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This article presents abstracts of papers presented at the Nineteenth Annual Meeting of The Society for Psychophysiological Research held in Cincinnati, Ohio on October 18-21, 1979. As in recent years, the majority of the research reports were given and discussed informally at two Science Fairs, on October 18 and 20. In addition, research reports were presented at two traditional paper sessions and others were included in the Display and Discussion poster session which ran in tandem with the meetings. Several symposia, invited addresses, and workshops were also included in this year's program.

This article announces the 2009 Annual Meeting for the "Journal of Finance," which will be held in San Francisco, California, from January 3, 2009 to January 5, 2009, the results of the 2008 election, which includes Jeremy Stein, Darrell Duffie, and John Cochrane, and that the AFA and the Department of Finance at Ohio State University have entered into a joint venture to maintain and enhance the finance faculty directory held on the OSU Web site.

ABSTRACT The Ballona Creek Estuary (BCE) in Los Angeles, California, is in a highly urbanized watershed, is contaminated by a variety of chemicals, and has prevalent sediment toxicity. Sediment cleanup targets for BCE have been established for Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, chlordane, DDTs, PCBs, and PAHs, based on sediment quality guidelines. A sediment toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) was conducted to examine how these targets corresponded to toxicity observed with the estuarine amphipod Eohaustorius estuarius. Whole sediment and porewater TIEs were used to identify the cause of toxicity. Passive samplers were deployed to determine the bioavailable fraction of contaminants. Spiked sediment tests were conducted to determine the thresholds of toxicity for selected constituents. Toxicity was found to be widespread but temporally and spatially variable. Whole sediment and porewater TIEs both indicated pyrethroid pesticides were the most likely contaminant group contributing to the toxicity. Concentrations of the chemicals listed for cleanup were found to often exceed target values but were not observed at concentrations likely to cause toxicity. Bioavailable fractions of the target chemicals quantified using passive samplers did not exceed toxicity thresholds. Spiked sediment tests established 10 day LC50s for 4,4′ DDE, 4, 4′ DDT, α-chlordane, and cyfluthrin at >3050 μg/g, 266 μg/g, >2120 μg/g, and 0.33 μg/g organic carbon (OC), respectively. The cyfluthrin LC50 was within the range of concentrations observed in the estuary sediments, but LC50s for the other 3 chemicals were orders of magnitude greater than observed levels. The combination of TIE, sediment chemistry and the results from spiked sediment exposures indicate pyrethroid pesticides are more likely the cause of the observed toxicity than any of the contaminants targeted for cleanup. The results of this study indicate the importance of using a TIE approach to determine chemicals of concern and dose-response information to set cleanup targets, rather than using sediment quality guidelines. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2014;10:260-268. © 2013 SETAC [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents announcement regarding individuals and events in the finance industry including an obituary for finance Professor Michael J. Barclay at the William E. Simon Graduate School of Business Administration at the University of Rochester in Rochester, New York, the 2008 Annual Meeting with Professor Jeremy Stein from January 4, 2008 to January 6, 2008 in New Orleans, Louisiana, and a joint venture that was agreed upon by the AFA and the Department of Finance at Ohio State University, which will maintain, enhance, and

Sociologists define power as one party's capacity to influence another's action. Thus, power is a relational property of interpersonal interaction. However, its dynamics embed within institutions such as the church and the state. This paper explores power dynamics using a case study of the conflict between an Old Order Amish church and the civil law of Ohio. The church excommunicated a member for violating community rules. The member countered by suing the church in state court. We trace power within and across these spheres of influence, showing how each party defined the situation according to institutional vectors of power. While one might expect the state to possess greater power in this situation, we demonstrate that ultimately neither party had total power, and both lost to some extent. This case study identifies the importance of viewing power as interactional, dynamic, and contextual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID‐19 outbreaks in local communities can result in a drastic surge in demand for scarce resources such as mechanical ventilators. To deal with such demand surges, many hospitals (1) purchased large quantities of mechanical ventilators, and (2) canceled/postponed elective procedures to preserve care capacity for COVID‐19 patients. These measures resulted in a substantial financial burden to the hospitals and poor outcomes for non‐COVID‐19 patients. Given that COVID‐19 transmits at different rates across various regions, there is an opportunity to share portable healthcare resources to mitigate capacity shortages triggered by local outbreaks with fewer total resources. This paper develops a novel data‐driven adaptive robust simulation‐based optimization (DARSO) methodology for optimal allocation and relocation of mechanical ventilators over different states and regions. Our main methodological contributions lie in a new policy‐guided approach and an efficient algorithmic framework that mitigates critical limitations of current robust and stochastic models and make resource‐sharing decisions implementable in real‐time. In collaboration with epidemiologists and infectious disease doctors, we give proof of concept for the DARSO