Search

At root, contributions to the SI account for how institutional "context" emerges through the ongoing processes and practices of sustainable entrepreneurs and the manifold interactions they have with other actors. The SI contributions identify the strategies - more or less intentional - which enhance the position or capabilities of individual SMEs and/or collectives and which are founded on practice. This Special Issue (SI) specifies an agenda for the next decade of research on sustainable entrepreneurship. Taken as a whole, the papers in the SI caution against simplistic characterisations of sustainable entrepreneurship and call for careful analysis of relations among sustainable entrepreneurs (hip), fields, sectors, society and ecology. [Extracted from the article]

Digital technology and artificial intelligence technology have built an open sharing environment of intellectualization. For start‐ups, which are restricted by their own limited resources, it is wise to take inbound open innovation as a strategy to get external advanced technical information quickly. However, how to match technology resources obtained from outside with the organisation's demand is still a problem for entrepreneurial teams and entrepreneurial researchers. Based on the literature review of existing research and considering entrepreneurial teams' demand to deal with the challenges, this paper firstly analyses the relationship between entrepreneurial teams' inbound open innovation strategy and the innovative use of information technology by individuals in teams of start‐ups and based on the Identity Theory to explore the mechanism of IT identity on the relationship mentioned above. Lastly, the paper further analyses two types of team authorisation (structural empowerment and psychological empowerment) that play different moderating roles in the relationship of inbound open innovation, IT identity and the innovative use of information technology by individuals in teams. Using 238 survey data from entrepreneurial teams with linear regression analysis, we found that IT identity moderates the relationship between inbound open innovation and individual new IT technology exploration positively, and team psychological empowerment has further moderated the relationship between inbound open innovation and the innovative use of information technology by individuals in teams positively, while team structure empowerment plays an inverted U‐shaped moderation. This study has certain guiding significance for entrepreneurial teams to take advantage of digitalised opportunities, and it also has important value for innovation and digitalisation research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concerted effort to reduce ecological damages requires that the role of enterprises should be extended to incorporate environmental issues into their core business objectives. Despite huge developments in sustainable entrepreneurship research, outcomes of sustainable entrepreneurship uptake remain largely unclear. Drawing on data of Chinese firms, and utilizing fixed effects regression, our paper evaluates the conditions under which compliance with environmental regulation may enable or constrain corporate performance. We find that environmental compliance lowers corporate market performance and improves financial performance at the same time. We also find that the decline in market performance is reversed for large and privately owned enterprises, highlighting the role of firm size and ownership in corporate performance. When distinguishing between market‐ and financial performance, our evidence shows that environmental compliance will most likely improve market performance when enterprise carbon intensity level is low and improve financial performance when enterprise carbon intensity level is high. As we have discussed in our paper, these results have several implications from the point of view of managers, firm stakeholders, and policymakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Opportunity and resources are the two key elements of entrepreneurship, and they are inseparable. Scholars have paid more attention to integrating opportunities and resources for new ventures. At the same time, the academic community has widely recognized the important role of 'dynamic capability' in the survival and development of enterprises. However, few studies have explored the relationship between the integration of opportunity resources and dynamic capabilities of new ventures in essence and have not revealed the mechanism of big data analysis capability supported by artificial intelligence (BDAC‐AI) in the process of improving the entrepreneurial performance of new ventures. Based on the resource‐based view and dynamic capability theory, this paper integrates opportunity resource integration and dynamic capability into a research framework for the first time, constructs a new theoretical model and discusses the impact mechanism of BDAC‐AI and opportunity resource integration on entrepreneurial performance. Based on the data of 225 new ventures, this paper finds that (1) both BDAC‐AI and opportunity resource integration of new ventures have a positive impact on dynamic capability and dynamic capability has a positive role in promoting entrepreneurial performance; (2) dynamic capability plays an intermediary role in the relationship between BDAC‐AI, opportunity resource integration and new venture performance; and (3) BDAC‐AI positively regulates opportunity resource integration. However, it has no moderating effect on the mediating effect of dynamic capabilities. The research conclusion has important theoretical significance for the improvement of new ventures' entrepreneurial performance and has important practical significance for the survival and development of new ventures under the background of artificial intelligence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been adopted in entrepreneurial practices and generates huge economic benefits. It creates a number of digital start‐ups and changes the way in which entrepreneurial research and practice interact. Existing studies on the cross‐field of AI and entrepreneurial management are scattered. Accordingly, this paper conducts a comprehensive and systematic review of existing studies on AI in entrepreneurial management by applying VOSviewer, a knowledge graph tool, based on the data obtained from the Web of Science. The study standardizes and analyses prominent research topics, interprets research hotspots and points out directions for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

