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Litigation avoidance, union avoidance, and human resource strategies have been identified for a long time as drivers for the adoption of specific conflict management strategies and Alternative Disp...

Health social movements are collective campaigns to bring about change in medical and public health policy, beliefs, research, and practice. In American society, social movements attempt to influence healthcare at many levels. At the macro level, movements historically have mobilized a range of interest groups and moral and political values both to advocate and forestall national health insurance and to modify existing programs, such as Medicare, Medicaid, and Veteran's healthcare benefits. Social movements also develop around alternative specializations and different systems of diagnosis and treatment, seeking to reshape professions, organizations, and modes of service delivery. Health-related collective action that addresses the way we think about, understand, and experience disease is also pervasive in American society; movements use and create emotions, identities, and ways of framing health issues to politicize the illness experience. Finally, larger social movements in the United States concerned with inequalities of race, gender, ethnicity, class, and sexuality target medical power and authority, campaigning for equal access and health equity. Keywords: gay and lesbian studies; sociology of the body; gender; identity politics; social issues; Northern America

Social movements organize people, resources, and ideas for social change. Many do this through formal organizations—often called social movement organizations (SMOs). The concept of a social movement organization is trickier than it may initially seem, since it depends on defining a “social movement” and specifying its relevant set of organizations. Though scholars have defined social movements in a variety of ways, we draw on Snow (2004) to provisionally define social movements as collectivities seeking social change at least partly outside of institutionalized politics. Similarly, though various definitions of organizations have been offered, we view organizations as goal-directed, boundary-maintaining groups, typically with some degree of formal structure. Keywords: bureaucracy; institutionalization; resource mobilization

Although public opinion would seem to be a crucial factor for achieving a large-scale mobilization and impacting politics and public policy, it has not yet received much attention in the social movement literature. There are probably a number of reasons for this lack of attention: (1) data on public opinion suitable for social movement scholars are not usually covered in publicly available opinion surveys and to gather them is costly; (2) requirements for data gathering would be even more demanding than for standard surveys because more developed research designs going beyond one survey at one time, such as public opinion across geographical units or longitudinal data, are needed; (3) public opinion is frequently studied by political science, while social movements are a primary focus of sociology. The following will first define what public opinion is, and how social movements can influence it, and then present two ways in which public opinion can play a significant role for social movement activism. Keywords: political science; public opinion; quantitative methods

Recent work on consultants and academics in public policy has highlighted their transformational role. The paper traces how, in the absence of an explicit government strategy, external advisors establish different organizational arrangements to build Behavioral Insights in public agencies as a new form of administrative expertise. This variation shows the importance of the politico‐administrative context within which external advisors exert influence. The focus on professional expertise adds to existing understandings of ideational compatibility in contemporary policy advisory systems. Inspired by the sociology of professions, expertise is conceptualized as professionally constructed sets of diagnosis, inference, and treatment. The paper compares four Danish governmental agencies since 2010, revealing the central roles external advisors play in facilitating new policy ideas and diffusing new forms of expertise. This has implications for how we think of administrative expertise in contemporary bureaucracies, and the role of external advisors in fostering new forms of expertise.

Contentious politics, in Tilly's sense, involves multiple relays of interaction (Tilly & Tarrow 2008). Activists interact amongst themselves, both within and between “social movement organizations” (SMOs); they interact with opponents and elites; with police and other security forces; and often also with journalists and even academics. The outcome of contentious politics is generated by these interactions and the concept of “fields of contention,” as coined by Crossley (2003, 2006), is intended to capture the network which they form. Keywords: culture; conflict; quantitative methods

Public order management systems (POMS) are “the more or less elaborated, more or less permanent organizational forms, their guiding policies and programs, technologies, and standard policing practices that are designed by authorities for supervising protesters' access to public space and managing them in that space” (McCarthy & McPhail 1998: 91). Variations in the features and styles of policing protest have received extensive analyses in recent years, but comparatively little systematic attention has been paid to the organizational structures that institutionalized police practices are embedded within. Three major components of POMS are apparent in contemporary Western democracies: (1) spatial and temporal restrictions on protest, grounded in a widespread adoption of advanced permitting systems; (2) training regimens and technologies designed to help the police more effectively contain and control demonstrations; (3) an emphasis, at least rhetorically, on the police negotiating with key participants and organizing groups before and during events. Keywords: crowds; movements; police; protests; social control

