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Classifying papers according to the fields of knowledge is critical to clearly understand the dynamics of scientific (sub)fields, their leading questions, and trends. Most studies rely on journal categories defined by popular databases such as WoS or Scopus, but some experts find that those categories may not correctly map the existing subfields nor identify the subfield of a specific article. This study addresses the classification problem using data from each paper (Abstract, Title, Keywords, and the KeyWords Plus) and the help of experts to identify the existing subfields and journals exclusive of each subfield. These "exclusive journals" are critical to obtain, through a pattern detection procedure that uses machine learning techniques (from software NVivo), a list of the frequent terms that are specific to each subfield. With that list of terms and with the help of optimization procedures, we can identify to which subfield each paper most likely belongs. This study can contribute to support scientific policy‐makers, funding, and research institutions—via more accurate academic performance evaluations—, to support editors in their tasks to redefine the scopes of journals, and to support popular databases in their processes of refining categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Are computer science papers extended after they are published? We have surveyed 200 computer science publications, 100 journal articles, and 100 conference papers, using self-citations to identify potential and actual continuations. We are interested in determining the proportion of papers that do indeed continue, how and when the continuation takes place, and whether any distinctions are found between the journal and conference populations. Despite the implicit assumption of a research line behind each paper, manifest in the ubiquitous 'future research' notes that close many of them, we find that more than 70% of the papers are never continued. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To analyze the AI research in the field of nursing, to explore the current situation, hot topics, and prospects of AI research in the field of nursing, and to provide a reference for researchers to carry out related studies. Methods: We used the VOSviewer 1.6.17, SciMAT, and CiteSpace 5.8.R3 to generate visual cooperation network maps for the country, organizations, authors, citations, and keywords and perform burst detection, theme evolution, and so forth. Findings A total of 9318 articles were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection database. Four hundred and thirty‐one AI research related to the field of nursing was published by 855 institutions from 54 countries. CIN‐Computers Informatics Nursing was the top productive journal. The United States was the dominant country. The transnational cooperation between authors from developed countries was closer than that between authors from developing countries. The main hot topics included nurse rostering, nursing diagnosis, nursing decision support, disease risk factor prediction, nursing big data management, expert system, support vector machine, decision tree, deep learning, natural language processing, and nursing education. Machine learning represented one of the cutting‐edge and most applicable branches of artificial intelligence in the field of nursing, and deep learning was the hottest technology among many machine learning methods in recent years. One of the most cited papers was published by Burke in 2004 and cited 500 times, which critically evaluated AI methods to deal with nurse scheduling problems. Conclusions: Although AI has been paid more and more attention to the field of nursing, there is still a lack of high‐yielding authors who have been engaged in this field for a long time. Most of the high contribution authors and institutions came from developed countries; therefore, more transnational and multi‐disciplinary cooperation is needed to promote the development of AI in the nursing field. This bibliometric analysis not only provided a comprehensive overview to help researchers to understand the important articles, journals, potential collaborators, and institutions in this field but also analyzed the history, hot spots, and future trends of the research topic to provide inspiration for researchers to choose research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Announces the second international paper competition of the Special Interest Group/International Information Issues of the American Society for Information Science And Technology in the United States. Theme and standards of the writing contest; Award and privileges for the winners; Information regarding the submission of the manuscript.

Presents several announcements and follow-up reports on various conferences regarding systems science in the U.S. and abroad in 2005. The 9th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics; The International Conference on Environmental, Cultural, Economic and Social Sustainability; The First International Congress of the International Federation Systems Research: The New Roles of System Sciences.

This article attempts to measure the scientific productivity in terms of number of papers published in journals by authors in the field of information science, compared to the publication pattern for science in general. Information science has been defined by the American Society for Information Science as the science that investigates the properties and behavior of information, the forces governing the flow of information, and the means of processing information, for optimum accessibility and usability. According to this definition, information science emerges as an umbrella-like discipline. If the basic professional society in this discipline is considered to be the American Society for Information Science, then its prime indexing journal may be considered to be "Information Science Abstracts," and its prime review vehicle may be the "Annual Review of Information Science and Technology."

