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The archetype of the self underlies the ego-complex at its root and source in the unconscious. None of these assigns to the self the role that I feel to be so essential in the syndrome. SP 50-52 sp In regard to the method of study of these processes of the archaic, unconscious psyche in psychosis, I find myself baffled as to how to set up anything like a scientific approach to the material. In this hypothesis the model is easy to visualize but difficult to understand in terms of experience; the self is seen in this case as the center of the total psychic organism, and the ego is subsumed within this totality as the center of the field of consciousness only, that is, of contents accessible to consciousness; between the two are the autonomous complexes, which are groupings of contents not accessible to ego-consciousness (Figure 1). Reconstitutive process in the psychopathology of the self1: The following paper by J.W. Perry is published with permission from the Annals of the New York Academy of the Sciences where it was first published in January 1962. The imagery I refer to is a whole class of symbolic representations of centrality and organization, of order and highest authority; I hope to demonstrate that in these we see representations of the self and processes that transform or reorganize the self in the unconscious psyche. [Extracted from the article]

This article offers for inspection the proposition that the adversarial evidence-based litigation process is unsuitable for resolving custody cases in general and relocation cases in particular. It analyzes the leading cases from New York, Massachusetts, California, England, Canada, and Australia. It reaches a conclusion that no jurisdiction has devised a legal standard or formula that enables a judge to predict the future best interest of a child if that child is allowed to relocate with one parent away from the other. For this reason, the court has a duty to offer as sophisticated and friendly a settlement process and atmosphere as possible. However, knowing that judges will still be required to resolve these difficult cases because they often seem impervious to settlement, the article offers thirty-six factors that a court should consider in all move-away cases. By relying on each of these factors that is relevant to the case, the parents will have an understanding of why the decision was made the way it was and it will also allow for effective appellate review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article informs that the American Standards Association (ASA) approved on February 27, 1950 the American Standard Method for Determining Residual Thiosulfate and tetrathionate in Processed Photographic Papers sponsored by the Optical Society of America. The ASA classification is Z38.8.25-1950, and the UDC 77.023. The Standard contained in an eight page leaflet may be secured from the American Standards Association Inc., 70 East 45th Street, New York 17, New York, at a cost of $0.35 (thirty-five cents). From the same source a free list of all standards approved to date, including 142 dealing with photography, is available.

Structural robustness is a specific safety consideration which is currently addressed in modern codes and standards, including the Eurocodes. It requires particular care from all professionals involved in the construction industry. The need for practical guidelines to mitigate the risk of progressive collapse has been emphasised by recent catastrophic events such as the 9/11 terrorist attack in New‐York. The lack of consistent design rules for practitioners is however clearly identified in existing normative documents and literature. Accordingly, various research projects were launched, particularly in Europe through RFCS research projects. Thanks to these research activities, significant scientific background has been developed, with the aim of understanding and characterising the behaviour of steel and composite structures subjected to exceptional events such as impact, explosion, or loss of a bearing member. Nevertheless, there was a need to consolidate the available scientific knowledge and to transform it into a consistent set of practical recommendations in order to facilitate the design of steel and composite structures for robustness. This was the purpose of a recent RFCS project "FAILNOMORE" (grant No 899371) which was concluded in June 2022. A brief summary and discussion of the main outcomes of this project are provided in the present paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The key to generating tailored suggestions in the scenic location recommendation scene is how to model the diverse tourism environments in order to correctly acquire visitor preferences and scenic spot tourism features. However, most existing recommendation algorithms focus on the spatiotemporal background modeling of historical tourism trajectories. Only tourists' preferences are understood, and the rich heterogeneous tourism information such as tourists' personal tourism constraints and scenic spots' tourism attributes are ignored. In this paper, we proposed a multiple neural collaborative filtering attraction recommendation architecture (MNCF‐AR). To begin, we learn the tourism feature representation of tourists by modeling diverse tourism contexts, and then we create the tourism trajectory background of tourists using a large number of actual tourism logs to achieve the entire feature representation of tourists. Second, to learn the feature vector of scenic spots in the context, the tourism heterogeneous network map is used to build the scenic spot attribute background, the self‐attention network to learn the scenic spot sequence learning, and a neural network to project each scenic spot into a unified potential feature space. Finally, the multi‐neural collaborative filtering method is utilized to forecast the difference in scores between visitors and scenic sites so that tailored scenic spots may be recommended. Extensive experiments on mainstream datasets, such as MaFengwo, New York, Tokyo and Xi'an, show that the proposed method can effectively and accurately recommend attractions for users. © 2023 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on conversion clause in the United States. American monetary history is full of strange happenings and queer events beginning with the resolution of Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1690 explaining the issue of the first paper money. It referred to "the sundry considerable debts" which had been contracted "for maintaining their Majesties" interests against hostile invasions of their French and Indian enemies," the actual fact being that the colony had sent an expedition against Quebec in the expectation that plunder would pay the costs thereof. It is true that the highest prices at which the five-twenty bonds sold on the New York market never exceeded 14 points above par in 1864 and 12 points above in 1865, whereas at the same time the premiums on gold were in the ranges 77-85 and 98-105, respectively. In the years following the war the gap between the premium on the bonds and on gold steadily narrowed. By late 1869 the gap had disappeared and from 1870 on the advantage clearly lay with the bonds, their market premium over par persistently exceeding the gold premium. Senator John Sherman pointed out on the floor of the Senate, March 6, 1876, that even the government's 5 per cent bonds had been "at par with gold for the past five years" while the greenbacks had been "from 6 to 22 per cent below gold."

