115 results
Search Results
102. Ethnic Entrepreneurship Among Indian Women in New Zealand: A Bittersweet Process.
- Author
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Pio, Edwina
- Subjects
BUSINESSWOMEN ,WOMEN'S employment ,NATIVE American women ,WOMEN-owned business enterprises ,WOMEN freelancers ,EMPLOYMENT - Abstract
This research article explores the lived-in and lived-through experiences of Indian women entrepreneurs in New Zealand in the context of ethnic entrepreneurship. Through a four-stage model emerging from qualitative interviews, the article illuminates the bittersweet entrepreneurial process of ethnic minority migrant women. The four stages are: the low permeability for entry into the job market for ethnic minority migrant women; underemployment; setting up a micro-enterprise and expanding the business and creating employment for others, primarily co-ethnics as well as an expanding customer base. A combination of factors ranging from perceived discrimination, low self esteem and feelings of being devalued, to ethnic networks and lack of access/knowledge of government resources and the entry of women from Indian business families feed into each of the four stages of this model. The article offers an analysis of minority voices, along with implications for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
103. Working Part-Time for the State: Gender, Class and the Public Sector Pay Gap.
- Author
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Thornley, Carole
- Subjects
EQUAL pay for equal work ,PART-time employees ,GENDER role in the work environment ,GENDER inequality ,BUSINESSWOMEN - Abstract
This article explores the role and nature of disadvantages associated with part-time working in perpetuating the gender pay gap in the public sector. It does so by means of a detailed case study of local government workers in the UK, with particular reference to the more than one and a half million local government service workers covered by National Joint Council bargaining arrangements. The article draws from original pay data analysis and national survey work conducted by the author. It argues that little has changed since the findings reported 20 years ago by Beechey and Perkins with respect to the disadvantages experienced by part-time workers and the ‘construction’ of employment in gendered ways. However, the role of class may have been understated in previous accounts: class fractions in gender-segregated employment continue to hold deep significance and provide some potential for solidaristic approaches by trade unions alongside traditional ‘equality’ initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
104. Women entrepreneurs in the Gambia: challenges and opportunities.
- Author
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Della-Giusta, Marina and Phillips, Christine
- Subjects
BUSINESSWOMEN ,SMALL business management ,GENDER mainstreaming ,DEVELOPING countries ,SEX discrimination - Abstract
This article reviews the literature on women entrepreneurs in developing countries and presents evidence from a case study undertaken during 2001 and 2002 in Gambia examining the challenges facing women entrepreneurs in the small enterprise sector. The article attempt to discuss the gendered nature of the barriers to survival and growth, particularly the low productivity of sectors in which women entrepreneurs operate, the difficulty in accessing capital for expansion and the need to reconcile business with domestic activities and the propensity to view business as part of an overall livelihood diversification strategy. The article argues that further to addressing specific gender needs of women entrepreneurs, policy and support mechanisms must be sensitive to and geared towards both enterprises with potential and aspirations for growth and diversification and those whose primary objective is that of sustaining livelihoods. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
105. Factors Influencing Women Entrepreneurs of NGOs in India.
- Author
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Handy, Femida, Kassam, Meenaz, and Ranade, Shree
- Subjects
BUSINESSWOMEN ,WOMEN-owned business enterprises ,BUSINESSMEN ,ENTREPRENEURSHIP ,NONGOVERNMENTAL organizations ,SOCIAL classes - Abstract
This article examines women entrepreneurs in the nonprofit sector. Entrepreneurial activity attracts certain kinds of individuals. Such self-selection is not a random event but is influenced by personal characteristics as well as socioeconomic and cultural factors. This article examines women entrepreneurs in a particular segment of the nonprofit sector in India to determine which factors influence such self-selection. Our research confirms findings by other scholars that nonprofit entrepreneurs receive a high payroll from promoting social causes. Furthermore, we find that previous experience in the sector, beliefs, culture, social class, education, and family background also play an important role. We explore some policy implications of our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
106. Profiling a New Generation of Female Small Business Owners in New Zealand: Networking, Mentoring and Growth.
- Author
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McGregor, J. and Tweed, D.
- Subjects
BUSINESS networks ,SMALL business ,WOMEN-owned business enterprises ,BUSINESSWOMEN ,DEVELOPED countries - Abstract
The contribution of female small business owners to economic development in Western developed countries such as New Zealand, Australia, the United Kingdom, the United States and Canada, is generally under–researched and traditionally grounded in male norms. Increasingly policy–makers acknowledge that in countries like New Zealand where 85% of business employs five or less people, small business offers the greatest employment potential. Not enough is known, though, about the growth orientation and characteristics of female small business owners. This article reports findings from the largest empirical study of small business undertaken in New Zealand and provides inter–gender comparison between male and female small business owners and for intra–gender contrast between networked female small business owners and women who did not belong to a business network. The results showed that the networked women, who were in the main better educated and more affiliative by nature, were more expansionist than both other female small business owners and men. The networked women were also more likely to have a business mentor. The findings confound earlier research suggesting women are less growth–orientated and wish only to satisfy intrinsic needs from their businesses. The article concludes by discussing the need to acknowledge the heterogeneity of female small business and what this means for policy–makers when assessing their socio–economic potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