A highlight of the 2012 ASIS&T Annual Meeting, the pre-conference session on the History of ASIS&T and Information Science and Technology Worldwide drew presenters and attendees from around the globe. The day featured papers on four historical themes, starting with the institutional roots of ASIS&T and recognizing decades of research presented in the Annual Review of Information Science and Technology. The evolution of the field was apparent through a review of information revolutions prompted by the printing press, the post-World War II information crisis and the Internet, as well as through presentations on digital curation,ongoing work on relevance, sense-making theory and developments from Croatia to France.Discussion of the historical contexts of technology innovations and impacts consideredphotographic documentary techniques, binary computing and networking standards. The development of foundational ideas was explored through presentations on pioneering document indexing methods, the semantic challenge of term-oriented retrieval, early European perceptions of classification systems and the French view of communication and information science. Efforts to deepen the historical understanding of information science and technology will continue through oral history interviews, funded research and awards for outstanding papers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The International Federation of Classification Societies is organizing its Second Conference, to be held at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, Virginia from June 27-30, 1989. This Conference is devoted to the presentation of theoretical, methodological, and applied papers on classification, pattern recognition and related methods of statistics and data analysis in the broad sense. It includes mathematical, statistical and practical investigations in special fields of knowledge, and the interface between classification and Information Sciences.

The article offers news briefs on topics about the creation of a virtual SIG by SIG/Metrics and winners of the 2010 SIG/III International Paper Contest by the American Society for Information Science and Technology Special Interest Group/International Information Issues (ASIS&T SIG/III).

The article focuses on the conversations initiated by the American Society for Information Science and Technology (ASIS&T) president Gary Marchionini, that encourage its members to impart their thoughts and ideas in a series of conference calls on specific topics. There are two conference calls that have occurred, one of which was centered on the price of admission for members. The conference calls, which were structured as conversations are limited to 20 participants to keep it manageable. The first discussion was framed on how ASIS&T members can best collaborate with other professional organizations around the globe and the second one was focused on ASIS&T recruitment and retention as well as the role of the ASIS&T Annual Meeting.

This paper develops an understanding of creativity to meet the requirements of the decision of the Supreme Court of the United States in Feist v. Rural (1991). The inclusion of creativity in originality, in a minimal degree of creativity, and in a creative spark below the level required for originality, is first established. Conditions for creativity are simultaneously derived. Clauses negatively implying creativity are then identified and considered. The clauses that imply creativity can be extensively correlated with conceptions of computability. The negative of creativity is then understood as an automatic mechanical or computational procedure or a so routine process that results in a highly routine product. Conversely, creativity invariantly involves a not mechanical procedure. The not mechanical is then populated by meaning, in accord with accepted distinctions, drawing on a range of discourses. Meaning is understood as a different level of analysis to the syntactic or mechanical and also as involving direct human engagement with meaning. As direct engagement with meaning, it can be connected to classic concepts of creativity, through the association of dissimilars. Creativity is finally understood as not mechanical human activity above a certain level of routinicity. Creativity is then integrated with a minimal degree of creativity and with originality. The level of creativity required for a minimal degree is identified as intellectual. The combination of an intellectual level with a sufficient amount of creativity can be read from the exchange values connected with the product of creative activity. Humanly created bibliographic records and indexes are then possible correlates to, or constituents of, a minimal degree of creativity. A four-stage discriminatory process for determining originality is then specified. Finally, the strength and value of the argument are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides the results of the scholarly communication survey of the American Society for Information Science and Technology (ASIS&T) in the U.S. in 2007. It found out that the face of information and library science is changing. It appeared that on the average, the authors in the survey sample group published one to two papers a year. It revealed that 75.4 percent of the respondents indicated that they had good or excellent access to journal literature and 80.8 percent read the journal of the ASIS&T (JASIST). It also determined that 95.7 percent of them had at least some knowledge of open access journals.

