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International audience; We study tangible touch tablets combined with Augmented Reality Head-Mounted Displays (AR-HMDs) to perform spatial 3D selections. We are primarily interested in the exploration of 3D unstructured datasets such as cloud points or volumetric datasets. AR-HMDs immerse users by showing datasets stereoscopically, and tablets provide a set of 2D exploration tools. Because AR-HMDs merge the visualization, interaction, and the users’ physical spaces, users can also use the tablets as tangible objects in their 3D space. Nonetheless, the tablets’ touch displays provide their own visualization and interaction spaces, separated from those of the AR-HMD. This raises several research questions compared to traditional setups. In this paper, we theorize, discuss, and study different available mappings for manual spatial selections using a tangible tablet within an AR-HMD space. We then study the use of this tablet within a 3D AR environment, compared to its use with a 2D external screen.

It is essential to provide tools to wildlife professionals and researchers in order to facilitate data collection on wildlife density estimation following standardized protocols in the field. This is relevant for efficient harmonized data management systems, from the field to final reporting. Our main objective was to facilitate the collection of information in the field using established density estimation protocols. The specific objectives were (i) to evaluate and use already existing data registration IT tools for collecting and storing the data in the field; (ii) to make these data available in real time (cloud-based solution), and (iii) being flexible enough to incorporate new protocols and species, as methods (such as camera trap-based) and needs continuously evolves. We improved an already existing tool, Spatial Monitoring and Reporting Tool (SMART; https://smartconservationtools.org/). It is an open source software, which allows easily collect, visualize, store, analyze, report and act on a wide range of field data relevant for wildlife monitoring. The integration of SMART tools on EOW was successfully done for (i) distance sampling, (ii) hunting data and (iii) camera trap protocols. ENETWILD, therefore, made now available new IT functionalities to wildlife professionals and researchers to facilitate and harmonize wildlife data collection systems., EFSA-Q-2022-00044

The new-born European Observatory of Wildlife (EOW)2 is a part of the EFSA-funded ENETWILD project, and has the aim of improving the European capacities for monitoring wildlife populations, implementing international standards for data collection, providing guidance on wildlife density estimation, and finally, to promote collaborative, open data networks to develop wildlife monitoring. As a next step, the EOW has engaged and enhanced the existing network of collaborators, and a number of participants are currently preparing field operations to estimate wild mammal density (focused on wild ungulates and other medium to big sized mammals) in certain areas from their respective countries. A field camera trap (CT) based protocol provided by the EOW is going to be applied. An online training course held in May 2022 provided specific training on camera trapping methods and protocols, specifically the random encounter method (REM) and other methods which do not require individual recognition. Here we also present the new field protocol, which is compatible with the subsequent application of artificial intelligence to process and analyze photo trappings using the online app AGOUTI. This strategy aims at promoting a network of professionals/researchers capable of designing, developing field work and analysing data, contributing also to disseminate the experience and train other colleagues in their respective countries. By now, the overall number of countries participating in the EOW is 25. Some participants from 12 countries could already estimate mammal densities during the previous seasons 2019/2020/2021, which will also apply the same methodology in different populations during 2022 in their respective countries. The number of density values finally obtained through this experience by the end of 2022 will exceed 40 different locations in a total of at least 30 countries, since some countries are on the process to confirm their participation. The EOW website is presented. This coordinated field trial activity over a range of European countries, involving different experts and professionals, follows the original plan., EFSA-Q-2022-00057

Aims: The decision to consider adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) for non‐small cell lung cancer is currently governed by clinical stage. This study aims to assess other routinely collected pathological variables related to metastasis and survival for their ability to predict the efficacy of AC in lung adenocarcinoma. Methods and results: A retrospective single‐centre series of 620 resected lung non‐mucinous adenocarcinoma cases from 2005 to 2015 was used. Digital images of all slides were subjected to central review, and data on tumour histopathology, AC treatment and patient survival were compiled. A statistical case matching approach was used to counter selection bias. Several high‐risk pathological criteria predict both pathological nodal involvement and early death: positive vascular invasion status (VI+) (HR = 2.10, P < 0.001), positive visceral pleural invasion status (VPI+) (HR = 2.16, P < 0.001), and solid/micropapillary‐predominant WHO tumour type (SPA/MPPA) (HR = 3.29, P < 0.001). Crucially, these criteria also identify patient groups benefiting from AC (VI + HR = 0.69, P = 0.167, VPI + HR = 0.44, P = 0.004, SPA/MPPA HR = 0.36, P = 0.006). Cases showing VI+/VPI+/SPA/MPPA histology in the absence of AC stage criteria were common (170 of 620 total), and 8 had actually received AC. This group showed much better outcomes than equivalent untreated cases in matched analysis (3‐year OS 100.0% versus 31.3%). Inclusion of patients with VI+/VPI+/SPA/MPPA histology would increase AC‐eligible patients from 51.0% to 84.0% of non‐mucinous tumours in our cohort. Conclusions: Our data provide preliminary evidence that the consideration of AC in patients with additional high‐risk pathological indicators may significantly improve outcomes in operable lung adenocarcinoma, and that AC may be currently underused.

