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Individual and ecological research suggests that rising unemployment may affect the incidence of violence through two countervailing mechanisms suggested by frustration-aggression theory. The first, or provocation effect, assumes increased violence among persons who feel anger because they believe their job loss was arbitrary. The second, or inhibition effect, posits less violence among employed persons who attempt to reduce their chances of job loss by curtailing behavior objectionable to employers. The literature also reports that these mechanisms affect victimization measured as foster care sought by the state for abused children. The foster care finding, although consistent with theory and important for basic as well as applied reasons, arises from methods that cannot rule out several rival hypotheses. We revisit this research and apply improved methods to test the reported association in Los Angeles and San Francisco counties. We find that, as implied by the provocation and inhibition mechanisms, differences in monthly prevalence of foster care placements increase with modest increases in unemployment but decline when unemployment becomes much higher than usual levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Mandated HCV 2.0 lookback significantly challenged the human and financial resources available to the six Los Angeles County Department of Health Services (DHS) hospital blood banks. To comply with FDA requirements, DHS developed a centralized process that utilized the services of a contract vendor for performing HCV lookback. STUDY DESIGN AND METHOD: A DHS public health nurse acted as HCV lookback coordinator and as liaison with the vendor. Cases were electronically forwarded to the vendor, who then reviewed the patient's chart to obtain information necessary for tracking the patient through commercial databases. The vendor was responsible for notifying the recipient for pretest counseling and for providing documentation of all efforts. RESULTS: In total, 411 recipients were identified, of which, 168 cases were completed by the hospitals, 243 were forwarded to the vendor, 50 percent were deceased, 21 percent were contacted, and 28 percent could not be contacted, and 1 percent could not be located on any databases. The vendor contacted 35 of 66 cases that the hospitals had unsuccessfully attempted to contact. Of the cases forwarded to the vendor, 82 percent were completed on time. Delays were attributable to the vendor in less than 2 percent of cases. The cost per case forwarded to the vendor was $322. CONCLUSION: Utilizing a professional service to conduct HCV recipient notifications is an effective strategy for meeting FDA deadlines and for freeing transfusion service staff to perform critical functions. It remains to be seen whether such strategies offer a cost savings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the contentious cultural politics of a Central American immigrant barrio in the Pico-Union district during the period between the Los Angeles, California Police Department Rampart scandal and the 1992 Rodney King riot. It outlines the Rampart Community Resources Against Street Hoodlums (CRASH) gang unit's crime prevention strategies and Rebuild Los Angeles's (RLA) redevelopment initiatives. It examines how redevelopment and law enforcement rebuild the ruined environment.

This article discusses several clinical studies conducted by researchers as of March 2002. A study was conducted to assess the pattern of fatigue in breast cancer survivors. Fatigue has been considered to a distressing side effect of cancer and cancer treatment. The subjects of the study were breast cancer survivors from Los Angeles, California and Washington D.C. In another study, researchers reported that prophylactic mastectomy reduced the risk of breast cancer in patients who have BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations.

Following reforms to the city charter in 1999, the City of Los Angeles is currently implementing a city-wide system of neighbourhood councils that is intended to increase citizen participation in local governance and make city agencies more responsive to local needs. As neighbourhood council formation has gotten underway, faith organizations (FOs) have been identified as a promising resource for mobilizing involvement among groups that are traditionally underrepresented in the governance process. This article discusses the potential value of FOs' involvement in neighbourhood councils, as well as the likely obstacles to their participation, and reports preliminary findings from ongoing field research on neighbourhood council formation in Los Angeles. Given the diversity of religious missions and attitudes toward political involvement among American faith institutions we find it difficult to generalize about the likely role of the faith community in neighbourhood councils. However, the historical focus of Christian churches on issues of social justice as opposed to local community action, as well as the relative lack of participation by FOs in neighbourhood council formation to date, suggests that widespread involvement of FOs in the neighbourhood council process may be difficult to achieve. A targeted strategy of outreach and organizing directed toward those FOs most likely to participate seems required. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on creative and progressive multiracial coalitions around issues of economic opportunity in Los Angeles, California. Victory of the Los Angeles Bus Riders' Union, initiated by the Labor/Community Strategy Center, over the Metropolitan Transit Authority for transit discrimination; Factors attributed to the increase in union organizing activities in Los Angeles; Processes of industrial transformation; Significance of working poverty in the emerging sectors of the economy.