107. Work and Employment in Small Businesses: Perpetuating and Challenging Gender Traditions.
- Author
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Baines, Susan and Wheelock, Jane
- Subjects
BUSINESSWOMEN ,BUSINESSMEN ,SMALL business ,WOMEN-owned business enterprises ,BUSINESS enterprises ,NEW business enterprises ,FAMILY-owned business enterprises - Abstract
More and more women and men are becoming dependent on some form of small business activity for all or part of their livelihoods but there is little research offering insight into gender and working practices in small businesses. In this article we assess some theoretical approaches and discuss these against an empirical investigation of micro-firms run by women, men and mixed sex partnerships. In the 'entrepreneurship' literature, with its emphasis on the individual business owner, we find little guidance. We argue that in the 'modern' micro-business, family and work are brought into proximity as in the 'in between' organizational form described by Weber. The celebrated 'flexibility' of small firms often involves the reproduction within modernity of seemingly pre-modern practices in household organization and gender divisions of labour. This is true in the Britain of the 1990s in a growing business sector normally associated neither with tradition nor with the family. Tradition, however, is never automatic or uncontested in a 'post-traditional society'. A minority of women and men in micro-enterprises actively resist traditional solutions and even traditional imagery of male and female behaviour. For this small group alone new economic conditions seem to bring new freedom. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
108. Achievement motivation and female entrepreneurs.
- Author
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Langan-Fox, Janice
- Subjects
BUSINESSWOMEN ,PSYCHOLOGICAL typologies ,PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Develops a typology of the female entrepreneur. Psychological characteristics of Australian founder businesswomen; Assessment of multiple dimensions of personality within the traditional theoretical framework of David McClelland; Need achiever entrepreneur; Pragmatic entrepreneur; Managerial entrepreneur.
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
109. OCCUPATIONAL STRESS IN AUSTRALIAN BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL WOMEN.
- Author
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Langan-Fox, Janice and Poole, Millicent E.
- Subjects
JOB stress ,INDUSTRIAL psychology ,PHYSIOLOGICAL aspects of work ,PSYCHOLOGICAL stress ,BUSINESSWOMEN ,PHYSIOLOGICAL stress ,WOMEN'S health - Abstract
Occupational stress was measured in 163 Australian managerial and professional women through the use of the self-report measure the Occupational Stress Indicator. Normative data were obtained reporting scale reliabilities, and differences between women according to marital and parental status and most stressful roles. The wife role had the highest mean score for the ‘most stressful role’. Women with three or more children reported poorer physical health, and having parental status was associated with headaches, exhaustion, overeating, smoking and drinking. Nonetheless, this group also had significantly high scores for job satisfaction. Having children under I g years of age was associated with the experience of a decrease in sexual interest, as was having full-time work status. Single women suffered poorer reported mental health than married women and scored highest for Type A behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
110. Letter to the Editor.
- Author
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Geller, James
- Subjects
INFORMATION technology conferences ,BUSINESSWOMEN ,BUSINESS networks ,EMAIL - Abstract
The article offers information on the breakout sessions for smallgroups of participants organized during the NCWIT (National Conference for Women in Information Technology) in Grapevine, Texas, on May 15-17, 2018. Topics discussed include holding a two-cycle introduction round at every small group meeting, finding the attendance list of the conference on professional network LinkedIn, and using the email addresses of the conference participants.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
111. THE ENTERPRISING WOMAN: A GERMAN MODEL.
- Author
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Hartmann, Heinz
- Subjects
BUSINESSWOMEN ,WOMEN-owned business enterprises - Abstract
Discusses a study by University of Munster professor Heinz Hartmann on enterprising women in Germany, published in the March-April 1970 issue of the 'Columbia Journal of World Business.' Challenges faced by women in business; Factors contributing to the success of women-owned business enterprises in the country; Types of defenses employed by business women against external pressures.
- Published
- 1970
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
112. The Smart Woman's Guide to Interviewing and Salary Negotiation/ The Smart Woman's Guide to Career Success.
- Author
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Barrett, Kelley M.
- Subjects
BUSINESSWOMEN ,NONFICTION - Abstract
Reviews the books "The Smart Woman's Guide to Interviewing and Salary Negotiation," by Julie Adair King and "The Smart Woman's Guide to Career Success," by Janet Hauter.
- Published
- 1995
113. Risky Business: Economic Uncertainty, Market Reforms and Female Livelihoods in Northeast Ghana.
- Author
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Chalfin, Brenda
- Subjects
BUSINESSWOMEN ,UNCERTAINTY ,WOMEN in rural development ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
This article examines the implications of economic uncertainty for rural markets and the livelihoods of female traders. It does so through a case study of a community in northern Ghana caught in the throes of a structural adjustment-driven privatization initiative. In order to fully comprehend the nature of the economic uncertainties in which rural economic actors are enmeshed and the manner in which they resist, engage or engender these conditions, two theoretical lenses are interposed. One, focusing on structural dissolution and an overall process of rural, and especially female, disempowerment, is drawn from recent approaches to African political economy. The other, gleaned from the field of economic anthropology, attends to the agency and knowledge of rural entrepreneurs in the face of unstable and imperfect market conditions. By bringing together these different analytic traditions, the critical significance of uncertainty within the complex process of rural economic transformation and reproduction becomes evident. Rather than functioning as a diagnostic of economic crisis and insecurity, uncertainty can be a strategic resource integral to the constitution of markets, livelihoods and economic coalitions. Such a perspective, privileging the institutional potentials of local social practice, makes apparent the forceful role played by female traders in the structuring of rural marketing systems even in the face of externally-induced and sometimes dramatic shifts in material conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
114. Women in Charge -- the Experiences of Female Entrepreneurs.
- Author
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Davidson, Marilyn J.
- Subjects
BUSINESSWOMEN ,NONFICTION - Abstract
The article reviews the book "Women in Charge: The Experiences of Female Entrepreneurs," by Robert Goffee and Richard Scase.
- Published
- 1986
115. Careers of Professional Women (Book).
- Author
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Kahn-Hut, Rachel
- Subjects
BUSINESSWOMEN ,NONFICTION - Abstract
Reviews the book "Careers of Professional Women," edited by R. Silverstone and A. Ward.
- Published
- 1982
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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