Urban traffic demand forecasting is an important component in the implementation of intelligent transport systems (ITS). Urban traffic demand data is a spatiotemporal data, describing the amount of traffic demand generated by different areas or stations within a city along the time dimension. Although there has been considerable research work, researchers still face several challenges in predicting accurately, including the capture of hidden features in the temporal dimension of such spatiotemporal data, and the capture of dynamic dependent changes in the spatial dimension. These are even more difficult for long‐time series prediction tasks. This paper designs a multivariate temporal forecasting model specifically adapted to traffic demand to address these challenges, called the Gated Spatiotemporal Graph Attention Network (GSTGAT). GSTGAT is based on the Transformer framework and the whole model is used in an end‐to‐end manner. First of all, it uses the gated self‐attention to extract temporal features in the sequence. Secondly, graph attention is used to capture the spatial dependencies among different variables in the unstructured space. Finally, the use of gated recurrent units in combination with hidden spatial states is proposed to capture multiple levels of spatial dependencies. Experimental results on the taxi dataset in New York and the bicycle dataset in San Francisco Bay Area show that the authors' proposed model outperforms other state‐of‐the‐art models and improves the prediction accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kain's spatial mismatch hypothesis (SMH) (1968) highlights the segregation of Black population in the inner city as well as the decentralization of jobs, both of which played a role in the poor labor market outcomes for Black residents in the inner city. Demographic and economic changes in U.S. metropolitan areas since the late 20th century have transformed the urban spatial structure. This paper aims to revisit the SMH and investigate whether the spatial pattern of mismatch has changed as a result of geographic shifts in the Black population. This paper specifically examines how the suburbanization of the Black population has affected the geographic patterns of mismatch and whether the mismatch is disappearing in the major U.S. metropolitan areas. Using spatial measures of mismatch, this paper presents intra‐metropolitan spatial mismatch patterns that capture the clustering of jobs and the Black population based on their relative distributions, showing that the overall level of spatial mismatch declined in major U.S. metropolitan areas between 2000 and 2015. However, geographical evidence reveals that the spatial mismatch has shifted to the outer suburbs, replicating city‐suburb spatial inequality, implying that although mismatch may have declined in the inner city due to Black suburbanization, spatial mismatch continue to persist in U.S. metropolitan areas in Black suburbs. The findings also demonstrate that although spatial mismatch generally declined in the inner city, it increased in cities with high inner city polarization, particularly New York, Chicago, San Francisco, and Seattle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we argue that the roles of public policies concerning COVID‐19 can be better understood in light of the past discussions on the Great Inflation of the 1970s and the 1980s. Like the Phillips Curve in macroeconomics, the pandemic presents a trade‐off between economic activities and something undesirable, which is, in this case, infection. Like the Phillips Curve, this apparent output‐infection trade‐off is an elusive one and it is lost in the long run. Containing infections calls for decisive policy action. This paper shows that we could design a reaction function, which sets the level of economic activity as a function of the state of infection, in such a way that the possibility of an infection explosion would be eliminated. Our empirical analysis suggests that Tokyo, New York, and London since September 2020 do not satisfy this desirable property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents announcement regarding individuals and events in the finance industry including an obituary for finance Professor Michael J. Barclay at the William E. Simon Graduate School of Business Administration at the University of Rochester in Rochester, New York, the 2008 Annual Meeting with Professor Jeremy Stein from January 4, 2008 to January 6, 2008 in New Orleans, Louisiana, and a joint venture that was agreed upon by the AFA and the Department of Finance at Ohio State University, which will maintain, enhance, and

This paper proposes an alternative feminist understanding of maintenance by investigating the artistic practices and lived experiences of feminist artist Mierle Laderman Ukeles (b. 1939). Our main theoretical and empirical focus lies on maintenance, and we show how art and motherhood as productive connection points proffer different ways of perceiving, understanding, and practicing maintenance. By contextualizing our case within the historical backdrop of New York between the late 1960s and 1980s, we demonstrate how Ukeles's maintenance art proposes novel ways of perceiving the value of maintenance, from the maintenance performed by mothers to considerations of the broader societal implications of maintenance. Such alternative political understanding aligns with critiques of postfeminist societal discourse. We contend that Ukeles's art inspires a political shift in our thinking about maintenance, where maintenance is valued not solely for its indispensable and utilitarian attributes but also it's relational, emotional, and embodied qualities. This nuanced understanding requests visibility for maintenance and foregrounds “more‐than‐I,” agency, and continuity of life, thereby acknowledging the inherent value of the political dimensions of maintenance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: More than 20 million children in the United States lack access to primary health care. Practice Learning: Research shows that students with regular access to physical and mental health services have fewer absences, are more social, less likely to participate in risky behaviors, have improved focus and higher test scores. Implication For School Health Policy, Practice, And Equity: School‐based health centers (SBHCs) can be an important, valuable and viable health care delivery option to meet the full‐range of primary health care needs of students where they spend the majority of their wake hours, ie, in school. Children in rural and other underserved communities, as well as those underinsured, non‐insured, economically challenged, underserved, and the most vulnerable among us are especially at risk. Conclusions: This paper discusses the history, value, and importance of SBHCs from myriad perspectives, including physical and emotional wellbeing, academic and social success, and the promotion of a positive transition to adulthood. In addition, the authors' experiences that resulted in building the first SBHC in the Mid‐Hudson Valley Region of New York State are shared. These experiences form the foundation for creating an important roadmap for individuals and school leaders that are interested in bringing a SBHC to their school and district. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design of an efficient techno‐economic autonomous fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle (FCHEV) is a crucial challenge. This paper investigates the design of a near optimal PI controller for an automated FCHEV, where autonomy is expressed as efficient and robust tracking of a given reference speed trajectory without driver's intervention. An impartial comparison is introduced to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed metaheuristic‐based optimal controllers in enhancing the system dynamic performance. The comprehensive optimization performance indicator is considered as a function of the vehicle dynamic characteristics while determining the optimal controller gains. In this paper, the proposed effective up‐to‐date metaheuristic techniques are the grey wolf optimization (GWO) as well as the artificial bee colony (ABC). Using MATLABTM/Simulink, numerical simulations clearly illustrate the efficiency of near‐optimal gains in the optimized tuning methodologies and the fixed manual one in realizing adequate velocity tracking. The simulation results demonstrate the superiority of both ABC and GWO rather than the manual controller for driving cycles of high acceleration and deceleration levels. In absence of these latter, the manual defined gain controller is considered sufficient. Through a comprehensive sensitivity analysis, the robustness of both metaheuristic‐based controllers is verified under diverse driving cycles of different operation features and nature. Despite GWO results in better dynamic characteristics, the ABC provides more economical feature with about 1.5% compared to manual system in extra urban driving cycle. However, manual‐controller has the minimum fuel cost under the United States driving cycle developed by the environmental protection agency as a New York city cycle (US EPA NYCC) and urban driving cycle (ECE). Ecologically, electric vehicles have an environmentally friendly effect especially when driven with green hydrogen. Autonomous vehicles, involving velocity control systems, would raise car share and provide more comfort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The agency of interpreters has been kept out of view in human geography. This paper corrects this by focusing on embodied interpretation: bodies, freighted with their own relations, expectations, and experiences in the context of "emotionscapes," settings for emotional communication. Conceptually, "emotionscapes" enable the exploration of the potentiality of an emotion in its spatial setting. Emotionally expressive behaviour is a process of the emotion; a potentiality to be realised. Emotions are distinctively connected to specific sites and spaces. This potentiality shifts the analytical focus away from what emotion is to what emotion can do to the alteration or reproduction of relations. I argue that this is vitally important to understanding geopolitical exchange, that is, how global politics is made and remade. However, the potentiality of emotions is made more complicated when interpretive bodies are involved in geopolitical exchange. They are intrinsic to the relational fluxes, currents, and flows of emotion – its potentialities – they identify and relay emotionally laden language of others for others in geopolitical communication. They observe, relay, and mutate emotional potentiality in "emotionscapes." In doing so, they wrestle with more than just words. They seek to capture emotions and geopolitics between real‐life people in real places. Understanding their endeavour should challenge us therefore to [re]consider geopolitical exchange in "emotionscapes" and the mediatory and performative roles played by interpretive bodies in these spaces of geopolitical knowledge production. This is my key purpose in this paper. Underpinning the paper's conceptual ideas are qualitative data on the role of interpretive bodies in realising emotional potentialities in the "emotionscape" of the UN Security Council in New York, arguably the most high‐profile geopolitical institution. This paper provides a study of emotions and their capture in the UN Security Council through the new conceptual lens of "emotionscapes." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Malnutrition is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. Early detection is important for timely intervention. This paper assesses the ability of a machine learning screening tool (MUST‐Plus) implemented in registered dietitian (RD) workflow to identify malnourished patients early in the hospital stay and to improve the diagnosis and documentation rate of malnutrition. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted in a large, urban health system in New York City comprising six hospitals serving a diverse patient population. The study included all patients aged ≥ 18 years, who were not admitted for COVID‐19 and had a length of stay of ≤ 30 days. Results: Of the 7736 hospitalisations that met the inclusion criteria, 1947 (25.2%) were identified as being malnourished by MUST‐Plus‐assisted RD evaluations. The lag between admission and diagnosis improved with MUST‐Plus implementation. The usability of the tool output by RDs exceeded 90%, showing good acceptance by users. When compared pre‐/post‐implementation, the rate of both diagnoses and documentation of malnutrition showed improvement. Conclusion: MUST‐Plus, a machine learning‐based screening tool, shows great promise as a malnutrition screening tool for hospitalised patients when used in conjunction with adequate RD staffing and training about the tool. It performed well across multiple measures and settings. Other health systems can use their electronic health record data to develop, test and implement similar machine learning‐based processes to improve malnutrition screening and facilitate timely intervention. Key points/Highlights: Malnutrition is prevalent among hospitalised patients and frequently goes unrecognised, with the potential for severe sequelae. Accurate diagnosis, documentation and treatment of malnutrition have the potential of having a positive impact on morbidity rate, mortality rate, length of inpatient stay, readmission rate and hospital revenue. The tool's successful application highlights its potential to optimise malnutrition screening in healthcare systems, offering potential benefits for patient outcomes and hospital finances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New York City faces accelerating inundation risk from sea level rise, subsidence, and increasing storm intensity from natural and anthropogenic causes. Here we calculate a previously unquantified contribution to subsidence from the cumulative mass and downward pressure exerted by the built environment of the city. We enforce that load distribution in a multiphysics finite element model to calculate expected subsidence. Complex surface geology requires multiple rheological soil models to be applied; clay rich soils and artificial fill are calculated to have the highest post‐construction subsidence as compared with more elastic soils. Minimum and maximum calculated building subsidence ranges from 0 to 600 mm depending on soil/rock physical parameters and foundation modes. We compare modeled subsidence and surface geology to observed subsidence rates from satellite data (Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar and Global Positioning System). The comparison is complicated because the urban load has accumulated across a much longer period than measured subsidence rates, and there are multiple causes of subsidence. Geodetic measurements show a mean subsidence rate of 1–2 mm/year across the city that is consistent with regional post‐glacial deformation, though we find some areas of significantly greater subsidence rates. Some of this deformation is