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The first true common volume observations of the PMSE source region with 4 radars are presented in this paper. Radar frequencies of 8, 56, 224, and 930 MHz are used in this study. Three days of experimental observations at EISCAT are presented. Numerical simulations of mesospheric dusty/ice plasma associated with the observed radar frequencies are presented. The effect of neutral air turbulence on the generation and strength of plasma density perturbations associated with PMSE using four radar frequencies and in the presence of various dust parameters is investigated. Using the model it is shown that the well‐known neutral air turbulence in the presence of heavy dust particles and neutral air turbulence combined with dust density (dusty turbulence) can largely explain the observed radar cross‐section at four radar frequencies. The effect of neutral air turbulence amplitude along with dust charging and diffusion in the presence of various dust parameters is investigated using the computational model. Specifically, the response of diffusion to charging time scales, plasma density fluctuation amplitude and background dusty plasma parameters are discussed. Several key parameters in the dusty plasma responsible for the PMSE observations are determined. Qualitative comparison of radar echo strength at 4 frequencies with numerical results is provided. Unlike the previous studies that required large dust particles of 20 nm for PMSE formation, the present work demonstrates the possibility of small dust particles to explain the experimental observations. Key Points: The first simultaneous four radar frequency observation of the PMSE is presentedThe computational results and observations validate the fossil theory proposed to 14 produce the PMSEThe effect of initial turbulence amplitude along with dust charging and diffusion 16 in the presence of various dust parameters is investigated for the first time [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the role of dust grain's gravitational force on the nonlinear dust‐acoustic oscillations in non‐Maxwellian dusty plasma is analyzed. It is shown that increasing the number of non‐thermal ions causes the diminution of the electrostatic potential's amplitude and a reduction in the number of oscillations introduced by the gravitational force. We have also found that reducing the size of the dust grain induces qualitatively the same effects as an increase in the number of non‐thermal ions and when the gravitational force is considered, the electric charge exhibits oscillatory profile and becomes less negative far away from the origin. This result may be interesting in the study of astrophysical plasmas where the electromagnetic force is smaller than the gravitational one such as in the Halley Comet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of dust grain pressure on the head‐on collision of two dust‐acoustic solitary waves in non‐magnetized, collisionless, and strongly coupled dust plasma has been investigated [J. Plasma Phys. (2020), 86, 905,860,111]. In this paper, the model is augmented by incorporating the ion drag force on dust grains. By way of the extended perturbation method of Poincaré‐Lighthill‐Kuo, Korteweg‐de Vries equations are derived. The wave characteristics along with the phase shifts after the head‐on collision are analytically established and numerically assessed. It revealed a non‐negligible decrease in the wave amplitude and the phase shift. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The International Conference on "Strongly Coupled Coulomb Systems" (SCCS) was held in Görlitz, Germany from July 24-29, 2022. The conference, organized by the Center for Advanced Systems Understanding (CASUS), brought together researchers from various disciplines to discuss research achievements and ideas related to plasma-liquid and condensed-matter systems dominated by strong Coulomb interactions. The conference covered a wide range of topics, including confined and mesoscopic Coulomb systems, astrophysical plasmas, dense hydrogen, dusty plasmas, and more. The conference was held in a hybrid format, allowing both in-person and virtual participation. Over 100 researchers from four continents participated, and the proceedings of the conference have been published in Contributions to Plasma Physics. [Extracted from the article]

Ladle slag is a byproduct formed during the ladle refining stage of steel making. It is a dusty material that has been considered industrial waste. Technical advancements towards a sustainable industry led to the development of different applications for ladle slag. Depending on the processing methods during the steel slag production and the weathering of the slag post‐production, the elemental composition of the steel slag largely varies. Owing to this, its characteristics cannot be generalized and specific applications depending on the sources are developed. It is generally used in construction materials, soil rejuvenation, and CO2 capture. This paper reviews the production process, the mineralogical and morphological properties, stabilization techniques, and the applications of ladle furnace (LF) slag. One of the prime focuses of waste remediation and sustainable industry is to find meaningful ways to turn waste into products. In this respect, a comprehensive review of the properties of LF slag and its current application will help provide a framework for the development of future sustainability goals. With increased slag usage, the ladle refining process of steelmaking can be turned into a more carbon‐neutral process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dusty plasma diffusion was applied to model the plasma response to perturbations in dust density, which yields small‐scale irregularities in electron density that are responsible for Polar Mesosphere Summer Echos. Previous diffusion models treated aerosols either as fixed‐charge dust or as multiple‐charge‐state dust using chemical rate equations. The growth of aerosol particles was previously considered in the study of layered structures in mesospheric clouds, but it has not been incorporated into dust diffusion. In this paper, a multicomponent diffusion of a dusty plasma, consisting of electrons, ions, and charged aerosols, is developed, accounting for the growth of the aerosols. It is shown that, for typical parameters in polar mesopause region, the evolution of the density structures of the dusty plasma undergoes an initial charging process (approximately 100 s), then an ambipolar diffusion process on ion time scale (approximately hundreds of seconds), and the aerosol diffusion on dust time scale (>104 s). Furthermore, the growth of the aerosols retards the dust diffusion and causes the transition from anticorrelation to correlation between the electron and ion density perturbations (contrary to only anticorrelation or correlation as in the case without considering the growth). The growth also bends the density profiles from upward shifting to downward sedimentation. In addition, larger initial grain radius and the width of the initial perturbation result in slower diffusion. The diffusion is much faster at 88 km than at 82 km. Key Points: Multicomponent diffusion model including the growth of dust grains was established and numerically studiedDust growth retards the diffusion and causes the transition from anticorrelation to correlation between electron and ion densitiesDust growth bends density profiles from upward shifting to downward sedimentation on a time scale of a few thousand seconds [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the problem of large amplitude dust acoustic (DA) solitons has been addressed in a charge varying dusty plasma with ions following a Cairns‐Gurevich distribution. Based on the orbit motion limited approach, the