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Introduction: Problem‐solving skills (PSS) help to provide a systematic approach to dealing with and managing complex problems. The overall aim of this study was to assess the acceptability and feasibility of developing and adapting a prison‐based PSS workbook for adults within a medium‐ and low‐secure hospital. Method: We used the Medical Research Council framework in our participatory mixed methods study incorporating an adapted survey (to identify what types of problems people experience in secure hospitals), a series of three interactive workshops (to co‐produce two case study examples for a workbook) and we gathered feedback from patients and hospital staff on the acceptability and feasibility of the workbook. Data from the survey were used to inform the case study examples, and the feedback from patients and hospital staff was descriptively summarised and the results consolidated. Results: In total, 82 (51%) patients took part in the survey; 22 patients and 49 hospital staff provided feedback on the workbook. The survey results indicated that patients regularly experience problems while in the hospital. Patients reported problems relating to restrictions of freedom and boredom. The workshops produced two case studies for the workbooks, with mainly positive patient and staff feedback. More work is required to improve the visual representation of the characters in the case studies, the amount and content of the language and the mechanism of the intervention delivery. Conclusion: The adaptation process proved acceptable and feasible to both patients and staff. The co‐production methodology for the workbook and feedback from patients and staff was an effective way of iteratively refining the materials to ensure that they were both meaningful and acceptable to staff and patients. Subsequent work is required to develop the workbook and evaluate the feasibility of the intervention delivery, recruitment rates, uptake and adherence to the PSS using a randomised controlled trial. Patient or Public Contribution: At each stage of the project consultation with patients and/or hospital staff was involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To establish weight‐based dose bands for commonly used oral medicines, given in liquid forms, for children in the UK that could be used for prescribing and administering accurate and safe drug doses. Methods: A list of commonly prescribed, oral liquid medications was established from the medication dispensing database of four UK hospitals and a primary care database. The evidence base of currently used dose regimens for each drug was identified from paediatric reference books, summary of product characteristics and the literature. Then, weight‐based dose bands were developed and a modified Delphi process was used to achieve healthcare professional consensus about the suggested dose bands for each drug. Results: Forty‐six experts in paediatric medicines participated in the Delphi process (mean years of experience 17.3 ± 9.4 [standard deviation]) and assessed 45 oral liquid drugs in total. Four categories of weight‐based dose bands were established: drugs with two dose bands (17.8%, 8/45), drugs with three dose bands (64.4%, 29/45), drugs with four dose bands (15.6%, 7/45) and drugs with five dose bands (2.2%, 1/45). The 46 participants reached consensus on all the suggested dose bands for 53.3% (24/45) of the drugs. Consensus was reached in the first round of the Delphi process for 91.7% (22/24) of the drugs and after two rounds for two drugs. No agreement was achieved on any of the suggested dose bands for 26.7% (12/45) of the drugs. Conclusion: This study provides healthcare professionals with a set of recommended weight‐based dose bands for commonly prescribed oral liquid drugs for children. These bands could establish the basis for change in clinical practice to reduce dosing errors and improve healthcare for children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tobacco use is responsible for approximately 80–90% of non‐small cell lung cancer cases. A large evidence base has shown that the ERBB pathway is associated with the occurrence of lung cancer. However, the mechanisms of how smoking activates the ERBB pathway have yet to be explained. We hypothesized that microRNAs may induce ERBB pathway activity during the process of lung cancer carcinogenesis. Methods: We analyzed microRNA array data from the Gene Expression Omnibus and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes to determine any associations between genes and smoking in three groups of patients with NSCLC: smokers, former smokers, and non‐smokers. Results: The interaction network among miRNAs, including hsa‐mir‐185‐3p, hsa‐mir‐4295, hsa‐mir‐4288, and hsa‐mir‐613, promotes lung cancer development by affecting the ERBB pathway. Conclusion: Our findings provide evidence to explain the mechanism of lung cancer development in smokers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lack of monitoring capacity is a key barrier for nutrition interventions and limits programme management, decision making and programme effectiveness in many low‐income and middle‐income countries. A 2011 global assessment reported lack of monitoring capacity was the top barrier for home fortification interventions, such as micronutrient powders or lipid‐based nutrient supplements. A Manual for Developing and Implementing Monitoring Systems for Home Fortification Interventions was recently disseminated. It is comprehensive and describes monitoring concepts and frameworks and includes monitoring tools and worksheets. The monitoring manual describes the steps of developing and implementing a monitoring system for home fortification interventions, including identifying and engaging stakeholders; developing a programme description including logic model and logical framework; refining the purpose of the monitoring system, identifying users and their monitoring needs; describing the design of the monitoring system; developing indicators; describing the core components of a comprehensive monitoring plan; and considering factors related to stage of programme development, sustainability and scale up. A fictional home fortification example is used throughout the monitoring manual to illustrate these steps. The monitoring manual is a useful tool to support the development and implementation of home fortification intervention monitoring systems. In the context of systematic capacity gaps to design, implement and monitor nutrition interventions in many low‐income and middle‐income countries, the dissemination of new tools, such as monitoring manuals may have limited impact without additional attention to strengthening other individual, organisational and systems levels capacities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite arguments for more fully including informational text in early childhood classrooms, research suggests that young children's exposure to the genre is quite limited. This article focuses on the informational books that children do encounter, specifically through read-alouds, and describes the narrow focus of those books. Informational read-alouds are overwhelmingly on topics of life science. The authors advocate for both increasing and broadening the informational books read aloud to young children and provide recommendations for ensuring productive read-aloud experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the review, updating and expansion of key definitions for emergency department (ED) operations at the Second Performance Measures and Benchmarking Summit which was held in Salt Lake City, Utah. Some of the functions of participants at the summit are cited, including to maintain consistency with existing recognized work in Ed operations. New terms for specific patients and tasks and their definitions are provided, including psychiatric ED, pediatric ED, intake area, ED treatment room and triage area.

