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Background Laparoscopic donor nephrectomy may convert short main arteries into multiple arteries, increasing the technical challenge of implantation. We evaluated our experience to identify factors predictive of multiple arteries after laparoscopic nephrectomy. Methods All laparoscopic nephrectomies from the start of our program in November 2002 until June 2013 were studied, and preoperative imaging reviewed for donor artery length and multiplicity together with operative findings. Results A total of 287 consecutive laparoscopic live donor nephrectomies (64 right and 223 left nephrectomies) were studied. Renal artery length was measured from preoperative donor magnetic resonance or computed tomography angiogram and nephrectomy performed using a laparoscopic stapling device. Nine left kidneys with a single artery (6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 16 mm in length) and five right kidneys with a single artery (5, 13, 15, 20, and 26 mm) on imaging resulted in multiple renal arteries at implantation. Complex renal vein anatomy was associated with multiple arteries following retrieval. Conclusion A main renal artery length of more than 16 mm on the left and 26 mm on the right is unlikely to result in multiple arteries to implant. The possibility of multiple arteries should be borne in mind when the donor renal artery is short.

Background and Objectives Actual long-term survival of patients with colorectal liver metastases staged by PET CT has not been reported. Objectives were to investigate whether PET CT staging results in actual improved long-term survival, to examine outcome in patients with ‘equivocal’ PET CT scans, and those excluded from hepatectomy by PET CT. Methods A retrospective analysis of patients undergoing hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases between March 1998 and September 2008. Results Overall 5- and 10-year survival was 44.8% and 23.9%. PET CT staging resulted in management changes in 23% of patients. PET CT staged patients showed significantly better survival than those staged by CT alone at 3 years (79.8% vs. 54.1%) and at 5 years (54.1% vs. 37.3%) with median survivals of 6.4 years versus 3.9 years (log rank P = 0.018). Patients with equivocal PET CT scans showed worse median survival than those with favourable PET CT (log rank P = 0.002), but may include a subpopulation whose prognosis trends towards a more favourable outcome than those excluded from liver resection by PET CT, whose median survival remains limited to 21 months. Conclusions Staging of patients with colorectal liver metastases by PET CT is associated with significantly improved actual long-term survival, and provides valuable prognostic information which guides surgical and oncological treatments. J. Surg. Oncol. 2014 110:313–319. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Syntheses and full characterisation data (including single crystal diffraction) of three 1,2-diphosphonium dicationic species with the naphthalene-1,8-diyl (Nap) backbone are reported. The oxidation of Nap[P(NMe(2))(2)](2) with P(2)I(4) to its 1,2-dication was achieved. meso- and rac-forms of "all carbon" 1,2-diphosphonium dications were obtained in good yields and purity by double alkylation of the parent diphosphine (1,2-diphenyl-1,2-diphosphaacenaphthene) with methyl triflate or trimethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate. Each methylating reagent produces one of the rac- or meso-forms of the dication diastereospecifically. Structural parameters of the new dications are discussed with respect to other phosphorus 1,2-dications. DFT (B3LYP) computations revealed the significant role of the naphthalene backbone in stabilisation of the dicationic motif and helped to assess the energy cost of the steric clash of a variety of groups attached to the peri-positions of naphthalene. The synthesis and single crystal X-ray data of the extremely crowded Nap[P(Se)(OiPr)(2)](2) are discussed, and are contrasted with the unsuccessful synthesis of Nap(PtBu(2))(2) from NapLi(2) and ClPtBu(2).

Background: Websites on the Internet are used increasingly by patients and those caring for them as a source of medical information. This study investigated the nature and quality of the kidney transplant-related information currently available on the World Wide Web (WWW). Methods: Four common search engines were used to explore the Internet using the keywords “kidney transplantation.” Each website was assessed on the following categories: source, language, accessibility, presence of kitemarks, and quality/depth of information. Websites were scored independently by four transplant clinicians (two surgeons and two physicians), and a weighted Information Score (IS) was created to assess the overall clinical and educational value of the site. Results: A total of 200 potential websites were identified of which 94 websites were suitable for scoring. The remaining 106 were repetitions or non-accessible links. The overall median weighted IS for the sites assessed was 21 (IQR 0–61). Median weighted IS of sites originating from Europe and USA were 47 (IQR = 21–61) and 45 (IQR = 15–61) respectively (p = 0.27). Websites belonging to academic institutions scored higher with a median weighted IS of 49 (IQR = 20–61) when compared with kitemarked websites (median 21, IQR = 5–45, p = 0.01). However, there was no statistically significant difference in weighted IS of kitemarked, professional (median 22, IQR = 2–53), commercial (median 20, IQR = 0–45), and individual websites (median 9, IQR 3–12). There was a good agreement between the observers who scored the websites with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.79 and an associated 95% CI (0.73–0.90) for the four observers on the 94 websites. Conclusion: The educational material currently available on the WWW about kidney transplantation is often of poor quality and more input is required from transplant clinicians. Quality seals in the form of kitemarks may give a false sense of security. The gaps in validity and accuracy of the information available on complex topics such as kidney transplantation should be filled; otherwise poor quality information will continue to be the norm rather than the exception.