These are two excellent papers that view the Modigliani-Miller (MM) theorem from different perspectives. The Leland and Pyle (LP) paper considers what occurs when the financial claims of an entrepreneur convey information to the market about the type of project that is being financed. The Grossman and Stiglitz (GS) paper considers the financial decision when the market possesses full information about the returns of firms but where the market incompletely covers or markets claims in all contingencies. These are different approaches towards the same goal of developing a theory of corporate finance. The role of the MM theorem in these studies is analogous to that of Arrow's impossibility theorem in the theory of social choice. In both cases, to obtain an acceptable theory one must weaken the underlying assumptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author comments on the paper "Operating Decisions and the Disclosure of Management Accounting Information," concerning the use of operating decisions as an alternative to the direct disclosure of information. He states that if entrepreneurial expectations of first-period returns is below expected returns then the efficient policy would replace the asset. He mentions that suppliers receive no benefit from monitoring entrepreneurs and are paid a constant rent regardless of what the entrepreneur does. He comments about precommitment to replacement policies was not commonly observed.

Sustainable entrepreneurs operating in protected areas face distinctive barriers that place additional emphasis on the need to build legitimacy. To date, how they do this has not been entirely explored. This paper addresses this need through an exploratory study of sustainable entrepreneurs in a transnational protected area. The results indicate that sustainable entrepreneurs in protected areas face barriers that can be broadly classified as cognition spanning, locale and sector‐related barriers. The findings highlight that a key way sustainable entrepreneurs overcome these distinctive barriers is by building legitimacy through activism. Activism became instrumental in building legitimacy with varied stakeholders and actors. This is all geared towards overcoming barriers during the sustainable entrepreneurship process. The findings add to existing literature on the role of legitimacy building in sustainable entrepreneurship by detailing the different forms of legitimacy and how they are built through activism. The paper concludes with propositions about the conditions necessary for sustainable entrepreneurs to build legitimacy in fragile socioecological contexts through activism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the face of a crisis, understanding the possible determinants of economic performance can help managers act effectively. This paper examines the relationship between pre-shock firm openings and closings and regional economic resilience. Data from 294 municipalities in Brazil were analysed using descriptive statistics, ordinary least squares and quantile regression. The results show that the regions with the highest rates of firm births were also the most resilient to the COVID-19 shock. On the other hand, the least resilient regions were those with the highest pre-crisis enterprise death rates. These findings point to the promotion of entrepreneurship and institutional support for business activity as a means of enhancing the ability to withstand or recover from shocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Regional Science Policy & Practice is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Papers in Regional Science is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Permaculture is a growing but little researched phenomenon emphasising care for the environment, equity, fair treatment of people and working with—and not against—nature. It thus represents a potential alternative to business as usual, capable of addressing fundamental challenges posed by human‐made climate change. The paper examines a previously ignored site of entrepreneurship by taking a practice perspective, exploring connections between the practice and growth of permaculture and institutional entrepreneurship. It assesses practice‐related and institutional factors affecting the start‐up and operation of permaculture enterprises in the United Kingdom. The study maps and surveys UK Permaculture Association members who have started up their own business and reports on qualitative data from personal interviews with twenty of them. Data analysis employs NVivo software and involves thematic analysis pertaining to the practice, institutional biographies and institutional portfolios of permaculture entrepreneurs. The findings show the importance of permaculture activists' institutional biographies and institutional portfolios to the start‐up and operation of permaculture enterprises and for shaping permaculture‐related practice. The contribution of the paper lies in how it balances attention to individual agency with subfield‐specific, organisational field and macrosocial factors in understanding 'beyond profit' entrepreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article comments on the paper "The Roles of Performance Measures and Monitoring in Annual Governance Decisions in Entrepreneurial Firms," by Ellen Engel, Elizabeth A. Gordon and Rachel M. Hayes presented at the 2001 Journal of Accounting Research Conference. The paper suggests that entrepreneurial firms' corporate governance decisions are sensitive to the information environment facing the firm during initial public offerings (IPOs). The discussion looked at how boards of IPO firms manage the transition in chief executive officers (CEO) equity incentives as the firm goes public. Of all the governance decisions made by boards, the authors suggest that CEO equity ownership is one of the most important.