Several studies have demonstrated that once people perceive an individual or group as hostile or threatening, i.e., as an ‘enemy,’ biases enter their processing of information in regard to the actions of that individual or group. These biases may affect any phase of social information processing, including attention, encoding, memory, assessment of credibility. evaluation of hostility, expectation of future action, and attribution. In this paper, we use data from published reports as well as previously unpublished studies to demonstrate that such biases affect how individual citizens of the United States and the U.S. media process information regarding the actions of the Soviet Union. This bias reinforces and exaggerates the U.S. enemy image of the Soviet Union. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the origins of library networks and traces their development in the United States in the late 1960s through the present. The concept of resource sharing, with particular attention to the interlibrary loan and programs for the cooperative acquisition and storage of materials, is examined in relationship to library networks. In particular, attention is given to the question of how these two major components of library cooperation, which have tended to be separate, might become more closely integrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent technological advances and the success of OCLC, Inc. has led to the emergence of three additional nonprofit library networks: the Research Libraries Information Network (RLIN) of the Research Libraries Group, Inc., the University of Toronto Library Automation System (UTLAS), and the Washington Library Network (WLN). This paper examines the economic and technological factors affecting the evolution of these networks and also explores the role of those state and regional (multistate) networks that broker OCLC services. The competitive and cooperative nature of network relationships is a major theme of the discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article summarizes the results of a comparison of the coverage of "Literature Notes" with that of other services. The results reported here are indicative of the variations in coverage among the services and give some idea of the total extent of the literature. These variations result in part from differences in the scope of the services: Chemical Literature includes some items of interest solely to chemists that the other services would consider too specialized to include, such as detailed discussions of chemical nomenclature, and Library Science Abstracts.

The article presents a collection of bibliographical notes on and abstracts of books and articles pertaining to various aspects of the organization of information is the sixth installment of the bibliography compiled cooperatively by the Committee on Organization of Information of the American Documentation Institute. "Abstracts of Corrosion Literature" published in the April 1951 issue of "Science," will be printed by the National Association of Corrosion Engineers on punch cards to reduce time needed to search literature for information. "The Association of Research Libraries Committee on National Needs," an article from the Library of Congress Information Bulletin, provides information on the committee, which was established recently to consider the adequacy of national resources of research materials in terms of the content, growth, organization and bibliographical control of library collections as those collections may be called upon to serve critical national needs in the present and in the future.

Highlights of the history of the American Documentation Institute (ADI) (1937-1967) are sketched, giving background on the concepts and aspirations of Watson Davis (1896-1967), founder of ADI and one of the first Americans to become interested in documentation as a separate field of endeavor. Davis organized ADI as a service organization, concentrating primarily on offering microfilming services. Since 1952 ADI has grown in importance as a professional organization, gradually developing to a state of financial self-sufficiency, intellectual influence, and benefaction to its members. These developments are traced for the most part in chronologial order, sometimes with the use of footnotes to bring up to date matters introduced in the text at the time of their earliest importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a survey of practical training being conducted in the United States. All the universities known by the authors to have programs to train information scientists and all the industrial organizations known or thought to have programs for this type of training were surveyed. No qualitative assessments are made by the authors. Rather, quantitative results of the survey are presented on various program characteristics. Tables 1 & 2 summarize certain facts about the programs of the organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the information field (I Field) becomes more recognized by different constituencies for education and research, the need to better understand its intellectual characteristics becomes more compelling. Although there are various conceptualizations of the I Field, to date, in-depth studies based on empirical evidence are scarce. This article reports a study that fills this gap. We focus on the first five I Schools in the I Caucus as a proxy to represent the I Field. The intellectual characteristics are depicted by two independent sets of data on tenure track faculty as knowledge contributors: their intellectual heritages and the intellectual substance in their journal publications. We use a critical analysis method to examine doctoral training areas and 3 years of journal publications. Our results indicate that (a) the I Field can be better conceptualized with empirical support by a four-component model that includes People, Information, Technology, and Management, as predicted by the I- Model ( Zhang & Benjamin, 2007); (b) the I Schools' faculty members are diverse, interdisciplinary, and multidisciplinary as shown by their intellectual heritages, by their research foci, by journals in which they publish, by the contexts within which they conduct research, and by the levels of analysis in research investigations; (c) the five I Schools share similarities while evincing differences in both faculty heritages and intellectual substances; (d) I School tenure track faculty members do not collaborate much with each other within or across schools although there is great potential; and (e) intellectual heritages are not good predictors of scholars' intellectual substance. We conclude by discussing the implications of the findings on I Field identity, I Field development, new I School formation and existing I School evolution, faculty career development, and collaboration within the I Field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the American Society for Information Science and Technology (ASIS&T) Annual Meeting to be held in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in October 2010.

The article discusses the deterioration of tagging in Web development in the U.S. It states that tagging became popular in 2003 when the Web 2.0 phenomenon captured the attention of web designers, developers, information architects and entrepreneurs. However, in 2007, a number of people noticed that tagging seemed to be stuck and undeveloped. Moreover, the paper presented the blog that started the conversation about the deterioration of tagging, as well as the four trends that point toward tagging's future.