The article discusses governance restructuring in Los Angeles, California and Toronto, Ontario. In Toronto an aggressively neoliberal provincial Ontario government decreed an amalgamation of six individual municipal governments and one regional administration. The consolidationist argument, often associated with dirigiste government and compact central city ideals, has now become the means of choice to integrate regional blubber belt hegemony in more than one jurisdiction in Ontario. In Toronto and Los Angeles, what appear to be limited struggles over local jurisdiction and administration of service delivery, are struggles over the urban dimensions of a globalized work, at least in part. Amalgamation and secession become fighting metaphors of change in the war of position in which urban actors find themselves in the age of the global city. Although the old City of Toronto, had retained its hegemony in the region since the introduction of Metro government exactly because it has become one, albeit the strongest, player in a regionally federated system of metropolitan governance, its position had also been waning in the final years of the Metro model.

Policymakers interested in evaluating the costs and benefits of earthquake retrofit and reconstruction strategies require a way to measure the benefits (costs avoided) of competing proposals. This requires an integrated, operational model of losses due to earthquake impacts on transportation and industrial capacity, and how these losses affect the metropolitan economy. Our approach to this problem advances the information provided by transportation and activity system analysis techniques in ways that help capture the most important economic implications of earthquakes. These full cost results have four dimensions: structure damage, business interruption, network performance, and infrastructure damage. Preliminary results for all four measures are summarized for a hypothetical magnitude 7.1 earthquake on the Elysian Park blind thrust fault in Los Angeles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since its introduction in New York City in 1999, the virus has spread throughout the entire North American continent and continues to spread into Central and Latin America. Our report discusses the signs and symptoms, diagnostics, and treatment of West Nile disease. It is important to recognize the disease quickly and initiate appropriate treatment. We present three cases of West Nile encephalitis at White Memorial Medical Center in East Los Angeles that occurred over the span of eight days. All three patients live within four to six miles from the hospital and do not live or work in an environment favorable to mosquitoes including shallow bodies of standing water, abandoned tires, or mud ruts. All the patients were Hispanic. Physicians and other health care providers should consider West Nile infection in the differential diagnosis of causes of aseptic meningitis and encephalitis, obtain appropriate laboratory studies, and promptly report cases to public health authorities. State governments should establish abatement programs that will eliminate sources that allow for mosquito reproduction and harboring. The public needs to be given resources that educate them on what entails the disease caused by the West Nile virus, what the symptoms are, and, most importantly, what they can do to prevent themselves from becoming infected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the relationship between industrial location geography, metropolitan patterns and earthquake disasters. Production losses from the 1994 Northridge earthquake to the Los Angeles Basin's most important high-technology industrial sector are evaluated in the context of that area's polycentric metropolitan form. Locations for each one of the Los Angeles Basin's 1,126 advanced electronics manufacturing establishments were identified and mapped, providing an indication of the patterns and clusters of the industry. An extensive survey of those establishments gathered information on disruptions from the Northridge earthquake. Production losses were then estimated, based on the sampled plants' lost workdays and the earthquake's distance-decay effects. A conservative estimate of total production losses to establishments in seven four-digit SIC advanced electronics industrial groups placed their value at US$220.4 million. Based on this estimate of losses, it is concluded that the Northridge earthquake's economic losses were much higher than initially anticipated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigates the urban challenges confronting the Los Angeles Community Colleges in California. Social and economic needs of the area's residents that influence the college's operations; Steps taken by the institution towards urban change.

