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Abstract The capability to anticipate the exceptionally rapid warming of the Northwest Atlantic Shelf and its evolution over the next decade could enable effective mitigation for coastal communities and marine resources. However, global climate models have struggled to accurately predict this warming due to limited resolution; and past regional downscaling efforts focused on multi‐decadal projections, neglecting predictive skill associated with internal variability. We address these gaps with a high resolution (1/12°) ensemble of dynamically downscaled decadal predictions. The downscaled simulations accurately predicted past oceanic variability at scales relevant to marine resource management, with skill typically exceeding global coarse‐resolution predictions. Over the long term, warming of the Shelf is projected to continue; however, we forecast a temporary warming pause in the next decade. This predicted pause is attributed to internal variability associated with a transient, moderate strengthening of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation and a southward shift of the Gulf Stream.

Abstract Self‐assembled peptides have been among the important biomaterials due to its excellent biocompatibility and diverse functions. Over the past decades, substantial progress and breakthroughs have been made in designing self‐assembled peptides with multifaceted biomedical applications. The techniques for quantitative analysis, including imaging‐based quantitative techniques, chromatographic technique and computational approach (molecular dynamics simulation), are becoming powerful tools for exploring the structure, properties, biomedical applications, and even supramolecular assembly processes of self‐assembled peptides. However, a comprehensive review concerning these quantitative techniques remains scarce. In this review, recent progress in techniques for quantitative investigation of biostability, cellular uptake, biodistribution, self‐assembly behaviors of self‐assembled peptide etc., are summarized. Specific applications and roles of these techniques are highlighted in detail. Finally, challenges and outlook in this field are concluded. It is believed that this review will provide technical guidance for researchers in the field of peptide‐based materials and pharmaceuticals, and facilitate related research for newcomers in this field.

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are shed from the plasma membrane, but the regulation and function of these EVs remain unclear. We found that oxidative stress induced by H2O2 in Hela cells stimulated filopodia formation and the secretion of EVs. EVs were small (150 nm) and labeled for CD44, indicating that they were derived from filopodia. Filopodia‐derived small EVs (sEVs) were enriched with the sphingolipid ceramide, consistent with increased ceramide in the plasma membrane of filopodia. Ceramide was colocalized with neutral sphingomyelinase 2 (nSMase2) and acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), two sphingomyelinases generating ceramide at the plasma membrane. Inhibition of nSMase2 and ASM prevented oxidative stress‐induced sEV shedding but only nSMase2 inhibition prevented filopodia formation. nSMase2 was S‐palmitoylated and interacted with ASM in filopodia to generate ceramide for sEV shedding. sEVs contained nSMase2 and ASM and decreased the level of these two enzymes in oxidatively stressed Hela cells. A novel metabolic labeling technique for EVs showed that oxidative stress induced secretion of fluorescent sEVs labeled with NBD‐ceramide. NBD‐ceramide‐labeled sEVs transported ceramide to mitochondria, ultimately inducing cell death in a proportion of neuronal (N2a) cells. In conclusion, using Hela cells we provide evidence that oxidative stress induces interaction of nSMase2 and ASM at filopodia, which leads to shedding of ceramide‐rich sEVs that target mitochondria and propagate cell death.

Abstract Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) based on vanadium oxides or sulfides are promising candidates for large‐scale rechargeable energy storage due to their ease of fabrication, low cost, and high safety. However, the commercial application of vanadium‐based electrode materials has been hindered by challenging problems such as poor cyclability and low‐rate performance. To this regard, sophisticated nanostructure engineering technology is used to adeptly incorporate VS2 nanosheets into the MXene interlayers to create a stable 2D heterogeneous layered structure. The MXene nanosheets exhibit stable interactions with VS2 nanosheets, while intercalation between nanosheets effectively increases the interlayer spacing, further enhancing their stability in AZIBs. Benefiting from the heterogeneous layered structure with high conductivity, excellent electron/ion transport, and abundant reactive sites, the free‐standing VS2/Ti3C2Tz composite film can be used as both the cathode and the anode of AZIBs. Specifically, the VS2/Ti3C2Tz cathode presents a high specific capacity of 285 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1. Furthermore, the flexible Zn‐metal free in‐plane VS2/Ti3C2Tz//MnO2/CNT AZIBs deliver high operation voltage (2.0 V) and impressive long‐term cycling stability (with a capacity retention of 97% after 5000 cycles) which outperforms almost all reported Vanadium‐based electrodes for AZIBs. The effective modulation of the material structure through nanocomposite engineering effectively enhances the stability of VS2, which shows great potential in Zn2+ storage. This work will hasten and stimulate further development of such composite material in the direction of energy storage.