Based on three case studies of Chinese Internet start‐ups, this study seeks to address the research question: "How is digital entrepreneurship enacted in China?" Our findings reveal that there was a common theme that underpinned the start‐ups we studied, which we termed 'Qinghuai' in the language of the informants we spoke with. In this paper, we explain the roots of the concept and its six constituent elements at the individual, organizational, and ecosystem levels. These elements are then abstracted into two dimensions: (a) spiritual idealism and (b) perpetual development. We argue that Qinghuai as a concept is a product and reflection of the cultural and institutional complexity of contemporary China. Further, we discuss how Qinghuai facilitates digital entrepreneurship across the business, organizational, and technological domains. This explanation is substantiated by data from our three cases and juxtaposed with what has been discussed in the existing digital entrepreneurship literature. Finally, as we present the contributions of our study, we elaborate on (a) how Qinghuai reflects the contemporary context of China; (b) how Qinghuai is instrumental to digital entrepreneurship in China; and (c) how Qinghuai is different from other related concepts including Guanxi, collectivism, collective action and social entrepreneurship. We conclude the paper by discussing its limitations, future research opportunities, as well as its practical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper has examined the moral hazard-cum-adverse selection problem in a corporate finance context via an analysis of the debt/equity financial market structure. The complex capital structure obtained from issuing debt and equity does a better job of resolving these combined problems than does an all-equity structure. We examined this market structure under the assumption that means and standard deviations are positively correlated. While the technical details make the equilibrium derivation difficult in general, we were able to establish a set of market-based conjectures that lead to an informationally consistent complete sorting equilibrium. These can be summarized as follows. Entrepreneurs with low variances of terminal value choose high ownership shares. Entrepreneurs with greater expected marginal productivity work less, but generate identical expected returns and increase their debt-promised payment levels accordingly. Outside investment is indeterminate under the constant returns to scale assumption; nevertheless, the difference between aggregate external investment and debt-promised payment is increasing in productivity, ceteris paribus. The end result is that capital structure leaves every firm with the same probability of defaulting on its bonds. Therefore, this model would predict that defaults on corporate debt are not failures of the informational efficiency of financial markets; rather, they are due to market-wide events that are outside the firm's control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an introduction to the June, 1990 Summer Special Issue by the guest editors of the publication. The issue focuses on the state of theory, methods, and findings in corporate entrepreneurship research. The idea of corporate entrepreneurship was proposed for two major reasons; management personnel have recognized the need for increased entrepreneurial activity in large companies and more research has been focusing on organizational changes within big businesses. The editors say this special issue has been created in an attempt to draw more attention to this aspect of the field.