When looking at journalism from a social movement perspective, there are two possible viewpoints. On the one side, the journalistic field, its rules and values, routines and practices, is external to the social movement milieu. On the other side, the very notion of journalism has always intertwined with grassroots communities of activists that rethink and reshape journalistic practices from a bottom-up perspective. In the first case, scholars investigate the interactions between social movements and journalism at large, where journalism denotes mainstream journalistic practices. In the second case, conversely, scholars research the development of so-called alternative and grassroots journalistic practices within activist communities and networks. Keywords: culture; internet and new media; political media content

Traditional approaches to understanding the emergence and mobilization of social movements focused primarily upon fluctuations in the hearts and minds of aggrieved individuals. Analysts of social movements inspired by the accelerated founding rates of more or less bureaucratically organized groups of citizens in the 1960s—joining early risers in the organizational field some of which, such as the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), had emerged in the nineteenth century—began to focus more directly upon the central mediating role that social movement organizations (SMOs) play in mobilizing social movement activity. Zald and Ash (1966) first systematically deployed the concept in their classic paper that effectively challenged the universality of Roberto Michels' (1949) “iron law of oligarchy.” Denotatively bounding the SMO, their analyses referenced civil rights movement organizations of the 1960s, including the Congress on Racial Equality (CORE) and the NAACP, as well as the American Communist Party and the Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU). The concept was later more clearly specified by McCarthy and Zald (1973: 1218): “A social movement organization (SMO) is a complex, or formal organization which identifies its preferences with a social movement or a counter-movement and attempts to implement those goals.” In subsequent years, the term and its acronym, SMO, have come into widespread use as scholars have sought to understand patterns of SMO emergence, variations in SMO structure, and functioning. Keywords: bureaucracy; movements; protests; public participation; resource mobilization

Many social movements at varying stages of mobilization may exist in a nation's society at any time, or there may be very few struggling to exist. Understanding that variation in social movement mobilization across national societies remains a relatively unexplored arena of social science research. Social movements in most nations are importantly defined by the social movement organizations (SMOs) that identify with their goals, even though much collective action by social movement actors is not directly associated with SMOs. Nations differ dramatically in the extent to which they encourage and facilitate or discourage and repress SMOs. All the SMOs in a nation with roughly comparable goals, issue orientations, or ideological congruity constitute its social movement industry (SMI). All the SMIs in a nation constitute its social movement sector (SMS). The size and orientation of a nation's SMS is a function of the amount of resources devoted to social change (whatever its substantive focus across the ideological spectrum), the associational supports provided by the larger society, the democratic or authoritarian orientation of the its state, and the relationship of the movement sector to the political party space. The size and shape, or configuration, of the SMS varies between nation-states and over time within them (see McCarthy & Zald 1977, 2002). Keywords: political sociology; movements; repression; resource mobilization