Since the late 1980s, collocations have received increasing attention in applied linguistics, especially language teaching, as is evidenced by the many publications on the topic. These works fall roughly into two lines of research (a) those focusing on the identification and use of collocations (Benson, 1989; Hunston, 2002; Hunston & Francis, 2000; Smadja & McKeown, 1991; Wouden, 1997) and (b) those focusing on the learning and teaching of collocations, including the development of reference books and textbooks (Bahns & Eldaw, 1993; Benson, Benson, & Ilson, 1997; Crowther, Dignen, & Lea, 2002; Hill & Lewis, 2002; Keshavarz & Salimi, 2007; Lewis, 2000, 2002; McCarthy & O'Dell, 2005; Nesselhauf, 2003; O'Dell & McCarthy, 2008; Sun & Wang, 2003; Webb & Kagimoto, 2009). Although these publications have greatly enhanced our under- standing of collocations and their role learning and teaching, a close look at them indicates a lack of critical examination of the definition and the nature of collocations and the way collocations are taught. This article aims to address the issue through (a) a close critical examination of the collocations in existing teaching or reference materials and the typical way they are taught and (b) a corpus-based analysis of some representative collocations. On the basis of the examination and analysis, the article argues for a more effective pedagogical approach to collocations that involves corpus-based cognitive analysis of collocations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a comparison of large-scale music-theoretical reference books in English and German. The books compared are "Handwörterbuch der musikalischen Terminologie," "Die Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart," "The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians," and "Cambridge History of Western Music Theory."

Presents a list of references. "Observing Interaction: An Introduction to Sequential Analysis," 2nd ed., by R. Bakeman and J. M. Gottman; "Children Talk About the Mind," by K. Bartsch and H. M. Wellman; "Sexism and Stereotypes in Modern Society: The Gender Science of Janet Taylor Spence," by L. A. Gilbert.

The article presents a list of reference books related to economics. Some of the books listed are: The Personal Distribution of Incomes, edited by A.B. Atkinson; The Regulatory Agency and the Public Corporation: The Canadian Air Transport Industry, by J.R. Baldwin; Rationality and the Social Sciences: Contributions to the Philosophy and Methodology of the Social Sciences, edited by S.I. Benn and G.W. Mortimore; The World Economy, Money and the Great Depression, by G. Heberler; Income Distribution Policies and Economic Growth in Semindustrialized Countries: A Comparative Study of Iran, Mexico, Brazil, and South Korea, by R.E. Looney; The Growth and Structure of the Chilean Economy: From Independence to Allende, by M.J. Mamalakis; Foreign Investment in Copper Mining: Case Studies of Mines in Peru and Papua New Guinea, by R.F. Mikesell; Economics and Freedom of Expression: Media Structure and the First Amendment by B.M. Owen and International Commercial Satellite Communications: Economic and Political Issues of the First Decade of INTELSAT, by M.S. Snow.

Lists reference books on history. 'Historical Sociology,' by Philip Abrams; 'Seven Medieval Historians,' by Joseph Dahmus; 'Foundations of Psychohistory,' by Lloyd DeMause.

Lists reference books on history. 'Seven Theories of Human Society,' by Tom Campbell; 'Historians and Historiography in the Italian Renaissance,' by Eric Cochrane; 'Plato's Philosophy of History,' by Daniel A. Dombrowski.