A two-year pilot study, involving the recharge of a groundwater basin with reclaimed water was completed in the city of Los Angeles. The city's Department of Water and Power is planning to initiate several ground water recharge projects using reclaimed water in the near future. One such project is the Headworks Recharge Project, the focus of this paper. Approximately 1 cfs of the Los Angeles (LA) River water comprised of 70% tertiary treated reclaimed water was recharged on a two-day wet and five-day dry cycle. The recharge water was then extracted from the basin approximately 1000 feed downgradient. Results showed greater than 4-log removal of coliform bacteria, up to 87% reduction in TOC, and compliance of the product water with federal and statedrinking water standards. Model simulation showed after 15 years of recharging 3000 acre-feet per year of the LA River water and extracting about 10,000 acre-feet from the basin, the product water would contain from 5% to 15% reclaimed water. This is well below the maximum allowable limit of 20% stipulated by the California regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights the 8th International Histocompatibility Workshop and Conference in Bonaventure Hotel in Los Angeles, California held on February 7-9, 1980. Topics to be discussed in the conference; Selection of the highest-scoring abstracts; Deadline for submission of the abstracts.

This ethnographic study explores the politics of time in a multitrack, 'yearround' school in inner-city Los Angeles. We analyze different types and experiences of time within the school and time collisions across institutions in this densely populated immigrant community. Viewing time as a contested commodity, we examine the politics behind the presumed impartiality of the clock and calendar. The school's year-round schedule is especially problematic, involving multiple tracks with lengthened days and a shortened school year. We show how issues of educational equity go to the core of debates over alternative school schedules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alexander "Sandy" W. Astin of the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), probably the most prolific and influential researcher in American (US.) higher education today, talks about his development as a professional in the field, his mentors, his professional contributions, his personal development, his family, dual career issues, and his hopes for the future of the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Media constructions of social problems usually rework the claims of activists and other primary claimsmakers. However, the news media acted as primary claimsmakers in discovering and reporting the 1987 Los Angeles freeway violence problem. The press drew upon cultural resources in constructing this problem, applying a conventional template for social problems stories and using familiar imagery to depict freeway shootings. The social organization of claimsmaking, as well as contingencies in the histories of individual campaigns, affect the choice of cultural resources used to construct social problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychotherapy use and depression among AIDS caregivers were examined with two waves of data from a panel survey of caregivers in Los Angeles and San Francisco (N = 472). Both were studied as outcomes driven by an array of determining factors (e.g., caregivers and care recipient health; care-related stress). AIDS caregivers exhibited relatively high rates of psychotherapy use (31% reported using at the time of initial interview). Care-related stress did not significantly predict the use of psychotherapy in either the baseline or longitudinal analyses. Instead, the health status, relationship, and living arrangements of the caregiver and the care recipient were the important correlates of psychotherapy use. Factors affecting depression over the course of caregiving were caregiver health status and care-related stress, particularly secondary stressors which arise as a consequence of, but not directly due to, caregiving. Thus, although the stressors of caregiving do not prompt the use of psychotherapy, they clearly led to an elevation in symptoms of depression, which is associated with psychotherapy use. Findings regarding the relation of psychotherapy to changes in depression over the course of caregiving also are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship of traumatic events to posttraumatic symptomatology was examined in a randomized community survey (N = 2,364) of Los Angeles residents. Exposure to traumatic events was associated with younger age, less education, recent life events, and a history of psychiatric disorder. Risk of increased posttraumatic stress symptoms following traumatic event exposure was associated with older age, recent life events, sexual assault, and household strain. Level of posttraumatic stress symptoms varied according to the type of traumatic event reported after adjusting [or demographic factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using 498 randomly selected Korean residents in Los Angeles from a recent epidemiological health telephone survey, correlates of subjective well-being in the Korean-American community were investigated including riot victim status, perceived riot effects, demographic variables (age, gender, and income), acculturation, and social support and social integration variables, approximately 6 months after the Sa-i-gu (April 29) Los Angeles Riots. Multiple regression analyses indicated that two indices of subjective well-being, general happiness and perceived physical health status, though significantly correlated, appeared to be influenced by different psychological processes. Moreover, significant gender differences were found in various types of correlates in accounting for the two indices of subjective well-being. Overall, of the correlates investigated, demographic (age and income) factors. perceived riot effects, acculturation indices, and social support/social integration contributed to both Korean-American men and women's subjective welt-being. Certain effects of social support and social integration were not consistent with past research implications for future research and Limitations were discussed in terms of community psychology's focus on extra- individual, as opposed to micro-level individual approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-income Mexican-origin families have been neglected in studies of normative family functioning and transition to parenting roles. This study examined the child and family concerns and perception of parenting role among 122 Mexican-origin women in Los Angeles and assessed differences by parity and nativity. The results showed significant sociodemographic differences among respondents by nativity. Mexican-American women had significantly higher levels of education and were less likely to be married than recent Mexican immigrant women. There were no significant differences between groups on reported levels of life problems by nativity. Family social support data revealed that Mexican Americans were more likely to have large family net- works, to live with parents and siblings, and to report that their family provided "a lot of help." Data on perception of parenting for first-time mothers revealed that Mexican immigrant women were twice as likely as Mexican-American women to report that they "anticipated doing a better job of parenting than most mothers." Baby concerns in first-time pregnant women revealed that married respondents reported more concerns than nonmarried respondents. Among mothers, Mexican-American mothers reported fewer child concerns than Mexican immigrant mothers. The major implication of these results is related to the provision of psychoeducational parenting programs compatible with the concerns and needs of Latino parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a text of the speech related to nursing delivered by the author at the plenary session of the 17th quadrennial congress of the International Council of Nurses in Los Angeles, California.