correct Cairns‐Gurevich ion charging current is presented for the first time. The expression relating the variable dust charge to the plasma potential is given in terms of the Lambert function and we take advantage of this transcendental function to, carefully, analyse DA solitons in a charge varying dusty plasma with trapped nonthermal ions. Our results show that the spatial patterns of the variable charge solitary wave are significantly changed due to the presence of ion population modelled by the Cairns‐Gurevich distribution. An addition of a small concentration of trapped nonthermal ions makes the solitary structure less spiky, grows the net negative charge residing on the dust grain surface, and contributes to the electron depletion. Finally, our investigation is extended to highlight the effect of the grain dust charge variation. We have shown that under certain conditions, the impact of dust charge fluctuation may furnish an alternate physical mechanism rasing anomalous dissipation, which becomes more strong and may predominate over the dispersion as the nonthermal character of ions following the Cairns‐Gurevich distribution increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new technique for investigating dust charging in the PMSE (polar mesospheric summer echoes) source region is proposed and discussed in this paper. The first high‐frequency (HF) modulation of the PMSE with varying pump power was employed during a recent experimental campaign at EISCAT (European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association). Two experiment setups including HF pump power stepping as well as quasi‐continuous power sweeping were used. The experiment was designed based on a computational model capable of simulation of PMSE evolution during HF pump modulation in order to develop a new approach for studying the dust charging process in the PMSE source region. The charge state of dust particles along with background dusty plasma parameters is estimated using the experimental and computational results. A detailed future experimental design based on background dusty‐plasma parameters is proposed. Key Points: First radio modulation of PMSE source region with varying HF pump power is presentedDirect observation of dust charging in the mesosphere through controlled Te/Ti is observedPower stepping and continuous power sweeping can be used for charge state validation and saturated charge state determination, respectively [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports experiments on self‐excited dust acoustic waves (DAWs) and its propagation characteristics in a magnetized rf discharge plasma. The DAWs are spontaneously excited in dusty plasma after adding more particles in the confining potential well and found to propagate in the direction of streaming ions. The spontaneous excitation of such low‐frequency modes is possible due to the instabilities associated with streaming ions through the dust grain medium. The background E‐field and neutral pressure determine the stability of excited DAWs. The characteristics of DAWs strongly depend on the strength of external magnetic field. The magnetic field of strength B < 0.05 T only modifies the characteristics of propagating waves in dusty plasma at moderate power and pressure, P = 3.5 W and p = 27 Pa, respectively. It is found that DAWs start to be damped with increasing the magnetic field beyond B > 0.05 T and get completely damped at higher magnetic field B ∼ 0.13 T. After lowering the power and pressure to 3 W and 23 Pa respectively, the excited DAWs in the absence of B are slightly unstable. In this case, the magnetic field only stabilizes and modifies the propagation characteristics of DAWs while the strength of B is increased up to 0.1 T or even higher. The modification of the sheath electric field where particles are confined in the presence of the external magnetic field is the main cause of the modification and damping of the DAWs in a magnetized rf discharge plasma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This special issue of CPP is devoted to the memory of an outstanding Russian physicist - Academician Vladimir Fortov (January 23, 1946-November 29, 2020). He made outstanding contributions to the physics of extreme states of matter and to the physics of high energy densities, the physics of shock and detonation waves, thermal physics, chemical physics, energetics, and other areas of physics and technology. Under Vladimir's leadership, a series of pioneering experimental and theoretical studies of the structural and dynamic properties of plasma-dust crystals was carried out in a wide range of temperatures and pressures. [Extracted from the article]

Although most experiments in complex plasmas correspond to non-linear grain screening, the theoretical models of non-linear screening have not been checked experimentally. Scattering of electromagnetic waves on a single nonlinearly screened dust grain in plasmas can serve as one of effective methods for investigation of non-linear screening. In present paper we have developed a theory for electromagnetic wave scattering that includes both the effect of coherency of scattering for long wave range and the loss of coherency with a decrease of the wave length. It is valid for arbitrary non-linearity in screening and demonstrates that the loss of coherency occurs for wave length less then the characteristic screening length for non-linear screening being usually substantially larger than the linear Debye screening length. The effect is illustrated numerically using the most popular model of non-linear screening. The dependence of the cross-section of scattering on parameter of non-linearity in screening is calculated numerically. The loss of coherency in scattering by a single grain can serve as effective diagnostic for checking the theoretical models of non-linear screening. (© 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper the results of studying of the electron temperature of buffer and complex plasmas in mixtures of noble gases (helium + argon) in capacitively coupled radiofrequency (CCRF) discharge are presented. The optical properties of dusty plasma in argon, helium and their mixtures have been studied using optical diagnostic methods. Based on spectral lines of plasma forming gases, the dependence of the electron temperature on gas pressure and discharge power has been determined. The axial distribution of electron temperature in the interelectrode gap has been measured. Measurements have been made using an RF compensated electric probe. The comparison of the experimental results shows that admixture of a small amount of argon to helium leads to a decrease in the electron temperature of buffer plasma. The presence of dust particles in the plasma causes an increase in the electron temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper weakly and strongly non-ideal plasmas are considered. In both cases the equations of state for hydrogen and dusty plasmas were studied on the basis of effective potentials. In the first case the thermodynamic properties for hydrogen plasmas were studied by the method of effective potentials taking into account quantummechanical diffraction, symmetry and screening effects. For strongly non-ideal plasma or dusty plasma the equations of state were considered using radial distribution functions and effective interaction potential, which describes interactions of charged dust grains with dipole moments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PIV images of a dusty plasma (obtained after averaging 50 images) flow in a horizontal plane at different vertical locations of confined dust grains in a potential well. (a) Topmost dust grains (b) 2mm below the topmost dust grains plane, (c) 4mm lower than the topmost dust grains plane, (d) 6mm lower than the topmost dust grains plane. Fig. 5 of the paper by Mangilal Choudhary. https://doi.org/10.1002/ctpp.202300072. [Extracted from the article]

