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Background: In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), an accurate assessment of food intake is essential for clinical nutritional management. Tools such as the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and 24‐h food record (24HR) identify dietary habits in support of dietary planning. However, it is possible that these tools have reporting errors with respect to assessing food intake, particularly energy intake (EI). Methods: A cross‐sectional study was conducted in patients with type 2 DM. EI was assessed by the FFQ and 24HR tools. Resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured by indirect calorimetry. Data were analysed using a kappa test, t‐test and Spearman's correlation coefficients. Under‐reporting was assessed using the EI/REE ratio. Patients with values <1.18 and <1.10 for FFQ and 24HR, respectively, were considered as under‐reporting. Results: We evaluated 55 patients [mean (SD) 62.7 (5.3) years old, duration of diabetes 11.2 (7.3) years, 52.7% female]. The mean (SD) EI assessed by FFQ was 1797.7 (641.3) and as assessed by 24HR was 1624 (484.8) kcal day–1. The mean (SD) REE was 1641.3 (322.3) kcal day–1. The mean (SD) ratios FFQ/REE and 24HR/REE were 1.11 (0.38) and 1.01 (0.30), respectively. The tools showed a moderate agreement for under‐reporting of EI (kappa = 0.404; P = 0.003). Moderate and positive correlations between REE were observed with FFQ (r = 0.321; P = 0.017) and 24HR (r = 0.364; P = 0.006). According to the tools, the under‐reporting was observed in approximately 65% of patients. Conclusions: The majority of patients with type 2 DM under‐reported their calorie intake, as assessed by FFQ and 24HR. REE showed a positive correlation with both tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to examine the skeletal muscle hypertrophic, architectural, and performance‐related adaptations in response to volume‐matched, total‐body flywheel versus traditional resistance training in a randomized, non‐exercise controlled study in physically active young adults. Thirty‐one healthy young adults (24 ± 3 y) were randomized to 10 weeks of traditional resistance training (TRT; n = 7F/5M), flywheel training (FWRT; n = 7F/4M), or a habitual activity control (CON; n = 5F/3M). Maximal voluntary isometric torque (MVIT), one repetition‐maximum (1RM) for the free weight squat and bench press, three repetition work maximum (3Wmax) for the flywheel squat and bench press, countermovement jump height, and broad jump distance, as well as site‐specific muscle hypertrophy, fascicle length (FL), and pennation angle, were measured. Both TRT and FWRT increased MVIT (p ≤ 0.021) and FFM (p ≤ 0.032) compared to CON. However, TRT promoted superior improvements in free weight squat and bench 1RM (p < 0.001), and FWRT improved flywheel 3Wmax squat and bench (p < 0.001). FWRT increased the FL and cross‐sectional area of the distal VL, countermovement jump height, and broad jump distance (p ≤ 0.048), whereas TRT increased the pennation angle and cross‐sectional area of the proximal VL. Therefore, 10 weeks of volume‐matched, total‐body traditional, and flywheel resistance training similarly increased maximal isometric strength and fat‐free mass. However, FWRT promoted unique skeletal muscle architectural adaptations that likely contributed to region‐specific VL hypertrophy and jump performance improvements. Thus, FWRT provides a novel training stimulus that promotes architectural adaptations that support improved athletic performance in a manner that is not provided by traditional resistance exercise training. Highlights: Participants using the flywheel isoinertial training device developed unique skeletal muscle adaptations in the vastus lateralis compared to the traditional resistance training group.The flywheel group also increased both their countermovement jump height and broad jump distance, whereas there were no improvements in the traditional resistance training group.The traditional training group had greater improvements in the free weight back squat and bench press compared to the flywheel group.Both groups improved fat‐free mass and isometric strength to a similar degree compared to the habitually exercising control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) restricts the efficient activation of immune responses. To restore the surveillance of the immune system for robust activation, vast efforts are devoted to normalizing the TME. Here, a manganese‐doped layered double hydroxide (Mn‐LDH) is developed for potent anti‐tumor immunity by reversing TME. Mn‐LDH is synthesized via a one‐step hydrothermal method. In addition to the inherent proton neutralization capacity of LDH, the introduction of manganese oxide endows LDH with an additional ability to produce oxygen. Mn‐LDH effectively releases Mn2+ and Mg2+ upon exposure to TME with high levels of H+ and H2O2, which activates synthase‐stimulator of interferon genes pathway and maintains the cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells respectively, achieving a cascade‐like role in innate and adaptive immunity. The locally administered Mn‐LDH facilitated a "hot" network consisting of mature dendritic cells, M1‐phenotype macrophages, as well as cytotoxic and helper T cells, significantly inhibiting the growth of primary and distal tumors. Moreover, the photothermal conversion capacity of Mn‐LDH sparks more robust therapeutic effects in large established tumor models with a single administration and irradiation. Overall, this study guides the rational design of TME‐modulating immunotherapeutics for robust immune activation, providing a clinical candidate for next‐generation cancer immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyanionic sodium ion cathodes have attracted lots of concern because of their excellent structural stability. However, the low specific capacity is still a pressing issue hampering their practical application. In this work, a medium‐entropy NASICON‐structure cathode Na3.5V0.5Mn0.5Fe0.5Ti0.5(PO4)3 (Me‐NVMP) is proposed. The Me‐NVMP achieves a highly reversible specific capacity of 165.8 mAh g−1 (1.8–4.4 V vs Na+/Na) at 0.1 C via the stepwise redox reactions of Ti3+/Ti4+‐Fe2+/Fe3+, V3+/V4+‐Mn2+/Mn3+, and V4+/V5+‐Mn3+/Mn4+. More impressively, the Me‐NVMP yields super rate capability and cycling stability via the regulation of configuration entropy in NASICON. Specifically, the Me‐NVMP cathode can preserve a capacity retention of 83.5% after 10,000 cycles at 100 C (17 A g−1). Furthermore, excellent cycling performance even at the temperature of 0 °C (capacity retention of 93.45% at 20 C after 1000 cycles) is also demonstrated. In situ X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals that the enhanced performance can be mainly attributed to the solid–solution‐type Na+ storage behavior in Me‐NVMP. Moreover, issues such as Jahn‐Teller distortion of Mn3+ and irreversible structural change at high voltage (>4.0 V vs Na+/Na) are effectively mitigated. This work inspires a new strategy to design high‐performance polyanionic electrode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Introduction: Whilst glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP1‐RAs) are effective for treating adolescent obesity, weight loss maintenance (WLM; preventing weight regain) remains a challenge. Our goal was to investigate appetite/satiety hormones and eating behaviours that may predict WLM with exenatide (a GLP1‐RA) versus placebo in adolescents with severe obesity. Methods: Adolescents who had ≥5% body mass index (BMI) reduction with meal replacement therapy were randomized to 52 weeks of once‐weekly exenatide extended release or placebo. In this secondary analysis, eating behaviours and appetite/satiety regulation hormones post‐meal replacement therapy (pre‐randomization to exenatide or placebo) were evaluated as possible predictors of