Presents a text of the speech related to nursing delivered by the author at the plenary session of the 17th quadrennial congress of the International Council of Nurses in Los Angeles, California.

Little information has been published on the reproductive biology and behavior of the emperor tamarin (Saguinus imperator). We analyzed twelve years of data on emperor tamarins at the Los Angeles Zoo and made comparisons with data on cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus o. oedipus) and golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia) from the same collection. Secondary sex ratios did not differ significantly from 50:50. Births were not strictly seasonal for any species. The number of infants reared had a significant effect on interbirth interval for all species, with shorter intervals when only one or no infants were reared, but females did sometimes conceive early in lactation. In emperor tamarin families, all fathers and most older siblings carried new infants, usually beginning within a few days after a birth. Previous exposure to younger siblings did not appear to be critical to the development of competent parental behavior by zooborn emperor tamarin females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deconstructs the claim of a group of academics and body of scholarship for the centrality of Los Angeles, California as a contemporary global industrial city. Recapitulation of Los Angeles' failure in the traditional Fordist industries; Discussion on real estate, financial services and movies in Los Angeles; Role of Los Angeles in the emergent Asia-dominated Pacific Rim economy.

Presents a response to the article of Curry and Kenney on the paradigmatic status of Los Angeles, California. Reactions on the claims that Los Angeles lacks the economic base for a sustained economic recovery; Inaccuracies with regard to aerospace and garments sector; Downfall of Los Angeles in regard to inequality, corruption, racism and violence.

THE POWER OF PLACE, a non-profit corporation founded by the author, sponsored public history projects focused on women of color in the historic cultural landscapes in Los Angeles. Between 1984 and 1991, teams of historians and artists worked to commemorate an African American midwife's homestead and a hall used by Latina garment workers as part of a larger itinerary of downtown labor history. [Historic Preservation, Community Organizing, Memory, Public Space, Women, Labor History] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study on the integrated programs of biological science and chemistry and evaluates the programs' potential in solving teaching problems found in the biological science discipline. The study attempts to measure the extent of the loss of knowledge of chemistry among physiology students at Southwest College in Los Angeles, California and to devise a laboratory program to strengthen chemistry background and evaluate its relationship to students in the physiology class. An analysis of chemistry knowledge retention by the school where the course was taken was done in three categories: high school students, Southwest College students, and other colleges students. In conclusion, students from secondary chemistry courses may enter the Southwest science program without fear of an adequate background.

The article examines the labor force participation of Chinese immigrant wives in Los Angeles and San Francisco, California. Majority of Chinese immigrant wives work in the garment sector. Competition from other immigrant groups is the most important factor that affects Chinese subcontracting. As compared with San Francisco, Chinese subcontracting in Los Angeles has been less extensive. Structural variations in the economies of the two cities influence the viability of the Chinese ethnic labor markets differently.

Presents a case study of the geography of a local labor market for engineers and scientists at three Lockheed Corp. plants in Los Angeles, California. Eliciting personal information; Geography of jobs and residences; Origins, skill-acquisition and job-finding capacities of participants; Gathering intra- and inter-regional mobility patterns.