There is growing expectation that local volunteers will play a more integrated role in disaster response, yet emergent volunteer groups are often 'outsiders' to crisis management. Questions have been raised, therefore, about how emergent groups can forge relationships with established response agencies. This paper analyses how the Student Volunteer Army, as an emergent group, gained 'authority to operate' after the earthquakes in Canterbury, New Zealand, in 2010-11. It traces how the volunteers accrued authority through multiple sources of permission and credibility and demonstrates the possibility for established response agencies and emergent groups to generate impactful and mutually supportive relationships. However, the analysis also points to two interrelated tensions that can arise, regarding the terms by which emergent groups are recognised, and the 'distance' considered necessary between the two parties. The discussion considers the implications for inclusiveness, risk, and responsibility of further integrations of emergent volunteers in disaster response.هناك توقعمتزايد بأنيلعب المتطوعونالمحليوندورًا أكثرتكاملاً في الاستجابةللكوارث، ومعذلك غالبًا ماتكون المجموعاتالناشئة"خارجة" عنإدارة الأزمات،مما يبعث علىالتساؤل حولالظروفوالعملياتالتي يمكنلهذهالمجموعات منخلالها إقامةعلاقات معوكالاتالاستجابةالقائمة، والتوتراتالتي يمكن أنتنشأ تلكالتفاعلات. يحلل هذه المقالكيف اكتسبالطلابالمتطوعون،كمجموعة ناشئة،"سلطة العمل"في أعقابزلازل 2010-2011 فيكانتربري،نيوزيلندا. توضح دراستناكيف يمكن لوكالاتالاستجابةالراسخةوالمجموعاتالناشئةتشكيل علاقاتذات تأثيركبير وداعمة لبعضهاالبعض. ومعذلك، يشيرتحليلناأيضًا إلىنوعين منالتوتراتالمترابطةالتي يمكن أنتنشأ، فيمايتعلقبالشروط التييتم من خلالهاالتعرف علىالمجموعاتالناشئة، و"المسافة"التي تعتبرضرورية بينالمجموعاتالناشئةووكالاتالاستجابةالقائمة. يبحثنقاشنا في آثارالشموليةوالمخاطروالمسؤوليةإذا أريد دمجالمتطوعينالناشئينأكثر فيالاستجابةللكوارث. الكلماتالمفتاحية : متطوعونناشئون؛السلطة؛إدارةالكوارث؛ زلازلكانتربري.人们越来越期待当地志愿者在灾难应对中发挥更综合的作用，然而，新兴群体往往是危机管理的“局外人”，这促使人们质疑这些群体与既定应对机构建立关系的条件和过程，以及这些互动可能产生的紧张关系。本文分析了在2010-2011年新西兰坎特伯雷地震发生后，学生主导的志愿者们作为一个新兴群体是如何获得“履行职责的权力”的。我们的研究阐述了已建立的反应机构和应急小组如何形成巨大影响和相互支持的关系。。不过，我们的分析也指出了两种可能出现的相互关联的紧张关系，即对新兴群体的认可条件，以及新兴群体与既有响应机构之间被认为必要的 “距离”。论述中考虑了如果要将新兴志愿者进一步融入到救灾工作中，在包容性、风险和责任方面的影响。 关键词：新兴志愿者；权力；灾害管理；坎特伯雷地震.

This paper puts forward the framework of the 'marketplace of post-conflict assistance' as a conceptual, analytical, and heuristic tool to comprehend better holistic dynamics in humanitarian and post-conflict contexts, where a variety of different actors offer various services and forms of assistance. It seeks to emphasise relations and interactions between service providers and intended beneficiaries in settings where there are often numerous different ways to conceptualise and manage problems stemming from armed conflict. This is demonstrated using one in-depth case study of a family in northern Uganda that has struggled for years with mental illness/spiritual problems. By framing the post-conflict space using the marketplace metaphor, it is possible to deepen understanding of how people try out different options to manage issues related to warfare and seek healing. Importantly, this framework also recognises the agency that people exercise in doing so, and how communities and service providers relate to each other.نطرح في هذه المقال إطار عمل "سوق المساعدة في مرحلة ما بعد الصراع" كأداة مفاهيمية وتحليلية وإرشادية لفهم الديناميكيات الشاملة التي تحدث في السياقات الإنسانية وسياقات ما بعد الصراع بشكل أفضل، حيث توجد مجموعة متنوعة من الجهات الفاعلة المختلفة التي تقدم أشكال مختلفة من الخدمات والمساعدة. من خلال هذا الإطار المفاهيمي، نسعى إلى التأكيد على الديناميكيات العلائقية والتفاعلية بين مقدمي الخدمات والمستفيدين المقصودين في سياقات حيث توجد غالبًا مجموعة متنوعة من الطرق المختلفة لتصور وإدارة المشكلات الناشئة عن سنوات من النزاع المسلح. نوضح ذلك من خلال دراسة حالة واحدة متعمقة لعائلة كافحت لسنوات مع مرض عقلي / مشاكل روحية في السنوات أثناء وبعد النزاع المسلح في شمال أوغندا. من خلال تأطير مساحة ما بعد الصراع من خلال استعارة السوق، يصبح من الممكن اكتساب فهم أكثر شمولية وديناميكية للطرق التي يجرب بها الناس خيارات مختلفة لإدارة القضايا المتعلقة بسنوات من النزاع المسلح والسعي للشفاء. والأهم من ذلك، فإن هذا الإطار يتعرف أيضًا بالوكالة التي يستعملها الناس في القيام بذلك، وكيف ترتبط المجتمعات ومقدمي الخدمات في السياقات الإنسانية والتنموية وسياقات ما بعد الصراع ببعضهم البعض. كلمات مفتاحية : وكالة، الأنثروبولوجيا، التنمية، التعددية العلاجية، الإنسانية، ما بعد الصراع، أوغندا.在本文中，我们提出了“冲突后援助市场”的框架，作为一种概念性、分析性和启发式工具，以更好地理解人道主义和冲突后环境中发生的整体动态，其中有各种不同的行为者提供各种形式的服务和援助。通过这个概念性框架，我们试图强调服务提供者和预期受益者之间的关系和互动动态，在这种情况下，通常有多种不同的方式来概念化和管理多年武装冲突引起的问题。我们通过对一个在乌干达北部武装冲突期间和之后多年来一直与精神疾病/精神问题作斗争的家庭进行的深入案例研究来说明这一点。通过市场隐喻来构建冲突后空间，就有可能对人们尝试不同选择来管理与多年武装冲突相关的问题并寻求治愈的方式进行更全面和动态的理解。重要的是，这个框架还承认人们在这样做的时候所行使的权力，以及在人道主义、发展和冲突后背景下的社区和服务提供者之间的关系。 关键词：权力, 人类学, 发展, 治愈多元主义, 人道主义, 冲突后, 乌干达.

