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Late Mesozoic granites are present throughout the Jiaodong Peninsula in eastern China, but the petrogenesis of these granites, the magma sources, and the geodynamic setting of the magmatism remain unclear. This paper presents new zircon U–Pb geochronological and Lu–Hf isotopic and whole‐rock geochemical data for the Late Jurassic Queshan pluton in the Shandong Peninsula, an area that represents the boundary between the Jiaobei and Sulu ultrahigh‐pressure (UHP) terranes. Laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry zircon U–Pb dating yields Late Jurassic ages from 158 ± 1 to 153 ± 1 Ma for the pluton in addition to a small number of inherited zircons that yield ages that cluster at 2410, 1831–1776, 750, and 209–202 Ma. Zircons from different samples have similar 176Hf/177Hf values (0.281926–0.282255) and variably negative εHf (t) values that range from −26.5 to −15.1 (weighted mean of −22.9 ± 0.9). The corresponding two‐stage Hf model ages range from 2,869 to 2,154 Ma, with a weighted mean value of 2,645 ± 54 Ma. These data indicate that the magmas that formed the Queshan pluton were derived from multiple sources, including the lower crust of the North China (NCC) and Yangtze (YC) cratons, as well as collision‐related alkaline rocks. The whole‐rock geochemical compositions of the samples indicate that the granites are weakly peraluminous, are high‐K and calc‐alkaline with I‐type affinities, and have high contents of Sr, low contents of Y and Yb, high (La/Yb)N and Sr/Y values, and positive Eu anomalies (δEu = 1.20–1.65), indicating an adakitic affinity. This indicates that the Queshan granites formed from magmas generated by partial melting of a thickened region of the crust (>50 km) associated with eclogite, garnet amphibolite, or amphibolite residual material. The genesis of the Late Jurassic granites are also likely to have been influenced by the collisional orogeny between the NCC and YC and continued subduction of the Izanagi Plate. Thickening of the lower crust associated with this continental collisional event occurred before the magmatism, with further compression and thickening of the lower crust caused by the low‐angle subduction of the Izanagi Plate beneath northeastern China being the main geodynamic driver of the formation of the granites in this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbial carbonate has been increasingly recognized as an important player for sediment production and building up of organosedimentary deposits. The integrated spatio‐temporal pattern of microbial facies is important for understanding carbonate production processes in a carbonate platform. This paper focuses on the sedimentary facies and development of a microbe‐dominated platform in the Cambrian North China Platform (the Zhangxia Formation of the Cambrian Series 3) in Shandong Province, China. In the entire Zhangxia platform, deposition started with oolite‐dominated shoal‐lagoon system with rare microbialites. The shoal‐lagoon system in the western part of the study area kept up with sea‐level rise and formed a flat‐topped platform, whereas that in the eastern part failed to keep up and thus drowned. The platform top then changed to a microbe‐dominated carbonate platform consisting of thrombolite, stromatolite, dendrolite, and Epiphyton framestone. The initial significant microbialites were biohermal thrombolite and dendrolites, which subsequently changed into wider biostromal forms. The morphologic change was largely due to initial rapid rise in sea level and the following deceleration. Extensive biostromes of laterally coalesced thrombolite–Epiphyton bioherms occur in the shale‐dominated eastern part. These microbialites then perished by platform‐wide drowning. The vast initial development of microbialite facies of the Zhangxia Formation in the Shandong area was important for the establishment of an extensive microbialite‐dominated carbonate factory made by combination of an absence of reef‐building metazoans and possible transition of seawater chemistry from aragonite sea to calcite sea in the Cambrian Series 3. It is comparable to the other carbonate environments lacking dominant metazoan reef builders after the mass extinctions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Qibaoshan ore area is located in Wulian town, Shandong Province, which is an important polymetallic metallogenic zone containing gold, copper, lead, and zinc. The polymetallic mineralization is mostly related to the Qibaoshan complex. The Qibaoshan complex is composed mainly of pyroxene diorite, andesitic porphyrite, pyroxene andesite porphyrite, amphibole andesite porphyrite, diorite porphyrite, and granodiorite porphyry, among which granodiorite–porphyry is the main wall rock of gold and copper ore body, whereas lead and zinc mineralization is closely related to diorite porphyrite. A combined study of laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry zircon U–Pb dating and geochemical analyses (major and trace elements) for 5 Mesozoic plutons from the Qibaoshan complex was carried out to determine their ages, petrogenesis, and tectonic setting. The U–Pb zircon ages measured by laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry indicate that the Qibaoshan complex was emplaced in 3 stages, represented by the ~175 Ma pyroxene diorite, ~129 Ma andesitic porphyrite/ porphyrite, ~125 Ma granodiorite‐porphyry, and ~112 Ma diorite porphyrite. Systematic diagenetic chronology and rock geochemistry show that formation of ~175 Ma pyroxene diorite in Qibaoshan ore‐concentrated area is possibly related to the transformation environment from compression to extension of the Sulu orogenic belt and/or of the subduction of the Pacific Plate, whereas the formation of the Early Cretaceous subvolcanic rock has a volcanic arc affinity related to subduction of the Pacific Plate. Based on the previous studies, this paper argues that the metallogenic age of Qibaoshan polymetallic ore‐concentrated area is 125–105 Ma, which is formed in the volcanic arc dynamics environment of the Pacific Plate subduction in the Late Yanshanian. In addition, a small amount of 610–799 Ma and 1.8 Ga was developed in the samples of the pyroxene diorite and andesitic porphyrite, suggesting their source may have great affinities with South China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mariculture has been gradually regarded as an important solution to the global food production crisis. Increasing scientific evidence reveals that mariculture can provide a large number of ecologic benefits, in accordance with several United Nations sustainable development goals. However, previous studies mostly focused on the negative impacts of mariculture, which may impede its increased production. Here, based on Emergy Accounting (EMA), we propose a comprehensive "Multiple Inputs‐Ecosystem Service Multifunctionality‐Multiple Environmental Impacts" (MI‐ESM‐MEI) evaluation framework, trying to describe mariculture's overall environmental performances beyond just limiting to the production of seafoods. As the world's largest mariculture producer, China is taken as an example for evaluation. Our results show that both cultured species and cultivation patterns determine the environmental performance of mariculture: seaweed‐raft, shellfish‐raft, shellfish‐hanging cage, shellfish‐bottom sowing and others‐bottom sowing mariculture could be more influential in environmental support. By identifying priority areas for offshore mariculture development, ecological benefits can be significantly improved using about 27% of China's territorial sea area. At present, mariculture in Liaoning, Shandong, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang performs better than that in other regions. Under the condition of recognizing nonnegligible ecological benefits of mariculture, additional improvements for more sustainable development are urgently needed. In addition, mariculture activities especially seaweed mariculture can help solve water contamination problem and alleviate the effects of eutrophication on coastal ecosystems. For most China coastal regions, if integrated multi‐trophic aquaculture (IMTA) mode can be promoted, the ecological burden of mariculture can be reduced and even converted into ecological benefit. Plain Language Summary: Mariculture has gradually become a proposed solution to address the global food production crisis, prompting it to become the fastest growing food production sector in recent years. Therefore, mariculture's environmental and ecological influences have also been paid more attention, including both negative and positive aspects. At present, a comprehensive evaluation of mariculture's ecological performance is still lacking, so we propose an evaluation framework with China as a case study. We find that both cultured species and cultivation patterns determine the performance of mariculture. At present, mariculture in Liaoning, Shandong, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang performs better than that in other regions. Offshore mariculture will be paid more attention in the future. By identifying priority areas for offshore mariculture development, ecological benefits such as carbon sequestration and water purification can be significantly improved, while environmental impacts such as water contamination can be reduced. If the local cultured species can be properly matched, ecological burden such as water contamination can be reduced and even converted into ecological benefit. The goal of the study is to provide a way of comprehending the complexity of the mariculture system, thus providing reference and theoretical support for the sustainable development of mariculture both in China and around the world. Key Points: Mariculture can bring