consistent with internal consolidation of artificial fill and other soft sediment that may be exacerbated by recent building loads, though there are many possible causes. New York is emblematic of growing coastal cities all over the world that are observed to be subsiding (Wu et al., 2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL098477), meaning there is a shared global challenge of mitigation against a growing inundation hazard. Plain Language Summary: As coastal cities grow globally, the combination of construction densification and sea level rise imply increasing inundation hazard. The point of the paper is to raise awareness that every additional high‐rise building constructed at coastal, river, or lakefront settings could contribute to future flood risk, and that mitigation strategies may need to be included. The subsidence mapping concept helps to quantify the hazard and adds specificity to soil types and conditions. We present satellite data that show that the city is sinking 1–2 mm/tr with some areas subsiding much faster. Key Points: More than 8 million people live in New York City, which is observed to be sinking 1–2 mm/year, while sea level risesWe calculate the mass of all buildings in New York City and model the subsidence caused by the pressure they exert on the EarthWe show detailed images of observed subsidence in New York City from satellite data [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The offshore wind (OSW) energy industry is rapidly developing in the United States. New federal mandates require at least 30 GW of OSW by 2030. With the largest goal in the eastern United States, the state of New York seeks to advance OSW in a way that is both environmentally and socially responsible as well as cost-effective. To achieve this, New York developed technical working groups (TWGs) in 2017 focused on critical topics relating to OSW energy development, including the Fisheries Technical Working Group and Environment Technical Working Group (F-TWG and E-TWG; collectively, "the TWGs"). The TWGs are composed of OSW developers, fishing industry (F-TWG) or environmental nongovernmental organizations (E-TWG), federal agency representatives, and state representatives from Maine to North Carolina. These groups advise the state of New York on OSW issues by emphasizing the use of science and technical expertise to inform decision making. The effectiveness of TWG collaborations is due to a variety of reasons, including the regional scale of stakeholder involvement, which allows the groups to develop guidance at an appropriate geographic scale relative to OSW and fishing activities and wildlife populations. The regional collaboration and communication fostered by the TWGs are essential for building trust among stakeholder groups and working collectively to minimize fisheries and environmental impacts as the OSW industry progresses. This paper highlights the OSW stakeholder engagement process and approach implemented by New York through the development of TWGs, as a means of identifying needs for environmental and fisheries resources to inform responsible OSW development within New York and regionally across the eastern United States. The lessons learned from the TWG process can be used to inform stakeholder engagement efforts in other locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction introduced by Gross, Hacking and Keel in (Several Complex Variables (Springer, New York, NY, 1976))allows one to construct a formal mirror family to a pair (S,D) where S is a smooth rational projective surface and D a certain type of Weil divisor supporting an ample or anti-ample class. In that paper, they proved two convergence results when the intersection matrix of D is not negative semi-definite and when the matrix is negative definite. In the original version of that paper, they claimed that if the intersection matrix were negative semi-definite, then family extends over an analytic neighbourhood of the origin but gave an incorrect proof. In this paper, we correct this error. We reduce the construction of the mirror to such a surface to calculating certain log Gromov--Witten invariants. We then relate these invariants to the invariants of a new space where we can find explicit formulae for the invariants. From this we deduce analytic convergence of the mirror family, at least when the original surface has an I4 fibre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information regarding the Call for Proposals campaign of the 2008 Annual Meeting National Council Measurement in Education. The proposals must contain all the information specified in the Call for Proposals, which is discussed according to categories. The acceptance of all submitted proposals will be due on June 1 to August 1, 2007. The submission of the proposals involve the commitment to complete the promised work in a timely manner and to attend the Annual Meeting in New York City on March 25 to 27, 2008.

Whole lake residence time has been associated with various water quality parameters, including harmful algal blooms. Despite observations of spatial variability in commonly measured lake water quality parameters, little attention is given to the spatial variability of residence time in lakes. In this paper we use water age as a surrogate for residence time and we examine its spatial and temporal distribution in 10 bays of varying size in Lake George, New York (USA). Using a validated hydrodynamic model against observations of water temperature and water currents, and using simulated water age, we show that the average residence time in most of the bays is less than 3 days. Timeseries of bay‐average water age shows that it can sharply decrease within 1 day due to a strong wind event. The average spatial distribution is shown to be non‐uniform, with only a small section of the bottom layer of the bays having a substantially greater age, which may be more than 1 week in certain bays. Snapshots of water age transects indicate that strong wind events substantially change the vertical distribution of water age in some bays, even to the extent of inverting the distribution. The substantial decreases of water age in the bays were associated with the shallowing and deepening of the thermocline. Our results highlight how variations in water residence times within lakes could introduce substantial variation in water quality attributes. Whole lake residence times may serve as a poor proxy to understand the dynamics of water masses, especially in large and morphologically complex waterbodies. Key Points: Simulation of water age with a validated hydrodynamic model against temperature and currentsAverage water age (surrogate to residence time) in bays is smaller than 6 daysSpatial distribution of water age within bays is not uniform and strong wind events lead to lower water age within 1 day [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper argues for attention to place dialogue, rethinking how place meanings emerge through interactions between human agency and the nonhuman agency of place. To speak is to act, so what is in play here is acknowledging place not only as a 'speaker' and a 'listener' but also as an agent. In addition to developing posthumanist geographies, the article proposes a new direction for geographical studies of communication, building on the semiotic theory of C.S. Peirce and closely related research in philosophical pragmatism. Communication geography research on place‐in‐communication (representations) and communication‐in‐place (infrastructures) should be complemented by a third approach that