Objectives: The Pasifika Prediabetes Youth Empowerment Programme (PPYEP) was a community‐based research project that aimed to investigate empowerment and co‐design modules to build the capacity of Pasifika youth to develop community interventions for preventing prediabetes. Methods: This paper reports findings from a formative evaluation process of the programme using thematic analysis. It emphasises the adoption, perceptions and application of empowerment and co‐design based on the youth and community providers’ experiences. Results: We found that the programme fostered a safe space, increased youth's knowledge about health and healthy lifestyles, developed their leadership and social change capacities, and provided a tool to develop and refine culturally centred prediabetes‐prevention programmes. These themes emerged non‐linearly and synergistically throughout the programme. Conclusions: Our research emphasises that empowerment and co‐design are complementary in building youth capacity in community‐based partnerships in health promotion. Implications for public health: Empowerment and co‐design are effective tools to develop and implement culturally tailored health promotion programmes for Pasifika peoples. Future research is needed to explore the programme within different Pasifika contexts, health issues and Indigenous groups.

Whether new technologies will have a positive impact on how societies experience nature depends on how particular devices and populations come to interact. This paper reviews two bodies of work that have sought to understand and influence these interactions with reference to the smartphone. The first is associated with a group of researchers interested in how smartphone apps might help people to engage with their surroundings in beneficial ways. The second comes from a set of scholars hoping to learn from the analysis of the social media datasets associated with smartphone interactions outdoors. After comparing these how these two bodies commonly see the social world, the paper considers how other approaches might augment these endeavours. We argue for more studies that explore what different social groups have to say about life with the smartphone and how norms of technology use emerge. We also suggest that this area of research might engage more fully with wider academic work on how smartphones are reshaping our societies. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.

Government organizations increasingly use crowdsourcing platforms to interact with citizens and integrate their requests in designing and delivering public services. Drawing on attribution theory, this study asks how the causal attributions of the government response to a citizen request affect continued participation in crowdsourcing platforms. To test our hypothe-ses, we use a 7-year dataset of both online requests from citizens to government and govern-ment responses to citizen requests. We focus on citizen requests that are denied by govern-ment, and find that the reasoning for denying a request is related with continued participation behavior. Citizens are less willing to collaborate further with government via the platform, when their requests are denied although the locus of causality is with the government. This study contributes to research on the role of responsiveness in digital interaction between citi-zens and government and highlights the importance of rationale transparency to sustain citizen participation.