This article presents information on the conference entitled "The Communication of Specialized Information," sponsored by the Graduate Library School of the University of Chicago in August 1952. The conference deals with problems associated with the dissemination of specialized information in the sciences and technologies, and the speakers are almost exclusively drawn from those engaged in the many and diverse specialized information services of the United States government.

An analysis of the main sources of information reported for eight improved farm practices by 107 farmers in an upper Piedmont community of North Carolina reveals important differences in the sources reported by farmers of different socio-economic levels and in the sources reported for different types of practices. Farmers of the upper socioeconomic levels gave agricultural agencies most frequently while those of the lower socio-economic levels gave other farmers and dealers most frequently as their main source of information. Other farmers or dealers were also given more frequently as the main source for those practices associated with established farm operations, such as corn growing; while the agricultural agencies and mass media were more important sources for practices, such as permanent pastures and contouring, which represent more recent innovations in farming operations in the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a survey of a number of issues that are concerned with information science, of importance outside the field as well as within, and generally caused by or related to changes in technology. Issues ore considered in four broad categories, those concerned with computers, communications, image recording and information content. Their importance lies in the fact that how they are resolved will affect the transition of the United States from a primarily industrial to a post industrial society. The intent of the article is to present the issues and their possible impact rather than to offer solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents several letters to the editor. Information on a guide to the increasing number of short films relevant to documentation; View on mathematical analysis of various superimposed coding methods with a great deal of interest; response on a paper by Gerald Oster from the Department of Chemistry, Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, New York entitled "Photoreproduotion."

The article states that as announced in the July issue of the "American Documentation," the School of Library Science, and its Center for Documentation and Communication Research, at Western Reserve University, will sponsor on January 16th through 18th, 1956, a conference on "The Practical Utilization of Recorded Knowledge "Present and Future." This conference which is designed to meet the needs of business, government, research management, scientists, lawyers, doctors, librarians, information specialists, educators, equipment manufacturers, and others concerned with the effective management of recorded information will be held at the University Library and Severance Hall.

This article reports that the increased speeds, distances and areas encompassed in modern naval operations require a large collection of documentary, graphical and map material. The necessity for mass duplication of this bulk of material, retention of quality, and time and cost factors complicate the problem of distribution of material to the operating units. Information originating both inside and outside of the U.S. Department of the Navy must be constantly disseminated to the operating units. The central office, which receives this information, must not only index and file it as quickly and easily as possible, but also send it to the cognizant unit. Many methods have been devised to solve the problem of collecting, cataloging, reproducing and distributing graphic information in quantity.

Research activities related to social informatics (SI) are expanding, even as community fragmentation, topical dispersion, and methodological diversity continue to increase. Specifically, the different understandings of SI in regional communities have strong impacts, and each has a different history, methodological grounding, and often a different thematic focus. The aim of this article is to connect three selected perspectives on SI—intellectual (regional schools of thought), methodological, and thematic—and introduce a comparative framework for understanding SI that includes all known approaches. Thus, the article draws from a thematic and methodological grounding of research across schools of thought, along with definitions that rely on the extension and intension of the notion of SI. The article is built on a paralogy of views and pluralism typical of postmodern science. Because SI is forced to continually reform its research focus, due to the rapid development of information and communication technology, social changes and ideologies that surround computerization and informatization, the presented perspective maintains a high degree of flexibility, without the need to constantly redefine the boundaries, as is typical in modern science. This approach may support further developments in promoting and understanding SI worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using information theory, we measure innovation systemness as synergy among size‐classes, ZIP Codes, and technological classes (NACE‐codes) for 8.5 million American companies. The synergy at the national level is decomposed at the level of states, Core‐Based Statistical Areas (CBSA), and Combined Statistical Areas (CSA). We zoom in to the state of California and in more detail to Silicon Valley. Our results do not support the assumption of a national system of innovations in the U.S.A. Innovation systems appear to operate at the level of the states; the CBSA are too small, so that systemness spills across their borders. Decomposition of the sample in terms of high‐tech manufacturing (HTM), medium‐high‐tech manufacturing (MHTM), knowledge‐intensive services (KIS), and high‐tech services (HTKIS) does not change this pattern, but refines it. The East Coast—New Jersey, Boston, and New York—and California are the major players, with Texas a third one in the case of HTKIS. Chicago and industrial centers in the Midwest also contribute synergy. Within California, Los Angeles contributes synergy in the sectors of manufacturing, the San Francisco area in KIS. KIS in Silicon Valley and the Bay Area—a CSA composed of seven CBSA—spill over to other regions and even globally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses issues related to information science. Director of the Office of Scientific Research and Development, Vannevar Bush, more than anyone else in the U.S., had been concerned with ways to facilitate the transfer of scientific information toward the very practical goal of winning the war. This done, he turned to the extension of these means to the service of research more broadly. He called for the creation of new tools, using then-existing technology, which would free the researcher from enslavement to repetitive rote operations.