Examines the economic resources of homeless adults using a unique data set from Los Angeles, California. Variety of factors that the homeless rely on for income; Offer of cash assistance from the government or family member or friend; Familial transfers in the form of shared housing and meals; Inadequacy of private support networks to overcome difficulties that the homeless face.

Presents a speech delivered at the 1998 First Annual Arnold C. Harberger Distinguished Lecture in Los Angeles, California on the contributions of Deng Xiaoping to the development of China. Responsibility system developed by Deng to reform the country's agricultural system; Efforts of the government in fighting corruption.

This article cites a study that investigated the relationship between subjective experience of loneliness and patterns of attachment in young adults. Forty-seven young adults residing in Los Angeles, California were screened for race, disability, age, and SES. The researchers then administered an attachment history questionnaire and several measures of loneliness, including the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale. Correlations revealed a moderate to strong relationship between feeling lonely and early disrupted attachment. The results of the study were consistent with the notion that underlying attachment disorders may affect subsequent psychological development and social behavior.

The article examines the experience of Korean business in Los Angeles within the of urban transformation. The principal argument advanced in this article is that responses to urban transformation diverge between industrial sectors, the ethnic migrant communities and regions. The past two decades of industrial change in Los Angeles illustrate a typology of selective and systematic disinvestment in the city's basic productive capacity, including the closures of manufacturing plants in the inner city. It is important that corresponding transformations in the spatial division of labour did not replace the old divisions. Instead there was an evolving sequence of partial and selective transformations in the structure of the city's labour markets. In the case of Korean small businesses in Los Angeles, the sectoral shift revealed a clear pattern in their specific responses to this urban industrial change. While Korean migrants were self-employed increasingly in the small-firms sector, their shares in both manufacturing and construction sectors experienced accentuated growth between 1975 and 1986.

The adage that Los Angeles, California was a number of suburbs in search of a city may have been a somewhat accurate, though an overly simplistic, description of the spatially dispersed metropolis that seemed to be thumbing its nose at the model of successive concentric zones of urban land use established by the urban ecologists of the Chicago School. Faced with the historic fact that Los Angeles was a hispanic city that predated the intrusion of North American capitalism, Anglo LA sought to create its own centre. While the Anglo Central Business District was seeking a new centre in Pershing Square following the North American conquest, the Plaza fell into disrepair, being used as the site for the city reservoir and then as a wholesale fruit and vegetable market. A revitalized park depends on getting rid of the street people or, according to researcher David Houk of the Pershing Square Property Owners Association, getting nicely dressed people to come into the park and outnumber them. To these ends, a performance area and food and retail operations, which cater to a nicely dressed clientele are proposed.

The proposition that social divisions are manifest in the built environment and patterns of land use is perhaps most forcefully evidenced by the late twentieth-century urban restructuring in the U.S. and other advanced industrialized nations. In many cities the recent transformation of the central business district into a centre of finance and real estate capital housed in skyscraping office towers has been matched by the continued deterioration of working-class neighborhoods and the elimination of poor neighborhoods that had encircled the downtown area and threatened its expansion. Economic development policies aimed at facilitating the economic and spatial restructuring of urban areas have been largely unconcerned with issues of equity. The competition between jurisdictions for the investment of mobile capital has led to the predominance of subsidies and incentives and though these programmes have been publicly justified in terms of the public benefits that allegedly accrue, a great deal of evidence has shown that those benefits are quite unevenly distributed.

The article examines the community and class struggles in Los Angeles, California against corporate development forces. The political isolation of Los Angeles communities also occurs within the setting of a city tremendously segregated by race and class, intentionally designed is such by private developers in the early 1900s. Pico Union, Skid Row, and Route 2 are only three of the communities in Los Angeles that have organized to gain political autonomy. The lack of political accountability to working-class communities in Los Angeles had bred the need for creating mass based solidarity within communities.

This article presents information on the article "Case Histories on Cards," published in the January 1955 issue of the periodical "Chemical Week." The article describes the application of punched cards, as a research tool, to the coding of engineering and cost data at Standard Steel LLC of Los Angeles. The originator, Norman Pitt, claims that from a total investment of $3,000, the system is returning $10,000 a year in savings to the company.