WLM. Percent change in BMI from randomization to 52 weeks served as the primary measure of WLM. Results: The analysis included 66 adolescents (mean age 16.0 years; 47% female). Lower leptin response to meal testing was associated with greater WLM in terms of BMI percent change in those receiving exenatide compared to placebo (p = 0.007) after adjusting for sex, age and BMI. There were no other significant predictors of WLM. Conclusions: Prior to exenatide, lower leptin response to meals was associated with improved WLM with exenatide compared to placebo. The mostly null findings of this study suggest that GLP1‐RA treatment may produce similar WLM for adolescents with obesity regardless of age, BMI, sex and eating behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zn0.95−xMg0.05CoxO (x = 0.01–0.05 with an increment of 0.01) nanoparticles were synthesized by using the sol–gel technique to analyze structural and magnetic properties. The single phase was observed in the X‐ray diffraction measurements. To examine the surface morphology, elemental compositions, crystal quality, defect type, density, and magnetic behavior of the nanoparticles, SEM, energy dispersive X‐ray analysis (EDX), PL, and ESR were used, respectively. The PL has ultraviolet and a broad emission band including violet and a blue spectral region corresponding to the defect‐related and excitonic emissions. These emissions were strongly dependent on the synthesize condition and doping element and ratio. The effect of cobalt concentration on the line widths of pike to pike (ΔHPP) and the g‐factor of ESR spectra were investigated. By comparing the results of the ESR and PL measurements, it was determined which defect with a given g‐factor was responsible for the corresponding PL emission band. In addition, ESR spectra of Mg/Co co‐doped ZnO nanoparticles with different cobalt concentrations recorded at room temperature were presented. Since Mg/Co co‐doped ZnO nanoparticles reveal ferromagnetism at RT, they could be an appropriate material for new devices in spin‐based technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primates are declining worldwide and rapid infrastructure expansion, particularly roads, threatens their habitat. New roads fragment habitats allowing anthropogenic activities to occur in once pristine ecosystems; this is particularly impactful in tropical areas with high endemic biodiversity, as is occurring with primates in Colombia. However, temporal assessments of how roads impact local biodiversity are rare. We conducted a comprehensive assessment of the exposure of Colombian primates to roads from 1970 to 2015. Using a spatially explicit and species‐specific approach, we estimated the critical road density and the critical patch size primate species can withstand before going locally extinct. Then, overlapping 15 primate species (~40% of the primate species present in Colombia) ranges with Colombia's road networks over time, we determined the road expansion scope within each habitat and consequent fragmentation. Comparing the species critical road density and patch size, we determined the degree of road exposure of each species over time and its vulnerability to local extinction. Our results show that between 1970 and 2015, there were nearly 40 000 km2 where at least one species was at risk of local extinction, due to road expansion, principally in the Andean and Caribbean regions. Primates in these regions faced the greatest exposure to road impacts, with an average 16% increase in the amount of affected habitat during this period. Species in most need of conservation based on road exposure rankings are: Cebus versicolor, Aotus griseimembra, Ateles hybridus, Saguinus leucopus and Saguinus oedipus. Our study contributes to understanding road impacts on local biodiversity in one of the biodiversity hotspots across the tropics and highlights the need of infrastructure accounting for the necessary mitigation and conservation actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Burdekin plums (BP) are the fruits of Pleiogynium timoriense (DC.) Leenh, a tree native to Australia. In this study, BP fruit leathers were developed by blending BP puree with apple puree (0%–80% levels) to make five formulations of BP fruit leathers (100BP, 80BP, 60BP, 40BP, 20BP). Physicochemical parameters and microbial stability of fruit leathers were studied during six‐month storage at ambient conditions (temperature 16–25 °C, humidity 60%–77%). Results showed that BP leathers had a water activity from 0.60 to 0.64 and moisture content from 21% to 25%, and both were stable during storage. 20BP had the highest score for all colour parameters measured and had the lowest value in hardness. Reduction in redness and chroma and an increase in hue were observed in all leathers after storage. The total content of cyanidin 3‐galactoside and cyanidin 3‐glucoside decreased from 400–1600 mg/kg DW to 100–500 mg/kg DW after processing into leathers then to 9–70 mg/kg DW after storage. A decrease in catechins was also observed after puree was processed into leather and after the 6 months of storage, whereas an increase in gallic acid, ellagic acid, quercetin 3‐glucoside, trigalloylglucose was observed particularly in 20BP. Total phenolic content (ranging from 6 to 24 mg GAE/g DW) and antioxidant capacity (ranging from 80 to 240 μmol Fe2+/g DW) remained relatively stable after processing and storage with a slight reduction in 80BP and 100BP. Fruit leathers were microbiologically safe and shelf‐stable during the 6 months of storage. These results demonstrated the potential of BP to be processed into shelf‐stable fruit leathers rich in bioactive phenolics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies suggest that seaweed extracts are a significant source of bioactive compounds comparable to the dietary phytochemicals such as onion and tea extracts. The exploration of natural antioxidants that attenuate oxidative damage is important for developing strategies to treat obesity-related pathologies. The objective of this study was to screen the effects of seaweed extracts of 49 species on adipocyte differentiation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production during the adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and to investigate their total phenol contents and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities. Our results show that high total phenol contents were observed in the extracts of Ecklonia cava (see for taxonomic authors) (681.1 ± 16.0 μg gallic acid equivalents [GAE] · g), Dictyopteris undulata (641.3 ± 70.7 μg GAE · g), and Laurencia intermedia (560.9 ± 48.1 μg GAE · g). In addition, DPPH radical scavenging activities were markedly higher in Sargassum macrocarpum (60.2%), Polysiphonia morrowii (55.0%), and Ishige okamurae (52.9%) than those of other seaweed extracts ( P < 0.05). Moreover, treatment with several seaweed extracts including D. undulata, Sargassum micracanthum, Chondrus ocellatus, Gelidium amansii, Gracilaria verrucosa, and Grateloupia lanceolata significantly inhibited adipocyte differentiation and ROS production during differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Furthermore, the production of ROS was positively correlated with lipid accumulation ( R = 0.8149). According to these preliminary results, some of the seaweed extracts can inhibit ROS generation, which may protect against oxidative stress that is linked to obesity. Further studies are required to determine the molecular mechanism between the verified seaweeds and ROS, and the resulting effects on obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrated petrographic and chemical analysis of zircon, garnet and rutile from ultrahigh-temperature (UHT) granulites in the Anápolis–Itauçu Complex, Brazil, is used to constrain the significance of zircon ID-TIMS U–Pb geochronological data. Chondrite-normalized rare earth element (REE) profiles of zircon cores have positive-sloping heavy-REE patterns, commonly inferred to be magmatic, whereas unambiguous metamorphic grains and overgrowths have flat to slightly negatively sloping heavy-REE patterns. However, in one sample, a core of zircon interpreted as having formed prior to garnet crystallization and a metamorphic zircon formed within microstructures involving garnet breakdown both display elevated heavy-REE (and Y) with positive-sloping patterns. DREE(zrc/grt) partition coefficients suggest an approximation to equilibrium between zircon and garnet cores, although progressive enrichment in heavy REE towards garnet rims occurs in two of the samples investigated. Titanium-in-zircon thermometry indicates zircon growth during both the prograde and post-peak evolution, but not at peak temperatures of the UHT metamorphism. By contrast, zirconium-in-rutile thermometry of inclusions armoured by garnet records crystallization temperatures, based on the upper end of the interquartile range of the data, of ∼890 to 870 °C and maximum temperature around 980 °C, indicating prograde and retrograde growth close to and after peak conditions. Rutile located in retrograde microstruct records crystallization temperatures of 850 to 820 °C. Rutile intergrown with ilmenite and included within orthopyroxene, which is associated with exsolved zircon, records temperatures ∼760 °C, consistent with Ti-in-zircon crystallization temperatures. ID-TIMS U–Pb geochronological data from two of the four samples investigated define upper intercept ages of 641.3 ± 8.4 Ma (MSWD 0.91) and 638.8 ± 2.5 Ma (MSWD 1.03) that correlate with periods of zircon growth along the prograde segment of the P–T path. Individual zircon U–Pb dates retrieved from all samples range from 649 to 634 Ma, indicating a maximum duration of c. 15 Myr for the UHT event. This period is interpreted as recording modest thickening of hot backarc lithosphere located behind the Arenópolis Arc at the edge of the São Francisco Craton consequent upon terminal collision of the Parána Block with the arc during the amalgamation of West Gondwana. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Supragastric belching (SGB) and aerophagia are behavioral disorders characterized by air induced esophageal distension. SGB is known to be associated with Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). Low Mean Nocturnal Baseline Impedance (MNBI) values support GERD diagnosis. We aimed to assess if chronic esophageal distension by air affects the esophageal mucosa integrity by assessing changes in MNBI. Methods: In a single‐center database study, we searched retrospectively for patients with a diagnosis of pathological SGB (n = 146) or aerophagia (n = 34) based on impedance‐pH reflux monitoring. During the examined period, patients with a conclusive negative diagnosis of SGB and no evidence of aerophagia were used as a control cohort (n = 191). MNBI at 3, 5, and 17 cm over Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES) was evaluated. GERD was diagnosed if acid exposure time (AET) >6%. All impedance studies of included patients were prospectively reevaluated. Results: GERD was diagnosed in 31.7% patients with SGB, a rate not different in comparison to patients without SGB (30.8%, p = 0.906). MNBI at 3 and 5 cm above the LES was significantly decreased among patients with SGB. SGB was not correlated with MNBI at 3 cm over the LES, (p: 0.086 OR: 1.000 95% CI: 0.999–1.001) when using multivariate analysis. Moreover no difference was spotted as far as MNBI at 3, 5, and 17 cm over the LES is concerned among patients with or without aerophagia. Conclusion: Even if patients with SGB do show lower MNBI values, esophageal distention due to excessive air movement does not directly lead to impairment of esophageal mucosa integrity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pilots use their senses and training to generate situational awareness (SA). They then use this SA to make sound aeronautical decisions. Autonomous vehicles, by contrast, cannot rely on pilot expertise in off‐nominal situations. They must rely on their onboard sensors to build SA of the environment. As these sensors degrade, it is hypothesized that a point exists where the SA generated by these sensors is inadequate to allow the autonomous vehicle to make sound aeronautical decisions. In previous work, a point was defined based on broad assumptions within a modeling and simulation environment (i.e., the error within each sensor was known and not random). This research used a larger data set that contained random errors within the sensors. The data was then used to build predictive equations through a Monte Carlo simulation in the same simulation environment as previous work. While the data showed there was a statistically significant relationship between the error values in each sensor and the fused distance value, the resulting predictive equations were not able to provide adequate SA to make sound aeronautical decisions. This research highlights multiple issues the test and evaluation community will face when trying to develop new techniques for the verification and validation of autonomous systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of synthesis routes on phase evolution, microstructure, change in ionic state and their co‐relation with electrochemical charge storage, and magnetic properties of novel (CuNiFeMnCo)3O4 high entropy spinel oxide (HESO). We successfully synthesized novel (CuNiFeMnCo)3O4 HESO through two different synthesis methods, that is, sol‐gel and reverse coprecipitation methods abbreviated as SA‐1 and SA‐2, respectively. The XRD analysis for both samples reveals the formation of inverse spinel phase (space group Fd‐3m) with the lattice constant of 8.3602 and 8.2502 Å for SA‐1 and SA‐2, respectively. The sample synthesized through the sol‐gel method possessed porous morphology, whereas the sample synthesized through the reverse coprecipitation method had spherical particles. The x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the presence of +2 and +3 ionic states for Fe, Ni, and Co, while Cu has a + 2 state and Mn exist in +3 and +4 states for both the synthesized samples. The ionic states of all cations remain invariant irrespective of the synthesis methods. However, the concentration of oxygen vacancy is significantly different for samples synthesized through different routes. Both the HESO electrodes show the electrochemical double‐layer capacitive type behavior in 2 M KOH electrolytic solution. The value of maximum specific capacitance is 38.46 and 34.24 F/g at a scan rate of 5 mV/s for SA‐1 and SA‐2, respectively. Moreover, the electrodes have capacity retention of 90 and 99% for 1000 cycles at a scan rate of 50 mV/s for SA‐1 and SA‐2, respectively. The magnetic property of the synthesized HESO samples was also investigated, and the found values of magnetization and coercivity are 1.79 emu/g and 54.9 Oe and 8.5 emu/g and 67.69 Oe for SA‐1 and SA‐2, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic field‐enhanced electrocatalytic activity has recently emerged as an effective strategy for electrocatalytic reactions. However, modulating the electrical behavior and spin ordering in real‐time using magnetic field during the electrocatalytic process remains challenging. Herein, based on the coexistence of room‐temperature ferromagnetic and magnetoresistance (MR) properties in La1−xSrxMnO3, it demonstrates that in addition to spin polarization, the negative MR effect contributes significantly to the enhancement of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) owing to the considerable MR value (−7.32% for La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 at 1.0 T). Accordingly, a lessened OER overpotential of ≈120 mV (at 10 mA cm−2) and a reduced charge‐transfer resistance are observed in La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 under