reveal an automatic passivation of p z orbital of stanene. Importantly, material properties are tuned by substrate engineering, realizing a decorated stanene sample with truly insulating bulk on Sr‐doped PbTe. This finding paves a road for studies of stanene‐based topological quantum effects and electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Nanoengineered materials can embody distinct atomic structures which deviate from that of the bulk‐grain counterpart and induce significantly modified electronic structures and physical/chemical properties. The phonon structure and thermal properties, which can also be potentially modulated by the modified atomic structure in nanostructured materials, however, are seldom investigated. Employed here is a mild approach to fabricate nanostructured PbBi2nTe1+3n using a solution‐synthesized PbTe‐Bi2Te3 nano‐heterostructure as a precursor. The as‐obtained monoliths have unprecedented atomic structure, differing from that of the bulk counterpart, especially the zipper‐like van der Waals gap discontinuity and the random arrangement of septuple‐quintuple layers. These structural motifs break the lattice periodicity and coherence of phonon transport, leading to ultralow thermal conductivity and excellent thermoelectric z T. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: An explicit prognostic cloud‐cover scheme (PROGCS) is implemented into the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System (GRAPES) for global middle‐range numerical weather predication system (GRAPES_GFS) to improve the model performance in simulating cloud cover and radiation. Unlike the previous diagnostic cloud‐cover scheme (DIAGCS), PROGCS considers the formation and dissipation of cloud cover by physically connecting it to the cumulus convection and large‐scale stratiform condensation processes. Our simulation results show that clouds in mid‐high latitudes arise mainly from large‐scale stratiform condensation processes, while cumulus convection and large‐scale condensation processes jointly determine cloud cover in low latitudes. Compared with DIAGCS, PROGCS captures more consistent vertical distributions of cloud cover with the observations from Atmospheric Radiation Measurements (ARM) program at the Southern Great Plains (SGP) site and simulates more realistic diurnal cycle of marine stratocumulus with the ERA‐Interim reanalysis data. The low, high, and total cloud covers that are determined via PROGCS appear to be more realistic than those simulated via DIAGCS when both are compared with satellite retrievals though the former maintains slight negative biases. In addition, the simulations of outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) from PROGCS runs have been considerably improved as well, resulting in less biases in radiative heating rates at heights below 850 hPa and above 400 hPa of GRAPES_GFS. Our results indicate that a prognostic method of cloud‐cover calculation has significant advantage over the conventional diagnostic one, and it should be adopted in both weather and climate simulation and forecast. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Reconstructing canonical binary compounds by inserting a third agent can significantly modify their electronic and phonon structures. Therefore, it has inspired the semiconductor communities in various fields. Introducing this paradigm will potentially revolutionize thermoelectrics as well. Using a solution synthesis, Bi2S3 was rebuilt by adding disordered Bi and weakly bonded I. These new structural motifs and the altered crystal symmetry induce prominent changes in electrical and thermal transport, resulting in a great enhancement of the figure of merit. The as‐obtained nanostructured Bi13S18I2 is the first non‐toxic, cost‐efficient, and solution‐processable n‐type material with z T=1.0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Reconstructing canonical binary compounds by inserting a third agent can significantly modify their electronic and phonon structures. Therefore, it has inspired the semiconductor communities in various fields. Introducing this paradigm will potentially revolutionize thermoelectrics as well. Using a solution synthesis, Bi2S3 was rebuilt by adding disordered Bi and weakly bonded I. These new structural motifs and the altered crystal symmetry induce prominent changes in electrical and thermal transport, resulting in a great enhancement of the figure of merit. The as‐obtained nanostructured Bi13S18I2 is the first non‐toxic, cost‐efficient, and solution‐processable n‐type material with z T=1.0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the ultra high voltage (UHV)‐DC and UHV‐AC transmission lines, their contamination characteristics are different. Thus, researching the contamination polluted degree of UHV‐AC and UHV‐DC lines by geoaccumulation index and enrichment factor method is an ingenious method. This study analyses and compares the chemical