plenty of ecological benefits and even transform ecological burdens such as water contamination into ecological benefits in some casesBoth cultured species and cultivation patterns determine the environmental performance of maricultureIn China, mariculture's ecological benefits can be significantly improved if offshore mariculture can be developed in the future [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The increasing incidence of cancer in China has posed considerable challenges for cancer care delivery systems. This study aimed to determine the general population's preferences for cancer care, to provide evidence for building a people‐centered integrated cancer care system. Methods: We conducted a discrete choice experiment that involved 1,200 participants in Shandong Province. Individuals were asked to choose between cancer care scenarios based on the type and level of hospitals, with various out‐of‐pocket costs, waiting time, and contact working in the hospitals. Individual preferences, willingness to pay, and uptake rate were estimated using a mixed‐logit model. Results: This study included 848 respondents (70.67%). Respondents preferred county hospitals with shorter hospitalization waiting times and contact working in hospitals. Compared to the reference levels, the three highest willingness to pay values were related to waiting time for hospitalization (¥97,857.69–¥145411.70–¥212,992.10/$14512.70–$21565.16–$31587.61), followed by the county‐level hospital (¥32,545.13/$4826.58). The preferences of the different groups of respondents were diverse. Based on a county‐level general hospital with contact in the hospital, 50% out‐of‐pocket costs and a waiting time of 15 days, the probability of seeking baseline care was 0.37. Reducing the waiting time from 15 to 7, 3, and 0 days, increases the probability of choosing a county‐level hospital from 0.37 to 0.58, 0.64, and 0.70, respectively. Conclusions: This study suggests that there is a substantial interest in attending county‐level hospitals and that reducing hospitalization waiting time is the most effective measure to increase the probability of seeking cancer care in county‐level hospitals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a young adult woman with 17 alpha‐hydroxylase deficiency (17α‐OHD) in Shandong province of China. The patient carried compound heterozygous mutations in the CYP17A1 gene: c.985–987 delinsAA (p.Tyr329LysfsX90) and c.1486C > T (p.Arg496Cys). The patient's hypertension and hypokalemia were resolved after taking medications of glucocorticoid, aldactone, and calcium antagonists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fault coal bursts is a common type of coal bursts in coal mining. With increases in mining depths and mining intensities, the occurrence frequency and disaster degree of coal bursts in fault‐controlled areas are increasing in severity. Therefore, in this article, the mechanism and control method of deep mining‐induced fault coal bursts are analysed on the No. 3402 longwall panel controlled by two faults in the Shandong Mine, China. Based on the microseismic monitoring data of the longwall panel, the fault activation process induced by mining can be divided into four stages. The second energy release and fault activation stages are risk stages of fault coal bursts. Using numerical simulation, the evolution laws of vertical stress, elastic strain energy in front of the longwall panel, and the ratio of shear stress to normal stress on fault plane are investigated. The phenomenon of a 'high elastic energy section‐low elastic energy section' coal pillar between faults is revealed, and the mechanism of coal pillar coal bursts induced by high elastic energy is discussed. Third, based on the above research results, coal burts risk areas of the longwall panel in the fault‐controlled area are determined. The method of 'coal seam‐roof‐floor coupling destressing with the reduction in mining speed' to control fault coal bursts is introduced. Field test results show that the method effectively destroys the integrity and bearing capacity of the coal seam, significantly reduces the energy storage capacity of the superposition area of mining stress and fault tectonic stress, so that the coal bursts risk of the coal seam in the fault control area is relieved, ensuring safe and efficient mining of the longwall panel. The method can provide a reference for other coal mines with similar geological conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrological models are widely used in regional drought assessments. Usually, the spatiotemporal development of droughts is evaluated only via drought indexes based on simulated soil moisture. However, the physiological status of crops is key to accurately assessing the effect of drought, and hydrological models either do not consider crop physiological status or oversimplify it. In addition, the effects