recognises place as an interlocutor intervening in meaningful ways with human and nonhuman inhabitants' lives. In calling for this sort of recognition of place dialogue, we trace an ontological shift already prescribed by Indigenous geography, assemblage theory, philosophical pragmatism and posthumanism. The body of the article offers glimpses of three place dialogues: a research meeting taking place in an outdoor seating area of a bakery/cafe, a short viral video featuring a resourceful rat living in the New York subway, and a trip to a nature preserve to climb a mountain. In each example, we show how geographers can return to the non‐modern idea that place acts and speaks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The beginning of the International Missionary Council (IMC) at Lake Mohonk, New York, in 1921 represented a pivot point in the life of John R. Mott (1865–1955). It symbolized for him and other participants a bold initiative in international missionary collaboration that had ramifications for liberal internationalism well beyond the Christian movement itself. World War I was devastating for millions throughout the world, but for Mott it was also a time where his influence in world affairs grew. This article focuses on the years after the war as a time of many challenges and disappointments for Mott as he struggled with nationalism, racism, and the dire effects of colonialism. Student movements which he championed (the YMCA, the World's Student Christian Federation, and the Student Volunteer Movement) also began to go in theological directions with which Mott sometimes disagreed. Mott further experienced setbacks during these post‐war years in his efforts to promote collaboration in mission. He nonetheless possessed hope for a new era of international missionary cooperation that the IMC had inaugurated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wildfires are a significant source of PM2.5 that adversely affect local and regional air quality. However, tracking wildfire smoke and their impacts are difficult. This study explores how a ground‐based Doppler lidar network can improve monitoring of long‐range transported wildfire smoke. As a case study, this paper reviews the transported wildfire smoke and its impact on air quality across New York State (NYS) during two events: 18–21 and 25–27 July 2021. Observations of wildfire smoke and enhancement of PM2.5 across NYS during those events were consistent across ground‐based sensors, satellites, back trajectory analyses, and model forecasts. However, for some of the days, the model over/under‐forecasted smoke plumes. Overall, this study highlights the value of the NYS Mesonet Profiler Network to monitor wildfire smoke with high spatiotemporal resolution. Such a relatively dense network can be a valuable observational tool for evaluating PM2.5, and aiding satellite measurements and air quality forecasting models. Plain Language Summary: Anthropogenic emissions of PM2.5 have declined across New York State (NYS) and nationally over the last two decades. However, increasing frequency and intensity of wildfire activity threatens to reverse this long‐term PM2.5 trend. During July 2021, wildfire smoke from Southern Canada and Northwestern US significantly elevated PM2.5 (in exceedance of the US EPA standards) 5,000 km away in NYS. Yet, air quality forecasting models performed poorly in the presence of the wildfire smoke. Thus, it has become increasingly important to monitor transported wildfire smoke and understand its impact on surface air‐quality. The New York State Mesonet Profiler Network is one such tool that can be used to monitor long‐range transported wildfire smoke, track its vertical and spatial extent across NYS in real‐time, assess its impact on air quality and complement/augment air quality forecasting models and satellite observations. Key Points: A long‐range transported wildfire smoke event significantly enhanced PM2.5 across New York State in July 2021Multi‐platform observations are used to understand the details of the eventA lidar network can help to monitor smoke event, assess impacts on surface PM2.5, aid satellite measurements and improve forecasting models [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This study conducts a pilot test analyzing reports from New York, New Jersey, and California and uses textual analytics to reengineer government performance audit reporting. It advocates a performance audit database that can facilitate easier access and extract relevant information from lengthy reports in a timely manner. The study presents a framework to identify the commonalities and differences in terminologies used by sampled states, evaluates and extracts relevant content from the reports according to Generally Accepted Government Auditing Standards requirements, and constructs a taxonomy specific to government performance audits. Furthermore, this study investigates the disclosure quality by examining linguistic and similarity features, such as report length, specificity, readability, comprehensibility, and content similarity. This paper raises attention to a key legislative task that requires reporting reforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objectives: In 2019 the United States experienced the largest outbreak of measles in 27 years, 19 years after the United States declared measles eliminated. The purpose of this paper was to present a population study of a measles outbreak within Orthodox Jewish communities in New York that led to the elimination of religious exemption for school mandated vaccines. Methods: Peer reviewed articles, news media, health department, and government resources were used to investigate environmental factors that led to this outbreak. State, county, and city immunization records were accessed to explore measles compliance rates before and after policy change. Results: Rockland County had low compliance rates compared to the rest of the state, and the elimination of religious exemptions raised compliance rate almost to state level. In all but one affected New York City zip codes, compliance following policy change rose to 97.95%–99.15%. Conclusions: Overall, changes in measles compliance rates reflect policy goals, but localized differences imply a need for more customized interventions for each unique community. Public health planning to promote vaccination should be sensitive to the concerns and perceptions of each community in order for health interventions to have a positive effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID‐19 has led to procedural changes in vascular access services to protect healthcare workers and patients from further spread of the virus. Operational changes made by the vascular access service at a healthcare system in New York City during the first wave of the COVID‐19 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pandemic included a team‐based approach as well as consideration for types of lines placed to address the increase in patient volume while providing safety to healthcare workers and conserving personal protective equipment. The study consists of two samples of adult inpatients admitted to Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City in need of vascular access. Chi‐square tests of independence were used to analyze trends in data. By the fourth wave, usage of shorter lifespan ultrasound‐guided peripheral intravenous lines increased significantly and the use of longer lasting intravenous catheters decreased significantly between the first and fourth waves of COVID‐19. This paper aims to show