a magnetic field of 1.0 T. Additionally, the power density of self‐assembled Zn–air battery (ZnAB) based on La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 improves by 5.9 times under 1.0 T. Calculation results reveal that spin alignment can induce more unoccupied electronic states near the Fermi level, decrease the energy level of the Mn d‐band center, and significantly reduce the O* formation barrier to enhance the OER activity of Sr‐doped LaMnO3. Thus, the in situ regulation of charge and spin ordering by magnetic field offers a deeper understanding for designing high‐performance ZnABs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, ring‐opening of mesoionic carbenes (iMICs) (iMIC=[ArC{N(Dipp)}2C(SiMe3)C:) (Dipp=2,6‐iPr2C6H3, Ar=Ph, 4‐Me2NC6H4 or 4‐PhC6H4) based on an 1,3‐imidazole scaffold to yield N‐ethynylformimidamide (eFIM) derivatives as crystalline solids (eFIM={(Dipp)N=C(Ar)N(Dipp)}C≡CSiMe3) is reported. eFIMs are thermally stable under inert gas atmosphere and show moderate air stability (t1/2=3 h for Ar=Ph). eFIMs are excellent surrogates of iMICs, which generally have a limited shelf‐life, and readily undergo ring‐closing click reactions with a variety of main‐group as well as transition metal Lewis acids to form hitherto challenging iMIC‐compounds in good to excellent yields. In addition to the relevance of eFIMs in the synthesis of iMIC‐compounds, quantification of the stereoelectronic properties of a representative iMIC (Ar=Ph) by experimental and theoretical methods suggests remarkably σ‐donor property and steric profile of these new ligand sets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The document titled "UK forecast tables" provides a series of tables containing economic data and forecasts for the United Kingdom. The tables cover various topics such as GDP components, households' sector income and expenditure, trade and balance of payments, labor market indicators, inflation indicators, government finances, and public finances. The tables include annual percentage changes and other relevant figures. The forecasts are based on data available up to January 9, 2024. [Extracted from the article]

Summary: Ectomycorrhizal (EcM) symbiosis, a ubiquitous plant–fungus interaction in forests, evolved in parallel in fungi. Why the evolution of EcM fungi did not necessarily increase ecological opportunities for explosive diversification remains unclear. This study aimed to reveal the driving mechanism of the evolutionary diversification in the fungal class Agaricomycetes, specifically by testing whether the evolution of EcM symbiosis in the Late Cretaceous increased ecological opportunities.The historical character transitions of trophic state and fruitbody form were estimated based on phylogenies inferred from fragments of 89 single‐copy genes. Moreover, five analyses were used to estimate the net diversification rates (speciation rate minus extinction rate).The results indicate that the unidirectional evolution of EcM symbiosis occurred 27 times, ranging in date from the Early Triassic to the Early Paleogene. The increased diversification rates appeared to occur intensively at the stem of EcM fungal clades diverging in the Late Cretaceous, coinciding with the rapid diversification of EcM angiosperms. By contrast, the evolution of fruitbody form was not strongly linked with the increased diversification rates.These findings suggest that the evolution of EcM symbiosis in the Late Cretaceous, supposedly with coevolving EcM angiosperms, was the key drive of the explosive diversification in Agaricomycetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzed the mechanism of shopping difficulties for low‐income groups in central Tokyo, where economic disparity is progressing due to gentrification. Through questionnaire and interview surveys, as well as analysis of time‐series environmental changes, we found that since 2000, shopping difficulties have been induced by the decline of shopping streets and the upgrading of supermarkets in parallel. Furthermore, in the areas where the percentage of high‐income groups due to redevelopments has significantly increased, luxury supermarkets opened at the same time as the construction of luxury condominiums, making it difficult for affordable supermarkets to locate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultra‐high dose rate radiotherapy (FLASH‐RT) has emerged as a novel tool for cancer radiotherapy owing to its extremely rapid radiation delivery to target species. Although FLASH‐RT can protect normal tissues and organs, tumor self‐protection mechanisms limit its therapeutic effect, thus necessitating technological improvement. Here, a multipathway ferroptosis‐enhanced radioimmunotherapeutic strategy that combines single‐atom nanozyme (SAzyme)‐based GSH depletion and CO gas therapy is reported. Personalized FLASH radioimmunotherapy is achieved through encapsulation of the carbon monoxide donor (MnCO)‐loaded porous Pd‐C SAzyme (SM) within 4T1 cancer cell membranes (CSM). Camouflaging with the cancer cell membrane enables the navigation of the MnCO‐loaded Pd‐C SAzyme to the tumor region via homologous targeting. There, it releases MnCO, which generates CO from overexpressed H2O2 to induce mitochondrial apoptosis. Furthermore, the generated CO and Pd‐C SAzyme oxidized glutathione and downregulates glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression to induce ferroptosis. The palladium in the SAzyme of the CSM further enhances the photoelectric effects of FLASH‐RT. The CSM‐mediated FLASH‐RT also invokes potent antitumor immunity, suppressing distant tumors, and immune memory, inhibiting tumor recurrence. This work presents a unique personalized nanozyme and CO gas synergistic approach wherein FLASH radioimmunotherapy avoids damage of normal tissues while simultaneously inducing ferroptosis for orthotopic tumor treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Constructing heterojunctions and hollow multi‐shelled structures can render materials with fascinating physicochemical properties, and have been regarded as two promising strategies to overcome the severe shuttling and sluggish kinetics of polysulfide in lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. However, a single strategy can only take limited effect. Modulating catalytic hosts with synergistic effects are urgently desired. Herein, Mn3O4‐MnS heterogeneous multi‐shelled hollow spheres are meticulously designed by controlled sulfuration of Mn2O3 hollow spheres, and then applied as advanced encapsulation hosts for Li–S batteries. Benefiting from the separated spatial confinement by hollow multi‐shelled structure, ample exposed active sites and built‐in electric field by heterogeneous interface, and synergistic effects between Mn3O4 (strong adsorption) and MnS (fast conversion) components, the assembled battery achieves prominent rate capability and decent cyclability (0.016% decay per cycle at 2 C, 1000 cycles). More crucially, satisfactory areal capacity reaches up to 7.1 mAh cm−2 even with high sulfur loading (8.0 mg cm−2) and lean electrolyte (E/S = 4.0 μL mg−1) conditions. This work will provide inspiration for the rational design of hollow multi‐shelled heterostructure for various electrocatalysis applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manganese sulfide (MnS) is a metal chalcogenide with a high theoretical capacity (616 mAh g−1) and can be used as an alternative anode material for lithium‐ion batteries. Generally, metal chalcogenides have intrinsic limitations, such as low stability resulting from volume expansion and poor electronic conductivity. Herein, the authors propose a synthesis strategy of nano‐sized γ‐MnS, and one‐step composite process by the growth of nanoparticles on the surface of reduced graphene oxide (rGO). These strategies can effectively prevent particle aggregation and enhance an electrochemical stability. The electrochemical