methodology through a case study of sharing ventilators among regions in Ohio and Michigan. The results suggest that our optimal policy could satisfy ventilator demand during the first pandemic's peak in Ohio and Michigan with 14% (limited sharing) to 63% (full sharing) fewer ventilators compared to a no sharing strategy (status quo), thereby allowing hospitals to preserve more elective procedures. Furthermore, we demonstrate that sharing unused ventilators (rather than purchasing new machines) can result in 5% (limited sharing) to 44% (full sharing) lower expenditure, compared to no sharing, considering the transshipment and new ventilator costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fast and rigorous well performance evaluation is made possible by new solutions of the pressure diffusion equation. The derived Gaussian pressure transient (GPT) solutions can be practically formulated as a decline curve analysis (DCA) equation for history matching of historic well rates to then forecast the future well performance and estimate the remaining reserves. Application in rate transient analysis (RTA) mode is also possible to estimate fracture half-lengths. Because GPT solutions are physics-based, these can be used for production forecasting as well as in reservoir simulation mode (by computing the spatial and temporal pressure gradients everywhere in the reservoir section drained by either an existing or a planned well). The present paper focuses on the physics-based production forecasting of so-called "unruly" wells, which at first seem to have production behavior noncompliant with any DCA curve. Four shale wells (one from the Utica, Ohio; one from the Eagle Ford Formation, East Texas; and two from the Wolfcamp Formation, West Texas) are analyzed in detail. Physics-based adjustments are made to the Gaussian DCA history matching process, showing how the production rate of these wells is fully compliant with the rate implied by the hydraulic diffusivity of the reservoir sections where these wells drain from. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NGWA's Groundwater Week 2023 will take place in Las Vegas, Nevada, from December 5 to 7. The event will feature extended learning sessions on topics such as aquifer recharge, PFAS in groundwater, resistivity for water resources, and more. NGWA has also announced the recipients of its 2023 Awards of Excellence, Outstanding Groundwater Project Awards, and Sectional Awards. In addition, NGWA Director of Science and Technology William Alley and editor-in-chief of Groundwater® Leonard Konikow have participated in the Water Resources Podcast to discuss groundwater issues. NGWA has published a white paper on tracking point source pollution conveyed through groundwater to surface water. The Groundwater Foundation has launched a grant program called Water Well Wish, which aims to provide funding for low-income individuals to repair or replace private water wells. NGWA has joined the Tomorrow's Workforce Coalition to support the passage of the Freedom to Invest in Tomorrow's Workforce Act, which would expand qualifying expenses for 529 college saving plans. NGWA has also started a geothermal retrofit at its headquarters in Ohio. [Extracted from the article]

This paper uses both an ARIMA transfer-function intervention model and a panel data analysis to examine the effect of the Ohio deposit insurance crisis in 1985 on the pricing of six-month retail certificates of deposit (CDs) for federally-insured Ohio banks and savings and loans. Adjusting for pricing reactions due to changes in market rates, we find a significant, unanticipated rise in CD-rate premiums on the initial event week of the crisis that continued for approximately seven weeks. Consistent with a contingent insurance guarantee hypothesis, rate premiums are found to be risk based. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents an abstract of the study `Comparisons of Population Structure in Ohio's Late Archaic and Late Prehistoric Periods' by Nancy E. Tatarek and Paul W. Sciulli.

Natural fractures affect both the oil recovery from the enhanced oil recovery (EOR) process and the associated CO2 storage during and after EOR. The main objective of this study is to evaluate two performance parameters: (1) oil recovery during CO2 and water alternating gas (WAG) injection, and (2) CO2 storage, during and after EOR, in a fractured oil reservoir of the Appalachian basin. While previous studies have shown the potential of CO2‐EOR to enhance oil recovery in the Appalachian basin, this work investigates WAG performance in comparison to continuous CO2‐EOR. A compositional numerical modeling approach was used to quantify the incremental oil recovery stemming from incorporating natural fractures. History matching of primary production and CO2 huff‐and‐puff pilot test for a well producing from a depleted oil field in Ohio was used to assign the fracture network parameters in the dual continuum model. The scenarios modeled include continuous CO2 and WAG injection under two injection pore volumes. Each scenario is followed by a CO2 storage phase. These simulations help evaluate the performance of different scenarios in terms of oil recovery and CO2 storage. Simulation results show how oil recovery and CO2 storage vary significantly as a function of operational parameters. The results also show the amount of CO2 stored during WAG injection is significantly lower than that stored during the storage phase at the end of oil recovery. In addition, the operational parameters during WAG affect the amount of CO2 stored at the end of following storage phase. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article outlines an undergraduate student research experience program in business education and operation management at University of Dayton in Ohio. The goal of the program is to infuse an attitude of lifelong learning, to sharpen students' objectivity, to enhance their ability to search and filter relevant information, and to improve their writing and oral presentation skills.