One consequence of vertical integration is increased firm size with the related problem of monitoring employees in a large enterprise. Writers on the theory of the firm suggest that this phenomenon is part of the entrepreneurial capacity problem. This paper argues that quasi-vertical integration via franchising can circumvent the problem and lead to larger-scale retail outlets. Using U.S. Census data from the eating place and motel industries, the empirical evidence in this paper suggests that physical dispersion of outlets and the value of brand name capital increase the entrepreneurial capacity problem, but that franchising offsets these forces and permits somewhat larger local outlets than using nonfranchised operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper sheds light on regional recovery prospects from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis by examining the link between gross rates of establishment openings and closures and local economic growth spanning the 2001 recession and the 2007-2009 global financial crisis (GFC). Consistent with existing literature, our results show that US counties with historically higher rates of dynamism - measured here as rates of establishment openings and closures, or churn - experience faster medium-run employment growth rates. Our novel finding relates to the time-varying effects of churn. Using a fixed-effects panel model of US counties from 1998 to 2018, we find higher pre-recession churn to be associated with larger employment losses during the GFC, and slightly faster employment gains during the subsequent recovery. High-churn counties experienced slower gains in median household incomes during both the 2001 recession and the GFC, but more rapid decreases in poverty rates during macroeconomic expansions. We conclude by identifying regions with historically low establishment churn that have suffered high employment losses during the COVID-19 crisis and may be in need of support to aid recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For research as well as policymakers aiming at fostering multilevel transitions toward sustainability, there is a clear need to better understand the transformative role and relevance of startups as newcomers in the market. The existing typologies of sustainable entrepreneurship and green startups have been derived from theory and are conceptual or anecdotal in nature. The lack of validity and generalizability is a major research gap, as the existing typologies do not provide a sufficient basis for policy decisions on how to promote which type of entrepreneurship to effectively support specific transition policies. Against this backdrop, we investigate the research question: Does the transformation orientation differ among startups, and if so, how can they be clustered as basis for sustainability transition policy? Based on a sample of 1674 startups and cluster analysis, the paper makes three important contributions: First, we provide a differentiated perspective and empirical data on the transformation orientation of newcomers. Second, we provide an empirically founded taxonomy of the transformative orientation of startups and contribute to theory‐building of transformative entrepreneurship. Third, we test the assumption inherent in most existing frameworks that there exists a high‐potential subgroup of startups. Our results confirm the existence of a clearly distinguishable subgroup with a particularly high transformation orientation, which we label as "sustainability transformers." In terms of transition strategies, policymakers can build on our findings to adjust public funds and support programs in favor of specific subgroups such as sustainability transformers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to offer an alternative to a priori theorising in research on firm‐level growth and environmental sustainability. We outline an approach that combines John Shotter's phenomenology with post‐hoc application of the Bourdieusian concepts of habitus, practices and social capital. This is illustrated empirically through a study conducted with a small group of Finnish entrepreneurs, which examines their lived experience of growth alongside its practical application in their ventures. The entrepreneurs' responses reveal holistic perspectives on growth that extend beyond the economic to incorporate personal commitments to norms of collectivity and well‐being for themselves and others. The paper offers an exploratory but empirically grounded approach, arguing that a combination of insiders' perspectives and attention to the social embedding of economic activity challenge the dichotomous distinctions between sustainable and conventional entrepreneurship and reveal a degree of commonality that would not be evident via conventional categorisations on the basis of features such as business model type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Regional Science Policy & Practice is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: This conceptual paper develops a new perspective linking the concept of “adaptive efficiency” with the allocative, discovery and creative functions of the market from an institutional perspective. The efficacy of the adaptive efficiency of market functions in improving economic performance is proposed to be measured by changes in transaction costs. This perspective enables an analysis of the independent and interrelated effects of these functions, provides a more complete understanding of entrepreneurial activities and the efficient allocation of resources, better deals with the central problems of economic system and organisation, namely, adaptation and the coordination of knowledge, and has useful implications for public policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines business performance and crisis‐mitigation strategies among micro, small, and medium‐sized enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We utilise a new primary dataset based on administrative records, survey data, and follow‐up interviews with merchants using the digital application GoFood, an on‐demand cooked food delivery service. Three empirical findings emerge: first, the overall employment size of women‐owned businesses shrank more than men‐owned businesses after the onset of the pandemic; second, women were more likely than men to cut personal expenditures and use government assistance as crisis‐mitigation strategies; and third, competition increased sharply as new merchants entered the platform, with the service areas of both incumbents and entrants shrinking over time. These results have implications for policies on womenʼs entrepreneurship, the uptake of business development services, and financing programs for MSMEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we examine the relationship between the conditions of the entrepreneurial environment and high‐potential entrepreneurship according to the stage of economic development of the country. A structural equation model was designed based on data from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor project, which contains information about 62 countries. Our results suggest that economic development and high‐potential entrepreneurship have a greater impact on the entrepreneurial ecosystem than entrepreneurial activity in general—with special effects on government programs, R&D transfer, and access to the domestic market. Notably, the level of influence of sustainable economic development and high‐potential entrepreneurship depends on the level of economic development of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the joint provision of effort by an entrepreneur and by an advisor to improve the productivity of an investment project. Without moral hazard, it is optimal that both exert effort. With moral hazard, if the entrepreneur's effort is more efficient (less costly) than the advisor's effort, the latter is not hired if she does not provide funds. Outside financing arises endogenously. This explains why investors like venture capitalists are value enhancing. The level of outside financing determines whether common stocks or convertible bonds should be issued in response to incentives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents abstracts on research articles previously published in the "Strategic Management Journal," including "The Myth of the Unique Decomposability: Specializing the Herfindahl and Entropy Measures," by William Acar and Kizhekepat Sankaran, "Emergence of Entrepreneurs Following Exogenous Technological Change," by Richard J. Arend, and "Entrepreneurship in Multinational Corporations: The Characteristics of Subsidiary Initiaives," by Julian Birkinshaw.