that with greater knowledge about proper personal protective equipment and mindful resource use, hospitals are able to become more comfortable and efficient while providing increasingly frequent vascular access services in the current and future pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our paper explores a comprehensive sample of small and large corporate bankruptcies in Arizona and New York from 1995 to 2001. Bankruptcy costs are very heterogeneous and sensitive to the measurement method used. We find that Chapter 7 liquidations appear to be no faster or cheaper (in terms of direct expense) than Chapter 11 reorganizations. However, Chapter 11 seems to preserve assets better, thereby allowing creditors to recover relatively more. Our paper also provides a large number of further empirical regularities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing body of literature demonstrates that both place attachment and social capital play considerable, and likely interdependent, roles in disaster recovery. This paper contributes to our understanding of these constructs by presenting findings from a longitudinal, mixed‐methods study of communities impacted by a home buyout program implemented in New York after Hurricane Sandy (N = 111). Results suggest a dynamic balance between place dependence, place identity, and bonding social capital, in which the relative importance of each construct can shift over time, and where losses in one of these areas may lead to cascading losses in the other areas. For buyout participants, increases in place dependence were associated with increases in bonding social capital, indicating that relocatees either regained both place dependence and bonding social capital in their new homes and communities, or they lost and did not regain both, depending on whether their new home and community met their emotional and functional needs sufficiently. For residents who remained in place, higher levels of place dependence were associated with losses in bonding social capital, reflecting the potential consequences of living in postdisaster limbo. Implications for future buyout research, policy, and practice are discussed. Highlights: There is a dynamic balance between place dependence, place identity, and social capital in disasters.Comparative data suggest significant, unrecovered losses in communities affected by home buyouts.Disaster survivors face tradeoffs in recovery between aspects of place attachment and social capitalPostdisaster relocation had negative effects on place identity and bonding social capitalWe must consider the substantial losses associated with buyouts in balance with potential benefits [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID‐19 pandemic brings to light similarities to the 1918 influenza pandemic, one of the deadliest outbreaks in United States history. The work of the Henry Street Visiting Nurse Service also referred to the public health nurses for that time, was a critical part of the New York City response. This case study examined Lillian Wald's leadership in directing the public health nursing response in New York City during the second wave of the influenza pandemic, from September through December of 1918. A historical social framework was used. Primary sources included the Lillian Wald Papers in the Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Columbia University in New York, Wald's (1934) Windows on Henry Street, medical, public health and nursing documents, journals, and newspaper articles published during the early 20th century. Secondary source material include works by historians Sarah Abrams, Arlene Keeling, Karen Buhler‐Wilkerson, Sandra Lewenson, John Barry, and Alfred Crosby. Key findings included developing a community wide strategic plan, using data driven decisions, implementing visiting nursing services, teaching in the home, and maintaining a diverse workforce. Lessons learned can guide leadership in emergency planning, system change, infection control and disease prevention, all familiar practices of public health nursing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mortality risk factors for coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) must be early predicted, especially for severe cases, to provide intensive care before they develop to critically ill immediately. This paper aims to develop an optimized convolution neural network (CNN) for predicting mortality risk factors for COVID‐19 patients. The proposed model supports two types of input data clinical variables and the computed tomography (CT) scans. The features are extracted from the optimized CNN phase and then applied to the classification phase. The CNN model's hyperparameters were optimized using a proposed genetic‐based adaptive momentum estimation (GB‐ADAM) algorithm. The GB‐ADAM algorithm employs the genetic algorithm (GA) to optimize Adam optimizer's configuration parameters, consequently improving the classification accuracy. The model is validated using three recent cohorts from New York, Mexico, and Wuhan, consisting of 3055, 7497,504 patients, respectively. The results indicated that the most significant mortality risk factors are: CD 8+ T Lymphocyte (Count), D‐dimer greater than 1 Ug/ml, high values of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C‐reactive protein (CRP), hypertension, and diabetes. Early identification of these factors would help the clinicians in providing immediate care. The results also show that the most frequent COVID‐19 signs in CT scans included ground‐glass opacity (GGO), followed by crazy‐paving pattern, consolidations, and the number of lobes. Moreover, the experimental results show encouraging performance for the proposed model compared with different predicting models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Local governments aim to accumulate slack resources to mitigate economic turbulence. Yet efforts to increase multiple slack resources could hinder accumulation. This paper examines whether increasing one form of slack is detrimental to the accumulation of another. By using data from 672 New York local governments from 1996 to 2016, this article examines the impact of excess taxing capacity, or unused property taxing authority, on unrestricted cash and short‐term borrowing. Regression results indicate that short‐term resources are reduced to boost excess taxing capacity for counties to suggest cash flows can be hindered by increasing political forms of slack. Applications For Practice: •Financial slack resources with lower visibility and monitoring, such as cash reserves and short‐term debt, are likely to be used to maintain the excess taxing capacity of local governments.•Subnational governments are justified in creating tailored approaches that alter short‐term resources while building up excess taxing capacity.•Suggestive evidence indicates counties and villages reduce unrestricted cash, counties increase short‐term borrowing, villages reduce short‐term borrowing, and cities are largely not impacted when excess taxing capacity is increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The financial and capacity pressures facing healthcare systems call for new strategies to deliver high‐quality, efficient services. 