performance of the γ‐MnS@rGO composite was evaluated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge and discharge measurements. The results showed that the γ‐MnS@rGO composite delivered a high specific capacity (624 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 after 100 cycles), good cycling stability, and excellent rate capability compared to bare γ‐MnS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recyclable biogum thickener was developed and employed as the main agent to compound a fracturing fluid system in order to address the issue of the problematic recovery of fracturing fluid system. By using infrared (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the physical characteristics and microstructure were examined. By using a rheometer, dynamic filtration loss, and an acid‐etching fracture conductivity device, respectively, the system's temperature and shear resistance, dynamic filtration loss, and fracture conductivity damage were studied. The system's gum‐breaking performance, formation water compatibility, and anti‐expansion performance were then measured in accordance with standards. As a result of shearing at 170 s−1 and 120°C for 2 h, the 4% biogum system's performance outperformed the other two systems in every way, according to the experimental findings. Its viscosity could also exceed 70 mPa · s. After breaking, the solution had a viscosity of 2.5 mPa · s, which was very compatible with the formation water. The system has a 90% anti‐swelling rate, a filtration loss coefficient of 5.14 × 10−5, strong infiltration ability, and negligible formation damage. The biogum system's recovery rate after field application is discovered to be around 50%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kefir drinks with sugar (5%, w/v), strawberry flavor (0.15%, v/v), and propolis extract (PE) at different ratios (0.150%, 0.225%, and 0.300%, v/v) were produced and stored at 4°C, and their physicochemical, rheological, microbiological, and sensory properties were monitored during storage. The ratio of PE and storage time had an insignificant effect on the dry matter, protein, fat contents, Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) L* and a* color values, apparent viscosity, consistency coefficient, flow behavior index, Lactobacillus spp., Lactococcus spp., and yeast counts of kefir drinks (p >.05). The CIE b* values of kefir drinks increased with an increase in PE ratio (p <.05). All kefir samples exhibited a pseudoplastic flow behavior. Initially, the total antioxidant capacity of kefir drinks was 2.19 μmol TE/100 mL, which increased to 2.51 μmol TE/100 mL for kefir drinks with 0.225% PE. The total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of kefir drinks with PE decreased during storage. PE addition did not influence the sensory color and taste liking scores of kefir drinks adversely until the 8th day of storage. In terms of odor liking scores, kefir drinks with 0.225% and 0.300% PE had a similar score to control drinks. Additionally, kefir drinks with 0.150% and 0.225% PE received an overall liking score similar to control drinks. Results indicated that the incorporation of PE at a ratio of 0.225% was recommended for the production of strawberry‐flavored kefir drinks with acceptable sensory characteristics and increased functional properties, and this product could be stored for up to 8 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The greater charge transfer rate and variable oxidation states make cerium oxides a potential candidate to be used for energy storage application. Also, doping heteroatom in the architecture of well‐structured cerium oxide can significantly improve capacitive performance. Herein, manganese doped cerium oxide‐based nanostructured thin film is synthesized via the pulse laser deposition method for the accomplishment of the supercapacitive performance of the electrode. Due to the incorporation of Mn into the lattice of CeO2 electrode, the specific capacitance has been increased from 292 to 395 F g−1 at 2 mA cm−2 and capacitance retention also increased to 92.5% in 0.5 m Li2SO4 electrolyte solution. Later, an Mn–CeO2//Mn–CeO2@SS device is fabricated, which exhibit a specific capacitance of 85 F g−1 at 2 mA cm−2 within the working voltage window of +1.2 V. The symmetric supercapacitor (SS) device with high energy and power densities of 31 Wh kg−1 and 1673 W kg−1, respectively, also exhibits excellent cyclic retention of 87.6% even after 10 000 cycles. The Mn‐doped CeO2 symmetric supercapacitor device's electrochemical richness makes it an appropriate material for supercapacitor applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Age‐, region‐, and year‐specific estimates of reproduction are needed for monitoring wildlife populations during periods of ecosystem change. Population dynamics of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) in Southeast Alaska varied regionally (with high population growth and survival in the north vs. the south) and annually (with reduced adult female survival observed following a severe marine heatwave event), but reproductive performance is currently unknown. We used mark‐resighting data from 1006 Steller sea lion females marked as pups at ~3 weeks of age from 1994 to 1995 and from 2001 to 2005 and resighted from 2002 to 2019 (to a maximum age of 25) to examine age‐, region‐, and year‐specific reproduction. In the north versus the south, age of first reproduction was earlier (beginning at age 4 vs. age 5, respectively) but annual birth probabilities of parous females were reduced by 0.05. In an average year pre‐heatwave, the proportion of females with pup at the end of the pupping season peaked at ages 12–13 with ~0.60/0.65 (north/south) with pup, ~0.30/0.25 with juvenile, and ~0.10 (both regions) without a dependent. In both regions, reproductive senescence was gradual after age 12: ~0.40, 0.40, and 0.20 of females were in these reproductive states, respectively, by age 20. Correcting for neonatal mortality, true birth probabilities at peak ages were 0.66/0.72 (north/south). No cost of reproduction on female survival was detected, but pup production remained lower (−0.06) after the heatwave event, which if sustained could result in population decline in the south. Reduced pup production and greater retention of juveniles during periods of poor prey conditions may be an important strategy for Steller sea lions in Southeast Alaska, where fine‐tuning reproduction based on nutritional status may improve the lifetime probability of producing pups under good conditions in a variable and less productive environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hollow microneedle devices as a technology for interstitial fluid extraction show promise for the minimally invasive point‐of‐care detection of analytes. Despite increasing efforts toward on‐patch diagnostics, the use of hollow microneedles has been limited due to the complexity caused by integrating hollow microneedles with established point‐of‐care diagnostic techniques. Herein, a 3D printing method is utilized, to provide low‐cost manufacturing of custom‐designed hollow microneedle devices, allowing for easy integration with lateral flow assays for rapid and blood‐free diagnostics. Microneedle surface modification through PEGylation results in prolonged and enhanced hydrophilicity, enabling passive uptake of small volume samples (≈22.5 µL) and an enhanced shelf life. The hollow microneedle devices are deemed non‐cytotoxic to cell types found within the skin following short‐term and prolonged exposure in accordance with ISO10993. Furthermore, the devices demonstrate high mechanical strength and successfully penetrate porcine skin grafts without damaging the surrounding skin morphology. This work also demonstrates for the first time the use of hollow microneedles for the simultaneous detection, at clinically relevant concentrations, of