Concerns over online hatespeech have prompted governments to strengthen social media governance. However, claims by policy-makers and political activists regarding the effectiveness and likely consequences of legal regulations remain largely untested. We rely on qualitative interviews and two expert surveys to examine the behavior of public relations professionals in response to online hatespeech when having the option of using the new user-complaint mechanism under the German Network Enforcement Act (NetzDG). Our findings reveal that strategies depend on whether professionals work at public sector institutions, business, or civil society organizations and political parties. Public sector institutions are likely to report to the platform, but not under NetzDG. Civil society organizations are likely to choose content moderation, counterspeech, and other forms of intervention. Businesses deploy a wide range of strategies. In practice, Germany's procedural approach relying on user-complaint mechanisms to deal with online hatespeech is not used by experts as a means to combat online harassment., Policy & Internet, ISSN:1944-2866

Climate change continues to pose a dangerous threat to human health. However, not only is health impacted by this crisis, healthcare itself adds to the problem, through significant contributions to greenhouse gas emissions. In the UK, the National Health Service (NHS) is responsible for an estimated 4% of the overall national carbon footprint. Medicines account for a quarter of this and whilst they are vital for health now, through sustainable use they can also positively influence the environmental health of the future. In this review, we explore how clinical pharmacologists and other health care professionals can practice sustainable medicines use or eco-pharmaco-stewardship. We will discuss current and near future environmental practices within the NHS, which we suspect will resonate with other health systems. We will suggest approaches for championing eco-pharmaco-stewardship in drug manufacturing, clinical practices and patient use, to achieve a more a sustainable healthcare system.

WHAT IS KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT?: Traditional mental health services are not meeting the needs of service users. Peer support is an alternative approach of providing support founded on relationship where there is respect and shared responsibility. Peer support relationships are mutual and reciprocal. WHAT THE PAPER ADDS TO EXISTING KNOWLEDGE?: The experience of peer-led care can be transformative. A key aspect is the validation and valuing of lived experience and being seen as a person not as an illness. The nature and quality of relationships is paramount and needs to be based on equity. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS FOR MENTAL HEALTH NURSING?: Nurses have a key role to advocate and promote peer support services. Relationships need to be based on respect and "being alongside" service users in their recovery journey rather than trying to "fix the problem." ABSTRACT: Introduction Peer-led services provide an approach to support based on mutuality, respect and shared experience. Aim To provide an understanding of my experiences of receiving help from a peer-led service. Method Journaling experiences captured in detail the reality of my experiences at the time and were used to inform this paper. Results The Narrative describes entering a Peer-Led Acute Alternative Service when I was amid a mental health crisis and feeling broken. Here, relationships were based on connecting with others who have experienced similar struggles, being seen as an individual rather than a patient, treated with dignity and respect, being heard, having my feelings acknowledged rather than medicated and feeling understood. This created a shift in me to a place of healing and finding meaning in my experiences of mental distress which led to me training in peer support. Discussion Peer-led services can be a transformative experience which redefines the relationship and shifts the person from being a passive recipient of help to an active participant in their recovery. Choice and increased options for peer services as an integral aspect of services available for individuals on their mental health journey is critical.

The COVID-19 crisis brought numerous challenges to work life. One of the most notable may be the acceleration of digital transformation, accompanied by an intensification of e-mail usage and related demands such as high e-mail workload. While research quickly started to examine the implications of these changes for employees, another important group of stakeholders has been overlooked: leaders. We focus on leaders during the COVID-19 crisis and examine how COVID-19 related work intensification links to leaders? e-mail overload appraisal and finally exhaustion and transformational leadership, a leader behavior especially needed in times of crisis. In a five-day diary study in September 2020, 84 leaders responded to daily surveys on 343 days. Results of multilevel analysis showed that perceived COVID-19 related work intensification was positively linked to worktime spent dealing with e-mail and appraised e-mail overload. E-mail overload appraisal was positively related to leaders? exhaustion, but unrelated to their transformational behavior. Day-specific time spent dealing with e-mail, however, was negatively related to transformational leadership. E-mail overload appraisal mediated the relationship between COVID-19 related work intensification and exhaustion. Turning the focus on leaders during the COVID-19 crisis, our study has important implications for the design of work of leaders in times of crisis and beyond.