'Coproduction' is a concept gaining recognition as an approach to create patient partnerships that enable better functioning healthcare systems. Yet, this framing obscures coproduction's 'everyday and unavoidable' character, already part of healthcare service delivery. This paper aims to understand these everyday and unavoidable dimensions of coproduced healthcare services by drawing upon thematic and process analyses of a 15‐month ethnography of 45 patients in three HIV clinics in New York. A 'health practices' approach guided exploring patients' activities, their effects on clinical processes, and the conditions surrounding their performances. By constructing a typology of activity types – Building, Accepting, and Objecting – and tracing patients' descriptions of activity performances, the paper shows how coproduction is forged by making and relying upon clinic‐based relationships, and for patients also with a broader human community. These dynamics reveal how patients' bodily and temporal understandings are brought into and shape coproduced services. From these insights, we recommend that healthcare practitioners incorporate into their coproduction analytic methods and perspectives to engage patients as capable and aware individuals, who can support clinic efficiencies while producing new delivery possibilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper's findings suggests that the New York City fiscal crisis by itself did not lead to a fundamental change in risk perceptions of investors, resulting in higher interest rates in the municipal bond market. The monthly prediction errors generated by time series tests were relatively small and none were statistically significant. Only the signs on the prediction errors for June, July, and August were consistent with a New York City effect. Thus, if the New York City default had an impact on aggregate interest rates, it was at most small and of short duration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper proposes an ensemble predictor for the weekly increase in the number of confirmed COVID‐19 cases in the city of New York at zip code level. Within a Bayesian model averaging framework, the baseline is a Poisson regression for count data. The set of covariates includes autoregressive terms, spatial effects, and demographic and socioeconomic variables. Our results for the second wave of the coronavirus pandemic show that these regressors are more significant to predict the number of new confirmed cases as the pandemic unfolds. Both pointwise and interval forecasts exhibit strong predictive ability in‐sample and out‐of‐sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines how certain cultural arguments gain the authority necessary to explain the social problem of domestic violence. I begin by demonstrating the existence of competing explanations for the question of why abusive relationships continue. I find that a certain kind of explanation, multiple victimization arguments that emphasize the numerous ways battered women are victimized, are most common. Through an analysis of social science citations, news papers, and legislative and judicial decisions, I conclude that one multiple victimization argument in particular, Lenore Walker's battered woman syndrome (Walker, 1979, The Battered Woman. New York: Harper & Row; Walker, 1984, The Battered Woman Syndrome. New York: Springer), has become the most recognized explanation for why abusive relationships continue. The syndrome was best able to meet the criteria necessary for gaining cultural authority put forth by Schudson (1989, Theory and Society 18:153–180): retrievability, rhetorical force, resonance, resolution, and institutional retention. In recent years, however, this authority has been threatened as social and cultural conditions have changed, leaving competing understandings of the domestic violence issue to challenge Walker's claims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the last decade, while national homicide rates have remained flat, New York City has experienced a second great crime decline, with gun violence declining by more than 50 percent since 2011. In this paper, we investigate one potential explanation for this dramatic and unexpected improvement in public safety—the New York Police Department's shift to a more surgical form of "precision policing," in which law enforcement focuses resources on a small number of individuals who are thought to be the primary drivers of violence. We study New York City's campaign of "gang takedowns" in which suspected members of criminal gangs were arrested in highly coordinated raids and prosecuted on conspiracy charges. We show that gun violence in and around public housing communities fell by approximately one third in the first year after a gang takedown. Our estimates imply that gang takedowns explain nearly one quarter of the decline in gun violence in New York City's public housing communities over the last eight years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over 50,000 defendants are referred for competency to stand trial evaluations each year in the United States (Psychological evaluations for the courts: A handbook for mental health professionals and lawyers, New York, NY: The Guildford Press; 2018). Approximately 20% of those individuals are found by courts to be incompetent and are referred for "restoration" or remediation (Psychological evaluations for the courts: A handbook for mental health professionals and lawyers, 4th edn. New York, NY: The Guildford Press; 2018; Bull Am Acad Psychiatry Law. 1991;19:63–9). The majority of those incompetent defendants meet criteria for psychotic illnesses (J Am Acad Psychiatry Law. 2007;35:34–43). Forensic mental health professionals frequently have such patients/defendants decline recommended treatment with psychotropic medication. For a significant minority of defendants diagnosed with psychotic disorders, treatment with medication is thought to be necessary to restore their competency to stand trial. Without psychiatric intervention to restore competency, defendants may be held for lengthy and costly hospitalizations while criminal proceedings are suspended. In these situations, clinicians are guided by the Supreme Court decision, Sell v. United States (2003). The Sell opinion describes several clinical issues courts must consider when determining whether a defendant can be treated involuntarily solely for the purpose of restoring his/her competency. This paper offers some guidance to clinicians and evaluators who are faced with making recommendations or decisions about involuntary treatment. Using a question and answer format, the authors discuss data that support a decision to request, or not request, court authorization for involuntary treatment. Specifically, eight questions are posed for forensic evaluators to consider in determining the prognosis or viability of successful treatment and restoration. Finally, a clinical vignette is also presented to highlight important factors to consider in Sell‐related evaluations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effort to categorize nature dates at least to Aristotle and is still ongoing. The study of categories is termed "ontology"-a field Whose use in the philosophy' of social science has most recently been revived. Last April 1998, the State University of New York at Buffalo hosted a conference on "Applied Ontology: A Marvin Farber Conference in Law and Institutions in Society." The following papers were selected from the group of papers presented at the conference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID‐19 has extraordinarily impacted every facet of the health care facilities' operations. Various strategies and policies were implemented promptly to preserve resources, not only to provide medical care to the expected massive numbers of COVID‐19 patients, but also to mitigate the contagion spread at the