Abstract How to represent a human face pattern? While it is presented in a continuous way in human visual system, computers often store and process it in a discrete manner with 2D arrays of pixels. The authors attempt to learn a continuous surface representation for face image with explicit function. First, an explicit model (EmFace) for human face representation is proposed in the form of a finite sum of mathematical terms, where each term is an analytic function element. Further, to estimate the unknown parameters of EmFace, a novel neural network, EmNet, is designed with an encoder‐decoder structure and trained from massive face images, where the encoder is defined by a deep convolutional neural network and the decoder is an explicit mathematical expression of EmFace. The authors demonstrate that our EmFace represents face image more accurate than the comparison method, with an average mean square error of 0.000888, 0.000936, 0.000953 on LFW, IARPA Janus Benchmark‐B, and IJB‐C datasets. Visualisation results show that, EmFace has a higher representation performance on faces with various expressions, postures, and other factors. Furthermore, EmFace achieves reasonable performance on several face image processing tasks, including face image restoration, denoising, and transformation.

Abstract Background New therapeutic targets are needed to improve the outcomes for gastric cancer (GC) patients with advanced disease. Evasion of programmed cell death (apoptosis) is a hallmark of cancer cells and direct induction of apoptosis by targeting the pro‐survival BCL2 family proteins represents a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanisms underpinning cancer cell survival could provide a molecular basis for potential therapeutic interventions. Method Here we explored the role of BCL2L1 and the encoded anti‐apoptotic BCL‐XL in GC. Using Droplet Digital PCR (ddPCR) technology to investigate the DNA amplification of BCL2L1 in GC samples and GC cell lines, the sensitivity of GC cell lines to selective BCL‐XL inhibitors A1155463 and A1331852, pan‐inhibitor ABT‐263, and VHL‐based PROTAC‐BCL‐XL was analyzed using (CellTiter‐Glo) CTG assay in vitro. Western Blot (WB) was used to detect the protein expression of BCL2 family members in GC cell lines and the manner in which PROTAC‐BCL‐XL kills GC cells. Co‐immunoprecipitation (Co‐IP) was used to investigate the mechanism of A1331852 and ABT‐263 kills GC cell lines. DDPCR, WB, and real‐time PCR (RTPCR) were used to investigate the correlation between DNA, RNA, protein levels, and drug activity. Results The functional assay showed that a subset of GC cell lines relies on BCL‐XL for survival. In gastric cancer cell lines, BCL‐XL inhibitors A1155463 and A1331852 are more sensitive than the pan BCL2 family inhibitor ABT‐263, indicating that ABT‐263 is not an optimal inhibitor of BCL‐XL. VHL‐based PROTAC‐BCL‐XL DT2216 appears to be active in GC cells. DT2216 induces apoptosis of gastric cancer cells in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner through the proteasome pathway. Statistical analysis showed that the BCL‐XL protein level predicts the response of GC cells to BCL‐XL targeting therapy and BCL2L1 gene CNVs do not reliably predict BCL‐XL expression. Conclusion We identified BCL‐XL as a promising therapeutic target in a subset of GC cases with high levels of BCL‐XL protein expression. Functionally, we demonstrated that both selective BCL‐XL inhibitors and VHL‐based PROTAC BCL‐XL can potently kill GC cells that are reliant on BCL‐XL for survival. However, we found that BCL2L1 copy number variations (CNVs) cannot reliably predict BCL‐XL expression, but the BCL‐XL protein level serves as a useful biomarker for predicting the sensitivity of GC cells to BCL‐XL‐targeting compounds. Taken together, our study pinpointed BCL‐XL as potential druggable target for specific subsets of GC.