C‐reactive protein (LoD = 10 µg mL−1) and procalcitonin (LoD = 1 ng mL−1), through porcine skin, ultimately demonstrating the beneficial use of manufactured 3D‐printed hollow microneedles towards low‐cost blood‐free diagnostics of inflammation markers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mesoporous La2CrMnO6 double perovskite is successfully synthesized using the hydrothermal technique, and characterized its physicochemical properties using X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The synthesized material exhibits a high surface area of 57.07 m2 g−1, providing more active sites for electrochemical charge storage. The electrochemical performance of the La2CrMnO6 as an electrode material is evaluated for the first time, which reveals an excellent specific capacitance of 1416 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 in a three‐electrode setup. Results suggest that mesoporous La2CrMnO6 double perovskite is a promising electrode material for electrochemical energy storage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In relation to perovskites, tweaking the oxidation state of the B‐site cation is fundamental to controlling the catalytic activity of these materials, thus necessitating a complete characterization of surface oxidation states. Herein, using a combination of atomic‐scale imaging and spectroscopic techniques, structure‐property correlation in barium manganese oxide (BaMnO3) is established for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) on the synthesized BaMnO3 find the rods to contain an amorphous surface layer with reduced Mn3+ states compared to Mn4+ states in the bulk. Consequently, the BaMnO3 rods show electrocatalytic activity for the ORR, which originates from the presence of Mn3+ at the rod surface. Furthermore, heating of the samples in air at 300 and 800 °C results in a decrease in the number of Mn3+ states, and thus lowering of the ORR activity. This study represents a step‐stone study in understanding the mechanism of ORR activity and its association to the Mn3+ state at the perovskite's surface, opening up possibilities for further surface engineering and tuning catalytic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The organic Rankine cycle (ORC) system in plants, powered by dual steam–water heat sources, has significant power generation potential and practical research value. Herein, the conditions of 700 kPa saturated steam and 650 kPa, 90 °C water heat source are considered. Four configurations of steam–water dual heat source waste heat recovery ORC systems are proposed. The independent parameters affecting the net output power of the system are obtained by developing a mathematical model and optimizing it using the particle swarm optimization method. The results show that the location of the pinch‐point temperature difference in various ORC loops and the allowable working pressure of the heat exchanger are determinants of independent parameters. The net output powers of the conventional dual‐loop ORC (CD‐ORC), single‐loop ORC (S‐ORC), split‐flow dual‐loop ORC (SFD‐ORC), and split‐flow triple‐loop ORC SFT‐ORC systems under the optimal design parameters are 2415.73, 2168.6, 2599.62, and 2716.75 kW, respectively. In addition, S‐ORC has the highest exergy efficiency of 55.17%. SFD‐ORC and SFT‐ORC have ≈48% exergy efficiency, and CD‐ORC has the lowest exergy efficiency of 45.33%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Na3V2(PO4)3 is regarded as a promising candidate for sodium ion batteries. Nevertheless, the poor electronic conductivity, low capacities, and unstable structure limit its further investigations. Herein, a new type of Fe/Mn/Co co‐substituted Na3V2(PO4)3 with nitrogen‐doped carbon coating (NFMC) by a facile sol‐gel route is synthesized. The introduced elements feature in both crystal bulk and carbon coating layer. Suitable heteroatom substitution activates more effective Na+ to participate in electrochemical process and reinforce the structure. An extra high voltage platform at 3.8 V resulting from the multi‐element synergy (Mn2+/Mn3+/Mn4+; Co2+/Co3+; V4+/V5+) is stably and reversibly existed in NFMC to supply added capacities, which is investigated by quantum physics calculations. The high flux paths for Na+ migration and spin quantum state distribution in NFMC are demonstrated by molar magneton calculation. Significantly, the generated polyatomic coordination environment of MNC (M = Fe/Co/Mn) in carbon layer is first proposed. The most optimized combination structures are obtained from 69 possible structures and demonstrated by X‐ray absorption spectroscopy. The superior electrochemical performance is precisely forecasted by innovative deep learning. Predicted values with high precision are obtained based on a small number of operating data, extremely short development period, and provide real‐time status references for safer use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma rapidly acquires resistance to chemotherapy, remaining a fatal disease. Immunotherapy is one of the breakthroughs in cancer treatment, which includes immune checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell immunotherapy, and neoantigen vaccines. However, immunotherapy has not achieved satisfactory results in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Immunogenic death comprises proinflammatory cell death, which provides a way to enhance tumor immunogenicity and promote an immune response in solid tumors. Herein, an ionic liquid ablation agent (LAA), synthesized from choline and geranic acid, which triggers necrosis‐induced immunotherapy by remodeling an immunosuppressive "cold" tumor to an immune activated "hot" tumor is described. The results indicate that LAA‐treated tumor cells can enhance immunogenicity, inducing dendritic cell maturation, macrophage M1 polarization, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte infiltration. The results of the present study provide a novel strategy for solid tumor immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring high‐performing Ni‐based electrocatalysts for the urea oxidation reaction (UOR) is crucial for developing urea‐related energy technologies yet remains a daunting challenge. In this study, a synergistic anomalous hcp phase and heteroatom doping engineering over metallic Ni are found to enhance the UOR. A metal‐organic framework‐mediated approach is proposed to construct Ni nanoparticles (NPs) with designated crystal phase embedded in N‐doped carbon (fcc‐Ni/NC and hcp‐Ni/NC). Significant crystal phase‐dependent catalytic activity for the UOR is observed; hcp‐Ni/NC, featuring unusual hcp phase, outperforms fcc‐Ni/NC with conventional fcc phase. Moreover, incorporating foreign Mn species in hcp‐Ni/NC can further dramatically promote UOR, making it among the best UOR catalysts reported to date. From experimental results and DFT calculations, the specific nanoarchitecture, involving an anomalous hcp phase together with Mn doping engineering, endows hcp‐MnNi/NC with abundant exposed active sites, facile charge transfer, and more significantly, optimized electronic state, giving rise to enriched Ni3+ active species and oxygen vacancies on the catalyst surface during electrocatalysis. These features collectively contribute to the enhanced UOR activity. This work highlights a potent design strategy to develop advanced catalysts with regulated electronic state through synergistic crystal phase and doping engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, structural, morphological, and energy‐storage properties of Y2MnCoO6 double perovskite synthesized by hydrothermal process are reported. The electrochemical investigation of Y2MnCoO6 is a novel aspect of the work, and this composition is being synthesized for the first time employing the hydrothermal technique. The powder X‐ray diffraction analysis shows formation of cubic crystal phase with Ia3¯(206) symmetry and lattice parameters as a = b = c = 10.60 Å. It is indicated in the microstructure study that the morphology of the sample material is almost homogenous in the form of microspheres. The microsphere shape allows superior charge movement at the nanoscale, enabling more area available for electrochemical reactions to take place. The high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) reveals the grain size in the range of 50–100 nm. The X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals the occurrence of Y3+, Mn3+, and Co2+/3+, ions on the surface of Y2MnCoO6. The energy‐storage behavior of nanostructured Y2MnCoO6 electrodes studied via cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry displays the redox nature of the Y2MnCoO6. The calculated value of specific capacitance is found to be ≈148.0 Fg−1 at current density of 0.5 Ag−1; with ≈85% specific capacitance retention, after 10 000 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Recent evidence is supporting the notion of a microbiological and immunological continuum on the gum-gut axis in health and disease. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and risk indicators of periodontitis in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) compared to age- and sex-matched controls without inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).Methods: A total of 180 IBD (117 CD, 60 UC, 3 IBD-unclassified) and 180 healthy controls were compared for their periodontitis diagnosis (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/American Academy of Periodontology [CDC/AAP] case definition) and full-mouth periodontal parameters. In addition, explorative logistic regression models were performed.Results: Significantly more patients with IBD had moderate/severe periodontitis (85.6% vs. 65.6%, p < 0.001) and severe periodontitis (36.7% vs. 25.6%, p < 0.001) than controls. Differences were higher in the 35-50 and 51-65 age groups, without significant changes between CD and UC. IBD subjects presented chances ∼3.5 higher of having moderate/severe periodontitis (p < 0.001). Significant variables associated with periodontitis in the whole sample were older age, presence of IBD, and higher full-mouth plaque scores, whereas in the IBD group they were male sex, IBD-associated surgery, and IBD duration and localization (pancolitis). Positive risk indicators for IBD were periodontitis severity and higher bleeding scores, while smoking was negatively associated with UC.Conclusions: Relevant associations between IBD and periodontitis were found, being modified by CD and UC clinical characteristics. Preventive and therapeutic strategies involving the gum-gut axis should be enforced in IBD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

14 Storage-related changes in equine leukocyte morphology and Advia 120 automated differential c... Ashley Parsley, Erika Gruber North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA B Background b : To minimize storage-related artifacts in leukocyte morphology and counts, EDTA-anticoagulated whole blood should be evaluated promptly or refrigerated at 4°C, a challenge for equine ambulatory practice. Automated and manual differential WBC percentages were compared for the ProCyte Dx, which displayed interpretable WBC scattergrams. 24 WBC scattergrams in immunodeficient mice: Examine the blood film Catherine Layssol Lamour 1,2, Fanny Granat 2,3, Catherine Trumel 1,2, Nathalie Bourges Abe... 1 CREFRE Anexplo, Université de Toulouse, Inserm, UPS, ENVT, Toulouse, France; 2 Ecole Nation... B Background: b In immunodeficient mice, laser-based hematology analyzers validated for murine species; provide white blood counts (WBC) consistent with leukopenia with both normal and abnormal leukocyte scattergrams. [Extracted from the article]

The present study sought to explore the impact of movement monitoring devices on risk prediction and prevention of pressure ulcers (PU) among adults. Using systematic review methodology, we included original research studies using a prospective design, written in English, assessing adult patients' movement in bed, using a movement monitoring device. The search was conducted in March 2021, using PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases, and returned 1537 records, of which 25 met the inclusion criteria. Data were extracted using a pre‐designed extraction tool and quality appraisal was undertaken using the evidence‐based librarianship (EBL). In total, 19 different movement monitoring devices were used in the studies, using a range of physical sensing principles. The studies focused on quantifying the number and types of movements. In four studies the authors compared the monitoring system with PU risk assessment tools, with a variety of high and low correlations observed. Four studies compared the relationship between movement magnitude and frequency and the development of PUs, with variability in results also identified. Two of these studies showed, as expected, that those who made less movements developed more PU; however, the two studies also unexpectedly found that PUs occurred in both low movers and high movers. In the final two studies, the authors focused on the concordance with recommended repositioning based on the results of the monitoring device. Overall, concordance with repositioning increased with the use of a monitoring device. The synthesis of the literature surrounding bed monitoring technologies for PU risk prediction showed that a range of physical sensors can be used to detect the frequency of movement. Clinical studies showed some correlation between parameters of movement and PU risk/incidence, although the heterogeneity of approaches limits generalisable recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Converting poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) into metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) has emerged as a promising innovation for upcycling of waste plastics. However, previous solvothermal methods suffer from toxic solvent consumption, long reaction time, high pressure, and high temperature. Herein, a mechanochemical milling strategy was reported to transform waste PET into a series of MOFs with high yields. This strategy had the merits of solvent‐free conditions, ambient reaction temperature, short running time, and easy scale‐up for large‐scale production of MOFs. The as‐prepared MOFs exhibited definite crystal structure and porous morphology composed of agglomerated nanoparticles. It was proven that, under mechanochemical milling, PET was firstly decomposed into 1,4‐benzenedicarboxylate, which acted as linkers to coordinate with metal ions for forming fragments, followed by the gradual arrangement of fragments into MOFs. This work not only promotes high value‐added conversion of waste polyesters but also offers a new opportunity to produce MOFs in a green and scalable manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rational manipulation of multicomponent materials into a sophisticated architecture is a prerequisite for developing lithium‐ion batteries. However, mechanical diffusion‐induced strain accumulation leads to sluggish diffusion kinetics and anomalous structure instability, further resulting in inferior long‐term cyclability and rate performance. Herein, the von Mises stress distribution on open microcages composed of secondary nanoparticles (OCNs) is mechanically investigated by finite element simulation, which elucidates the pronounced stress‐release effect on OCNs architecture. Afterward, a facile metal–organic framework‐derived methodology is proposed for constructing multihierarchical carbon‐encapsulated oxygen vacancy‐enriched MnO/Ni OCNs (OV‐MnO/Ni OCNs). Due to structural and compositional integration, the OV‐MnO/Ni OCNs achieve extraordinary lithium storage performance with excellent reversible capacity (1905.1 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1), ultrahigh