The article discusses the study which develops a battery of standardized tests in measurement areas common to County classes in Los Angeles, California for the evaluation of an examinee with respect to a number of different positions. The study selected a review of published tests and professional literature for additional consideration and a survey among the Los Angeles County Civil Service staff. It mentions that four parallel test forms were developed in which only two forms were ready for the experimental administration. It adds that the evaluation of a factorial invariance was permitted in the batteries relative to the omission and inclusion of two test forms.

Los Angeles riot participants, both actual and "psychological," were compared with nonparticipants to see if participation could be predicted, using stepwise multiple linear regression analysis and a second form of linear regression analysis (Wood's algorithm). Data were from 586 interviews of black residents, representing a random sample of the riot curfew area. Neither active nor psychological riot participation could be predicted when age and sex were not controlled, but significant prediction was possible when the population was divided into four groups by age and sex. The usefulness of the regression in characterizing rioters versus nonrioters is limited because a large number of independent variables is needed. Results support the theory that rioting is a community phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a comparative analysis of militant and non-militant views of the riots that took place in Los Angeles, California. The author states that in August 1965, the date of the Los Angeles riot, most Afro-American militants did not fulfill the criteria necessary to be identified as a formal political group. They did not have and did not belong to organizations having a systematic political ideology, nor did they have any articulated programs for social change. The Revolutionary Action Movement and the Black Panthers had not been heard from and most of the currently popular local nationalist groups were nonexistent. In the main, those Afro-Americans who are now called radical were simply militantly, that is, vigorously and aggressively, pro-Afro-American. Their militancy laid in their endorsement of Afro-American action that served to provide an image of black strength against white society. In the eyes of most Afro-American and white citizens, the Afro-American Muslims were the only exponents of black radicalism.

The basic hypothesis offered here is that the outbreak of mass violence was an almost inevitable consequence of the major population changes that American Negroes have been undergoing in recent years. (1) The most important of these population changes have been the movement from the South to the North, the movement from rural areas to the largest metropolitan centers, and the rapid rise in the average level of education, in combination with the extreme youth of the black population. (2) Individuals from the "new" background (the young natives of Northern cities) were considerably more active in the riots than were those from the "old" background (the older migrants from the South). (3) Two principal socio-psychological mediators were offered to explain this finding: the attitudinal and behavioral effects of changes in black racial socialization, and of differential comparison levels. (4) Evidence was presented that early racial socialization produces predispositions that tend to endure through life. For Negroes, contemporary Northern socialization is generally thought to involve more abrasive and assertive norms of behavior toward white authority and white-dominated social institutions than does Southern socialization, particularly that of earlier times. Data from the Watts riot suggest that young Northern natives were more disaffected from the political structure, and were more likely to endorse violence, than were older and migrant residents. The disaffected were also considerably more likely to have been involved in the riot. (5) The Northern natives also appear to feel more deprived than do the Southern blacks. And dissatisfaction in this sense was related to participation in the riot. It goes without saying that no single explanation or set of explanations is likely to be adequate for such complex and massive social events as the recent race riots. However, the evidence presented here suggests that fundamental and irreversible social changes in the location and characteristics of the black population have produced important social-psychological changes within individual blacks. These, in turn, have increased enormously the probability that blacks will respond to white racism with intransigence, vigorous protest, and even violence. The further implication is that the apparently centrifugal movement represented by the Deacons, the Black Panthers, and the wavering attachment of some young militants to the American political and economic system are not epiphenomena; nor are they merely representative of a small minority's peculiar and disreputable ideas. They symbolize, although in more extreme form, the direction being taken by young ghetto natives throughout the country. Our data suggest that the direction and thrust of this movement are irreversible without extreme measures that white Americans presumably would not condone. The question appears to be whether or not institutional America, and the white population more generally, are prepared to accept the new "black man" as a replacement for the old "Negro." There seems to be little chance that the latter will return. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the factors that influence the employment opportunities of minority workers in Los Angeles, California. Participation rates for minority group workers in the city; Social condition of minorities in the city; Factors that created significant improvement in the city's minority employment.