The slowing down of a charged particle beam passing through the dusty plasma with a non‐thermal velocity α‐distribution is studied. By using the Fokker‐Planck collision theory, we derive the deceleration factor and slowing down time and make the numerical analyses. We show that the non‐thermal velocity α‐distributions of the plasma components have a significant effect on the slowing down. With increase of the mean velocity, the deceleration factor increases rapidly, reaches a peak and then decreases gradually. And the entire peak of the deceleration factor moves generally to the right with the increase of the α‐parameter. The slowing down time decreases with the increase of the non‐thermal α‐parameter, and so the slowing down time in the non‐thermal dusty plasma is generally less than that in a Maxwellian one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dust detection is an important area of research, especially for determining the space environment in Earth orbit. Satellites such as the GPS constellation are vital for millions of people everyday and dust impacts on spacecraft can lead to catastrophic failure when particles are large enough (Caswell et al., 1995, https://doi.org/10.1016/0734-743X(95)99843-G). However, dust particles micron‐sized or smaller can be detected due to the plasma cloud that is released from their impact (Meyer‐Vernet, 1983, https://doi.org/10.1029/JA088iA10p08081). We investigate the practicality of using voltage power spectroscopy on a CubeSat with dipole antennas to measure the dust particles from such collisions and to characterize the Earth's ionosphere from 300‐ to 1,500‐km altitude. We find that the average power spectrum due to dust from space debris and interplanetary sources is at least 6 orders of magnitude smaller than the shot noise spectrum. Within 10 s of a 2009 Iridium‐COSMOS type satellite collision the average power spectrum due to dust impacts is at least 8 orders of magnitude smaller. Detection using the power spectrum is only possible for large enough single‐particle impact events, which are rare. For the average spectrum to be 3 times larger than the shot noise spectrum, the particle would need to be at least 5.4, 4.0, and 3.2 μm in diameter for a polar orbit at 300‐, 800‐, and 1,500‐km altitude, respectively, which corresponds to one hit every 2,150, 110, and 225 min, respectively. Direct time domain observation of the voltage signal of dust impact plasma clouds would be a more effective method for measuring dust particles in the ionosphere. Key Points: Single‐particle impacts are detectable using voltage power spectroscopy on a CubeSat dipole antenna if the particle is large (>2 micron)Average power spectra from space debris and interplanetary dust are undetectable over shot noiseThe evolving dust cloud from a COSMOS‐Iridium type satellite collision decreases below the interplanetary level spectrum within 30 s [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In some harsh environments, certain gases are very important for the safety, such as methane gas from underground coal mines, which may explode causing catastrophic consequences. However, such gas detections are often disturbed by the particles. In this study, aiming at the scenario of underground coal mines, electrospun filters were developed and used as the pre‐filter of electronic nose (PFEN) to mitigate the disturbance on gas detection in dusty environments. Two poly (ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) filters and four poly (ε‐caprolactone)/graphene oxide (PCL/GO) filters have been prepared and compared with two commercial filters. The results shows that all filters did not affect the response of sensors to the detecting gas as compared with that without filters. The PCL/GO filter at GO concentration of 0.03% (PCL/GO‐3) had the best performance. The PCL/GO‐3 filter exhibited high removal efficiency of particulate matter (PM) with 99.27% (PM1), 99.67% (PM2.5), and 99.90% (PM10), low pressure drop of 75 Pa, and highest quality factor of 0.076 as compared with other filters. In addition, the PCL/GO‐3 filter exhibited higher tensile strength than those of other electrospun filters and commercial filters. These results indicate that the electrospun filters can be excellent option to be used as PFEN for mitigating PM deposition for gas detection in dusty environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effect of the secondary electron emission (SEE) on the tungsten dust particle in a plasma with super‐extensive electrons is studied in the energy range of 10eV

Ion beam‐dusty plasma interaction leads to significant changes in the dispersion relation of shear Alfven wave depending on the beam, dust grain, and plasma parameters. Hydrogen ion beam particles interact with the shear Alfven wave via cyclotron interaction when they counter‐propagate with the wave and they can also interact with the co‐propagating wave via Cerenkov interaction. The interaction causes beam as well as plasma density fluctuations and gives rise to perpendicular currents. We have analytically obtained the dispersion relation and the growth/damping rate expressions for obliquely propagating shear Alfven waves in dusty plasma. The effect of beam velocity, magnetic field, wave number, dust particle density, and dust charge fluctuations are discussed. It is shown that both the wave frequency and the maximum growth rate decrease with an increase in beam velocity and the variations are different for parallel and perpendicular wave numbers. The dust particles enhance the frequency and maximum growth rate while the dust charge fluctuations induce damping. The results are in good agreement with the experimental observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both linear and weakly nonlinear dust‐acoustic (DA) solitons propagation are revisited in the presence of adiabatically trapped‐nonextensive ions. A physically relevant distribution (called Tsallis‐Gurevich ions distribution) is outlined here for the first time. The effect of particle trapping has been taken into account, resulting in a new expression for the ion density. The role a background ion nonextensivity may play on the main proprieties (viz., dispersion relation and soliton's profile) of DA mode, inherent to space dusty plasma, is then analysed. In the q > 1 case, we have shown that as the nonextensive character of trapped ions increases in the plasma, the potential pulse amplitude increases while its width is narrowed. The modifications prompted by the presence of adiabatically trapped‐nonextensive ions on both DA energy and solitary wave's electric field are also analysed. Interestingly, we have found that DA soliton energy increases as the ions evolve far away from their Maxwellian extensive trapping. Also, it is found that, for q > 1, the stronger the inter‐ions correlation, the stronger the electric field. Our investigation, motivated by space and laboratory plasma observations of plasmas containing non‐Maxwellian particles alongside trapped particles, may complement and provide new insight into previously published works dealing with solitary waves in plasma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two‐dimensional cluster and pattern formation by charged grains in plasma under external harmonic force and transverse magnetic field is investigated using molecular dynamics simulation. It is found that, as a result of the Yukawa‐like grain‐grain interaction and the external fields, the asymptotic quasistationary state of an initially homogeneous and Maxwellian velocity distributed grain system can be a disk cluster with the grain trajectories having flowery zonal patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semiconductor nanocrystals, quantum dots (QDs), are known to exhibit the quantum‐confined Stark effect which reveals itself in the shift of their photoluminescence spectra in response to the external electric field. It was, therefore, proposed to use QDs deposited on the microparticle surface for the optical measurement of the charge acquired by the microparticles in low‐temperature plasmas. Another physical process leading to the shift of the photoluminescence spectra of the QDs is heating. Charging of plasma‐facing surfaces is always accompanied by their heating. Thermal balance of a quantum dot residing on the surface of a microparticle immersed in a plasma is considered in this work. It is shown that under periodically pulsed plasma conditions, the spectral shift of the photoluminescence of the quantum dot caused by the oscillations of its temperature becomes undetectable if the effective thermal flux characterizing the thermal contact between the quantum dot and the microparticle exceeds the value ranging from 108$$ {10}^8 $$ to 1010$$ {10}^{10} $$s−1$$ {\mathrm{s}}^{-1} $$ depending on the plasma parameters. If this effective thermal flux exceeds the above‐mentioned values, the entire spectral shift observed during the period of plasma pulsing should be attributed to the quantum‐confined Stark effect due to the microparticle charge. Lower‐boundary estimate for the effective thermal flux for the direct contact between the quantum dot and the microparticle is ∼1012$$ \sim {10}^{12} $$s−1$$ {\mathrm{s}}^{-1} $$. Estimations based on the heat conductivity of ligand‐stabilized nanocrystal arrays yield even higher values of the effective thermal flux ∼1013$$ \sim {10}^{13} $$s−1$$ {\mathrm{s}}^{-1} $$. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experimental investigations of dusty plasma parameters of a DC glow discharge were performed in helium and argon. In the discharge in helium, at high discharge current dust-free regions (voids) were formed in the center of the dust particles clouds that levitated in the strong electric field of a stratified positive column. In experiments with argon, the dust particles were moved from the center of the discharge tube to the periphery at high discharge current. The behavior of voids formation was investigated for different discharge conditions (sort of gas, discharge pressure and discharge current) and dust particles parameters (particles radii and particles total number). It was shown that it is the ion drag force radial component that leads to the formation of voids in helium and moves the particles to the tube periphery in argon discharge. (© 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our editorial board is continuing its efforts to provide the best possible service to authors and the plasma physics community. To compensate for those missing topical issues, the editorial board has decided to arrange for separate special topical issues of our journal that will be a valuable resource for plasma physics researchers. As mentioned in the most recent editorial, SP [ sp 4 SP ] sp CPP was among the first journals to broadly offering free open access to a large fraction of authors via the consortium I Projekt DEAL i . SP [ sp 4 SP ] sp We are satisfied that many authors took this opportunity. [Extracted from the article]

The bifurcation types and phase portraits of non‐linear dust ion‐acoustic travelling waves are studied in a dusty plasma comprising warm adiabatic ions, non‐thermal electrons and stationary cold dust species. A dynamical system is derived for the plasma waves evolution, and then the bifurcation response is determined on the equilibrium points‐non‐thermal parameter plane. It is shown that the motion dynamics of travelling waves undergoes a transcritical as well as saddle‐node bifurcations for the critical values of energetic electrons. We indicate that a sudden emergence and transition between solitary waves and non‐linear periodic waves occur at the critical point of transcritical bifurcation. For the saddle‐node bifurcation, we show that both solitary and super‐nonlinear periodic waves disappear, and only a large amplitude periodic wave can propagate in plasma. Further, the coexistence of solitary waves, non‐linear and super‐nonlinear waves are investigated for different values of plasma parameters. The results obtained here could be applicable to different space and astrophysical plasma systems, particularly in Saturn's E‐ring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dust ion acoustic waves (DIAWs) are analysed in multi‐component plasmas via reductive perturbation technique comprising inertial ions, (r, q) distributed electrons, and stationary dust by using fluid theory of plasmas. The modified Kadomtsev‐Petviashvili (MKP) equation is obtained for the critical condition at which the quadratic nonlinearity vanishes. Hirota's bilinear formalism is employed, for the first time, to study the two‐soliton solutions of MKP equation in the context of plasma physics. The effects of flatness at low energy (represented by r) and superthermality at high energy (represented by q) of electrons in phase space are investigated for the linear and nonlinear propagation of DIAWs. It is found that the amplitude of the nonlinear DIAW is highest for the flat‐topped distribution, whereas it is lowest for kappa distribution. Using the plasma parameters of Saturn's B‐ring. The estimates are given of the spatial scales over which the MKP solitons form for flat‐topped, kappa, and Maxwellian distributions, respectively. It is also discussed in detail how the presence of dust and non‐Maxwellian electron distributions affect the interaction of MKP solitons in Saturn's B‐ring. In addition, the interaction of a compressive and rarefactive soliton is studied giving results not achievable for KdV and KP equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A multispecies magnetized collisional nonthermal plasma system, containing inertial ion species, noninertial electron species following nonthermal κ‐distribution, and immobile dust particles, is considered to examine the characteristics of the dissipative dust‐ion‐acoustic soliton modes, theoretically and parametrically. The electrostatic solitary modes are found to be associated with the low‐frequency dissipative dust‐ion‐acoustic solitary waves (DIASWs). The ion‐neutral collision is taken into account, and the influence of ion‐neutral collisional effects on the dynamics of dissipative DIASWs is investigated. It is reported that most of the plasma medium in space and laboratory are far from thermal equilibrium, and the particles in such plasma system are well fitted via the κ‐nonthermal distribution than via the thermal Maxwellian distribution. The reductive perturbation approach is adopted to derive the damped KdV (dKdV) equation, and the solitary wave solution of the dKdV equation is derived via the tangent hyperbolic method to analyse the basic features (amplitude, width, speed, time evolution, etc.) of dissipative DIASWs. The propagation nature and also the basic features of dissipative DIASWs are seen to influence significantly due to the variation of the plasma configuration parameters and also due to the variation of the supethermality index κ in the considered plasma system. The implication of the results of this study could be useful for better understanding the electrostatic localized disturbances, in the ion length and time scale, in space and experimental dusty plasmas, where the presence of excess energetic electrons and ion‐neutral collisional damping are accountable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Landau damping of the dust ion‐acoustic wave (DIAW) in a dusty plasma with non‐extensive distributed components is analysed relying on the kinetic approach. The electron, ion, and dust particles are effectively modelled by the non‐extensive distribution function of