This paper presents the model of a relationship between a venture capitalist and an entrepreneur engaged in the formation of a new firm. I assume that the entrepreneur derives private nonpecuniary benefits from having some control over the firm. I show that to separate the entrepreneur's value of control from the firm's expected payoff, the venture capitalist demands disproportionately higher control rights than the size of his equity investment. The entrepreneur is compensated for a greater loss of control through better terms of financing, ability to extract higher rents from asymmetric information, and improved risk sharing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Born sustainable firms' (BSFs) — firms founded with an explicit strategic intent to operate in a sustainable manner play an important role in the sustainability transition and represent a significant but underutilized research site. Adopting the dynamic capabilities (DC) perspective, this paper explores BSFs' pursuit of their environmental and social goals. Having first assessed and confirmed its relevance to the BSF context, a high level framework of DC processes is operationalized. Through a dialogic approach, comparing the literature and empirical material from 12 BSFs from a wide range of sectors and locations, an in‐depth picture of 28 processes underlying sensing, seizing and transforming meta‐capabilities emerges. All but one of the detailed processes can be linked to prior research and are specific, though not unique, to BSF. Whilst the operationalized framework of DC processes in the BSF context extends prior research, the established notion of competitive advantage — framing organizational goals and impact in terms of financial outcomes and strategic performance relative to rivals — is problematic in this context. We therefore reconceptualize BSF's organizational goals and impact in terms of 'sustainability advantage', that is, maximization of environmental and social performance within the constraint of economic viability. In addition, we identify two key dimensions of advantage: time horizon, which ranges from immediate to longer term impact, and scope, which ranges from organization‐centred to system‐wide impact. The findings have clear implications not only for sustainable entrepreneurship but also for incumbent firms moving towards genuine sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines two social enterprises and 25+ informal economy micro-entrepreneurs in Kenya who utilize waste materials to generate income, considered through the conceptual lens of bricolage. Waste materials can all be considered as sources of free or discounted materials that in resource-constrained and poor communities might be leveraged to generate income in the absence of employment. This paper explores three key themes that emerge from the research findings, namely the various strategic dimensions of the cases, the networks and social capital they leverage and how these livelihood models relate to various dimensions of bricolage such as improvisation, making do and the process of 'fiddling' or recombining resources. The findings also suggest that differing waste livelihoods have different rates of return, or profitability, and differing input requirements of capital, skills and knowledge. The paper also stresses the role of boundary spanning organizations such as NGOs and hybrid/social enterprises. © 2016 The Authors. Business Strategy and the Environment published by ERP Environment and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A broad consensus exists that Australian economic activity is too heavily concentrated in capital cities, and regional employment creation should be encouraged. Given the magnitude of international migration to Australia, it is important to determine the impact of migration on regional development by investigating business ownership and job creation by international migrants in regional areas. This paper examines the probability that regional migrant business owners are employers – and thereby employment generators – using a multivariate logit model. We find that migrant business owners with staff are more likely to be male, married and live in regional NSW, metropolitan Victoria and regional and metropolitan Queensland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Economics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this paper is to study the first phase—from 2014 to 2016—of the Swedish Public Employment Service's renewal journey by examining how the agency worked to achieve its new strategy through processes of strategic management and entrepreneurship. We did this through the theoretical lens of strategic entrepreneurship (SE). The results showed that the agency's renewal processes are simultaneously entrepreneurial and strategic. The agency is historically well known for its detailed management and control, which creates several tensions with entrepreneurship. We contributed to previous literature by focusing on the organizational aspects of these tensions and the SE practices of balancing entrepreneurship with strategic management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper delves into the question: How does an entrepreneur commercialising an open source technology (an "open entrepreneur") respond when an underlying infrastructure that is maintained by a distributed and heterogeneous community become stigmatised, particularly when the source of the stigma is unclear? Research