This article advances a public health model of ethics and compliance. It argues that corporate leaders should draw from the successful lessons of public health to promote ethical behavior more effectively in their companies. With its attention to data-driven risk mitigation and behaviorally cognizant processes, a public health model can move compliance from the faulty assumption on which it is based, i.e., that organizational wrongdoing can be deterred solely through appeals to the rational decision-making processes of employees, to a more accurate understanding of the situational and social influences that foster noncompliance. The article supports its thesis in three parts. It begins by explaining the evolution of compliance and its transition from overly legalistic to behaviorally aware. Next it draws on behavioral ethics and network research to make the connection between public health and compliance. Third, it explores how corporate leaders can meld the insights from these two disciplines, offering a new way of approaching ethics and compliance that is focused on behavioral ethics conduct risk and the practical application of behavioral science within the firm—the best way to improve the legal, ethical, and financial health of companies.

ContextIt remains unclear whether there would be societal support for a lifestyle criterion for the healthcare priority setting. This study examines the viewpoints of experts in healthcare and the public regarding support for a lifestyle-related decision criterion, relative to support for the currently applied criteria, in the healthcare priority setting in the Netherlands.MethodsWe conducted a Q methodology study in samples of experts in healthcare (n = 37) and the public (n = 44). Participants (total sample N = 81) ranked 34 statements that reflected currently applied decision criteria as well as a lifestyle criterion for setting priorities in healthcare. The ranking data were subjected to principal component analysis, followed by oblimin rotation, to identify clusters of participants with similar viewpoints.FindingsWe identified four viewpoints. Participants with Viewpoint 1 believe that treatments that have been proven to be effective should be reimbursed. Those with Viewpoint 2 believe that life is precious and every effort should be made to save a life, even when treatment still results in a very poor state of health. Those with Viewpoint 3 accept government intervention in unhealthy lifestyles and believe that individual responsibility should be taken into account in reimbursement decisions. Participants with Viewpoint 4 attribute importance to the cost-effectiveness of treatments; however, when priorities have to be set, treatment effects are considered most important. All viewpoints were supported by a mix of public and experts, but Viewpoint 1 was mostly supported by experts and the other viewpoints were mostly supported by members of the public.ConclusionsThis study identified four distinct viewpoints on the healthcare priority setting in the Netherlands, each supported by a mix of experts and members of the public. There seems to be some, but limited, support for a lifestyle criterion—in particular, among members of the public. Experts seem to favour the decision criteria that are currently applied. The diversity in views deserves attention when policymakers want to adhere to societal preferences and increase policy acceptance.

Shared communication and collaborative decision-making between consumers and health professionals is essential in optimizing the quality of consumer care. However, the consumers' ability to ask questions and seek answers, as well as health professionals' communication skills to engage with the consumer, are necessary considerations for the collaborative decision-making process. This quality improvement initiative sought to understand the context of collaborative decision making from the perspective of consumers and health professionals adapted from the international Choosing Wisely program. Findings indicated health professionals acknowledged a problem with unnecessary and overuse of tests, treatments, and procedures. Consumers suggested they were confident asking questions about their health and care. The findings of this study highlight collaborative decision-making as a worthwhile and beneficial undertaking.

International audience

The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development highlighted the growing attention to the adequacy of health planning models to sustainable development. A re-reading of the results of a round table debate on "sustainable planning", which took place at the 5th National Congress of Tropical Medicine (Portugal, 2019) under a participant observation strategy, framed by the findings of a “synthesis of better evidence” literature review and cross-referenced with the reflections of different authors and experts about the momentum created by the COVID-19 pandemic, underlined the challenges to sustainable health planning that have emerged and are projected beyond the current pandemic context. Variable perceptions of the term “sustainable health development”, leading to the potential loss of their relevance in guiding the elaboration of policies and strategic plans, and the potential higher effectiveness of the participatory approaches of health planning in achieving sustainable health were highlighted in the debate and literature, in general and in public health emergency contexts. Those results gained new relevance during the current COVID-19 pandemic, bringing back to the forefront a reflection of the inadequate planning framework that has usually been used to understand and respond to global health challenges, despite the already existing experience, evidence and support instruments. Highlights: - The path to sustainable development needs appropriate health planning models; - COVID-19 pandemic exposed the fragilities of the strategic planning frameworks; - Sustainable health planning approaches demand social and community mobilisation; - Equity in health must integrate the planning models for sustainable development. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The past decade saw a sharp increase in the use of smartphones and digital communication platforms. This manuscript reviews advancements in the study of digital communication and adolescent development over the last decade. We highlight theoretical models that seek to explain the power of digital media in adolescents' lives. We then examine research conducted over the last decade on five aspects of digital media: (1) potential to contribute to adolescent development, (2) associations with mental health, (3) differential impact of active versus passive social media use, (4) cyberbullying, and (5) sexting. We conclude with a discussion of potential opportunities and challenges for studying the role of digital communication in adolescents' development during the coming decade.