of reservoirs, irrigation, and crop rotation are generally not considered. To overcome the oversimplification of crop and irrigation modules in hydrological models, the variable infiltration capacity (VIC) model was coupled with the Environmental Policy Integrated Climate model. Irrigation and reservoir modules were introduced into the coupled hydrology‐crop growth (CHC) model. The CHC model was built for the watershed upstream of Heilin hydrological station on the Qingkou River on the border of Jiangsu and Shandong Provinces, China. The model performance was compared with simulation results of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool and VIC, which showed that the CHC model was more accurate. The temporal variation of water consumption and demand of three crop rotations, namely spring peanuts, summer peanuts‐winter wheat, and summer corn‐winter wheat, in the study area was analyzed. Drought area data obtained from Junan County yearbooks were consistent with the simulated water deficit and drought index considering the effect of irrigation. Crop irrigation increased soil water content and evapotranspiration and decreased crop water deficit. Therefore, crop irrigation was considered in hydrological simulations. The CHC model reliably simulated crop water consumption, soil moisture, and drought index, and the model simulated data could be used as basic data for water resources management and drought mitigation measures. Plain Language Summary: Commonly used hydrological models oversimplify the simulation of crop growth. Some studies have coupled hydrological and crop models, but have several limitations, for example, the effects of reservoirs, irrigation, and crop rotation are not considered. Therefore, crop water consumption and drought events have not been accurately simulated. To overcome this limitation, this study coupled the variable infiltration capacity (VIC) and Environmental Policy Integrated Climate models with irrigation, reservoir, and gridded routing modules. The coupled hydrology and crop growth (CHC) model was developed, and the accuracy of the CHC simulation results was higher than that of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool and VIC simulation results. The temporal variation of crop water consumption and demand along the Qingkou River, China, were simulated. In summer, meteorological and soil water conditions cause the crop water demand to be minimum to correspond to maximum water consumption, which generated the maximum water deficit. The simulated water deficit and drought index considering irrigation effects were consistent with the drought area data obtained from Junan County yearbooks. Irrigation increased soil water content and crop evapotranspiration and decreased crop water deficit. This finding illustrated that crop irrigation effects should be considered in hydrological simulations. Results of this study can aid water resources management and agricultural drought assessment. Key Points: The CHC model was validated using the SWAT results, MODIS data, and drought event recordsIn summer, meteorological and soil water conditions cause the crop water demand to be minimum to correspond to maximum water consumptionIrrigation increases soil water content and crop water consumption, and should be considered in hydrological simulations [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The contamination of heavy metals in vegetables and fruits is a serious threat to food safety and human health. The present study was designed to investigate the occurrence and dietary exposure of lead (Pb), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg) in vegetables and fruits in Shandong Province, China. Results demonstrated that the mean level of total heavy metals was 30.25 µg/kg. The most frequently found heavy metal was Cd (69.2%) with a mean value of 11.54 µg/kg. The mean exposure values of Pb, As, Cd, and Hg in vegetables were 0.052, 0.045, 0.038, and 2.40 × 10–3 µg/kg bw/day, respectively. Moreover, the calculated hazard quotient (HQ) values of mean levels for these four heavy metals were all less than 1, indicating the health risk of heavy metal exposure caused by vegetable consumption was low. This study has displayed baseline information on heavy metal contamination in vegetables and fruits, which can provide useful data support for the formulation of relevant standards and government management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information on the 2009 Integrative Plant Biology Symposium held in Yantai, China. During the event, 24 periodical editors attended the constructive meeting sponsored by the "Journal of Integrative Plant Biology" with over 300 participants from Chinese universities and research organizations. In addition, JIPB has been attracting international manuscripts focusing on particular topics in plant science, plant vascular biology and transgenic crops.