The adsorption of large organic molecules, including tetracene and perylene, on clean Si(100) is followed by scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) in an ultra high vacuum environment. Different adsorption sites have been observed for these organic molecules. Two types of tetracene adsorption are indicated by filled state images but three types can be distinguished in empty state images. Molecules aligned both along and perpendicular to the silicon dimer rows can be observed. Measurements of the length of this molecule in all configurations indicate that the molecule stays intact during the adsorption process. High resolution of STM images reveal that the perylene molecules bond to the substrate in a vertical orientation and forming packs of perylene aligned perpendicular to the silicon dimmer rows. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

Background: Many renal transplant centres are reluctant to use kidneys from non-heart-beating (NHB) donors because of the high incidence of primary non-function and delayed graft function reported in the literature. Here, we report our favourable experience of using kidneys from Maastricht category 3 donors (controlled NHB donors). Materials and methods: From January 1996 to June 2002, 42 renal transplants using kidneys from 25 controlled NHB donors were undertaken at our centre. The rates of primary non-function, delayed graft function (DGF), rejection and long-term graft and patient survival were compared with those of 84 recipients of grafts from heart-beating (HB donors) transplanted contemporaneously. Results: Primary non-function did not occur in recipients of grafts from NHB donors but was seen in two grafts from HB donors. DGF occurred in 21 of 42 (50%) kidneys from NHB donors and 14 of 84 (17%) kidneys from HBD donars (p

Adsorption of the nucleic acid base uracil on Si(100)-2 × 1 has been studied using scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM), high-resolution electron energy-loss spectroscopy (HREELS) and ab initio calculations. The STM images show that uracil is able to form ordered structures on the surface on which the molecules adsorb preferentially along dimer rows. The HREEL spectra show a stronger intensity of the in-plane modes compared with the out-of-plane vibrations. This indicates that the orientation of the molecular plane is more upright. The observation of a distinctive Si–H band in the vibrational spectra of Si(100)-2 × 1 exposed to uracil indicates that adsorption of the molecule occurs through cleavage of an O–H/N–H bond. The vibrational spectra show that only the enol tautomer interacts with the surface, mainly through cleavage of the OH bond and the formation of an Si–O linkage. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The room-temperature adsorption of 4-aminobenzoic acid on a Cu(110) surface is studied with high-resolution electron energy-loss spectroscopy (HREELS), low-energy electron diffraction (LEED), temperature-programmed desorption and scanning tunnelling microscopy. Initially, the molecule adsorbs in a flat-lying geometry and forms domains with a periodicity of (3 × 4)g. Increasing the coverage, the surface is saturated with this flat-lying structure at a coverage of 0.167 ML. Further increasing the surface coverage, the HREEL spectrum shows some additional upright species without any change in LEED pattern. Scanning tunnelling microscopy shows that this upright species is present along domain boundaries that are preferentially aligned along the (3, ±4) directions. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Reflectance anisotropy (RA) data are presented for the study of two discrete systems - the dynamic growth of Si and SiGe on Si(001) and the formation of ordered overlayers on Cu(110). In the first of these studies first examples are presented of high quality RA oscillations and simultaneously recorded RHEED oscillations obtained during the growth of Si and SiGe on Si (001) by gas source MBE using disilane and germane at temperatures of 600 °C. RA measurements clearly demonstrate an enhancement in growth rate upon introduction of germane to the disilane flow. For both systems, the RA was found to oscillate at a period corresponding to bilayer growth which is explained in terms of a model based upon the changes in relative domain size and hence Si dimer concentration on the two orthogonal [110] azimuths. The RA data are also compared with variations in the total reflectance of the growing surfaces which is recorded simultaneously. In the second study it is demonstrated here that the RA technique may also be applied to the study of surface processes occurring at a metal single crystal surface. A marked RA response was observed from a Cu(110) single crystal under conditions where adsorption of O 2 , O 2 + formic acid, and benzoic acid results in a re-structuring of the surface as determined independently using LEED. Dynamic RA responses corresponding to (R 110 - R 001 )/R tot are correlated with exposure of the various adsorbates and the appearance of particular overlayer structures. It is suggested that the RA response observed comes from a quenching of an allowed surface transition of the clean Cu(110) surface by the electronic perturbation induced by the adsorbates. If correct, this explanation would add much weight to the currently held interpretation of RA data from III-V systems which invokes similar geometrically oriented surface state transitions. However, at present, the possibility of involvement of new adsorbate-induced surface states cannot be ruled out.

The United Kingdom, with its extensive coastline, low-lying land and internationally important waterbirdpopulations, is likely to be much affected by climatechange generally and by rising sea-levels in particular.Already climate change has been linked with earlierbreeding (Crick & Sparks 1999) and changing breedingdistributions of the UK’s birds (Thomas & Lennon1999). The distributions of some of the UK’s inter-nationally important overwintering populations ofwaterbirds are also changing as a result of warmerwinters (Austin

Methyl (5 SR , 6 SR )-5-hydroxy-6-phenylselenyleicosa- cis,cis,cis -8,11,14-trienoate ( 8 ), available in two steps from arachidonic acid, undergoes oxidative deselenylation to give selectively either methyl (5 SR )-5-hydroxyeicosa- trans,trans,cis,cis -6,8,11,14-tetraenoate ( 5 ) or its cis -8 isomer ( 6 ), depending upon the reaction conditions.