Abstract Background Immune cells are crucial components in the tumor microenvironment and have a significant impact on the outcomes of patients. Aims Here, we aimed to establish a prognostic score based on different types of tumor‐infiltrating immune cells for Endometrial Carcinoma (EC). Methods and Results We enrolled and analyzed 516 EC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The relative abundance of 22 immune cells were estimated by using the CIBERSORTx algorithm. Cox regression was performed to identify potential prognostic immune cells, which were used to develop a Tumor‐infiltrating Immune Cell Score (TICS). The prognostic and incremental value of TICS for overall survival were compared with traditional prognostic factors using the C‐index and decision curves. Clustering analysis using all immune cells identified three immune landscape subtypes, which had weak correlation with survival. A TICS was constructed using CD8T cells, resting memory CD4 T cells, activated NK and activated DCs, and classified patients as low‐, moderate‐ and high‐risk subgroups. The low‐risk subgroup had higher tumor mutation burden and activation of IL2/STAT5, IL2/STAT3 and IFN‐gamma response pathways. Conversely, the high‐risk subgroup was associated with DNA copy number variation, hypoxia and EMT process. The TICS subgroups significantly predicted overall survival, which was independent of patient age, tumor stage, grade and molecular classification. Moreover, we developed a nomogram incorporating TICS and clinicopathologic factors, which significantly improved the predictive accuracy compared to the clinicopathologic model alone. Conclusion The TICS is an effective and independent prognostic predictor for EC patients and may serve as a useful supplement to clinicopathological factors and molecular subtyping.

Abstract Background Epilepsy (EP) is a common neurological disease in which 70–80% are thought to have a genetic cause. In patients with epilepsy, neurodevelopmental delay (NDD) was prevalent. Next generation of sequencing has been widely used in diagnosing EP/NDD. However, the diagnostic yield remains to be 40%–50%. Many reanalysis pipelines and software have been developed for automated reanalysis and decision making for the diseases. Nevertheless, it is a highly challenging task for smaller genetic centers or a routine pediatric practice. To address the clinical and genetic “diagnostic odyssey,” we organized a Multidisciplinary Molecular Consultation (MMC) team for molecular consultation for 202 children with EP/NDD patients referred by lower level hospitals. Methods All the patients had undergone an aligned and sequential consultations and discussions by a “triple reanalysis” procedure by clinical, genetic specialists, and researchers. Results Among the 202 cases for MMC, we totally identified 47 cases (23%) harboring causative variants in 24 genes and 15 chromosomal regions after the MMC. In the 15 cases with positive CNVs, 3 cases harbor the deletions or duplications in 16p11.2, and 2 cases for 1p36. The bioinformatical reanalysis revealed 47 positive cases, in which 12 (26%) were reported to be negative, VUS or incorrectly positive in pre‐MMC reports. Additionally, among 87 cases with negative cases, 4 (5%) were reported to be positive in pre‐MMC reports. Conclusion We established a workflow allowing for a “one‐stop” collaborative assessments by experts of multiple fields and helps for correct the diagnosis of cases with falsenegative and −positive and VUS genetic reports and may have significant influences for intervention, prevention and genetic counseling of pediatric epilepsy and neurodevelopmental disorders.

Abstract Drought risk assessment can identify high‐risk areas and bridge the gap between impacts and adaptation. It is thus vital to investigate changes in drought risk and exposed social economy under climate change. Here, the future global meteorological drought risk is projected for the 2021–2100 period under four combined scenarios of Representative Concentration Pathways and Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs), i.e., SSP1‐2.6, SSP2‐4.5, SSP3‐7.0, and SSP5‐8.5. And then the exposed population and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) under high risk are analyzed. Drought risk will further strengthen in the future under SSP2‐4.5, SSP3‐7.0, and SSP5‐8.5, with large increases distributed in South Asia, the Mediterranean, East Asia, Southeast Asia, and Central America. The strongest increasing trends in drought risk are concentrated in equatorial regions including South Asia, West Africa, and Central America. A large percentage of the population and economy are exposed to high drought risk. The exposed population under the highest risk level is the largest under SSP5‐8.5 and the smallest under SSP3‐7.0 for regions in North America, while being the largest under SSP3‐7.0 for other regions. The exposed GDP under the highest risk level is the highest under SSP5‐8.5 and the lowest under SSP3‐7.0, while the disparity among diverse scenarios is larger for the rich regions than the developing ones.