composition of contamination on parallel energised UHV‐DC (800 kV) and UHV‐AC (1000 kV) overhead transmission lines. The results indicate that the major cations of insulator contamination are Ca2+, and NH4+, and the major anions of insulator contamination are SO42− and NO3− both on UHV‐DC and UHV‐AC lines. For the UHV‐DC line, the concentrations of the same cations on the insulator bottom surface are higher than that of on the top surface. However, on the UHV‐AC line, the same cation concentrations on the bottom surface close to the one on the top surface. The metallic elements of Ca2+ and Zn2+ are in seriously polluted degree. Also, the polluted degree of contamination on UHV‐DC insulator is more serious than UHV‐AC insulator. This study considers that field charging plays an important role in accumulating contamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background The aim of the present study was to define cut-off points of body mass index ( BMI) and waist circumference ( WC) for gestational diabetes mellitus ( GDM) and to investigate any interactions between high BMI and high WC on the risk of GDM in pregnant Chinese women. Methods From 2010 to 2012, 17 803 women in Tianjin, China, who were at 4-12 weeks gestation were recruited to the study. Gestational diabetes mellitus was diagnosed according to the criteria of the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group at 24-28 weeks gestation. Binary logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios ( ORs) and 95% confidence intervals ( CIs) while controlling for the confounding effects of traditional risk factors. Restricted cubic spline was used to identify cut-off points of WC and BMI, if any, for GDM. Results Gestational diabetes mellitus developed in 1383 (7.8%) women. The risk of GDM increased steeply with increasing WC from ≥78.5 cm and BMI ≥22.5 kg/m2. If BMI <22.5 kg/m2 and WC <78.5 cm were used as the reference, BMI between ≥22.5 and <24.0 kg/m2 (multivariable OR 1.76; 95% CI 1.47-2.10) and WC between ≥78.5 and <85.0 cm (multivariable OR 1.53; 95% CI 1.31-1.78) were independently associated with increased risks of GDM. In addition, the presence of both BMI ≥22.5 kg/m2 and WC ≥78.5 cm further increased the OR to 2.83 (95% CI 2.44-3.28), with significant additive interaction. Conclusions Body mass index ≥22.5 kg/m2 and WC ≥78.5 cm measured up to 12 weeks of gestation were independently and synergistically associated with increased risks of GDM in Chinese pregnant women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report cryoglobulinaemia (CG) in a rhesus macaque whose serum sample was gel-like at <37°C and resolubilised upon warming. Mixed CG was diagnosed using serum protein electrophoresis and serum immunofixation electrophoresis. Renal damage and arthrophyma were observed during necropsy. This is the first report of CG in a non-human primate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose People in Hong Kong generally live in a densely populated area and their homes are smaller compared with most other cities worldwide. Interestingly, East Asian cities with high population densities seem to have higher myopia prevalence, but the association between them has not been established. This study investigated whether the crowded habitat in Hong Kong is associated with refractive error among children. Methods In total, 1075 subjects [Mean age ( S.D.): 9.95 years (0.97), 586 boys] were recruited. Information such as demographics, living environment, parental education and ocular status were collected using parental questionnaires. The ocular axial length and refractive status of all subjects were measured by qualified personnel. Results Ocular axial length was found to be significantly longer among those living in districts with a higher population density ( F2,1072 = 6.15, p = 0.002) and those living in a smaller home ( F2,1072 = 3.16, p = 0.04). Axial lengths were the same among different types of housing ( F3,1071 = 1.24, p = 0.29). Non-cycloplegic autorefraction suggested a more negative refractive error in those living in districts with a higher population density ( F2,1072 = 7.88, p < 0.001) and those living in a smaller home ( F2,1072 = 4.25, p = 0.02). After adjustment for other confounding covariates, the population density and home size also significantly predicted axial length and non-cycloplegic refractive error in the multiple linear regression model, while axial length and refractive error had no relationship with types of housing. Conclusions Axial length in children and childhood refractive error were associated with high population density and small home size. A constricted living space may be an environmental threat for myopia development in children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant bugs (Miridae species), which are sap-sucking insects, have emerged as major pests of cotton in China. Most Miridae species are not sensitive to