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Patagonia (Argentina and Chile) harbors the highest Saccharomyces eubayanus genomic diversity and its widest predominance in natural environments. In this work, S. eubayanus was isolated for the first time from a fermentative environment. This species was found dominating both a traditional apple chicha fermentation as well as feral apple trees in the Andean region of Aluminé (Argentina). S. eubayanus was the only Saccharomyces species found in the isolation substrates, although it coexisted with other non-Saccharomyces species. The absence of strong fermentative competitors of the Saccharomyces genus (like Saccharomyces uvarum or Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in the feral apples could promote the development and implantation of S. eubayanus in a spontaneous apple must fermentation. Phylogeographic analyses revealed a high intraspecific diversity in S. eubayanus, enabling the characterization of strains belonging to the genomic subpopulations PA1, PA2, and PB1 according to the sequences obtained for the intFR gene region. This result evidence that the studied sampling area represents a natural habitat for the species. Being a novel finding, studying the causes that allowed this species to prosper in a fermentative environment becomes essential. Hence, the physiological profile of the new isolates, including their ability to grow at different temperature, nitrogen, and ethanol concentrations was evaluated in comparison with a set of S. eubayanus strains previously isolated from natural environment and representing different genomic subpopulations. Greater physiological diversity was evidenced when strains isolated from both natural and fermentative environments were analyzed overall. Furthermore, no direct relationship between genomic population and physiological behavior was observed; on the opposite, strains appeared to exhibit similar behavior, primarily grouped by isolation origin., (© 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: Nonhuman primates (NHPs) are fundamental for countless types of research and their phylogenetic similarities with humans make them valuable biomodels. Saimiri (squirrel monkeys) is the New World simian genus that is most widely used in research; however, little is known about the morphology of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of these animals., Methods: The morphological and topographical aspects of GIT organs from 14 previously frozen carcasses of captive squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) were described as a means for refining clinical and laboratory diagnoses, with the aim of providing a basis for clinical assessments and animal management. The carcasses were gradually thawed, macroscopically evaluated for their appearance, measured, weighed, photographed, and necropsied. The characteristics of all the GIT organs (main and accessories) were evaluated, with measurement of the dimensions and description of the shape, consistency, and color of each one., Results: The stomach of squirrel monkeys is simple and of non-compartmentalized type and the cecum does not have numerous folds, compared with other species. These characteristics are compatible with omnivorous simian species with no adaptive digestive specialization for the food fermentation process. Significant correlations were found between the weights of the carcass and GIT (p < .05); carcass and tongue (0.83; p < .01); and liver and right salivary gland (0.83; p < .01). It was also observed that the animals showed good body score conformation and GIT organs in good condition, which indicated that their nutritional management had been adequate. Regarding the correlations found among the organs: (i) squirrel monkeys with heavier carcasses had better-developed GIT with greater food storage capacity; (ii) the bigger the animal was, the greater its overall muscle development was, including that of the tongue, which would enable intensification of its feeding activity; and (iii) the measurements of the esophagus, small and large intestines, pancreas, and salivary glands were not sex-dependent in Saimiri sciureus., Conclusions: Previously cryopreserved carcasses of squirrel monkeys can be used for gastrointestinal system studies, with the potential to make clinical, zootechnical, management, and scientific contributions., (© 2022 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Interspecific hybrids among species in the Saccharomyces genus are frequently detected in anthropic habitats and can also be obtained easily in the laboratory. This occurs because the most important genetic barriers among Saccharomyces species are post-zygotic. Depending on several factors, including the involved strains, the hybridization mechanism and stabilization conditions, hybrids that bear differential genomic constitutions, and hence phenotypic variability, can be obtained. In the present study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae × Saccharomyces uvarum hybrids were constructed using genetically and physiologically different S. uvarum parents at distinct temperatures (13 and 20°C). The effect of those variables on the main oenological features of the wines obtained with these hybrids was evaluated. Hybrids were successfully obtained in all cases. However, genetic stabilization based on successive fermentations in white wine at 13°C was significantly longer than that at 20°C. Our results demonstrated that, irrespective of the S. uvarum parent and temperature used for hybrid generation and stabilization, similar physicochemical and aromatic features were found in wines. The hybrids generated herein were characterized by low ethanol production, high glycerol synthesis and the capacity to grow at low temperature and to produce malic acid with particular aroma profiles. These features make these hybrids useful for the new winemaking industry within the climate change era frame. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., (Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)

Background: Agnathia is a rare malformation characterized by the absence of the mandible., Methods: A male rhesus monkey with malformations was found dead and studied by internal examination, radiographs and histopathology., Results: A case of a rare first branchial arch anomaly with agenesis of the mandible and tongue is presented. The animal also had visceral deformities. However, ears were normal in shape and only slightly low in position. The craniofacial malformations may reflect incomplete separation of the first branchial arch into its maxillary and mandibular processes., Conclusions: The association between the craniofacial and other corporal anomalies is unclear.

To examine DNA abnormalities in bladder papillary tumours induced by N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl) nitrosamine (BBN) in female rats, using image cytometric DNA analysis and cytogenetics. Thirty female rats were exposed to BBN in their drinking water for 20 weeks. One group of 10 animals served as controls. The animals exposed to BBN were killed at a rate of two per week, with the bladder being collected under aseptic conditions and those tumours with exophytic growth removed. The nuclear DNA content of the tumours was evaluated using image cytometric analysis. In two rats part of the tumour pieces was stipulated for culturing. Cytogenetic analysis was performed on at least 30 cells from each cell population and on both tumours. Papillary carcinomas were classified as low grade and high grade. DNA ploidy studies were carried out on 28 low-grade and 21 high-grade papillary carcinomas. Histograms obtained by image analysis showed that a normal urothelium was diploid; 28.6% and 100% of low-and high-grade papillary carcinomas were aneuploid respectively. Both tumours used for cell culture showed multiple numerical and structural chromosome alterations and several marker chromosomes. Image cytometric DNA analysis proved to be a good and reliable method for examining DNA alterations in papillary bladder carcinomas. The present findings establish that the DNA content is statistically different between low-grade and high-grade papillary carcinomas and that deviation from the diploid number is markedly higher in the high-grade ones. In addition, the occurrence of marker chromosomes seems to be related to the aggressiveness of the tumour.

In order to determine the value of flow cytometric (FCM) immunophenotyping of fine-needle aspirates (FNA) in the diagnosis and classification of lymphoproliferative diseases, 61 tissue samples were studied and compared with the cytologic/histological results. In vivo and ex vivo FNA biopsy yielded the material for FCM, which comprised an extensive number of lymphoid cell markers. In all but three cases sufficient cells were collected. Overall, malignancy was diagnosed in 33 cases from a total of 47 (70.2%), and in the remaining cases malignancy was not detected. Eleven cases were correctly diagnosed as reactive processes (11/11). There were no false positive cases of malignancy, as diagnosed by FCM-FNA. The best accuracy was achieved in the low-grade B-cell lymphomas and lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia. We conclude that in a significant number of cases, FCM-FNA permits the separation between lymphoid malignancies and reactive processes without false positive results. It was found to be particularly useful in the differential diagnosis of mantle-cell and small-lymphocytic lymphoma and in the identification of lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia., (Copyright 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.)