cycling stability (1653.5 mAh g−1 at 2 A g−1 up to 600 cycles), and considerable rate capability (463.3 mAh g−1 even at 10 A g−1). The primary lithium storage mechanisms are further systematically determined by experimental and theoretical investigations. The enriched oxygen vacancies, metallic Ni configuration, and N‐doped carbonaceous matrix provide more active sites, construct omnidirectional diffusion pathways, suppress volume expansion, and boost electronic conductivity, thus yielding an exceptional diffusivity coefficient and expedited electrochemical kinetics. This study offers profound insights for the elaborate design of multicompositional electrodes into a mechanical stress‐release structure toward advanced energy storage application and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Roman nettle (Urtica pilulifera L.) is an annual plant whose seeds are rich in oil and valuable phytochemicals. In this study, oil from Roman nettle seeds is extracted by cold pressing and its quality is evaluated during storage at room temperature for up to 90 days. The seed moisture content is adjusted to 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10% (g 100 g−1) to evaluate its effect on oil extraction yield. The highest oil yield (31.5%) is found in the seeds containing 5% moisture. Acid and peroxide values increase with both moisture content increase and during storage. Moreover, an increase in seed moisture content decreases the oxidative stability (from 8.1 to 6.3 h), carotenoids (from 25 to 14 mg kg−1), chlorophylls (from 742 to 486 mg kg−1), and phenolic contents (from 134 to 97 (mg caffeic acid per kg oil)) of the extracted oils. Fatty acid profile and phytosterols are not significantly influenced (p > 0.05) by the moisture content of the seeds and storage. Total phenol contents and γ‐tocopherol levels increase during storage, but carotenoids, chlorophylls, and α‐tocopherol levels decrease. Based on overall composition and quality parameters, Roman nettle seed oil may have potential food applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work describes the string sensor for the simple and sensitive detection of glucose which is based on Prussian blue (PB) modified graphite utilizing dipping. First, PB modified graphite (PB-G) strings are characterized by physical and electrochemical techniques to optimize the PB-G layer thickness. Then, glucose oxidase (GOx) is immobilized on PB-G string electrode with biocompatible chitosan overlayer (Chi/GOx/PB-G). The Chi/GOx/PB-G string electrode exhibits a sensitivity of 641.3 μA·mM−1·cm−2 to glucose with a linear range of 0.03 to 1.0 mM (R2=0.9957) and a rapid response time (<3 s). Moreover, the Chi/GOx/PB-G string electrodes are less sensitive to common interference materials such as ascorbic acid, uric acid, galactose, and acetaminophen than to glucose. The Chi/GOx/PB-G string electrodes also show excellent reproducibility (<5% RSD). Therefore, our Chi/GOx/PB-G string electrodes can be simple, robust, and reliable tools for glucose sensing which can avoid complicated and difficult multistep fabrication processes. In addition, we expect that they have many potential applications in fields ranging from health care to food analysis, in particular where single use is favorable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Light‐assisted Li–CO2 battery, emerging as a powerful battery‐technology to utilize light‐energy, has attracted much attention yet it is still limited by the lack of efficient photocathode catalysts toward simultaneously promoted CO2 activation/evolution processes. Here, a kind of phthalocyanine‐based metal–organic framework nanosheet (CoPc–Mn–O) is prepared and applied as efficient photocathode catalyst in light‐assisted Li–CO2 battery. Thus‐produced CoPc–Mn–O shows nanosheet‐morphology (≈1 nm), dual active metal‐sites (i.e., Co–N4 and Mn–O4), high conductivity, and photosensitivity. The resulting battery delivers a high round‐trip efficiency of 98.5% with an ultralow voltage hysteresis of 0.05 V and superior cycling‐stability (81.3%) for 60 h at 0.02 mA cm−2, which is represented to be one of the best photo‐cathodes to date. Density functional theory calculations and characterizations prove that the presence of photosensitive CoPc–Mn–O with dual active metal‐sites endows an activation energy (3.2 eV) for CO2 activation under light condition and simultaneously promote the CO2 evolution to enhance the battery efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clouds and blowing snow (BLSN) occur frequently over Antarctica, where it is critical to understand their feedbacks to surface and atmospheric boundary layer processes. Dome C, an elevated East Antarctic station, dominated by lengthy periods of surface longwave (LW) radiative cooling, is selected to reveal cloud and BLSN impacts within a largely stable environment. The sky condition is classified as clear, cloudy, or BLSN, using 3 years of Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations satellite data. Co‐located and contemporaneous in situ observations are used to investigate the relationship of sky condition with surface and atmospheric boundary layer thermal structure, focusing on seasonal variability. Results show that increased downwelling LW radiation from clouds abate surface radiative cooling losses, contributing to warming during all seasons. An increase of 3°C in the mean surface air temperature is observed during spring, whereas, a more dramatic rise (around 10°C), due to accompanying large‐scale subsidence, is observed during fall and winter in association with clouds. For all seasons, the wind speed and wind speed shear are strongest during BLSN events, and the surface‐based inversion is weakened by cooling which peaks in a shallow above‐surface turbulent layer. The stronger background stability during fall and winter seasons, restricts turbulence and BLSN depths generally to the lowest tens of meters. The Earth's cryosphere is among the most rapidly evolving yet least well‐observed regions, and knowledge of clouds and BLSN interactions with the typical stable atmospheric boundary layer can help further understand energy and moisture exchanges. Plain Language Summary: The sky‐condition over Antarctica can be cloudy, clear, or characterized by blowing snow (BLSN) which is a phenomenon where snow is lifted, sometimes up to few hundreds of meters, and transported across the continent by winds. Knowing the impact of clouds and BLSN on the surface and the atmospheric boundary layer, which is the lower portion of the atmosphere that is directly linked to the surface, is crucial for understanding Antarctic climate. Dome C, an elevated dome‐shaped peak in East Antarctica, is chosen to study these impacts. In this location, an investigation covering a 3 year period using satellite observations and in situ measurements reveals that clouds can warm the surface and atmospheric boundary layer by increasing the downwelling longwave radiation. BLSN is accompanied by relatively stronger winds, and the wind‐driven atmospheric turbulence tends to weaken the strong positive temperature gradient in the atmospheric boundary layer, which is known as the temperature inversion. Temperature inversions are common at Dome C, and are most intense in the fall and winter seasons during which time they seemingly restrict the atmospheric turbulence and BLSN layer depth to a few tens to several tens of meters. Key Points: Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations and co‐located in situ observations allow study of cloud and blowing snow (BLSN) impacts on Antarctic atmosphereAt Dome C, clouds abate surface longwave radiative cooling losses, causing warming in all seasonsBLSN, accompanied by intense winds, weakens the temperature inversion, and is vertically restricted by strong background stability [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]