commercial Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton, resulting in significant economic losses and an increased application of insecticide, which eventually may compromise the future of Bt cotton., We demonstrate that FATTY ACYL- COA REDUCTASE ( As FAR) plays an essential role in the reproduction of the bug Adelphocoris suturalis. Down-regulation of As FAR expression by injection of double-stranded RNA suppresses ovarian development and female fertility, resulting in females producing few viable offspring., To determine the viability of an RNA interference approach to limit FAR expression and reproductive ability in A. suturalis, a ds RNA targeting the As FAR gene ( dsAs FAR) of A. suturalis was expressed in transgenic cotton plants. As FAR transcription levels were significantly downregulated in A. suturalis feeding on the transgenic plants. In contained field trials, the transgenic cotton lines significantly suppressed the development of A. suturalis populations and were resistant to damage caused by plant bug infestation., These results suggest a new strategy for the management of plant bug pests of cotton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we reported the influence of replacing Cu for Ni on the crystal structure, martensitic transformation, and magnetic properties for polycrystalline Ni50 −xCu xMn37In13 ( x = 5 and 7) quaternary alloys. It was found that the studied alloys undergo a first-order martensitic transformation from ferromagnetic austenite to paramagnetic martensite near room temperature. With increasing Cu content, the martensitic transformation significantly shifts toward a lower temperature, and fully splits off from the Curie transition of austenite, which enhances the difference in magnetization between the two phases for the alloy with x = 7. Moreover, both inverse magnetocaloric and magnetoresistance effects during reverse martensitic transformation were also studied in these two alloys. In comparison to Ni50− xCu xMn37In13 with x = 5, an optimized refrigerant capacity (∼100 J kg−1) and a considerable magnetoresistance (47%) were obtained in Ni43Cu7Mn37In13 alloy for the magnetic field change of 30 kOe. In addition, the magnetic measurements with hydrostatic pressure demonstrate that the magnetoresistance in this system mainly arises due to the electron-lattice scattering triggered by structural transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal‐free biocompatible white‐light‐emitting diode material is enabled using graphite‐carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) silica gels that are conveniently fabricated from a one‐step solvothermal reaction. The novel g‐C3N4 silica gels can also be used as water‐resistant biocompatible fluorescent inks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transmission line galloping often causes structural and electrical failures, which is a serious threat to the security of transmission systems. Through analysing the influence factors of galloping, it reveals that weather conditions are the most significant excitation factors and conductors of any voltage level and region may gallop when the apt‐galloping weather conditions are satisfied. This study proposes an early warning method for transmission line galloping based on support vector machine (SVM) and AdaBoost bi‐level classifiers. First, a prediction model of apt‐galloping weather conditions based on an SVM classifier is built through data mining of historical weather parameters in regions where galloping frequently occurred. When the forecast weather conditions of a particular region satisfy the apt‐galloping weather conditions, the conductor type, cross‐section and span of transmission line are further considered to realise early warning of galloping through an AdaBoost classifier. Finally, the historical galloping events of a power grid are adopted to verify the validity of the proposed methods. The test results indicate that both the accurate classification rate and accurate warning rate are above 90%, whereas the missed warning rate is below 10%. The models are suitable for early warning of transmission line galloping and can provide important decision support for operation staff of power grid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two novel monobenzo porphyrazines bearing nitro and methoxyl respectively on fused benzene ring were successfully synthesized. Also, an asymmetrical porphyrazine with one butylthio branch at the pyrrolic β-position substituted by hydrogen atom was successfully isolated in the course of synthesis of symmetric octakis(butylthio) porphyrazine. Their corresponding cobalt complexes were subsequently obtained and characterized. Their catalytic ability was assessed by aerobic oxidation of benzoin, showing the highest benzil yield of 95.2% for 60 min. A possible mechanism was also presented from the in-situ UV-Vis spectra, in which a novel and characteristic absorption peak of metal-oxo was observed. At