workplace to ensure safety of healthcare workers. All routine, non‐essential medical services and procedures were ramped down and workers deemed non‐essential were directed to work remotely from home to reduce the number of people at hospital premises and preserve much needed personal protective equipment that were in short supply at the outset of the pandemic. The laboratories did not remain unscathed and were under immense pressure to maintain workplace safety while being operational and provide best patient care with limited resources. In this paper, we share our experience and challenges that we faced in a cytopathology laboratory at a major academic centre in New York, USA during the peak of infection. This study reviews the impact of COVID‐19 on cytopathology specimen numbers during the peak of pandemic in New York City. Most specimens decreased in number and proportion except for effusion cytology which almost doubled. The rate of malignant and indeterminate diagnostic categories significantly increased while the benign category decreased, and the non‐diagnostic category remained the same. Adaptations to staffing and clinical operations to provide continuous patient care and trainee education while maintaining workplace safety are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider the optimal portfolio selection problem subject to hard constraints on trading amounts, trading costs, and different rates for borrowing and lending when the risky asset returns are serially correlated. We consider both explicit and implicit trading costs. No assumptions about the correlation structure between different time points or about the distribution of asset returns are needed. The problem is stated as a dynamic tracking problem of a reference portfolio with a desired return. We leverage the methodology of model predictive control (also known as receding horizon control) to design feedback portfolio optimization strategies and to provide a numerically tractable algorithm for practical applications. All expressions are presented in terms of first- and second-order conditional moments. Our approach is tested on sets of real data from the Russian Stock Exchange Moscow Interbank Currency Exchange and New York Stock Exchange. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents an abstract of the study `A comparison of the health status of women in nineteenth century Rochester N.Y.: Monroe County Poorhouse vs. the City of Rochester,' by R.L. Higgins. Health status of poorhouse women and women from the general population; Analysis of specimens from a cemetery in Rochester, New York; Causes of death.

The article offers information about the Second Creativity and Innovation Management (CIM) Community Meeting that was held at Buffalo State College in Buffalo, New York. The conference featured six keynote speakers including Professor Tudor Rickards, Ming-Huei Chen, and Michael Mumford. The article includes information about the papers that were presented at the conference and the next CIM Community Meeting.

Seabirds have long been thought to exploit social information when searching for their prey, the distribution of which is often patchy and variable. The fact that most seabirds breed colonially has led to speculation that colonies serve as "information centers," allowing their inhabitants to learn about the distribution of food by observing or following other successful foragers, though this hypothesis is controversial and the evidence for it is mixed. However, several recent studies have documented behaviors that suggest some seabirds do exploit social orientation cues at or near their colonies in order to orient toward food. In this paper, I explore in‐depth one such social orientation behavior, which I call "visual trail following." I derived a simple model of information transfer and showed that trail following should be favored over other commonly hypothesized foraging behaviors. An individual‐based simulation model was then used to test this theoretical prediction against several other foraging strategies while varying prey patchiness and colony size. The model's results showed that trail following was the optimal strategy across a wide range of conditions. Finally, I used radar data recorded at a tern colony in coastal New York to demonstrate evidence for trail following in the movements of wild seabirds. These results show that trail following and similar behaviors are effective foraging strategies that are likely important for seabirds and other colonial animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To assess whether preschoolers with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) behave differently during mother-child interaction tasks as a function of task palatability and whether differences are associated with the presence of comorbid oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). Methods Typically developing, ADHD, and ADHD + ODD children and their mothers participated in digitally recorded interactions, which included three 5-min tasks, differing in level of palatability/engagement and parental structure (Free Play Task = highly engaging, not structured; Paper and Pencil Task = not engaging, highly structured; Duplo Task = highly engaging, structured). Results Mixed ANOVAs revealed that positive engagement, but not structure, differentially improved the behaviour of children with ADHD + ODD. Discussion Although ADHD and ODD are associated with more negative behaviours during the mother-child interaction, those with comorbid ADHD + ODD exhibit differentially greater impairment during relatively boring tasks. Implications for treatment are discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: New evidence has found breast and cervical cancer risk factors unique to African American women. Thus, there is a significant need to increase their knowledge and understanding of relevant risk factors and the potential protective benefits associated with breast‐feeding and HPV vaccination. The National Witness Project is a robust, evidence‐ and community‐based lay health advisor programme that uses group education, navigation and survivor narratives to increase cancer screening among diverse underserved women. Methods: A multi‐phase, community‐based participatory research study was conducted across three sites in Buffalo, NY, New York City and Arkansas between October 2016 and January 2017. Pre‐/post‐test surveys were administered during volunteer trainings and community programmes. An evaluation survey was also administered at the Annual Meeting for Education and Networking. Paired sample t tests were used to compare pre‐/post‐test survey scores. Results: Trainee survey results showed the overall mean per cent correct pre‐/post‐test scores were 47.7% (SD: 21.87) and 79.2% (SD: 16.14). Altogether, 31 educational programmes reached 332 community participants. Participants' breast and cervical cancer knowledge scores were significantly higher after the education programme (84.4%) than before (55.3%) with a mean change score of 29% (P ≤.001). Conclusion: This paper reveals the underlying complexities to update the educational curriculum content of a multi‐site, community‐based outreach organization. The new curriculum significantly improved African American women's knowledge about breast and cervical cancer by 10%‐36%, clearly demonstrating that this information was new to them. The need for education programming in African American communities to disseminate cancer prevention and risk information remains high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]