Abstract The first step in the fabrication of SHJ (silicon heterojunction) solar cells is forming random pyramids on the Si wafer surfaces. The pyramid profile would affect the following amorphous silicon deposition. Two CP (chemical polishing) solutions consist of HNO3 + HF and O3 + HF, respectively, are used to modify the pyramid profile. It is found that these two solutions have selective rounding effects on the pyramid profiles. The first one rounds the pyramid valleys and the second one rounds the pyramid peaks. The combination of the two CP methods improves the passivation quality of amorphous silicon and promotes the conversion efficiency of SHJ cells.

Abstract Compound drought and heatwave (CDHW) events have received considerable attention in recent years due to their devastating effects on human society and ecosystem. In this study, we systematically investigated the changes of CDHW events in multi‐spatiotemporal scales for historical period (1951–2014) and four future scenarios (2020–2100) (SSP1‐2.6, SSP2‐4.5, SSP3‐7.0, and SSP5‐8.5) over global land by using Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models. The responses of the CDHW events to the changes of maximum air temperature and the climatic water balance variable are also examined. The results show that the multi‐model ensembles project a significant increasing trend in CDHW characteristics over almost all global lands under SSP2‐4.5, SSP3‐7.0, and SSP5‐8.5, especially across northern North‐America, Caribbean, Mediterranean and Russian‐Arctic, there is a stronger increasing trend. A significantly increasing CDHW risk will occur across most global land for the medium to long term future without aggressive adaptation and mitigation strategies. The results of path analysis suggest that temperature is the dominant factor influencing CDHW events. Additionally, higher sensitivity of CDHW events to global warming will occur in the future. Particularly, each 1°C global warming increases the duration of the CDHW events by 3 days in the historical period, but by about 10 days in the future period. Overall, this study improves our understanding in the projection of CDHW events and the impacts of climate drivers to the CDHW events under various future scenarios, which could provide supports about the risk assessment, adaptation and mitigation strategies under climate change.

Abstract Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a deadly neuroendocrine malignancy with high metastasis. However, the heterogeneity of metastatic SCLC at the single‐cell level remains elusive. The single‐cell transcriptome of a total of 24 081 cells in metastatic lymph node samples from seven SCLC patients via endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS‐TBNA) is examined. Genomic alterations are also examined by whole exome sequencing (WES) and the immune infiltration between SCLC and non‐SCLC (NSCLC) is compared using public single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) data. It is identified that malignant cells in lymph‐node metastatic SCLC have inter‐patient and intra‐tumor heterogeneity characterized by distinct ASCL1 and NEUROD1 expression patterns. High expression of genes such as FZD8 in WNT pathway is associated with drug resistance in malignant cells. Compared to NSCLC, SCLC harbors a unique immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Malignant cells exhibit a pattern of attenuated MHC‐I antigen presentation‐related gene expression, which is associated with relatively low proportion of exhausted T cells. Natural killer (NK) cells display impaired antitumor function with high expression of TGFBR2. This work characterizes the inter‐patient and intra‐tumor heterogeneity of metastatic SCLC and uncovers the exhaustion signatures in NK cells, which may pave the way for novel treatments for SCLC including immune checkpoint blockade‐based immunotherapy.

Abstract The formation of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is induced by the sphingolipid ceramide. How this pathway is regulated is not entirely understood. Here, we report that the ceramide transport protein (CERT) mediates a non‐vesicular transport of ceramide between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the multivesicular endosome at contact sites. The process depends on the interaction of CERT's PH domain with PI4P generated by PI4KIIα at endosomes. Furthermore, a complex is formed between the START domain of CERT, which carries ceramide, and the Tsg101 protein, which is part of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT‐I). Inhibition of ceramide biosynthesis reduces CERT‐Tsg101 complex formation. Overexpression of CERT increases EV secretion while its inhibition reduces EV formation and the concentration of ceramides and sphingomyelins in EVs. In conclusion, we discovered a function of CERT in regulating the sphingolipid composition and biogenesis of EVs, which links ceramide to the ESCRT‐dependent pathway.