Previous studies about the modulation of the vasculature by CO were performed exclusively in male or sexually immature animals. Understanding the sex differences regarding systemic drug processing and pharmacodynamics is an important feature for safety assessment of drug dosing and efficacy. In this work, we used CORM-A1 as source of CO to examine the effects of this gasotransmitter on brain perfusion and the sex-dependent differences. Dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging (DCE)-based analysis was used to characterize the properties of CO in the modulation of cerebral vasculature in vivo, in adult C57BL/6 healthy mice. Perfusion of the temporal muscle, maxillary vein and in hippocampus, cortex and striatum was analysed for 108 min following CORM-A1 administration of 3 or 5 mg/kg. Under control conditions, brain perfusion was lower in females when compared with males. Under CO treatment, females showed a surprisingly overall reduced perfusion compared with controls (F = 3.452, p = .0004), while no major alterations (or even the expected increase) were observed in males. Cortical structures were only modulated in females. A striking female-dominated vasoconstriction effect was observed in the hippocampus and striatum following administration of CO, in this mixed-sex cohort. As these two regions are implicated in episodic and procedural memory formation, CO may have a relevant impact in learning and memory.

Breast cancer brain metastases (BCBMs) have been underinvestigated despite their high incidence and poor outcome. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), and particularly circulating miRNAs, regulate multiple cellular functions, and their deregulation has been reported in different types of cancer and metastasis. However, their signature in plasma along brain metastasis development and their relevant targets remain undetermined. Here, we used a mouse model of BCBM and next‐generation sequencing (NGS) to establish the alterations in circulating miRNAs during brain metastasis formation and development. We further performed bioinformatics analysis to identify their targets with relevance in the metastatic process. We additionally analyzed human resected brain metastasis samples of breast cancer patients for target expression validation. Breast cancer cells were injected in the carotid artery of mice to preferentially induce metastasis in the brain, and samples were collected at different timepoints (5 h, 3, 7, and 10 days) to follow metastasis development in the brain and in peripheral organs. Metastases were detected from 7 days onwards, mainly in the brain. NGS revealed a deregulation of circulating miRNA profile during BCBM progression, rising from 18% at 3 days to 30% at 10 days following malignant cells’ injection. Work was focused on those altered prior to metastasis detection, among which were miR‐802‐5p and miR‐194‐5p, whose downregulation was validated by qPCR. Using targetscan and diana tools, the transcription factor myocyte enhancer factor 2C (MEF2C) was identified as a target for both miRNAs, and its expression was increasingly observed in malignant cells along brain metastasis development. Its upregulation was also observed in peritumoral astrocytes pointing to a role of MEF2C in the crosstalk between tumor cells and astrocytes. MEF2C expression was also observed in human BCBM, validating the observation in mouse. Collectively, downregulation of circulating miR‐802‐5p and miR‐194‐5p appears as a precocious event in BCBM and MEF2C emerges as a new player in brain metastasis development., The search for aberrantly expressed miRNAs in plasma along breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) development revealed miR‐802‐5p and miR‐194‐5p downregulation as an early event. MEF2C emerged as their relevant target, with an increasing expression along BCBM expansion and in resected brain metastasis from breast cancer patients. Such miRNAs and MEF2C appear as early events and new players in BCBM development.

This report presents the results of field activities in relation to the generation of reliable wild boar density values by camera trapping (CT) in 19 areas in Europe, mainly in East Europe. Random Encounter Model (REM) densities ranged from 0.35±0.24 to 15.25±2.41 (SE) individuals/km2. No statistical differences in density among bioregions were found. The number of contacts was the component of the trapping rate that determined the coefficient of variation (CV) the most. The daily range (DR) significantly varied as a function of management; the higher values were detected in hunting grounds compared to protected areas, indicating that movement parameters are population specific, and confirming the potential role of hunting activities in increasing wild boar movement and contact rates among individual or groups. The results presented in this report illustrate that a harmonized approach to actual wildlife density estimation (namely for terrestrial mammals) is possible at a European scale, sharing the same protocols, collaboratively designing the study, processing, and analysing the data. This report adds reliable wild boar density values that have the potential to be used for wild boar abundance spatial modelling, both directly or to calibrate outputs of model based on abundance (such as hunting bags) or occurrence data. Future REM developments should focus on improving the precision of estimates (probably through increased survey effort). Next steps require an exhaustive and representative design of a monitoring network to estimate reliable trends of wild boar populations as a function of different factors in Europe. In this regard, the newly created European Observatory of Wildlife will be a network of observation points provided by collaborators from all European countries capable to monitor wildlife population at European level., EFSA-Q-2020-00677