the Tsallis statistics. For a collisionless plasma with different values of plasma components indices, the general dispersion relation is achieved, and the non‐extensivity effects on the frequency, as well as the Landau damping of the DIAW, are studied. We show that for q→1, the preliminary results of the Maxwellian plasma are obtained. The decrease of wave damping is achieved by increasing the coefficient q index and the ion‐to‐electron density ratio. The damping rate also increases with an increasing ion‐to‐electron temperature ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a fluid description, theoretical investigation has been carried out to explore how the presence of two‐temperature electron fluids (hot and cold) influences the characters of dust acoustic solitary waves, double layers, bipolar structures, etc. in a multi‐component dusty plasma, composed of isothermal electrons and ions, along with the negatively charged, cold dusts. A reductive perturbation method is used to derive the well‐known Korteweg‐de Vries (KdV) equation, which describes the basic nature of the dust acoustic solitary waves. Two values of critical ion density exist, which distinguish the regions of compressive and rarefactive solitary waves in parametric space. The critical points directly depend on the densities and temperatures of the electron fluids. With increasing temperature of hot electron fluid, one of the two critical ion densities decreases, and the other one increases. Ultimately, they merge with each other when the temperature of hot electrons reaches a particular value. The amplitude of the dust acoustic soliton gets modified due to the presence of two‐temperature electron fluids. The study is extended further by deriving modified KdV and Gardner equations at the vicinity of critical points. The Gardner equation reveals the existence of double layer and bipolar structures. In these processes, the effects higher‐order nonlinearities are incorporated methodically, by implementing appropriate stretching of the coordinates. Sagdeev's pseudopotential analysis shows that large amplitude rarefactive solitary waves only exist when the corresponding Mach number (M) lies within 1 < M < Mc. The upper bound, Mc increases with the hot electron temperature and cold electron density. The results presented in this investigation are believed to be applicable in the laboratory and astrophysical plasmas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the parallel streaming effects on the dispersion characteristics of a kinetic Alfvén wave (KAW) in a low β dusty magnetoplasma. To analyse the influence of streaming ions obeying generalized (r, q) distribution function, hot and magnetized electrons, and mobile charged dust, a theoretical approach has been used for the instability analysis by employing two potential theories. A linear kinetic dispersion relation of Alfvén waves is derived, whose solutions are used to interpret the numerical and analytical results. The solutions of dispersion relation indicate that the characteristics of KAWs are transformed when generalized (r, q) distribution function is employed instead of its Maxwellian counterpart. We also found that the unstable modes have a strong dependence on spectral indices r and q, dust parameters, and plasma β. For the excitation of KAWs, the streaming velocity has been observed to be within the sub‐Alfvén range, whereas when it extends to the super‐Alfvén range, the growth rates are significantly suppressed. The observations further show that an ambient magnetic field and superthermal particles inhibit the growth of an electromagnetic wave to a significant degree and have a stabilizing effect on the wave mode, whereas an increasing concentration of low‐energy particles contributes to enhancing growth rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have performed numerical analysis of the one‐dimensional dynamics of the cylindrical/spherical dust ion acoustic shock waves in unmagnetized dusty plasma consisting of positive ions, immobile dust particles, and nonextensive distributed cold and hot electrons. A multiple‐scale expansion method is used to derive Burgers Equation (BE) and modified Burgers equation (MBE) by including higher order nonlinearity. The basic characteristics of the shock waves have been analysed numerically and graphically for different physical parameters relevant to Saturn' E ring through 2D figures. The parametric dependence of dust ion acoustic shock waves on some plasma parameters nonextensive index, density, and temperature of cold and hot electrons, concentration of dust particles, thermal effects and kinematic viscosity of ions is explored. Furthermore, it is found that the nonplanar geometry effects have an important impact on the establishment of shock waves. The amplitude of the wave decreases faster as one departs away from the axis of the cylinder or centre of the sphere. Such decaying behaviour continues as time progresses. It is also found that an increasing dust concentration decreases the amplitude of the dust ion acoustic shock waves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A standard nonlinear Schrödinger equation has been established by using the reductive perturbation method to investigate the propagation of electrostatic dust‐acoustic waves, and their modulational instability as well as the formation of localized electrostatic envelope solitons in an electron‐depleted unmagnetized dusty plasma system comprising opposite polarity dust grains and super‐thermal positive ions. The relevant physical plasma parameters (viz., charge, mass, number density of positive and negative dust grains, and super‐thermality of the positive ions, etc.) have rigorous impact to recognize the stability conditions of dust‐acoustic waves. The present study is useful for understanding the mechanism of the formation of dust‐acoustic envelope solitons associated with dust‐acoustic waves in the laboratory and space environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The linear and nonlinear properties of dust‐electron acoustic waves (DEAWs) propagating in magnetized, collisionless, dusty plasma system containing inertial cold electrons, Maxwellian hot electrons, nonthermal ions, and arbitrarily (positively or negatively) charged stationary dust are investigated. The reductive perturbation technique is employed to reduce the basic set of fluid equations to the modified Korteweg‐de Vries equation or Ostrovsky's equation, which governs the dynamics of small amplitude DEAWs in a weakly magnetized dusty nonthermal plasma. The approximate analytical as well as numerical solutions reveal that the basic characteristics of DEA nonlinear structures are found to be significantly modified by the key plasma configuration parameters. It is found that the leading compressive or rarefactive solitary wave structure separates from a trailing wave packet during a considerable time under the influence of magnetic field‐induced Lorentz force. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nonlinear features of dust acoustic waves (DAWs) propagating in a multicomponent dusty plasma with negative dust grains, Maxwellian ions, and double spectral electron distribution (DSED) are investigated. A Korteweg de Vries Burgers equation (KdVB) is derived in the presence of the polarization force using the reductive perturbation technique (RPT). In the absence of the dissipation effect, the bifurcation analysis is introduced and various types of solutions are obtained. One of these solutions is the rarefactive solitary wave solution. Additionally, in the presence of the dissipation effects, the tanh method is employed to find out the solution of KdVB equation. Both of the monotonic and the oscillatory shock structures are numerically investigated. It is found that the correlation between dissipation and dispersion terms participates strongly in creating the dust acoustic shock wave. The limit of the DSED to the Maxwell distribution is examined. The distortional effects in the profile of the shock wave that result by increasing the values of the flatness parameter, r, and the tail parameter, q, are investigated. In addition, it has been shown that the proportional increase in the value of the polarization parameter R enhances in both of the strength of the monotonic shock wave and the amplitude of the oscillatory shock wave. The effectiveness of non‐Maxwellian distributions, like DSED, in several of plasma situations is discussed as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The average atmospheric charge density of Earth is neutral. Charge built up from thunderstorms and lightning phenomena is offset by oceanic surface charging, and offers a source of energy that has not been harnessed broadly. Unfortunately, the total terrestrial energy of the Earth's atmospheric electrical system is modest (250–500 MW) compared to industrial requirements: Innovations are likely to offer improvements to societal efficiency rather than broad transformations. Direct capture systems located in places with very high occurrence of lightning discharge can generate ≈1 kWh per year on average. Material processing via triggered lightning is limited to techniques that utilize rapid discharges, e.g., metal and glass preprocessing of materials, waste volume reduction, biomass energy conversion, where current prices make plasma‐arc processes prohibitive. Triggered lightning may be used to assist blasting of mountain rock; or as a high‐voltage input for processes such as nuclear fusion. Passive collection of atmospheric electricity is modest but may be used in urban agriculture to increase biomass production. Thunderstorm charge‐separation processes suggest a new class of electricity generators based on kinetic energy and material collision. Ball lightning suggests additional research in dusty plasmas. These methods are all at proof‐of‐concept or early translation stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A theoretical model is presented to study the characteristics of dust acoustic shock in a viscous, magnetized, rotating dusty plasma at both fast and slow time scales. By employing the reductive perturbation technique, the non‐linear Zakharov–Kuznetsov–Burger (ZKB) equation is derived for both cases when the dust is inactive and dynamic (fast and slow time scales). Both electrons and ions are considered to follow the kappa/Cairns distribution. It is observed that in both cases, i.e. when dust is in the background and active, viscosity plays a key role in dissipation for the propagation of acoustic shock. Magnetic field and rotation are responsible for the dispersive term. Superthermality is found to affect significantly the formation of the shock wave along with viscous nature of plasma, whereas the dust charge affects the non‐linear coefficient of the ZKB equation. The present investigation may be beneficial to the understanding of the rotating plasma, in particular the experiments being carried out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evolution of the spatial structure of the massive charged grains in the presence of weak linearly space‐dependent external force in a dusty plasma is studied using molecular dynamics simulation. The interaction among the dust grains in the background electron‐ion plasma is described by a modified Yukawa interaction potential that includes both repulsive and attractive ranges. Evolution of the initially homogeneously distributed dust grains is followed until a quasi‐stationary state is reached. Even though the external force is radially highly asymmetric, the final configuration of the charged grains can be a circular crystal. Still driven by the external force, the grains in the crystal execute synchronized oscillations in the direction of the force. The time needed to reach the quasi‐stationary state decreases with increase of the strength of the external force. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A theoretical model of propagation of Gaussian and Sine time irradiance of an electromagnetic beam in collisional dusty plasma has been done in the present analysis. It contains equilibrium of dust charge, particle density, and energy of plasma ingredients having charge neutrality. Ionization of neutral particles, recombination of free electrons with ions, adsorption and emission of electrons from dust grain surface, and binary collisions between plasma components are also considered in this treatment. Time varying behaviour of modified electron temperature and collision frequency has been illustrated numerically as a function of dust densities. Also, the comparative analyses of variation of beam waist parameter with the dimensionless length of transmission for both the Gaussian and Sine time irradiance are involved in this model as a function of distinguishable time width, collision frequencies, and dust densities under the condition that the size of dust nebulous is greater than the electrons mean free path for the adsorption on the dust grain surface. The observed results are significant for the applications in industry and astrophysics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present article, we studied the effect of nonthermal electrons on the formation and existence of double‐layer structures in a three‐species plasma consisting of positive ions, nonthermal electrons, and immobile negative dust‐charged grains. Employing the reductive perturbations, a modified Korteweg–de Vries (mKdV) type equation is derived for the dust‐ion‐acoustic waves (DIAWs) bearing nonthermality. We found that both positive and negative polarity shock structures (double layer) can exist such that it switches polarity while changing the dust charge concentrations. However, strong nonthemality favours only rarefactive structures irrespective of the ion temperature. It is also found that increasing the nonthermal electron in the system the width of the double layer is increased; furthermore, the shock structure forms with small dust charge concentration. For small ionic temperature, increasing the nonthermal electrons in the system makes the double layer potential to increase; however, for σ = 1 reverse phenomena occurs. Our results are relevant to the shock observations in Q machine experiments and in the ionospheric regime of the earth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of head‐on collision on dust acoustic (DA) solitary and shock waves in dusty plasma are investigated considering positively charged inertial dust, Boltzmann distributed negatively charged heavy ions, positively charged light ions, and superthermal electrons in the plasma system. The nonlinear Korteweg‐de‐Vries (KdV) Burger equations are derived taking the extended Poincaré‐Lighthill‐Kuo method into account to study the characteristic properties of nonlinearity and production of solitary shock due to collisions. The study reveals that the amplitudes and widths of the DA shock waves are decreasing with increasing viscosity, electron to dust density ratio, and dust to ion temperature ratio, while they are increasing due to the presence of superthermal electrons. The nonlinearity of DA waves are enhanced with increasing density ratio of electron to dust and temperature ratio of dust to ion and electron, respectively, but it is reducing with superthermal electrons. The phase shifts of DA solitary waves are found to decrease with rising superthermality of electrons and increase with the density ratio of electron to dust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dust poses a serious threat to tokamak operation and safety. It is important to study the behaviour of dust grains under tokamak's discharge conditions, which depends heavily