The article presents 2013 news on the American Society for Information Science& Technology. The society's interest group on international information issues is holding its 13th international paper competition for authors from developing countries. Society member Chirag Shah received a $273,000 grant from the IMLS Laura Bush 21st Century Librarian Early Careers program. Society member Tomas Lipinski was appointed director of the School of Library and Information Science at Kent State University.

Recently, the study of children has played an important role in the development of bioarchaeology. Particularly, researchers have long been concerned with the timing of growth and development and with childhood morbidity and mortality. These studies have helped to drive the field of bioarchaeology forward by elucidating the effects of culture on biological variation, including health, fertility, and, ultimately, human evolution. Building on this progress, recent works have called for further theoretical and methodological development in bioarchaeological studies of children, specifically developments that further the understanding of the social roles of children as simultaneously active and vulnerable social agents across temporal and cultural space. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the utility of adult paleopathology in the identification of culturally meaningful stages of childhood social development and the entanglement of vulnerability and agency. To meet this aim, we will present a case study of a late‐prehistoric Erie woman who likely suffered from Legg‐Calvé‐Perthes disease of the hip. We argue that the timing and aetiology of Perthes disease are consistent with the practice of agricultural activities by about age seven, and possibly, with a shift in social responsibilities at this time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Systems modelling of health issues enriches analysis of health care policies by exploring interdependencies among system components. Considering a wide range of stakeholder behavior is a requisite for developing a useful model. Our paper shows how to systematically identify stakeholder behavior, formulate them in a model and test their impact on health outcomes. Stakeholder behavior are explained in the context of a simulation‐based analysis of infant mortality in Ohio. Using group model building techniques, we identify three levels of stakeholder behavior—individual, organizational and policy behaviors—and discuss how these behaviors are reflected in the model formulation and drive the key health outcomes. Specifically, we show how individual and policy behaviors are formulated to examine their influence on the impact of progesterone therapy—one of the interventions identified in the group model building session—on infant mortality. We conclude with recommendations for incorporating diverse stakeholder perspectives in systems modelling of health issues. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effort to provide more long-term care in community-based settings has caused an expansion in the supply of assisted living beds, yet little is known about the interrelationship between this expansion and nursing home quality. This paper studies data from the State of Ohio to determine if nursing home market structure and the expansion in the supply of assisted living beds impact the quality of care provided by nursing homes. The findings suggest that nursing home quality can be lower in markets with a greater supply of nursing homes. Further, assisted living facility market structure is found to have a mixed effect on nursing home quality. The results of this paper suggest a need for a more integrated approach to regulating long-term care providers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This paper expands the literature on agglomeration economies in three ways. It disentangles amenity and productivity effects of agglomeration; it decomposes aggregate scale effects into agglomeration factors of interest to policy makers; and it estimates own effects and spillovers to neighbors. It proposes a spatial simultaneous equations model in a spatial equilibrium framework with three agents-workers, consumers, and producers of traded-goods and housing. Results for Ohio counties estimate economies resulting from population size, agglomeration causes, and public service quality and cost on each of the three agents in own and neighboring counties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates intra-urban population and employment shifts over 1980–2000, using the Cincinnati Metropolitan Area as a case study. Population and employment are disaggregated by ethnicity (White, Black, Others) and industry (10 sectors) to better capture different location behaviors. Inter-industry relationships are considered when constructing accessibility variables. Additional diversity, locational and socio-economic variables are included. A location-specific index of air quality is also considered, as a proxy for environmental quality. A structural equation model is specified to account for the dynamic interactions between populations, activities, and air quality. The results reveal strong interactions between ethnic groups, confirm the existence of agglomeration effects, and suggest that diversity has positive effects on both firms and households in both periods (1980–1990 and 1990–2000). For firms, better access to their potential customers and employees is more important than better access to their input–output sectors. Better air quality attracts population, which in turn worsens it. The results reveal changing dynamics, from 1980–1990 to 1990–2000, for different population and activity groups, and suggest that overall, firm location behaviors are more stable than household behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the second of two linked papers which explores coherent and incoherent narratives emerging from Cleveland. It draws a parallel between the disrupted narratives of child and adult survivors of child sexual abuse and professional and societal narratives of Cleveland. The paper looks at the therapeutic task of individual repair using attachment-based therapy, illustrated by clinical examples. It identifies five key challenges relevant to repair in the interpersonal, intra-personal and societal domains. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a historical case study of efforts to implement and sustain “outcomes based funding” in a large United Way system in Central Ohio. The case study describes how community practitioners employed specific strategies to promote sustainability. The use of these strategies corresponds to several techniques suggested in the sustainability literature. This case study is offered as a means of considering how practitioners helped sustain the shift to outcomes based funding within the United Way system. In addition, this case study demonstrates how skills related to implementation and sustainability might be transferred to other situations where practitioners are interested in promoting change within large organizations and/or communities. The authors suggest that skills related to implementation and sustainability are essential to community practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides an opportunity to consider the concept of community practice from the vantage point of community psychology. The author argues that community psychology has significant potential to change organizations, communities, and other settings to benefit setting occupants. However, it is the author's contention that the full realization of this potential is contingent upon an organized effort to engage in formal community practice. The author defines community practice in terms of four skill sets related to mobilization, planning, implementation, and evaluation. The author also describes settings that might support community practice and discusses implications for training and the field of community psychology in general. Finally, the author illustrates several community practice skills and roles in the context of a local community-based initiative in Ohio called Partnerships for Success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Little is known about the preconception/interconception health and behaviors of reproductive-age women in the rural Midwest of the United States. The purpose of this study was to quantify preconception/interconception health status and to identify disparities compared with statewide estimates., Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we collected data on 12 health conditions and behaviors that are risk factors for adverse maternal and infant health outcomes from nonpregnant women ages 18-45 years in rural northwestern Ohio. Statistical tests were used to identify associations between selected demographic characteristics and a subset of eight high-priority health measures (smoking, diabetes, heavy alcohol use, folic acid intake, normal weight, sufficient physical activity, and effective contraception use); all but physical activity could be compared with Ohio estimates derived from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and Ohio Pregnancy Assessment Survey., Results: Three hundred-fifteen women participated, with 98.4% reporting at least one high-priority risk factor. Statistically significant differences were identified among subpopulations related to smoking, folic acid, normal weight, sufficient physical activity, and effective contraception use. In addition, the proportion of participants reporting hypertension (P < 0.001), smoking (P < 0.001), abnormal weight (P = 0.002), and lack of daily folic acid intake (P = 0.006) were statistically significantly higher than expected based on statewide estimates., Conclusions: Women in the rural Midwest of the United States are at risk for poor health and pregnancy outcomes. Statewide estimates tracking preconception/interconception health status may obscure variation for at-risk groups, particularly in rural or underserved areas. These findings illustrate the need for interventions to advance preconception/interconception health and improve methods to capture and analyze data for rural women., (© 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

This paper provides results of a longitudinal study of 27 mentally ill prison inmates who were released from Ohio state prisons in 1994-1996. The object of this paper is to test the hypothesis that subjects who receive better social support will experience more positive social adjustment, higher quality of life, and lower recidivism. Subjects, identified by prison staff, were interviewed and given independent psychological evaluations shortly before their release. They were then interviewed repeatedly during the first year after their release from prison about many aspects of social adjustment. Social support, provided both in and after release from prison, was associated with higher quality of life after release from prison. Social support provided in either context, however, was not significantly related to criminal recidivism or psychiatric hospitalization after release from prison. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Miscanthus × giganteus (miscanthus) is considered a beneficial biomass energy crop because of its carbon (C) sequestration potential and low fertilizer requirements, but few studies in the United States have measured long‐term C sequestration of miscanthus on suboptimal agricultural lands over a decadal scale, and none have been conducted in southeast Ohio. The objective of this study was to measure the soil C sequestration on abandoned agricultural land with a miscanthus crop that is harvested annually, the long‐term changes in plant and soil nitrogen (N), and the photosynthetic capacity in the tenth year of growth. This study was conducted over a 10‐year period from 2013 through 2023. A significant amount of C was accumulated in the soil (p < 0.05) and the mean C sequestration rates were 0.83 and 1.37 Mg C ha−1 year−1 at two different sites. The amount of C accumulated in the miscanthus plots by the tenth year was also greater than soil C in unmanaged grassland soils, but the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). There was no statistically significant change in the amount of N found in soil and plants over 10 years (p > 0.05), but the variability in plant N was greater in some years relative to others. Even though miscanthus was grown without N fertilizers in this study, soil N at 0–30 cm depth was not depleted over 10 years of crop management. The photosynthetic capacity of miscanthus measured in this study indicated that the plants were thriving after 10 years, and C assimilation for growth was consistent with the findings of prior work that evaluated the maximum photosynthetic rates of this species. The combination of significant soil C sequestration, sustained soil N, and high photosynthetic rates has important implications for the sustainability of miscanthus as a biomass crop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is motivated from a retrospective study of the impact of vitamin D deficiency on the clinical outcomes for critically ill patients in multi-center critical care units. The primary predictors of interest, vitamin D2 and D3 levels, are censored at a known detection limit. Within the context of generalized linear mixed models, we investigate statistical methods to handle multiple censored predictors in the presence of auxiliary variables. A Bayesian joint modeling approach is proposed to fit the complex heterogeneous multi-center data, in which the data information is fully used to estimate parameters of interest. Efficient Monte Carlo Markov chain algorithms are specifically developed depending on the nature of the response. Simulation studies demonstrate the outperformance of the proposed Bayesian approach over other existing methods. An application to the data set from the vitamin D deficiency study is presented. Possible extensions of the method regarding the absence of auxiliary variables, semiparametric models, as well as the type of censoring are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summarizes the proceedings of the papers from papers on Cryptosporidium research presented at the VIII International Workshop on Opportunistic Protists in Ohio. Presentation of paper on therapeutic agents with promising anticryptosporidial activities; Epidemiology and environmental methods discussed; Discussion on scientific fronts during the meeting.