the same time, similar results of the extended oxidation of benzyl alcohol also confirmed the reactive mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A major driver of the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease ( SCD) is polymerization of deoxygenated haemoglobin S (HbS), which leads to sickling and destruction of red blood cells ( RBCs) and end-organ damage. Pharmacologically increasing the proportion of oxygenated HbS in RBCs may inhibit polymerization, prevent sickling and provide long term disease modification. We report that GBT440, a small molecule which binds to the N-terminal α chain of Hb, increases HbS affinity for oxygen, delays in vitro HbS polymerization and prevents sickling of RBCs. Moreover, in a murine model of SCD, GBT440 extends the half-life of RBCs, reduces reticulocyte counts and prevents ex vivo RBC sickling. Importantly, oral dosing of GBT440 in animals demonstrates suitability for once daily dosing in humans and a highly selective partitioning into RBCs, which is a key therapeutic safety attribute. Thus, GBT440 has the potential for clinical use as a disease-modifying agent in sickle cell patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although exertional dyspnea and worsening hypoxia are hallmark clinical features of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis ( IPF), no drug currently available could treat them. GBT1118 is a novel orally bioavailable small molecule that binds to hemoglobin and produces a concentration-dependent left shift of the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve with subsequent increase in hemoglobin-oxygen affinity and arterial oxygen loading. To assess whether pharmacological modification of hemoglobin-oxygen affinity could ameliorate hypoxemia associated with lung fibrosis, we evaluated GBT1118 in a bleomycin-induced mouse model of hypoxemia and fibrosis. After pulmonary fibrosis and hypoxemia were induced, GBT1118 was administered for eight consecutive days. Hypoxemia was determined by monitoring arterial oxygen saturation, while the severity of pulmonary fibrosis was assessed by histopathological evaluation and determination of collagen and leukocyte levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. We found that hemoglobin modification by GBT1118 had strong antihypoxemic therapeutic effects with improved arterial oxygen saturation to near normal level. Moreover, GBT1118 treatment significantly attenuated bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis, collagen accumulation, body weight loss, and leukocyte infiltration. This study is the first to suggest the beneficial effects of hemoglobin modification in fibrotic lungs and offers a promising and novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of hypoxemia associated with chronic fibrotic lung disorders in human, including IPF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transition metal tellurides (TMTs) have attracted much attention due to their rich properties in both fundamental research and applications. Among all the TMTs, the study of Ni3Te2 large single crystals is rare. By using the physical vapor transport technique, Zhe Li, Jun‐Yi Ge, and co‐workers have successfully grown Ni3Te2 single crystals with unique hexagonal cross section and a tubular shape (see article number 2200037). The crystal structure, the electrical transport and magnetic properties, and band structures are investigated in detail. It is revealed that Ni3Te2 exhibits a metallic behavior with the coexistence of ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transition metal tellurides (TMTs) have attracted much attention due to their rich properties in both fundamental research and applications. By using the physical vapor transport technique, Zhe Li, Jun-Yi Ge, and co-workers have successfully grown Ni SB 3 sb Te SB 2 sb single crystals with unique hexagonal cross section and a tubular shape (see article number 2200037). [Extracted from the article]

New chiral phase-transfer organocatalysts promote asymmetric umpolung reactions of imines with C-electrophilic α-enals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Capture of the cyclic oxyallyl cation intermediates from the BF3-mediated Nazarov reactions of allenyl vinyl ketones with various dienes is accomplished by (3+2)- and (4+3)-cycloaddition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aims of this work were to define the role of androgens in female wound healing and to develop and characterize a novel wound dressing with antiandrogens. Androgens retard wound healing in males, but their role in female wound healing has not been established. To understand androgen receptor (AR)-mediated androgen actions in male and female wound healing, we utilized the global AR knockout (ARKO) mouse model, with a mutated AR deleting the second zinc finger to disrupt DNA binding and transcriptional activation. AR inactivation enhanced wound healing rate in