Background The aim of this study was to highlight the clinicopathological features of pulmonary primary angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma (PPAFH) to assist with a differential diagnosis. Methods There were 10 previous reports in the literature and four new PPAFH cases reviewed in this study. Immunohistochemistry (IHC), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and DNA and RNA‐based next‐generation sequencing (NGS) was performed in the four new cases reported here. Results In the four new PPAFH cases, the ages of occurrence were in patients age from 33 to 55 years and tumor sizes were from 1.5 to 8 cm. Three of four (75.0%) tumors were located in the endobronchus. The most common morphological changes included delineated fibrous capsule (100%, 4/4), lymphoplasmacytic cuff (100%, 4/4), and dense or richly lymphoplasmatic infiltration (100%, 4/4). IHC analysis revealed that the tumor cells of four cases expressed vimentin and TLE1, ALK and CD163 or CD68 was positive in three cases, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), desmin was positive in two cases, and SMA focal positive expression was observed in two cases. EWSR1 gene rearrangement was positive in all PPAFH cases (100%, 4/4) by FISH detections and four cases were confirmed as EWSR1‐CREB1 fusion variant by DNA and RNA based NGS. No regional lymph nodes and distal metastasis, recurrences and death of disease after surgical excision were recorded in all four cases. Conclusions PPAFH is a very unusual pulmonary primary mesenchymal tumor and the clinicopathological features are like other unusual sites counterparts, but with a smaller tumor size, related with large airway, with a tendency to exhibit benign biological behavior, with EWSR1 gene rearrangement and higher frequency of EWSR1‐CREB1 gene fusion. Key points Significant findings in the study: In comparison with “classic somatic” and nonpulmonary visceral angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma, pulmonary primary angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma display distinct clinicopathological features and prognosis. What this study adds The study provided the pathological differential diagnostic criteria and clinico‐pathological features for pulmonary primary angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma.

Abstract Meteorological to hydrological drought propagation has been widely studied to reflect the relationship between these drought categories and better understand drought mechanisms. However, global warming may alter the drought propagation features, which are not fully understood. This study aims to investigate changes in meteorological and hydrological drought conditions, especially their propagation features in 1.5–3.0°C warmer climates for 8,655 watersheds globally. First, the three‐month scale standardized precipitation index and the standardized runoff index are calculated based on the precipitation simulated by the 15 global climate models and the runoff simulated by the four hydrological models, respectively. Drought events are then identified using the run theory, followed by the calculation of drought propagation features (i.e., pooling, lag, and lengthening) for matched meteorological and hydrological droughts. As a result, both meteorological and hydrological drought conditions (i.e., duration and severity) would relieve in warmer climates due to increased precipitation for regions excluding Western North America, South America, the Mediterranean, Southern Africa, East Asia, and Australia. However, the drought conditions would be more severe during drought propagation from meteorological to hydrological droughts over most regions. During drought propagation, the worsening drought conditions over half of the regions would be more serious first and then relieved with the rising temperature. These results indicate that efforts to slow down global warming can suppress the deterioration of drought conditions in the propagation.

Background microRNAs (miRNAs) have been verified as molecular targets for regulating tumor proliferation, invasion, and metastasis in tumor progression. However, the relationship between miRNAs and cellular energy metabolism in breast cancer still needs to be clarified. This study aimed to investigate the role of miR‐429 in breast cancer progression. Methods Bioinformatic analyses were employed to detect the relationship between miR‐429 and cancer‐related signaling pathways. We used a Kaplan‐Meier curve to analyze survival rate in patients with high or low expression of miR‐429. We used real‐time quantitative PCR (RT‐qPCR) to detect the expression of miR‐429 in different cell lines. Sh‐con, over‐miR‐429, miR‐429 inhibitor, and sh‐inhibitor control were transfected. Colony formation and EDU assay were used to detect the proliferation of transfected cells. Wound healing and transwell assays were performed to detect the mobility and invasion ability of transfected cells. Western blot assay was used to detect relative protein expression in transfected cells and different tissues. Bioinformatic analyses were conducted to detect the target proteins expression in different breast cancer databases. Dual luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm the binding site between miR‐429 and fibronectin 1 (FN1). Results The results of our study indicate that MiR‐429 and its target genes are associated with cancer‐related signaling pathways and that higher miR‐429 expression corresponds with a better prognosis. When miR‐429 was overexpressed, the proliferation, invasion of MDA‐MB‐231 were inhibited. MiR‐429 was able to suppress the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway, and FN1 overexpression could rescue the influence of over‐miR‐429. Conclusions The results of our study suggest that miR‐429 suppresses the proliferation and invasion of breast cancer via inhibiting the Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway.