Background Colorectal cancer represents a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in Appalachia where high mortality from colorectal cancer is more prevalent. Adherence to treatment guidelines leads to improved survival. This paper examines determinants of guideline concordance for colorectal cancer. Methods Colorectal cancer patients diagnosed in 2006-2008 from 4 cancer registries (Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and North Carolina) were linked to Medicare claims (2005-2009). Final sample size after exclusions was 2,932 stage I-III colon, and 184 stage III rectal cancer patients. The 3 measures of guideline concordance include adjuvant chemotherapy (stage III colon cancer, <80 years), ≥12 lymph nodes assessed (resected stage I-III colon cancer), and radiation therapy (stage III rectal cancer, <80 years). Bivariate and multivariate analyses with clinical, sociodemographic, and service provider covariates were estimated for each of the measures. Results Rates of chemotherapy, lymph node assessment, and radiation were 62.9%, 66.3%, and 56.0%, respectively. Older patients had lower rates of chemotherapy and radiation. Five comorbidities were significantly associated with lower concordance in the bivariate analyses: myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, respiratory diseases, dementia with chemotherapy, and diabetes with adequate lymph node assessment. Patients treated by hospitals with no Commission on Cancer (COC) designation or lower surgical volumes had lower odds of adequate lymph node assessment. Conclusions Clinical, sociodemographic, and service provider characteristics are significant determinants of the variation in guideline concordance rates of 3 colorectal cancer measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Retrospective and cross-sectional studies have suggested a bidirectional relationship between migraine and mood disturbance. Objective The present prospective daily diary study examined the prevalence and temporal associations between migraine and daily mood, mood and next-day headache, and headache and next-day mood. Methods Sixty-nine children (50 females, 19 males) between the ages of 7 and 12 years and their parents attending neurology clinic appointments and having a diagnosis of migraine as defined by International Headache Classification 2nd edition criteria completed measures on the quality of life, headache disability, child emotions, and child behaviors. Children and parents then recorded children's headache occurrence, headache duration, headache severity, mood, daily hassles, and medication use on paper diaries once a day for 2 consecutive weeks. 'Mood' was defined using the Facial Affective Scale, which is a visual representation of negative and positive affect. Data were analyzed using multilevel models. Results Controlling for age, sex, quality of life, headache disability, and medication use, worse mood was associated with same-day occurrence, longer duration, and more severe headache in both child and parent report. Today's mood was not consistently associated with next-day headache, and today's headache was not associated with next-day mood in either child or parent report. Conclusions Results of this study lend support to a complex relationship between mood and headache in children with migraine. More research is needed to further elucidate the temporal nature of this relationship within a given day and over an extended period of time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Airborne particulate matter samples were collected during biosolids applications in the summer 2009. The biosolids were applied with the injection method. The major emphasis of the analysis was on providing in depth information such as size, shape, morphology, and chemical composition of different particles collected before, during, and after land application of biosolids. A significant correlation was observed between sampling stages and size distribution of particles. Particles with larger diameter (> 10 μm) during the application stage were observed to be very high. The particle shape analysis identified particles as polygons and spherical in shape as defined by the shape factor. There was a significant increase in agglomerates and floccules for the application stage. The elemental composition of particles obtained by energy dispersive spectroscopy spectra suggests that the particles collected contained elements such as C, O, Na, Mg, Al, Si, S, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, and Zn. It was observed that Cr, Pb, P, Cd, and Mn were present only in particles collected during the application stage and were not detected during the pre-application stage or the post-application stage. Presence of these elements during the application stage could be attributed to the biosolids application. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 32: 325-334, 2013 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objectives As a result of their involvement in a campus health fair, the authors of this paper became interested in the extent to which other academic libraries were engaged in health information outreach ( HIO). The authors present the results of a nationwide survey they conducted in 2010 and share a specific example of HIO at their own institution. Methods The authors conducted an online survey of approximately 1700 U. S. general academic and academic health science libraries with the objective to create a broad picture of HIO activity and its context within patron information-seeking behavior. Results The survey yielded a 21% response rate. Nearly 55% of all respondents indicated that their libraries did not participate in HIO, while 37% indicated that they did. Other responses yielded information on patron usage patterns concerning health information, specific types of HIO that libraries are involved in, and barriers to library involvement in HIO. Conclusions As libraries' traditional roles and information delivery methods evolve, librarians must do more to provide services that are relevant and accessible to users. Even as virtual services become more commonplace, librarians involved in HIO should consider also increasing their visibility by collaborating with others on campus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a panel of 609 Ohio school districts from 1990 to 2008, this paper investigates the effects of school district income tax on operating property tax