Lists reference books on history. 'Human Nature and History: A Response to Sociobiology,' by K. Bock; 'Sociology and History,' by Peter Burke; 'Perspectives on History,' by William H. Dray.

Lists reference books on history. 'Andrew D. White--Educator, Historian, Diplomat,' by Glenn C. Altschuler; 'Historians of Eighteenth Century Europe 1715-1789,' by M.S. Anderson; 'Problems of Indian Historiography,' edited by D. Devahuti.

Lists reference books on history. 'History: Its Theory and Method,' by B. Sheikh Ali; 'Politics and History,' by Raymond Aron; 'Knowledge and Explanation in History: An Introduction to the Philosophy of History,' by R.F. Atkinson; 'History and Theory,' by Fain Haskell.

Lists reference books on history. 'Transcribing and Editing Oral History,' by Willa K. Baum; 'Edward Gibbon and the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire,' edited by G.W. Bowerstock, John Clive and Stephen Graubard; 'A Poetic for Sociology: Toward a Logic of Discovery for the Human Sciences,' by Richard Harvey Brown.

Lists reference books on history. 'Philosophy, History and Politics: Studies in Contemporary English Philosophy of History,' by Nathan Rotenstreich; 'History and Theory,' by J.L. Herkless; 'History and Truth,' by Adam Schaff; 'Tacitus in Renaissance Political Thought,' by Kenneth C. Schellhase.

Lists reference books on history. 'Making Sense of History: The Philosophies of Popper and Collingwood,' by Peter Skagestad; 'Causation and Conditionals,' edited by Ernest Sosa; 'American Historical Review,' by C. Vann Woodward; 'Evidenc and Explanation in Social Science,' by Gerald Studdert-Kennedy.

Lists reference books on history. 'The American Compromise: Theme and Method in the Histories of Bancroft, Parkman and Adams,' by Richard C. Vitzthum; 'The Ecumenic Age,' by Eric Voegelian; 'Thomas Hardy and History,' by R.J. White; 'History and Theory,' by Robert E. Bonner.

Lists reference books on history. 'What Is the Good History? Selected Letters of Carl L. Becker, 1900-1945,' edited by Michael Kammen; 'Comparative Studies in Society and History,' by Alexander Gershenkron; 'Reviews in European History,' by Lowell Tillett.

The article focuses on desk dictionaries' requirements for foreign students studying in colleges in the U.S. A foreign student needs to be taught what a desk dictionary contains. He should want a dictionary that includes information directly useful to his academic purpose. A foreign student has additional requirements of a dictionary because he has had so little direct experience with the English language and culture. His own language may not permit dividing a word at the end of a line. Therefore, he may need special guidance in the conventions of hyphenating English words. Definitions of contemporary campus usage are required for him. Some of the dictionaries recommended for foreign students are Random House Dictionary of the English Language, American College Dictionary and Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary.

Presents an update related to the foreign language study community as of January 1925. Reading materials for high school French course; Senior high school enrollment in different foreign languages; Meeting of the new England Modern Language Association in Vermont.

Presents suggestions and reference books on Germany. Information on book lists for the study of German geography and history; List of pictures and books recommended for the study of German art; Details on the books 'Alsace-Lorraine Under German Rule,' by Charles Downer Hazen; 'Question of Alsace-Lorraine,' by Whitney Warren.

Emphasizes the need for scientific standards in selecting textbooks on language. Considerations in textbook selection; Checklist of textbook characteristics.

In this article the author discusses the publication of large reference volumes such as handbooks, encyclopedias, and readers as a way that publishers attempt to create hyper-consumption. This practice is said to encourage self-plagiarism, produce academic work that is not read or cited, and represent academic capitalism. The multilingualism and intercultural communication research website Language-on-the-Move, located at www.languageonthemove.org, is discussed.

Despite the recent advances in seed science research, information on seed dormancy and germination traits is still missing for many lineages of the seed plants. We translated and digitized a huge data set on seed dormancy and germination from the Reference Book On Dormant Seed Germination by M. Nikolaeva, M. Razumova, and V. Gladkova published in Russian in 1985 and previously not readily accessible to the great majority of people in the international scientific community interested in seeds. The data set contains information on the seed dormancy classification (sensu Nikolaeva et al., 1985; Baskin and Baskin, 2004), dormancy‐breaking conditions/germination, and for some of the included species storage behaviour, of seeds of nearly 3000 gymnosperm and angiosperm species from 843 genera and 164 families occurring worldwide. Additionally, the data set contains about 550 references, many of them unknown to seed scientists, to seed ecology research conducted between 1926 and 1985. The data set should be of value to applied, basic, and theoretical plant biologists, ecologists, and evolutionary biologists interested in the various aspects of regeneration of plants from seeds. There are no copyright or proprietary restrictions for research or teaching purposes. The originator of the data would appreciate notification when and how the data are used. When used in published analyses, this paper should be referred to as the data source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lists reference books on history. 'The Marxist Conception of Ideology: A Critical Essay,' by Martin Seliger; 'Method and Theory in Historical Archeology,' by Stanley South; 'Research Strategies in Historical Archeology,' edited by Stanley South.