on their size and charge. Existing simulations mainly address issues on dust grains with radii larger than 1 μm, in which case, the drift effect due to electromagnetic fields can be safely ignored. For nanometer scale dust grains, however, the drift effect becomes significant and a new model based on guiding‐centre system needs to be established. In this work, the NDS has been done under BOUT++ framework. The simulation contains two parts. Part one, NDS evaluates the charging and ablation processes of the dust grains. In the second part, the guiding‐centre orbits of dust particles are tracked in tokamak plasmas, whose parameters are obtained from BOUT++, a highly desirable C++ code package for performing parallel plasma fluid simulations with an arbitrary number of equations in 3D curvilinear coordinates. The orbit of nanodust dynamics is described by guiding centre equations for simplicity, and these equations are numerically solved by conventional fourth‐order Runge Kutta method. Simulations provide results such as trajectories and evolutions of dust particles with different sizes and velocities for different tokamak geometries. Results show tungsten dust grains with a radius of a few nanometers launched from outer midplane will oscillate before totally ablated in C‐Mod. The oscillation in this case is driven by the ion drag force. Larger Nanodust with a radius of 100 nm, on the contrary, cannot be completely constrained by the electromagnetic field. The high plasma temperature and density in the seperatrix region causes severe dust ablation, resulting in total ablation within several ms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new concept called "configurational temperature" is introduced in the context of dusty plasma, where the temperature of the dust particles submerged in the plasma can be measured directly from the positional information of the individual dust particles and the interaction potential between the dust grains. This method does not require the velocity information of individual particles, which is a key parameter to measure the dust temperature in the conventional method. The technique is initially tested using two‐dimensional (2D) OpenMP parallel molecular dynamics and Monte Carlo simulation and then compared with the temperature evaluated from experimental data. The experiment have been carried out in the Dusty Plasma Experimental (DPEx) device, where a 2D stationary plasma crystal of melamine formaldehyde particles is formed in the cathode sheath of a DC glow discharge argon plasma. The kinetic temperature of the dust is calculated using the standard particle image velocimetry technique at different pressures. An extended simulation result for the three‐dimensional case is also presented, which can be employed for the temperature measurement of a three‐dimensional dust crystal in laboratory devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of flow with different strengths, positions, and widths on the structure and dynamics of clusters is studied by two‐dimensional (2D) Langevin molecular dynamics simulations. The particles are confined by a quadratic confining potential. The horizontal position of the system centre, average inter‐particle distance, and coupling parameter are calculated to characterize the effect of changing the strength, position, and width of the flow on the cluster structure. The trajectories, the velocity autocorrelation function, and the mean square displacement are obtained to further uncover the dynamic properties of the 2D dusty plasma system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mutual influence of dust particles and gas discharge plasma was investigated with the help of self‐consistent non‐local kinetic model. Calculations were performed for fixed step‐like radial distributions of the dust particles density, and for self‐consistent distribution calculated by the drift‐diffusion equation. The results show, that the production of electrons and ion occurs mainly outside the dust cloud. In the case of self‐consistent dust particles density distribution, inside the dust cloud the ionization rate is equal to the rate of electron and ion recombination on the dust particles, the radial components of electron and ion fluxes are almost equal to zero, and the radial electric field is expelled from the dust cloud. Presented results can be important for description of the plasma confinement of the dust particles clouds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Measurements of electrons and ions in Saturn's ionosphere down to 1,500‐km altitudes as well as the ring crossing region above the ionosphere obtained by the Langmuir probe onboard the Cassini spacecraft are presented. Five nearly identical deep ionosphere flybys during the Grand Finale orbits and the Final plunge orbit revealed a rapid increase in the plasma densities and discrepancies between the electrons and ions densities (Ne and Ni) near the closest approach. The small Ne/Ni ratio indicates the presence of a dusty plasma, a plasma which charge carrier is dominated by negatively charged heavy particles. Comparison of the Langmuir probe obtained density with the light ion density obtained by the Ion and Neutral Mass Spectrometer confirmed the presence of heavy ions. An unexpected positive floating potential of the probe was also observed when Ne/Ni ≪ 1. This suggests that Saturn's ionosphere near the density peak is in a dusty plasma state consisting of negatively and positively charged heavy cluster ions. The electron temperature (Te) characteristics in the ionosphere are also investigated and unexpectedly high electron temperature value, up to 5000 K, has been observed below 2,500‐km altitude in a region where electron‐neutral collisions should be prominent. A well‐defined relationship between Te and Ne/Ni ratio was found, implying that the electron heating at low altitudes is related to the dusty plasma state of the ionosphere. Plain Language Summary: Cassini Langmuir probe measurements revealed ion densities in excess of the electron densities, indicative of a dusty plasma, in Saturn's ionosphere below 2,500‐km altitude. Comparison of the Langmuir probe measurements with those of the Ion and Neutral Mass Spectrometer, sensitive to only lighter ions during this period, showed that heavy ions dominate in this region. Positive spacecraft potentials were also found, suggesting that Saturn's ionosphere contains dusty plasma of negatively and positively charged heavy ions. Key Points: In situ measurements of Saturn's ionospheric plasma densities down to 1,500 km and the ring above the ionosphere is presentedCharge imbalance in the ions and electrons, evidence of the negatively charged heavy particles, has been observed below 2,500 kmObservations suggest that Saturn's ionosphere consists of a significant amount of negatively and positively charged heavy ions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A kinetic formulation is developed to investigate low‐frequency dust ion acoustic waves (DIAWs) and dust acoustic waves (DAWs) as well as numerically for a four‐component, collisionless, unmagnetized dusty plasma, using the linearized Vlasov–Poisson model for species obeying the Maxwellian distribution. In particular, the dynamics of low‐frequency DIAWs is investigated by considering two cases. In the first case, ions and positive dust particles are assumed to be dynamically adiabatic while the negative dust particles are static in the background. In second case, the ions are taken adiabatic, while both positive and negative dust particles are static in the background. For DAWs, the ions are assumed to be isothermal, while both positive and negative dust species are considered adiabatic. Electrons are assumed to be isothermal in all cases. The linear characteristics and Landau damping rates for DIAWs and DAWs are