revenue. After correcting for endogeneity, the results do indicate a substitution effect that lowers the property tax levy. Despite reduced property taxes, greater income taxation is mostly to increase total revenues. By how much total revenues increase varies widely depending on the relative and absolute sizes of property and income taxes. We also find that school districts were able to increase the amount of the property tax by a greater amount than nonadopting districts in the years following the adoption of income taxes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT The purpose of this paper is to explore the impacts of extra-local economic and political forces on the business community participants of the governing regime coalition in Akron, Ohio, and in turn, how other regime partners responded to and engaged with the changing constitution of Akron's business community. Unlike the UK where municipalities receive substantial fiscal support from regional and national governments, American cities are more readily forced into regime partnerships with other public and private actors for fiscal solvency, including, primarily, the local business community. In the case of Akron, the local business community experienced a prolonged and ongoing period of comprehensive deindustrialization and economic restructuring, forcing the city into partnerships with less traditional non-private sector actors as Akron's business community structure continues to transform. A secondary objective is to forward the utility of social network analysis in regime theory applications. Social network analysis offers a way to situate arguably the most influential actors in a regime coalition. Utilizing the directories of Standard and Poor's Index of Corporations and Directors from 1975 through 2006, social network analysis is performed on the interlocking network of corporations and civic organizations based in Akron for each decade, allowing a longitudinal view of the changing business community partners of Akron's governing coalition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper employs a hazard model to analyse the impact of education and two types of prison employment programmes on recidivism over a ten-year period for 4515 prisoners released from Ohio prisons in 1992. Estimations with a Weibull mixture model and propensity score approach provide two means for investigating self-selection bias. Selection bias is detected for participation in the most common prison job programme but has little effect on estimated marginal savings impacts of prison industry and education programmes. Estimates of the cost savings from postponing return to prison due to programme participation are provided. The potential for cost savings through decreasing or delaying return to prison is an important finding given the substantial and increasing cost of incarceration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides the opportunity to consider local challenges to implementing science-based programs. Wandersman et al. (American Journal of Community Psychology 2008) define three systems necessary to effectively implement science-based programming. These systems include the Prevention Support System, which is responsible for assisting communities in implementing effective practices; the Prevention Research System, which is responsible for developing and packaging prevention programming; and the Prevention Delivery System, which is responsible for delivering services. The authors conduct a content analysis related to six county level efforts to implement science-based programs in Ohio. These counties are part of a larger Ohio initiative referred to as Partnerships for Success. The authors suggest that local officials are quite skilled at accessing the Prevention Research System and providers at the local level represent an effective service delivery system. The authors contend that the Prevention Support System in these counties is capable of enhancing several functions related to local infrastructure but is deficient in other important elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents abstracts of papers for the American Association of Physical Anthropologists' conference slated in April 2008 in Columbus, Ohio is presented. The article presents abstracts of papers for the American Association of Physical Anthropologists' conference slated in April 2008 in Columbus, Ohio is presented.

This classroom note describes the lessons I learned from the use of formal debates during the two semesters I taught “Paul and Early Christianity” to undergraduates at a liberal arts college in Ohio. The purpose of the course was primarily to give students the exegetical skills to understand Paul in his own context. The secondary purpose was to help students understand the role that exegetical differences play in different moral and theological uses of Paul. I found that the debates helped students understand the controversial nature of biblical exegesis, to read the course material carefully, to develop clear arguments, and to empathize with different points of view. The debates also entailed certain problems, some of which were hindrances that needed to be corrected. However, some apparent problems actually turned out to be teaching opportunities and even served as their own solutions. Appendices, including the course syllabus and debate questions and readings, can be found at: [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the economics of the independent dental hygiene practice. Using historical data from dental practices in Cincinnati, Ohio, we developed a business model for an independent hygiene practice. We tested the sensitivity of the model to variations in key assumptions (initial capitalization, interest, employee salary, and owner's draw). We described the profitability on the basis of the breakeven point. Under the most permissive regulatory and financial environment, the practice would breakeven after 26 months. However, the owner would not equal the earnings of a salaried hygienist until the initial loan is paid off after 7 years. The model was not sensitive to 20 percent changes in the key assumptions. Under ideal circumstances, an independent hygiene practice could be profitable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