It is often thought that large‐scale shocks to society (e.g., war, epidemics, financial collapses etc) equalize societal inequalities, however, we have witnessed a one‐in‐century pandemic (and the economic downturn it has triggered), widen rather than narrow an enduring global injustice: gendered organizations. With women bearing the brunt of school closures, mass lay‐offs and increase in care duties due to lockdowns, racialized women at increased risk of COVID exposure due to essential worker status, and men reaping the benefits of rapid, technological transformations of the economy—largely amplified by pandemic disruptions—it appears that white, masculine bodies and abilities in the workforce are inoculated from the perils of disaster. Equality matters, especially in times of crisis. Following this idea, the author draws on Joan Acker's “ideal worker” concept to demonstrate how pandemic disparities in the workforce are challenging organizational practices, expectations, and experiences worldwide to evolve. This article concludes with a call for workplace policy reforms as a means to advance gender parity goals, as it is critical to achieving organizational inclusivity, and overall, a thriving society and economy post‐pandemic. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Gender, Work & Organization is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Medical disinformation has interfered with healthcare workers' ability to communicate with the general population in a wide variety of public health contexts globally. This has limited the effectiveness of evidence-based medicine and healthcare capacity. Disinformation campaigns often try to integrate or co-opt healthcare workers in their practices which hinders effective health communication. We describe a critical overview of issues health practitioners and communicators have experienced when dealing with medical disinformation online and offline as well as best practices to overcome these issues when disseminating health information. This article lists disinformation techniques that have yet to be used against the medical community but need to be considered in future communication planning as they may be highly effective. We also present broad policy recommendations and considerations designed to mitigate the effectiveness of medical disinformation campaigns.La desinformación médica ha interferido con la capacidad de los trabajadores de la salud para comunicarse con la población en general en una amplia variedad de contextos de salud pública a nivel mundial. Esto ha limitado la eficacia de la medicina basada en la evidencia y la capacidad sanitaria. Las campañas de desinformación a menudo intentan integrar o cooptar a los trabajadores de la salud en sus prácticas, lo que dificulta la comunicación efectiva de la salud. Describimos una descripción general crítica de los problemas que los profesionales de la salud y los comunicadores han experimentado al lidiar con la desinformación médica en línea y fuera de línea, así como las mejores prácticas para superar estos problemas al difundir información de salud. Este artículo enumera las técnicas de desinformación que aún no se han utilizado contra la comunidad médica, pero que deben tenerse en cuenta en la planificación de comunicaciones futuras, ya que pueden ser muy efectivas. También presentamos amplias recomendaciones y consideraciones de políticas diseñadas para mitigar la efectividad de las campañas de desinformación médica.医疗虚假信息已在全球广泛的公共卫生情境下干扰了医疗工作者对大众进行医疗传播的能力。这限制了基于证据的药物的有效性以及医疗能力。虚假信息活动经常试图在其实践中融入或拉拢医疗工作者，进而阻碍有效的卫生传播。我们批判概述了卫生从业人员和传播者在线上和线下应对医疗虚假信息时所经历的一系列问题，以及在传播卫生信息时用于克服这些问题的最佳实践。本文列出了一系列还未用于医疗界、但需要在未来传播规划时加以考量的虚假信息技术，因为这些技术可能具有高效性。我们还提出了广泛的政策建议和考量，用于缓解医疗虚假信息活动的有效性。.