Objectives. The characteristic pathophysiological feature of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a dysregulated inflammatory response. T helper 17 (Th17) cells in the lung are inflammatory cells that contribute to pulmonary inflammatory cascades. In addition, Th17/regulatory T cells (Treg cells) also play an important role in the inflammatory process. Dendritic cells (DCs) can regulate the differentiation of CD4+ T cells, including Th17 and Treg cells. Recent evidence revealed that interleukin-33 (IL-33) signaling could activate and mature DCs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of IL-33 on inflammation and immunoregulation by inducing the Th17 response and influencing the Th17/Treg balance in LPS-induced ARDS. Methods. IL-33 gene knockout mice and the administration of recombinant mouse IL-33 (rmIL-33) were used to investigate the role of IL-33 and the underlying mechanisms in an LPS-induced ARDS model. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, wet/dry (W/D) weight ratios, cell counts, and the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-17 (IL-17), and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were investigated. The levels of IL-33, orphan nuclear receptor gamma t (RORγt), and forkhead transcription factor protein 3 (FOXP3) protein in lung tissue were evaluated by Western blotting. The mRNA expression levels of IL-33 and RORγt were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Th17 and Treg cell frequencies were determined by flow cytometry. The levels of IL-6 in the supernatant in a dendritic cell culture system were examined by ELISA. Results. Increased expression of IL-33 was observed in mice with LPS-induced ARDS. IL-33 deficiency significantly inhibited inflammation and attenuated LPS-induced ARDS, whereas pretreatment with rmIL-33 aggravated pulmonary inflammatory response. Furthermore, depletion of IL-33 inhibited Th17 cells, significantly decreased RORγt mRNA and protein expression and IL-17 levels in BALF, and led to less differentiation of T cells into Th17 cells than Treg cells. Moreover, IL-33-/- DCs secreted less IL-6 and IL-23 than normal control DCs. Conclusion. IL-33 deficiency alleviated lung injury in the LPS-induced ARDS model, which was closely related to suppressing Th17 responses and regulating the Th17/Treg balance. The expansion of Th17 cells and imbalance in Th17/Treg cells may be associated with IL-6 and IL-23 secreted from IL-33-activated DCs.

Considering the importance of China’s digital economy, industrial Internet, and high-quality development, this study analyzed China’s urban network from the perspective of the communications technology service industry. Three sub-networks (R & D, sales, and investment) and a comprehensive network were constructed. The density, centrality, and cohesive subgroups of the above network were identified. The results show that: (1) cohesion of urban networks in China is weak and resource sharing is low. (2) From west to east, the urban network forms a multilevel diamond structure in the periphery, a parallelogram structure in the semiperiphery, and a triangle structure in the center. (3) The spatial distribution of cohesive subgroups is scattered, disobeying the first law of geography. By constructing sub-networks and a comprehensive network, the subnetworks that dominate China’s urban networks were identified and their typical characteristics described. This study clarifies the technical support pattern behind China’s digital economy development and industrial internet construction and provides a basis for policy-makers to optimize the country’s high-quality development in the future.

Concrete cracking and interface slip decrease the bending stiffness of steel-concrete composite beams (SCCBs) in the negative moment region. To evaluate this decrease in the stiffness of SCCBs, a static differential equation is used to derive analytical expressions of interface slip and deflection. Based on the static load test results for SCCBs, the influence of concrete cracking and interface slip on the stiffness is analyzed. A linear stiffness reduction method is proposed for calculating the stiffness of SCCBs in the negative moment region after the concrete undergoes cracking. The proposed method can be used in engineering applications as it enables the facile and accurate calculation of the deflection and slip and the changes in stiffness of SCCBs in the negative moment region. The method can also be used for predicting and evaluating performance in the field of structural design.

Abstract Photodynamic therapy (PDT), a minimally invasive procedure, usually required photosensitizer (PS) under light irradiation to convert the absorbed light energy into reactive oxygen species (ROS) to cause cancer cell apoptosis. The PSs with abundant excited triplet state play a critical role to guarantee the PDT effect. Transition Ir(III) complexes has been proved to be an effective PSs for PDT, owing to their high intersystem crossing (ISC) ability, tunable optical properties, long excited state lifetimes. However, poor biocompatibility, short excitation wavelength, and high oxygen dependence limit their biomedical applications. This review summarizes important progress of Ir(III) complexes as PS in improved PDT, including: (1) the strategy of nanoparticles is employed to improve their biocompatibility, and significantly enhance the cellular intracellular efficiency at the same time. (2) Their excitation wavelength is successfully extended by combining fluorophores, forming nanoscale Metal‐Organic frameworks (nMOFs) or two‐photon excited therapy. (3) Their therapeutic effect for antihypoxic tumors is enhanced by constructing mitochondrial‐targeted PS or type I PDT. In addition, simple modification of the precursor is beneficial to obtain a more excellent therapeutic effect. Finally, we brief summarize the current challenges and future research opportunities for Ir(III) complexes in this research field.