State and local economic development efforts have grown during the last three decades in the United States. Some public incentives for companies may be effective, including those for high unemployment areas; others may be wasteful, especially if they retain corporations that merely threaten to leave. As companies increasingly expect incentives, however, governments find themselves in a ‘race to the bottom’– the only way to remain competitive is to offer more. Having identified arguments for and against incentives, this paper considers the prospects for addressing wasteful competition, including, in the absence of Congressional action, the US Supreme Court's application of the Commerce Clause to strike down incentives that discriminate against interstate commerce. A review of a lawsuit challenging the constitutionality of incentives for the DaimlerChrysler Toledo Jeep plant finds that the Commerce Clause is not a solution for wasteful competition. Another model to consider is the European Union's regulation of incentives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some local governments face fiscal challenges due to mismanagement and declining economies. In particular, manufacturing states like Michigan and Ohio have been hard hit by the effects of international competition. To prevent fiscal distress from becoming a crisis, states exercise oversight over local government fiscal management. The three bond rating agencies consider the North Carolina oversight system a model. This paper discusses the North Carolina oversight system, including audit review, technical assistance, debt issuance, and power to take over the financial operations of distressed local units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Authors from New York present their experience with exclusively anteriorly located prostate cancers and compare them to those located only in the posterior part of the prostate. In this very large series, they found that the former group had lower Gleason grades and lower rates of extraprostatic extension. In a paper from Cleveland, USA, the authors evaluate the rates of local and systemic progression, recurrence-free survival and overall survival for patients with bladder carcinoma after limited pelvic lymph node dissection. In keeping with other reports where extended pelvic lymph node dissection was used, these authors reported decreased rates of survival with the limited dissection. OBJECTIVE To identify the clinical characteristics of anterior prostate cancers (APCs) and to compare these with posterior prostate cancers (PPCs). PATIENTS AND METHODS We reviewed 1290 consecutive open and laparoscopic radical prostatectomies (RPs) at the authors’ institution from January 2000 to March 2004. Prostates were processed using a whole-mount technique. Each surgical specimen was reviewed by one pathologist, and tumour areas were marked, measured and mapped. Positive surgical margins (PSMs) were defined as the presence of cancer cells at the inked surface of the specimen. Specimens were then categorized by the location of their dominant tumour, i.e. pure anterior, anterior > posterior, posterior > anterior, or pure posterior. We compared the clinical and pathological characteristics of 259 patients in the pure-anterior group with the 594 in the pure-posterior group. RESULTS Before RP, APCs had a significantly lower biopsy Gleason score (78% vs 68% with Gleason 4–6), fewer mean biopsy cores positive (2.0 vs 2.6), a smaller median percentage of positive cores (17% vs 26%), lower clinical stage (T1 in 79% vs 62%), and higher progression-free probability estimated by preoperative nomogram (86% vs 84%) than PPCs. Patients with APCs also had more previous negative biopsy sessions. The pathological analysis of RP specimens showed that those with APCs had higher tumour volume (1.6 vs 0.83 mL) and had a higher PSM rate (12% vs 7%) than those with PPCs, despite specimens with PPCs having higher rates of extraprostatic extension (10% vs 19%). CONCLUSIONS APCs have lower Gleason grade and lower rates of extraprostatic extension, yet patients with anterior tumours have higher overall tumour volumes and higher PSM rates. Because current tools for detecting and staging prostate cancer can underestimate the extent of anterior prostate disease, improved methods are needed for localizing and characterizing anterior cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stock-recruit models typically use only spawning stock size as a predictor of recruitment to a fishery. In this paper, however, we used spawning stock size as well as larval density and key environmental variables to predict recruitment of white crappies Pomoxis annularis and black crappies P. nigromaculatus, a genus notorious for variable recruitment. We sampled adults and recruits from 11 Ohio reservoirs and larvae from 9 reservoirs during 1998-2001. We sampled chlorophyll as an index of reservoir productivity and obtained daily estimates of water elevation to determine the impact of hydrology on recruitment. Akaike's information criterion (AIC) revealed that Ricker and Beverton-Holt stock-recruit models that included chlorophyll best explained the variation in larval density and age-2 recruits. Specifically, spawning stock catch per effort (CPE) and chlorophyll explained 63-64% of the variation in larval density. In turn, larval density and chlorophyll explained 43-49% of the variation in age-2 recruit CPE. Finally, spawning stock CPE and chlorophyll were the best predictors of recruit CPE (i.e., 74-86%). Although larval density and recruitment increased with chlorophyll, neither was related to seasonal water elevation. Also, the AIC generally did not distinguish between Ricker and Beverton-Holt models. From these relationships, we concluded that crappie recruitment can be limited by spawning stock CPE and larval production when spawning stock sizes are low (i.e., CPE < 5 crappies/net-night). At higher levels of spawning stock sizes, spawning stock CPE and recruitment were less clearly related. To predict recruitment in Ohio reservoirs, managers should assess spawning stock CPE with trap nets and estimate chlorophyll concentrations. To increase crappie recruitment in reservoirs where recruitment is consistently poor, managers should use regulations to increase spawning stock size, which, in turn, should increase larval production and recruits to the fishery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1996, Chrysler announced plans to build a replacement plant within 50 miles of its existing Toledo Jeep facilities. In theory, this presented an opportunity for alternatives to