Superhigh‐water backfill mining can mitigate rockburst risks in rockburst‐prone deep coal mines and reduce pollution caused by traditional cemented paste backfill. In this mining method, the width of the rib pillar between two longwall panels is important to maintain roadway stability, prevent rockbursts and water seepage. To design the width of rib pillars, this study firstly established a T‐shaped overlying strata structure model and analyzed source of stress that caused deformation of the T‐shaped model. Based on this model, the abutment stress in the rib pillar was determined. Then, the criterion for overall burst instability of the rib pillar was proposed according to the derived abutment stress. The limit equilibrium theory was applied to obtain the pillar plasticity which can be used as the criterion for water‐seepage prevention. The proposed approach was used to design the width of a rib pillar in Yineng Coalmine located in Shandong Province, China. The analysis of the microseismic monitoring results and borehole drill cuttings show that the designed rib pillar with a width of 10 m was stable without water seepage during mining, indicating the width design method proposed in this study is effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Liaoshang gold deposit in the Jiaodong area of the Shandong Province is best known for its super‐large size. Situated on the north‐eastern margin of the Jiaolai Basin, it forms a part of the Jiaobei terrane of the North China Block. Approximately 20 ore bodies within the Liaoshang gold deposit have been explored; of these, four are structurally controlled gold‐bearing pyrite–dolomite vein‐type deposits. These ore bodies lie in an NE‐trending altered fracture zone and are characterized by their thickness and high‐grade ores. The wall rocks of the ore bodies consist of Paleoproterozoic Jingshan Group metamorphic rocks and Mesozoic granites. Gold is hosted mainly in pyrite and dolomite. The ore is divided into two subtypes—the dominant pyrite–dolomite vein subtype and the subordinate altered rock subtype which contains pyrite and dolomite. Fluid inclusions within dolomite indicate that the main metallogenic period was dominated by a CO2–NaCl–H2O fluid system that had low‐moderate salinity, low density, high abundance of CO2, and a small amount of N2. The ore formed at 81‐ to 94‐MPa pressure and between 2.97‐ and 3.24‐km depth. Research on the S, Pb, C, O, and He–Ar isotopes in the gold‐bearing minerals suggests that the ore‐forming material was mainly crustal in origin, with some degree of crust–mantle mixing. The application of Rb–Sr isotope analysis to gold‐bearing pyrite yields a metallogenic age of 105.5 ± 9 Ma. The Sm–Nd isotope analysis of dolomite yields an age of 104.8 ± 5.1 Ma. We propose that gold mineralization in the Jiaodong area occurred in two phases: the early Early Cretaceous for gold deposits in the north‐west and the late Early Cretaceous for gold deposits in the east. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the Early Cretaceous, the North China Craton (NCC) underwent dramatic lithospheric thinning and destruction, resulting in widespread granitic magmatism and lithospheric extension. The geochronology of basic–felsic dikes provides a unique perspective on a crustal‐extension event that was related to the NCC destruction. Previous studies usually used zircon U–Pb dating to constrain the time of dike emplacement. This method is limited in terms of dating basic dikes because the authigenic zircons are rare or absent. Additionally, recording later reheating events during multiple phases of extension that occurred in the NCC after the Mesozoic is impossible. Here, we present 40Ar/39Ar geochronological data for basic–felsic dikes in the Sulu Orogen, Shandong Peninsula, East China. Our results indicate that these dikes were emplaced between ca. 127 and 95 Ma, with only two felsic samples recording ages <100 Ma, suggesting that crust‐derived magmatism decreased after this time. Several of these dikes that were adjacent to faults also recorded a later Cretaceous reheating event, which may have been related to fault movement and magmatic activity in the deeper crust. Combined with previous research results, Cretaceous dike emplacement was contemporaneous with crustal extension and widespread magmatic activity, slightly later than the peak time of the NCC destruction, suggesting an intrinsic connection between the dikes' emplacement and NCC destruction. The crustal magma and tectonic activity are direct evidence of the craton destruction, so these age data constrain the timing of destruction in the southeastern portion of the NCC to approximately 95 Ma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Cambrian coral Cambroctoconus occurs selectively in the crypts of calcimicrobe Epiphyton reefs of the Zhangxia Formation (Miaolingian) in Shandong Province, North China. These cryptobionts preferentially grow laterally and/or downward, in some cases showing pendent growth from the ceilings of the reef framework. The upside‐down growth is clearly shown by the downward‐oriented aperture and the presence of fork‐like holdfasts at its base. The coral aggregations reveal two cryptic growth strategies: one involves the prevalence of far smaller individuals in vertically narrow spaces; the other involves the predominance of modular individuals in large cavernous spaces. Offset individuals frequently appear projecting downward and are connected to each other in a chain‐like fashion. Individuals often undergo rejuvenescence laterally and downward, when the growth