males by increasing re-epithelialization and collagen deposition even when wound contraction was eliminated. Cell proliferation and migration in ARKO male fibroblasts was significantly increased compared with wild-type (WT) fibroblasts. However, ARKO females showed a similar healing rate compared to WT females. To exploit local antiandrogen effects in wound healing, while minimizing off-target systemic effects, we developed a novel electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold wound dressing material for sustained local antiandrogen delivery. Using the antiandrogen hydroxyl flutamide (HF) at 1, 5, and 10 mg/mL in PCL scaffolds, controlled HF delivery over 21 days significantly enhanced in vitro cell proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts and human keratinocytes. HF-PCL scaffolds also promoted in vivo wound healing in mice compared with open wounds but not to PCL scaffolds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Years of operation experience on power systems reveal that most transmission line fault events are related to seasonal alternating meteorological disasters, which have typical temporal and spatial distribution characteristics. However, power system risk assessment lacks basically accurate descriptions of failure rate time distribution for transmission lines. In this study, a method to calculate the time‐varying failure rate of transmission lines in a monthly time scale is proposed to reflect the time‐dependent fault regulation. However, the failure rate during any time interval cannot be derived directly from limited historical fault samples. Therefore, a simulation method of continuous time distribution function for failure rate is proposed, which adopts Fourier, Gaussian, and Weibull function assumptions. Furthermore, the parameters of these function hypotheses are fitted and compared using the fault samples of a province power grid and an urban power grid in China, respectively. Results show that the proposed simulation model is reasonable. Finally, the time‐varying failure rate simulation model is adopted to quantify the risk of the verified IEEE‐RBTS system. The risk indices also indicate that considering the time distribution characteristics of failure rate has a more significant influence on the system risk than the conventional methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Temperature is generally considered as a key factor controlling algal bloom formation. Previous studies have indicated that the bloom-forming cyanobacteria Microcystis spp. overwinters near the sediment surface and does not actively grow below 15°C. However, satellite images and field collections from Lake Taihu, China have shown that Microcystis spp. blooms persisted when water temperatures were below 10°C during winter, although their magnitudes were smaller than during periods of higher temperature. Winter Microcystis cells maintained low activity and were able to grow again when exposed to elevated temperatures (≥12.5°C). Hence, cyanobacterial blooms may appear year-round in eutrophic lakes. Temperature increases coupled with nutrient enrichment promoted the growth of cyanobacteria, while low temperature decreased the loss rate of Microcystis, allowing winter blooms to persist. High concentrations of overwintering vegetative cells may provide a large inoculum for blooms during warmer seasons. Controlling winter blooms may reduce their magnitude during the warmer seasons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Cognitive deficits caused by heroin-induced white matter ( WM) impairments hinder addicts' engagement in and benefit from treatment. The predictive value of WM integrity in heroin addicts during methadone maintenance treatment ( MMT) for future relapse is unclear. Methods Forty-eight MMT patients were given baseline diffusion tensor imaging scans and divided into heroin relapsers ( HR, 25 cases) and abstainers ( HA, 23 cases) according to the results of 6-month follow-up. Intergroup comparisons were performed for fractional anisotropy ( FA), radial diffusivity ( RD), and axial diffusivity ( AD). The correlation between diffusion tensor imaging indices and the degree of heroin relapse was analyzed. Results Compared with HA group, HR group had reduced FA in the right retrolenticular part, left anterior and posterior limb of internal capsule, bilateral anterior corona radiata, and right external capsule. Three out of the six regions showed increased RD, with no changes in AD. The FA and AD values in the left posterior limb of internal capsule correlated negatively with the heroin-positive urinalysis rate within follow-up. Conclusions Lower WM integrity in MMT patients may add to neurobiological factors associated with relapse to heroin use. Strategies for improving WM integrity provide a new perspective to prevent future relapse to heroin abuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In facilitative interactions, the