An introduction is presented to a section on academic reference books, mentioning articles on topics including the relationships between publishers and editors, the readership of reference books, and the authorship of reference book articles.

The article discusses academic reference works, arguing that articles in handbooks may serve as useful synthetic contributions to academic disciplines. The author says that writing and contributing such articles allows authors to further their own research. Other topics include the links between new subfields and academic disciplines, publisher guidelines for synthesis articles, and the differences between synthesis articles and primary research articles. Synthesis articles are said to point the way toward future research rather than merely summarizing previous scholarship.

The article discusses the revision of handbooks, noting that many handbooks could be more comprehensive, up-to-date, and affordable. Gaps in content, scholarly ossification, and overly high prices are noted. The concerns of readers including academic researchers, students, and teachers are addressed. The authors suggest that these concerns could be addressed through the reduction of handbook prices, the collaboration of senior scholars and junior scholars in authoring chapters, and the inclusion of authors from various parts of the world.

This article presents information regarding some books and publications having significance for classroom use. The book "The Girl You Marry," by James H. Bossard and Eleanor Stoker Boll, is a book for young men about women--about average American girls, healthy physically, mentally, socially. The book "She-Manners," by Robert H. Loeb, is a slang-slinging sister book to "He-Manners," by the same author. Here in this book, Loeb moves from tips on self understanding through notes on attracting the right boys, to date behavior, getting along with parents, and essential etiquette related to landing a job. The book "Teenage Living," by Nell Giles Ahern, may be used as a text or a reference book for beginning high school courses in family living. The book "The Adolescent Through Fiction," by Norman Kiell, is a unique resource book for the high school teacher or for a family living course in which students seek to understand themselves. The book "Children's Views of Themselves," by Ira J. Gordon, is a 36-page booklet that will provide dramatic resource material for the child development or child study units in a family living course.

In this article, the author focuses on his interest for reading encyclopaedias. He includes that his affection for reading books was inherited from his parents. He discusses his experience for providing an entry for the "Dictionary of National Biography" (DNB). He mentions of his article on "Obstetrics" in the "Encyclopedia of Sciences and Religions"

The article discusses the publication of academic reference works, arguing that they primarily benefit publishers, who market such works to libraries. It is said that large handbooks serve commercial rather than scholarly ends, as neither readers nor researchers particularly desire the publication of such works. Other topics include conceptions of handbooks as comprehensive volumes, as works that provide direction to readers, and as sources of scholarly expertise. It is said that other articles in the issue criticize the proliferation of academic handbooks.

A correction to the article "Class II major histocompatibility complex tetramer straining: progress, problems, and prospects," by Sabrina S. Vollers and Lawrence J. Stern that was published in the 2008 issue is presented.

Introduces several products of interest to researchers, compiled as of June 1993. Masterflex reference book; GENESCAN software from Applied Biosystems Inc.; Brochure for Isco's UA-6 detector.

Features the book "ATCC Recombinant DNA Materials Listing" from the American Type Culture Collection. Availability; Information provided by the book; Contact information.

Aims: The aims of the present study were to examine the Physicians' Desk Reference (PDR) for changes in the listing of medicines licensed for children in the USA over a 10-year period (1998-2007)., Methods: The USA PDR was used to identify products listed in 1998, 2002 and 2007. Information about generic name (active agent), salt, strength, brand name, suitability of formulation, paediatric licensing information and the lowest age of licensing was extracted. Prescription products were collapsed down to chemical entities/fixed-dose combinations., Results: Of the prescription entities listed in the PDR, 538 (55.9%), 488 (54.3%) and 394 (51.3%) were licensed for children in 1998, 2002 and 2007, respectively. There was a 39% decrease in the number of entities licensed for the newborn and a 34% decrease for children aged 2-6 years between 1998 and 2007. Formulations suitable for children were listed for 611 (63.4%), 550 (61.2%) and 430 (60.6%), respectively. Prescription entities with both a suitable oral formulation and licensing for children numbered 161 (16.7%), 148 (16.5%) and 100 (14.1%) in 1998, 2002 and 2007, respectively., Conclusions: The listings in the PDR suggest that overall access to prescribing information about drugs in the paediatric population has not shown an increase over the decade. This particularly affected the neonatal age group.