The article discusses the formal systems of labor union, management and collective bargaining in Los Angeles, California. The workers in Los Angeles were distributed among industries in much the same way as in the nation as a whole. There were 783,600 union members in July 1963. Union membership is concentrated in nonmanufacturing organizations. Employer organization can be characterized as highly diversified. Wages are notably high and is probably decisively attributable to the upward pull of bargained rates. Fringe benefits are both sophisticated and generous. Average income is very high among American cities. Lastly, collective bargaining has been a powerful force for stability in both the shop and the community.

The article presents a study, which aims to see what changes have taken place in three decades of admissions in VA Center for Psychosocial Medicine at Drentwood, Los Angeles. This is especially to compare the 1968 patient with the 1958 patient, and to see how today's young veteran of the Vietnam era differs from his middle-aged World War II counterpart. The results support generally-held clinical impressions that today's newly admitted patients are less psychotically disturbed or better stabilized than 10 years ago and that the young patients are indeed different than the others, but again the differences are not as great as expected.

This article examines the personality characteristics of male transvestites. Several types of male individuals exist who, with some regularity, dress in clothes society considers appropriate to members of the opposite sex. The best-known of these is the homosexual who adopts feminine attire as an adjunct to his sexual activity. He is often referred to as a drag queen. This study deals with the psychological characteristics of the heterosexual male who enjoys wearing feminine attire. Twenty-five male transvestites who were not in psychotherapy were contacted and tested individually in Los Angeles, California.

The article focuses on the conference "A New Urban and Regional Hierarchy? Impacts of Modernization, Restructuring and the End of Bipolarity," held in Los Angeles, California in April 1992. This conference was sponsored by Research Committee 21 of the International Sociological Association in cooperation with the Lewis Center for Regional Policy Studies and the Comparative Social Analysis Program of UCLA. It was co-organized by professors Susan Fainstein and Ivan Szelenyi, and its aim was to examine whether there is a new urban and regional hierarchy. The main theme was the urban impact of third world modernization, global economic restructuring and the end of political bipolarity with the collapse of eastern European communism. Panels on these three trends tended to be segregated, with separate discussions of changes in Eastern Europe, Latin America and East Asia. The systems approach characterizing global cities perspectives, in which specialization in multinational service industries or corporate command looms so large, flirts with functionalism.

The article reports some data on the validity of psychologist E.J. Shoben's University of Southern California (USC), Los Angeles, California, Parent Attitude Survey purporting to measure attitudes toward children. Rank correlations between expert observers' judgments of attitudes of mothers toward their children, as these attitudes were inferred from extensive observation of the mothers' behaviors toward their children over a 12 day period, and mothers' scores on the Survey were found to be non-significant. The data appear to be best interpreted as suggesting a lack of validity of the attitude survey. It is suggested that Shoben's validation procedures may have involved too narrow a definition of problem children for the scale to be used with confidence in clinical practice.

Recent research on neighbourhood effects has stressed the importance of adopting a dynamic approach by incorporating residential mobility into analyses of neighbourhood change and individual outcomes. This study uses longitudinal data from the Los Angeles Family and Neighbourhood Survey to examine how changes in residential neighbourhood conditions shape two dimensions of place attachment—neighbourhood satisfaction and neighbouring—for people who leave the neighbourhood and for residents who remain in place. Results from fixed‐effects regression models present a nuanced picture of the ways in which changing neighbourhoods intersected with residential mobility shape individuals' attachments to place. Stayers tend to become less satisfied when their neighbourhoods are becoming more disadvantaged and diverse but also when they become more residentially stable, whereas movers are more satisfied when relocating to neighbourhoods with higher levels of ethnoracial diversity. Moreover, neighbourhood fear and victimisation reduce satisfaction for both movers and stayers, but stayers' neighbouring declines in response to heightened fear whereas movers neighbour less when victimised. These findings suggest that investigations of the effects of neighbourhood change on place attachment should examine movers and stayers separately to account for differential neighbourhood selection processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Editorial. Highlights major conferences on art history held in 1999. Topics discussed at the conference of the College Art Association (CAA) of the United States, held in Los Angeles, California; British Association of Art Historians' conference in Southampton, England; Exchange of ideas; Airing of shared problems.