The article reports on the appointment of J. Stephen Downie as associate dean for research at the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign's Graduate School of Library and Information Science (GSLIS), and the publication of the book "Introduction to Information Science and Technology."

The article describes the type of paper submissions that will be accepted by the program committee of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. There are four types of paper submissions: 1) contributed papers; 2) contributed posters and short papers; 3) symposia and panels; and, 4) pre-conference sessions. For instance, contributed papers present original, recent research and design projects, and theoretical developments or innovative practical applications providing more general insight into an area of practice.

ASIS&T has reinforced its founding purpose by joining with other organizations to create a master schedule of worldwide conferences on information science, the International Calendar of Information Science Conferences. Since 1963 ASIS&T's own annual meeting has been a primary venue for sharing research in information science and technology. The 2011 meeting will focus on the use of information and communication to "bridge the gulf" between society, technology and work. In 2000 ASIS&T expanded its educational offerings with a focus on information architecture, initiating the popular IA Summit. The new RDAP Summit convened for the second year in 2011 to promote interoperability among institutional repositories. Through its Annual Meetings and Summits and by facilitating the international calendar of global conferences, ASIS&T continues to be a leader in promoting professional information exchange. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on the project of Global Information Village Plaza and SIG/III programs. The Global Information Village Plaza is an innovative and highly applauded program that was originally proposed and later run by Nadia Caidi and Michel Menou. The Global Plaza represents a welcome addition to the array of SIG/III programs, including the International Paper Contest, the InfoShare program and other technical sessions at the Annual Meetings, which all help put SIG/III in a better position to fulfill its goals. The success of the Global Plaza as well as that of other SIG/III programs is the result of the dedication of officers and members of the American Society for Information Science and Technology who work hard to make SIG/III meaningful and beneficial to so many people. Currently, SIG/III has about 150 active members from many countries, with diverse backgrounds in both academic and professional worlds.

In this article we use a stated choice experiment to study researcher preferences in the information sciences and to investigate the relative importance of different journal characteristics in convincing potential authors to submit to a particular journal. The analysis distinguishes high quality from standard quality articles and focuses on the question whether communicating acceptance rates rather than rejection rates leads to other submission decisions. Our results show that a positive framing effect might be present when authors decide on submitting a high quality article. No evidence of a framing effect is found when authors consider a standard quality article. From a journal marketing perspective, this is important information for editors. Communicating acceptance rates rather than rejection rates might help to convince researchers to submit to their journal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two plenary sessions featuring big names in the digital world will highlight a conference program focusing on Managing and Enhancing Information: Cultures and Conflicts, at the 2004 Annual Meeting of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, from November 12-17, in Providence, Rhode Island. The first of the two plenary sessions is Sunday, November 14, when J.C. Hen, principal of Joystick Nation and a noted journalist and lecturer, will discuss the application of complex systems and game design to products, services and learning systems. The second plenary session at the 2004 Annual Meeting features keynoter Tim Berners-Lee, widely regarded as the inventor of the World Wide Web. Berners-Lee currently serves as director of the World Wide Web Consortium. While the two general sessions provide a great deal of sizzle and substance to the meeting, the real meat and potatoes is contained in the six dozen or so contributed paper and panel sessions covering virtually every aspect of information science. These sessions have been sorted into seven major tracks: disciplinary issues, digital libraries, user behavior, system design. information organization, knowledge management and use, and resources and services.

The article provides information about the paper "Local Access to the Aerospace Technical Literature," by Melvin S. Day. It describes the information service of the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). It emphasizes the local special library as the most important source of information. Its aim is to satisfy its users, provide up-to-date information, cooperate with other information services to prevent overlapping. Bibliographies and many other publications are produced, all contributing to fulfill the aim to provide the information which NASA collects and organizes to the user locally.