expensive ‘all or nothing’ individual competition; in practice, Toledo and other governments in the northwest Ohio/southeast Michigan region entered into the usual cutthroat contest when transnational corporations solicit incentive offers from across the United States. Chrysler's desire to remain within the region provides a unique context for analysing the opportunities and challenges associated with regional co-operation as an alternative to individual competition. In investigating the extent to which localities can co-operate and reduce wasteful incentives, this paper also identifies how the opportunities for such co-operation are limited. The research highlights the need to better incorporate this kind of region – without internal political coherence despite locational proximity – into conceptualisations and empirical analyses of regional co-operation, particularly with respect to issues of scale and conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper summarizes the debate concerning the value of distance education, reports distance education experiences in agricultural economics courses at The Ohio State University, and analyzes the effects of “distance” on student performance in and acceptance of the distance course. Results suggest that distance and “live” students performed equally in the same course, and they evaluated the course experience in a similar manner. These results provide some assurance that distance education, at least using the two-way interactive synchronous learning model of the courses in this study, does not place the distant student in jeopardy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small systematic changes in loads or concentrations of water quality constituents are difficult to detect against the background of short term fluctuations ("noise") that result from weather and climate effects. Minimum Detectable Change Analysis (MDCA) uses prior knowledge of a water quality constituent to determine how much change must occur (e.g., from implementation of conservation practices) for the change to be statistically significant. In this paper we use MDCA to determine whether the goal of the Ohio Lake Erie Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program (CREP), to reduce sediment loads by an average of 6 percent over 10 years, a large enough change to be detected. We conclude that amount of change is unlikely to be detected as statistically significant, even with the high frequency sampling program planned for evaluating it. The minimum detectable change ranges from about 7 to 9 percent for three different rivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Major urban areas in the United States have undergone rapid shifts in their ethnic compositions. However, ethnic change is not limited to urban areas; rural areas, likewise, have witnessed substantial changes in recent decades. Scholarship, though, has paid minimal attention to the day–to–day lives of migrants in non–urban, and ethnically–homogenous, locations. And yet the ‘migrant experience’ is fundamentally different. Using Friedman’s concept of a ‘geographics of identity’, this paper provides insight into the day–to–day activities of two Filipinas as they adjust to living in rural northeast Ohio. Findings suggest that difficulties may accrue at a multitude of social scales, including tensions and contestations not only between Filipinas and non–Filipinas, but also among the Filipinas themselves. Moreover, the constant ‘becoming’ of identity is highlighted through their experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of variable rate seeding (VRS) enables soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] growers to allocate seed more efficiently on heterogeneous farmland and thus potentially increases profit by reducing seed cost and/or increasing yield. Successful implementation of VRS depends on the appropriate division of management zones where producers apply different seeding rates. We construct an economic conceptual model for evaluating the information conveyed by management zones. The model implies that distinct management zones should differ by marginal seed productivity when evaluated at the same seeding rate. Based on this model and a dataset collected from 10 on‐farm trials in Ohio and Michigan in 2017 and 2018, we implement a quadratic model regression analysis describing yield response to seeding rate. Results show that management zones in four out of 10 trials do not display statistically significant differences in marginal seed productivity. The small differences across management zones could result from the soybean plant's ability to compensate for yield due to fewer plants by increasing branches per plant and/or from inappropriately identified management zones. The estimated profit gains from applying VRS across the 10 trials vary from $0.20 to $30.60 ha−1. We also find that increasing seeding rate and mean yield decreases yield variability and yield skewness. Overall, the difference in marginal seed productivity is crucial for the appropriate determination of VRS management zones. Core Ideas: Successful implementation of VRS to increase profit requires management zones to differ by marginal seed productivity.For four out of 10 fields, VRS was unnecessary due to insignificant differences in marginal seed productivities.Increasing seeding rate and mean yield reduce yield variability and skew yield distribution leftward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Charter schools have become one of the most popular school choice programs in recent years. While being accused of endangering the fiscal health of local school districts, charter school proliferation could also be the result of fiscal stress of local school districts. However, this reverse causation has not been fully studied in the literature. Using data of local school districts in Ohio from 2011 to 2019, I adopt an Instrumental Variable approach to investigate the possible scenario that the rapid growth in charter school enrollment could be caused by fiscal stress of school districts. The results suggest that the inadequate funding from state and local sources had led to a significant increase in charter school enrollment for urban districts, although the charter demand is inelastic to public funding changes. Students could be left with no better options but to choose charter schools over failing traditional public schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]