has found that, when faced with stigma, the most effective and robust strategy for established nondigital firms is to try to and create a distance from it. Open entrepreneurs with different ideologies would likely benefit from similar actions; however, the interdependencies created when they rely upon a digital infrastructure may make this strategy impossible. Given the tensions between ideological heterogeneity and a shared infrastructure, how—and why—do open entrepreneurs respond to stigma? This paper extends existing literature on stigma by developing a model of ideologically mediated responses to stigma by open entrepreneurs through an inductive study based upon interviews, archival, and forum data. We further contribute to extant literature on open entrepreneurship by proposing a model of ideologically mediated responses to stigma, which is grounded in group identity theory. We also build on digital infrastructure literature by proposing the concept of digital infrastructure anchoring. Lastly, we show how ideological heterogeneity leads to business model heterogeneity among open entrepreneurs and discuss the practical implications of this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the intertwined nature of private and public interests, local governments tend to use collaborative partnerships involving entrepreneurs to promote regional entrepreneurship. However, there is still a gap in the theory with regard to the mechanisms underpinning these collaborative partnerships. Drawing on the institutional entrepreneurship literature, we identify the enabling conditions and articulate the role played by local government as an institutional entrepreneur in fostering regional entrepreneurship through entrepreneurial public–private collaborative partnerships. This paper explicates two distinct mechanisms – the establishment of new institutional arrangements by the institutional entrepreneur and the advocation of diffusion by other actors – that underpin entrepreneurial public–private collaborative partnerships. Importantly, we underscore the crucial role played by returnee entrepreneurs who interact collaboratively with the institutional entrepreneur in affecting institutional change and fostering regional entrepreneurship. We conduct in‐depth qualitative interviews with local government officials, entrepreneurs and high‐tech park managers, in conjunction with performing content analysis of policy documents in a peripheral region of China – areas that have largely been neglected in scholarly research. This paper concludes with some theoretical and policy implications for public management and entrepreneurship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the performance of Philadelphia's eight-bank minority loan program, The Job Loan and Urban Venture Corporation of Philadelphia (JLC), and assesses its ability to select good credit risks from its total minority loan applicant pool. JLC is a non-profit corporation that was created in April, 1968 by eight Philadelphia commercial banks for the purpose of issuing and guaranteeing loans to minority entrepreneurs. Through January, 1970 (the time through which the data used in this study were gathered), JLC processed 848 loan applicants, of whom 290 were approved for approximately three million dollars in loans. The key issue explored by this paper--how does a bank differentiate between potentially good and potentially bad credit risks--goes beyond the questions raised by the examination of a single program's performance. To properly evaluate the JLC program's ability to select good credit risks, a generalized method for selecting potentially superior loan customers had to be developed. This methodology, as developed here and applied to JLC, has potential applications in other minority-oriented loan programs as well as other non-minority credit operations. The findings about JLC, also, bear upon a turbulent and extremely important contemporary debate--the viability of black capitalism and the possible role of utilizing private sector capital to finance it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Established firms face the challenge of managing entrepreneurial strategies in order to respond effectively to major environmental changes. This paper uses a simulation methodology to explore the effectiveness of several entrepreneurial strategies in established organizations when they are faced with a fundamental restructuring of their environment. The simulated organizations are characterized by high and low levels of entrepreneurial activity and three types of entrepreneurial strategies: fixed, imitative, and adaptive. The behavior of these organizations is guided by the assumptions of an organizational learning model. The results of the simulation indicate that, given the assumptions of a learning model, there are several lessons that established organizations should consider in managing entrepreneurial strategy. First, there are important organizational implications under different levels of ambiguity. Second, lessons learned from past experience can often result in learning traps when the environment changes. Finally, conceptualizing organizations as characterized by different entrepreneurial strategies and different levels of entrepreneurship provides a theoretically useful description of differential outcomes in terms of performance, growth, and the probability of failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this paper is to present