directions may change. Therefore, the size and modularity of individuals and the direction of budding depend largely upon the cryptic microenvironments available at the time. The cryptobionts make the best use of vacant spaces by modifying the location of budding and altering their growth directions through rejuvenescence. The cryptic growth strategies found in Cambroctoconus indicate a certain degree of morphological variability in the modules. More importantly, they indicate that the individuals flexibly and exquisitely utilized the microbial crypts that were still predominant even during the middle Cambrian. These modes of cryptic growth demonstrate the age‐specific exploitation of niches by sessile skeletal organisms that was facilitated by the development of a firm attachment structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eastern Shandong is one of the most economically important regions for ore‐producing sedimentary‐metamorphic graphite deposits in China. The Liugezhuang and Daliangzikou graphite deposits in the Pingdu–Laixi Graphite Belt are typical examples. The ores in the Liugezhuang deposit and Daliangzikou deposit are typically gneiss/granulite type and biotite granulite type, respectively. Graphite occurs as stratabound layers of slender flakes associated with biotite, clinopyroxene, and plagioclase and as slender flakes and disseminated grains associated with biotite and filling tiny fractures in mineral grains. The mineral associations indicate that the ore rocks can be classified into four metamorphic facies: (a) amphibolite granulite facies, Cpx (Hy) + Opx (Di) + Pl ± Hbl ± Qz; (b) amphibolite facies, Hbl + Pl + Cpx (Opm) + Ep + Bt + Ms + Qz ± Chl ± Mic; (c) high‐grade greenshist facies, Hbl + Pl + Ep + Bt + Chl + Qz ± Cpx; and (d) low‐grade greenshist facies, Ep + Chl + Pl + Bt + Ms + Chl + Qz + Rt. Study of the variation in graphite crystals and fixed carbon with increasing metamorphic grade suggests that more than one metamorphism process (graphitization) occurred during ore formation. Geochemical analysis indicates that the primary condition under which the Liugezhuang and Daliangzikou graphite deposits formed was a marine facies sedimentary environment of which the material source was terrestrial weathering detritus and compounds and also a participation of terrestrial material in the graphite deposits. Trace element data suggest that the sedimentary condition was from a reducing condition in the Liugezhuang graphite deposit to a weaker reducing condition in the Daliangzikou graphite deposit, whereas samples from a Jingshan Group stratum show multiple oxidation–reduction conditions but dominantly oxidation. Carbon isotope analysis indicates that the carbon source of the Liugezhuang graphite deposit was organic, whereas that of the Daliangzikou graphite deposit was mainly organic carbon but with some inorganic participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

North China Craton experienced significant lithospheric destruction or delamination during the Late Mesozoic, accompanied with the emergence of numerous basins and intensive volcanism. Extensional basins also formed in East Shandong Province. Even though they have been studied for decades, the relationship between basin development and tectonic processes still remains obscure. Recently, a set of Early Cretaceous strata has been found in Lingshan Island. It is characterized by translating from turbidite deposits to terrestrial strata units and ending up with a unique volcaniclastic layer within a relatively short time span. Previous studies have reached an agreement that Lingshan Island strata are formed in a distinct sedimentary background compared with the coeval sedimentary units in Jiaolai Basin. Essential information about basin development and its tectonic setting in this region during Early Cretaceous are preserved in Lingshan Island strata. In this study, it shows the characteristics of heavy mineral assemblage and the characteristics of detrital minerals' chemical component in the two representative samples. Based on these studies, it indicates that Lingshan Island Basin was developed in a transpressional tectonic setting with complex source materials, mainly from Qianliyan Uplift during the period ca. 123–120 Ma. Then, the basin evolved within an extensional setting and was filled with locally derived clastics during 120 to 105 Ma. In addition, the basin evolved during the process of progressive lithospheric thinning and asthenosphere upwelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the first report of Streptomyces acidiscabies causing potato scab in China. Potato scab disease was first observed in 2004 on potato tubers in Shandong Sheng, a province in China after which traditional and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to identify the cause. Since pathogenicity test by inoculating potato plants of cv. Favorita showed no symptoms on control plants, pathogen was re-isolated from lesions of immature tubers and identified as S. acidiscabies.

The article discusses the Beet mosaic virus (BtMV) which infects vegetables, particularly lettuce (Lactuca sativa) in China. Accordingly, BtMV is widespread and mainly infects the plants belonging to the Chenopodiaceae, Solanaceae and Fabaceae. In 2004 and 2006, a series of field surveys were conducted to investigate such virus in Shandong Province, China. It mentions that lactuca sativa has shown symptoms of mosaic, puckering and severe stunting with an incidence of 30-40 %. Several tests were conducted and results indicate that the virus is BtMV.