Abstract In this study, using the Climate Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) simulations and by empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis, the first mode of variability in interannual surface air temperature (SAT) in Antarctica (EOF1) was examined for the period between 1979–2004 and 2051–2099 during the austral summer. The ensemble mean of EOF1 of the CMIP5 models shows a positive SAT anomaly over the northern Antarctic Peninsula (AP) and a negative SAT anomaly over Eastern Antarctica (EA) in both periods. A poleward expansion of the AP positive anomaly and an increase in the negative anomaly over interior EA are expected in 2051–2099, resulting in a larger difference of interannual SAT between interior EA and the AP in 2051–2099 than in 1979–2004. The increasing difference in the interannual SAT is consistent with a larger magnitude of the SAM‐related circulation anomalies in the future.

Prothrombin time (PT) is a measure of coagulation status and was assessed in the majority of patients in the rivaroxaban phase II and III clinical trials as a pharmacodynamic marker. In the absence of sufficient phase III pharmacokinetic (PK) data to provide individual exposure measures for input into rivaroxaban exposure–response analyses, the aim of the present study was to investigate the use of PT‐adjustment approaches (i.e., the use of observed individual PT measurements) to enhance the prediction of individual rivaroxaban exposure metrics (derived using a previously developed integrated population PK model) based on the observed linear relationship between PT and rivaroxaban plasma concentrations. The PT‐adjustment approaches were established using time‐matched PK and PT measurements, which were available from 1,779 patients across four phase II trials and one phase III trial of rivaroxaban. PT‐adjusted exposure estimates improved the identification of statistically significant effects when compared with covariate‐only exposure estimates.

Background. Neuropathic pain not only affects individual life quality but also increases economic burden for the society. Treatment to alleviate neuropathic pain is required. Methodology. Fifty rats were randomly assigned into sham, spinal nerve ligation, and three treatment groups with different doses of Tempol (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg, respectively), with 10 rats in each group. A neuropathic pain model was created with spinal nerve L5 and L6 ligation. Mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia were tested preoperatively (day 0) and postoperatively (days 1, 3, 5, and 7). Spinal cord levels of nitric oxide, as well as activities of nitric oxide synthase and acetylcholinesterase, were tested in postoperative day 7. Results. Compared with rats in the spinal nerve ligation group, rats in Tempol treatment groups had decreased responses to mechanical pain and cold plate stimulations. A high dose of Tempol produced more attenuating effects. The level of nitric oxide and activity of nitric oxide synthase were also decreased with Tempol treatments, whereas no significant changes were observed in the activity of acetylcholinesterase. Conclusions. Tempol attenuated an experimental rat model with neuropathic pain by inhibiting nitric oxide production.

Hypereosinophilic syndrome is a myeloproliferative disorder characterized by persistent eosinophilia with involvement of multiple organs. The occurrence of severe pulmonary hypertension (PH) in the setting of hypereosinophilic syndrome is very uncommon. A 43-year-old man with documented idiopathic hypereosinophlic syndrome presented to the hospital with symptoms of paroxysmal chest discomfort and progressive exertional dyspnea. Physical examination showed distended jugular veins, cyanosed lips, increased P2 sound, and moderate pitting edema of the lower extremities. Echocardiography revealed enlarged right atrium, enlarged right ventricle, increased pulmonary artery systolic pressure, and decreased right ventricular systolic function. Venous ultrasound of the lower extremities, computed tomography pulmonary angiography, and right heart catheterization (RHC) were negative for thrombus. The pulmonary artery systolic pressure was found severely increased during the RHC. Treatment included prednisolone, ambrisentan, diuretics, and digoxin. The involvement of the pulmonary artery in patients with idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome is an uncommon finding. The patient presents with clinical manifestations of right ventricular systolic dysfunction resulted from severely increased PH.