an empirical analysis of the sequence relating the performance of the firm to its behavior, which in turn depends upon the origin and personal characteristics of the entrepreneurs. The data are drawn from new Spanish firms. A typology of new entrepreneurs is constructed, based on their basic work aspirations. Each type of entrepreneur is then examined, in terms of the origin and personal characteristics of the members of the class. The results of the study show that significant differences exist among the entrepreneurs and firms of each type, especially in terms of the size of the firm (number of employees) and its evolution over time. The implications of these results, for the theory of entrepreneurship and for the design of policies towards the creation of new firms, are then derived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on the complementary asset theory, this paper develops a conceptual model to explain the relationships among intrafirm knowledge sharing, knowledge application, and innovation as well as the moderating effect of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) on the intrafirm knowledge sharing and knowledge application. Using a sample of 607 Chinese firms, this paper empirically examines this model. The results show that, under China's transition economy, the positive relationship between intrafirm knowledge sharing and a firm's innovation is mediated by knowledge application. Furthermore, intrafirm knowledge sharing facilitates knowledge application, and EO positively moderates this relationship. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The promotion of entrepreneurial activity is high on the educational agenda, reflecting economic and political interest and support. However, the study of entrepreneurial learning is characterized by a diffuse and fragmented literature which spans policy, individual learning and business development, with conclusions based on a plethora of methodological approaches. In this paper, a systemic schema is modified and developed to provide a frame of reference for the study of entrepreneurial learning. The paper is based on a study of women's narratives of their experience as small/micro-enterprise owner/managers in the UK. Theoretical developments concerning the potential usefulness of the schema are discussed; practical implications for the design of entrepreneurship development programmes are also presented. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the embeddedness of digital entrepreneurship in the entrepreneurs' indigenous value system by examining the influence of 'Ubuntu' on digital entrepreneurship activities in the South African context. We do so through an interpretive field study of two innovation clusters in South Africa. Our findings reveal Ubuntu as the basis of a community orientation to digital entrepreneurship that offers an alternative to the prevalent heroic view in which digital entrepreneurship narratives are centred around the individual entrepreneur(s). They also highlight the tensions faced by digital entrepreneurs as they attempt to uphold the Ubuntu values of humility, reciprocity, and benevolence while operating in a competitive and fast‐paced environment. In addition, our study indicates that the way entrepreneurs draw on their indigenous value system is dynamic, giving rise to what we call digital Ubuntu, reflecting a reworking of Ubuntu values into their increasingly digital reality. The concept of digital Ubuntu brings to light how indigenous values can become entangled with the capabilities of digital technologies and highlights the need for indigenous perspectives to advance our understanding of the diversity of digital phenomena, such as digital entrepreneurship, across cultural contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the links between entrepreneurship, emancipation and gender within the international development arena. Through a longitudinal analysis of a micro-enterprise development project in which intermediary organizations contract traditional handicrafts from female home-based producers, we focus on the impact of contracting policies on the ability of the desperately poor to improve their disadvantaged position. Our critical analysis reveals how intermediaries who impose exclusive contracting conditions, supposedly to protect the women's interests, actually constrain the emancipatory potential of the women's entrepreneurial activities. However, such contractual limitations generate collaborative networks enabling the women to challenge these constraints in an effort to assert control over their activities. Accordingly, this paper contributes to contemporary debates concerning the emancipatory potential of entrepreneurship within the context of development. We advance this analysis through a gendered evaluation of the role of intermediary organizations on entrepreneurial emancipation and related empowerment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT. This paper examines the development of a separate economic niche for black entrepreneurs in Chicago's ethnic beauty aids industry. It argues that this economic niche developed in response to advantages black entrepreneurs had in mobilizing ethnic resources in the black community. The paper's findings lend support to general theoretical arguments stating that ethnicity, race, and other symbols for identity function as low-cost screening devices for evaluating the likelihood that trading partners will honor