During evolution, sponges (Porifera) have honed the genetic toolbox and biosynthetic mechanisms for the fabrication of siliceous skeletal components (spicules). Spicules carry a protein scaffold embedded within biogenic silica (biosilica) and feature an amazing range of optical, structural, and mechanical properties. Thus, it is tempting to explore the low-energy synthetic pathways of spiculogenesis for the fabrication of innovative hybrid materials. In this synthetic biology approach, the uptake of multifunctional nonbiogenic nanoparticles (fluorescent, superparamagnetic) by spicule-forming cells of bioreactor-cultivated sponge primmorphs provides access to spiculogenesis. The ingested nanoparticles were detected within intracellular vesicles resembling silicasomes (silica-rich cellular compartments) and as cytosolic clusters where they lent primmorphs fluorescent/magnetic properties. During spiculogenesis, the nanoparticles initially formed an incomplete layer around juvenile, intracellular spicules. In the mature, extracellular spicules the nanoparticles were densely arranged as a surface layer that rendered the resulting composite fluorescent and magnetic. By branching off the conventional route of solid-state materials synthesis under harsh conditions, a new pathway has been opened to a versatile platform that allows adding functionalities to growing spicules as templates in living cells, using nonbiogenic nanoscale building blocks with multiple functionalities. The magnet-assisted alignment renders this composite with its fluorescent/magnetic properties potentially suitable for application in biooptoelectronics and microelectronics (e.g., microscale on-chip waveguides for applications of optical detection and sensing).

International audience; Adaptation to changing environmental conditions represents a challenge to parthenogenetic organisms, and until now, how phenotypic variants are generated in clones in response to the selection pressure of their environment remains poorly known. The obligatory parthenogenetic root-knot nematode species Meloidogyne incognita has a worldwide distribution and is the most devastating plant-parasitic nematode. Despite its asexual reproduction, this species exhibits an unexpected capacity of adaptation to environmental constraints, for example, resistant hosts. Here, we used a genomewide comparative hybridization strategy to evaluate variations in gene copy numbers between genotypes of M. incognita resulting from two parallel experimental evolution assays on a susceptible vs. resistant host plant. We detected gene copy number variations (CNVs) associated with the ability of the nematodes to overcome resistance of the host plant, and this genetic variation may reflect an adaptive response to host resistance in this parthenogenetic species. The CNV distribution throughout the nematode genome is not random and suggests the occurrence of genomic regions more prone to undergo duplications and losses in response to the selection pressure of the host resistance. Furthermore, our analysis revealed an outstanding level of gene loss events in nematode genotypes that have overcome the resistance. Overall, our results support the view that gene loss could be a common class of adaptive genetic mechanism in response to a challenging new biotic environment in clonal animals.

Background More research is needed on the study of new materials for fixed prosthetic implant-supported rehabilitations. Purpose The purpose of this study was to report the short-term outcome of full-arch implant-supported fixed hybrid polyetheretherketone (PEEK)-acrylic resin prostheses and the all-on-four concept. Materials and methods This prospective cohort clinical study included 37 patients (29 women, eight men) with an average age of 60 years (range: 38-78 years) with 49 full-arch hybrid PEEK-acrylic resin prosthesis supported by implants through the all-on-four concept. Primary outcome measures were prosthetic survival. Results Two patients with two maxillary prostheses were lost to follow-up. One patient with a double full-arch rehabilitation fractured the mandibular PEEK framework, rendering a 98% prosthetic survival rate. No implants were lost. The average (SD) marginal bone remodeling after 1 year of follow-up was 0.37 mm (0.58 mm). Technical complications concerning the veneer adhesion occurred in six patients and were resolved in all patients (with exception of the patient with prosthetic failure) through the creation of mechanical retentions and changing the bonding primer. Mechanical complications occurred in three patients and five prostheses consisting in prosthetic screw loosening (n = 2 patients) and fracture of the acrylic resin teeth (the patient with a prosthetic failure). Conclusions Within the limitations of this study, the results suggest that hybrid polymer (PEEK)-acrylic resin prostheses supported by implants for full-arch rehabilitation may represent a valid treatment option, still requiring longer-term validation.

BACKGROUND Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder with a broad range of complications in the brain that depend on the conditions that precede its onset, such as obesity and metabolic syndromes. It has been suggested that neurotransmitter and metabolic perturbations may emerge even before the early stages of T2DM and that high-caloric intake could adversely influence the brain in such states. Notwithstanding, evidence for neurochemical and structural alterations in these conditions are still sparse and controversial. PURPOSE To evaluate the influence of high-fat diet in the neurochemical profile and structural integrity of the rodent brain. STUDY TYPE Prospective. SUBJECTS Wistar rats (n = 12/group). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE A PRESS, ISIS, RARE, and EPI sequences were performed at 9.4T. ASSESSMENT Neurochemical and structural parameters were assessed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy, voxel-based morphometry, volumetry, and diffusion tensor imaging. STATISTICAL TESTS Measurements were compared through Student and Mann-Whitney tests. Pearson correlation was used to assess relationships between parameters. RESULTS Animals submitted to high-caloric intake gained weight (P = 0.003) and developed glucose intolerance (P

The XXL survey currently covers two 25 sq. deg. patches with XMM observations of ~10ks. We summarise the scientific results associated with the first release of the XXL data set, that occurred mid 2016. We review several arguments for increasing the survey depth to 40 ks during the next decade of XMM operations. X-ray (z 1 cluster density. It will eventually constitute a reference study and an ideal calibration field for the upcoming eROSITA and Euclid missions.