beneficiary feedback effect ( BFE) has been defined as the effect of beneficiary species (facilitated species) on their benefactor. BFEs have been shown to be dependent on environmental conditions and the composition of the beneficiary community. In alpine cushion systems, BFEs are more negative with more abundant, diverse and phylogenetically aggregated communities of beneficiary species., We tested the hypothesis that the functional composition of the beneficiary communities correlates with the direction and strength of BFE received by alpine cushion benefactors and specifically that a more negative BFE would occur with increasing density of graminoids and a more positive BFE would occur with increasing density of forbs and legumes. Additionally, we predicted that the negative BFE of graminoids would increase with increasing summer aridity., We used a data base of alpine cushion communities from 30 sites throughout the world to assess the overall relationship between the composition of beneficiary communities and the total flower density of cushion benefactors, and its variation with increasing drought. Additionally, in order to assess more precisely the role of the functional composition of the beneficiary communities on BFE in a very dry site with cushion benefactors exhibiting contrasting functional compositions of beneficiary communities, we also designed a field study in the Qilian Shan mountain range (China). At this site with a highly continental climate, we compared the number of flowers and fruits of different phenotypes of the alpine cushion species Thylacospermum caespitosum hosting numerous graminoids, numerous forbs or very few beneficiary species., In the intercontinental study, we found a negative relationship between graminoids and cushion benefactor flower density but no effect of other functional groups. The negative BFE of graminoids increased with increasing summer drought. In the dry Qilian Shan range, we found both a negative effect of graminoids on total flower density and a positive effect of forbs on flower density and fruit set., Our study indicates that the context dependence of BFE may be partially explained by the composition of beneficiary communities and in particular the negative effect of graminoids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abnormal salience attribution is implicated in heroin addiction. Previously, combining functional magnetic resonance imaging ( fMRI) and a drug cue-reactivity task, we demonstrated abnormal patterns of subjective response and brain reactivity in heroin-dependent individuals. However, whether the changes in cue-induced brain response were related to relapse was unknown. In a prospective study, we recruited 49 heroin-dependent patients under methadone maintenance treatment, a gold standard treatment (average daily dose 41.8 ± 16.0 mg), and 20 healthy subjects to perform the heroin cue-reactivity task during fMRI. The patients' subjective craving was evaluated. They participated in a follow-up assessment for 3 months, during which heroin use was assessed and relapse was confirmed by self-reported relapse or urine toxicology. Differences between relapsers and non-relapsers were analyzed with respect to the results from heroin-cue responses. Compared with healthy subjects, relapsers and non-relapsers commonly demonstrated significantly increased brain responses during the processing of heroin cues in the mesolimbic system, prefrontal regions and visuospatial-attention regions. However, compared with non-relapsers, relapsers demonstrated significantly greater cue-induced craving and the brain response mainly in the bilateral nucleus accumbens/subcallosal cortex and cerebellum. Although the cue-induced heroin craving was low in absolute measures, the change in craving positively correlated with the activation of the nucleus accumbens/subcallosal cortex among the patients. These findings suggest that in treatment-seeking heroin-dependent individuals, greater cue-induced craving and greater specific regional activations might be related to reward/craving and memory retrieval processes. These responses may predict relapse and represent important targets for the development of new treatment for heroin addiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infrared photodetectors, InGaAs/InP, lasing, nanowires, quantum well Keywords: infrared photodetectors; InGaAs/InP; lasing; nanowires; quantum well EN infrared photodetectors InGaAs/InP lasing nanowires quantum well 1 1 1 01/18/22 20220114 NES 220114 B Infrared Photodetectors b In article number 2103057, Ziyuan Li, Lan Fu, and co-workers develop a new crystal facet engineering strategy to achieve epitaxial growth of highly uniform InGaAs/InP multiple quantum well nanowire arrays. A New Strategy for Selective Area Growth of Highly Uniform InGaAs/InP Multiple Quantum Well Nanowire Arrays for Optoelectronic Device Applications (Adv. Funct. [Extracted from the article]