economic contracts, particularly in a market setting where formal market mechanisms are not fully developed. The findings are based on a series of in-person interviews with Korean, Jewish and black distributors of ethnic beauty aids in Chicago. Although this paper focuses on a single market niche, its conclusions indicate that greater attention needs to be paid to the effects of social, political, economic and structural factors on minority business development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the determinants and the time pattern of the subjective well-being of private business owners. We find that both personal and enterprise-level factors have a significant influence on subjective status of private business owners. Meanwhile, we find supportive evidence of Easterlin paradox among Chinese private entrepreneurs: both personal income and operating revenue enhance subjective status in a certain period, but subjective status declines as time goes by, even as incomes continue to rise. A further Oaxaca--Blinder decomposition suggests that the competition and provincial factors are the keys to explaining the paradox. Finally, we try to verify the positive effect of political connection on entrepreneurs' subjective status to provide some helpful advice for the government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper demonstrates how the Regional Entrepreneurship and Development Index (REDI) can be used to optimize local entrepreneurial discovery processes, in a manner which can support smart specialization strategies (S3). While S3 industry prioritization is based on the identification of local strengths, regional improvement can be achieved by improving the weakest features of the local entrepreneurial ecosystem. REDI based suggestions are place‐based and offer rationale for tailor‐made regional policy interventions. We found that without optimizing the entrepreneurial ecosystem, the industry specialization alone may not be successful because of the inability of the ecosystem to nurture high growth ventures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Regional Science Policy & Practice is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper provides an overview of the international business and entrepreneurship implications of Brexit. Our perspective is preliminary and based on a review of the practitioner, policy and academic literature over the first month following the Brexit vote. We highlight some of the potentially negative consequences for markets in the UK and around the world that result from barriers to trade and immigration associated with the uncertainty created by Brexit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores how external economies influence the survival of new, independent business establishments in the continental United States using a confidential, establishment-level dataset on new firm longevity. Industrial localization has a positive influence on new businesses survival in five of the eight industries examined. Regional industrial diversity is also beneficial to new firms in five study industries, particularly those that are more knowledge-intensive. The benefits of city size are limited to two study industries, with diseconomies of size found for an additional three. Resumen Este artículo explora cómo influyen las economías externas en la supervivencia de nuevos establecimientos comerciales independientes en la parte continental de los EE.UU. y utiliza la longevidad de nuevas empresas incluida en un conjunto de datos confidencial a escala de establecimiento. La localización industrial tiene una influencia positiva en la supervivencia de nuevos negocios en cinco de los ocho sectores examinados. La diversidad industrial regional es también beneficiosa para las nuevas empresas de cinco de los sectores de estudio, en particular en los que dependen más del conocimiento. Los beneficios del tamaño de la ciudad están limitados a dos de los sectores estudiados, y se encontraron deseconomías de escala para tres sectores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction to the journal is presented in which the editor discusses various reports published within the issue including one about networks and economic agglomerations, another one about network analysis application in innovation studies, and one on innovation and entrepreneurship.

In 1991 Steven Bennett published one of the first major publications on the concept of ecopreneurship, business opportunities resulting from the emerging environmental agenda of the late 1980s and early 1990s ( Ecopreneuring: the Complete Guide to Small Business Opportunities From the Environmental Revolution. Wiley: New York). Since then a body of literature has developed that explores the idea of the intersection of entrepreneurship with environmentally and socially responsible behaviour. Many of the business cases presented by Bennett represent early adopters of green products, services and emerging eco-markets. Given the current emphasis on the transformation of business practices towards a more sustainable paradigm it is timely to review these 94 early ecopreneurial examples and consider their status two decades on from the original publication. This paper explores the definitions of environmental and social enterprise, and considers the longitudinal survival of these companies and the emerging trends in consolidation and failure of the sampled companies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]