investigated with effects of the dust particle concentrations and different temperature ratios. It is noted that for higher values of positive dust concentration, DIAWs (DAWs) are less (more) damped. It is also observed that the damping rate increases (decreases) as Ti approaches Te for DIAWs (DAWs). It is worth adding here that the theoretical results presented here are supported by numerical analyses and illustrations. The relevance of the study to laboratory and cosmic plasmas is also pointed out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A theoretical model for the effect of dust grains on the self‐filamentation of a Gaussian electromagnetic beam propagating in a fully ionized plasma has been developed by employing the energy balance of the plasma constituents, perturbed electron and ion concentrations, and temperature. In this model, neutral atom ionization, re‐integration and accumulation of electrons and ions, photoelectric emission of electrons from the surface of dust grains, as well as elastic and charging collisions have also been considered. The effective dielectric constant in the presence of dust grains has been constructed. The effect of temporal growth of dust grains on various plasma parameters for different values of the dust density has been explored. The variation of the beam width with the normalized channel of propagation has been observed for distinct dust densities and dust charge states. It is observed that the non‐linearity induced by the effective dielectric constant in the presence of dust grains increases the self‐filamentation of the beam, thus enhancing the effective critical power with the dust density. Some of the outcomes of our approach are in line with experimental observations. These outcomes may be useful for explaining space and laboratory plasma experiments as well as for future studies in complex plasmas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The behavior of polar mesospheric summer echoes (PMSEs) during an electron precipitation event is investigated by including dusty plasma effects for the first time. The observational data recorded with the very high frequency (224 MHz) and ultrahigh frequency (930 MHz) radars at the European Incoherent SCATter Scientific Association on 10 and 11 July 2012 are presented. The observed radar echoes show that the PMSEs are both correlated and anticorrelated with the increased electron density associated with electron precipitation events on the two consecutive days. The experimental observations are compared with numerical simulations of the temporal evolution of PMSE with different background dusty plasma parameters during the electron precipitation event. Specifically, the effect of dust radius, dust density, recombination/photoionization rates, photo‐detachment current, and electron density enhancement ratio on the behavior of a PMSE layer and the associated dust charging process in the course of electron precipitation events is studied. It is observed that the ratio of electron density fluctuation amplitude δne to the plasma density (ne) plays a critical role in the appearance/disappearance of the layer. The simulation results revealed that the existence of PMSE is mainly determined by dust radius and dust density. The dusty plasma parameters associated with each event are estimated. The condensation nuclei of the ice particles such as proton hydrate clusters (H+(H2O)n) or meteoric smoke particles can be determined by employing the microphysical models along with the dusty plasma simulations. This can resolve any discrepancy in the description of the observed phenomena. Key Points: The first comprehensive study of PMSE behavior in the presence of electron precipitation events is presented using observations and modelingThe PMSE strength is mostly governed by background dusty plasma parameters such as dust radius and dust densityPhotoemission current and dust fluctuation amplitude produced by neutral turbulence have a great impact on PMSE existence and strength [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on the electron, ion, and dust number densities and the electron temperatures obtained by the Radio and Plasma Wave Science instruments onboard Cassini during the Ring‐Grazing orbits. The numerous ring passage observations show a consistent picture as follows: (1) Beyond 0.1 RS above and below the equator the electron and ion densities are quasi‐neutral with a distribution similar to the one obtained in the plasma disk. (2) A sharp ion density enhancement occurs at |Z| < 0.1 RS, to more than 200 cm−3 at the equator, while the electron density remains low only to values of 50 cm−3. The electron/ion density ratio is ≦0.1 at the equator. (3) Micrometer‐sized dust has also been observed at the equator. However, the region of intense dust signals is significantly narrower (|Z| < 0.02 RS) than the enhanced ion density regions. (4) The electron temperature (Te) generally decreases with decreasing Z with small Te enhancements near the equator. We show that the dust size characteristics are different depending on the distance from the equator, and the large micrometer‐sized grains are more perceptible in a narrow region near the equator where the power law slope of the dust size distribution becomes less steep. As a result, different scale heights are obtained for nanometer and micrometer grains. Throughout the ring, the dominant part of the negative charges is carried by the small nanometer‐sized grains. The electron/ion density ratio is variable from orbit to orbit, suggesting changes in the dust charging over time scales of weeks. Plain Language Summary: The Radio and Plasma Wave Science instrument onboard Cassini observed a dusty plasma during the Ring‐Grazing orbits. Dusty plasma is composed of, in addition to the electrons and ions, charged dust grains, and those grains play an important role in the plasma dynamics. The observed electron, ion, and dust number densities and the electron temperatures showed the layered structure of the faint Janus/Epimetheus rings. The core of the dusty ring composed of micron‐sized dust is surrounded by a dusty plasma consisting of the ions and the negatively charged nanometer grains and further surrounded by the pristine plasma. The electron/ion density ratio of the dusty plasma varies from orbit to orbit, implying that the dust charging characteristics of the dusty ring change over time scales of weeks. Key Points: Cassini RPWS observations during dust‐grazing orbits show a consistent picture of the dusty plasma composed of nanometer grains near the Janus/Epimetheus ringThree different height scales were found for the plasma disk plasma, nanometer‐sized dust, and the micron‐sized dustThe electron‐to‐ion density ratio varies from orbit to orbit, suggesting the dust charging variation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) time-varying dusty plasma iterative finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm is deduced by combining the relative permittivity of fully ionised dusty plasma and the shift-operator FDTD method. Then, a 3D time-varying dusty plasma model is established. The scattering characteristics of electromagnetic (EM) waves are analysed by calculating the backward radar cross-sections (RCSs) of different parameters in time-varying dusty plasma. The results show that the RCS will increase when the dust particles are considered in plasma. The values of RCS increase with the dust radius dust concentration relaxation time of charge and electron density increasing. In dusty plasma, the electron temperature has a different effect on the incident wave frequency bands. Finally, the effects of dust to electron density ratio on RCS are analysed and as the increase of the incident frequency, the absorption of dusty plasma on EM wave will reduce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]