Search

ObjectiveEctopic accumulation of cardiac adipose tissue volume (CAT) has been associated with cardiac remodelling and cardiac dysfunction in type 2 diabetes and may be a future therapeutic target. In this substudy from the SIMPLE-trial, we investigated short-term empagliflozin therapy's effects on CAT in patients with type 2 diabetes.Research design and MethodsBetween 4 April 2017 and 11 May 2020, we randomized 90 patients with type 2 diabetes and established or high risk of cardiovascular disease to 25 mg empagliflozin or placebo for 13 weeks. The substudy focused on change in CAT evaluated by images acquired during 82Rubidium-positron emissions tomography/computed tomography. The analysis included 78 patients who had at least one scan. Furthermore, we report on the relation to the concurrent effects on left ventricular mass, end-diastolic volume and end-systolic volume, body composition and glucometabolic status.ResultsMean ± SD baseline CAT was 258.5 ± 117.9 ml. Empagliflozin reduced CAT after 13 weeks by 12.41 ml [95% CI (−23.83 to −0.99), p = .034] as compared with placebo. Similarly, left ventricular mass [−5.16 g, 95% CI (−8.80 to −1.52), p = .006], end-diastolic volume and end-systolic volume decreased with empagliflozin. In addition, significant improvements were observed in body composition, with reduced total fat mass, and in measures of glucose and lipid metabolism. However, no correlation was observed between changes in CAT and changes in cardiac parameters and change in CAT appeared mediated primarily by concurrent change in weight.ConclusionsEmpagliflozin provides an early reduction of CAT; however, no association was observed with concurrent changes in cardiac volumetrics Objective: Ectopic accumulation of cardiac adipose tissue volume (CAT) has been associated with cardiac remodelling and cardiac dysfunction in type 2 diabetes and may be a future therapeutic target. In this substudy from the SIMPLE-trial, we investigated short-term empagliflozin therapy's effects on CAT in patients with type 2 diabetes.Research design and Methods: Between 4 April 2017 and 11 May 2020, we randomized 90 patients with type 2 diabetes and established or high risk of cardiovascular disease to 25 mg empagliflozin or placebo for 13 weeks. The substudy focused on change in CAT evaluated by images acquired during (82)Rubidium-positron emissions tomography/computed tomography. The analysis included 78 patients who had at least one scan. Furthermore, we report on the relation to the concurrent effects on left ventricular mass, end-diastolic volume and end-systolic volume, body composition and glucometabolic status.Results: Mean +/- SD baseline CAT was 258.5 +/- 117.9 ml. Empagliflozin reduced CAT after 13 weeks by 12.41 ml [95% CI (-23.83 to -0.99), p = .034] as compared with placebo. Similarly, left ventricular mass [-5.16 g, 95% CI (-8.80 to -1.52), p = .006], end-diastolic volume and end-systolic volume decreased with empagliflozin. In addition, significant improvements were observed in body composition, with reduced total fat mass, and in measures of glucose and lipid metabolism. However, no correlation was observed between changes in CAT and changes in cardiac parameters and change in CAT appeared mediated primarily by concurrent change in weight.Conclusions: Empagliflozin provides an early reduction of CAT; however, no association was observed with concurrent changes in cardiac volumetrics.

Key Clinical Message Hepatosplenic gamma‐delta T‐cell lymphoma with concurrent hemophogocytic lymphohistiocytosis is a rare but well‐recognized clinical scenario, associated with a grim prognosis. Clinicians must be aware of this aggressive type of lymphoma so that a prompt diagnosis can be made with timely initiation of systemic therapy and referral for bone marrow transplant.

Key Clinical Message Vincristine‐induced vocal cord palsy (VCP) is a rare but critical complication. Prompt recognition of VCP is imperative. Vincristine‐induced VCP is reversible, and a complete remission of a lymphoma is still feasible upon withdrawal of vincristine from the chemotherapeutic regimen early in the course of treatment., Vincristine‐induced vocal cord palsy (VCP) is a rare but critical complication. Prompt recognition of VCP is imperative. Vincristine‐induced VCP is reversible, and a complete remission of a lymphoma is still feasible upon withdrawal of vincristine from the chemotherapeutic regimen early in the course of treatment.

Zusammenfassung: Polyposis und chronisch inflammatorische Darmerkrankungen, die bereits im Alter von 2 bis 5 Jahren beginnen konnen, pradisponieren fur kolorektale Karzinome in der 4. und 5. Lebensdekade. Bei der Polyposis wird eine Mutation in dem Tumorsuppressorgen (TSG) APC (adenomatous polyposis coli gene) in der Lymphozyten-DNA gefunden. Bei der ulcerativen Kolitis tritt meistens eine Mutation im TSG p53 als erster Hinweis auf die Krebsentstehung auf. Das hereditare nicht-polypose Kolonkarzinom (HNPCC), das 5 % aller kolorektalen Karzinome umfasst, wird durch die Inaktivierung in DNA-Reperaturgenen (MMR) hervorgerufen, welche durch eine Instabilitat von polymorphen einfachen repetitiven Sequenzen in der DNA nachweisbar ist. Zur Karzinomentstehung mussen zu den Keimbahnmutationen weitere Mutationen in Genen wie ras, DCC, MCC und p53 hinzukommen. Es wurden Labormethoden etabliert, die den Nachweis von Mutationen in TSG und MMR ermoglichen. Man muss dabei die direkte Bestimmung einer Mutation mittels Sequenzierung mit fluoreszenz-markierten Didesoxy-Nukleotiden von indirekten Methoden wie dem Protein Truncation Assay oder der denaturierenden HPLC unterscheiden. Positive Ergebnisse mit den indirekten Methoden mussen stets durch Sequenzierung bestatigt werden. Alle Methoden sind auf Lymphozyten-DNA und DNA aus Gewebe von Polypen, Adenomen und Karzinomen anwendbar. Patienten mit einer nachgewiesenen Mutation in TSG oder MMR tragen ein hohes Karzinomrisiko, sollten engmaschig kontrolliert werden und eine konsequente Behandlung der Primarerkrankung ist notwendig. Bei Patienten mit einer APC-Mutation wird eine grose Variabilitat der Zeitspanne bis zum Ausbruch des Karzinoms beobachtet. Aufgrund von Ergebnissen an Mausmodellen, die eine Mutation im APC-analogen Gen der Maus tragen, kann man auf die Existenz von Tumor-modifier Genen auch beim Menschen schliesen, die mit den TSG und MMR kooperieren. Uber sie konnte in Zukunft eine individuellere Bestimmung des Karzinomrisikos und auch der Progredienz von bestehenden Karzinomen moglich werden. Summary: Polyposis and chronic inflammatory large bowel diseases with its earliest onset at age 2 to 5 are prone for cancer development in the thirties or forties. In polyposis, one allele of the tumor-suppressor gene (TSG) adenomatous polyposis coli gene (APC) is already inactivated in the germ line, whereas in ulcerative colitis the p53 TSG is affected in the inflammatory tissue. Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer, comprising 5 % of all cancer cases, is caused by mutations in mismatch repair genes (MMR) which is detectable by a genetic instability of simple sequence polymorphic DNA stretches. Subsequent mutations have to follow accidentally to develop the complete malignant phenotype: ras, DCC (deleted in colon cancer, Chr. 18q), MCC (mutated in colon cancer, Chr. 5q), and p53 mutations are required for full malignant transformation. Laboratory methods have been established to determine the TSG and MMR mutations. Using direct sequencing methods such as the didesoxy-nucleotides and indirect methods such as the protein truncation assay or denaturating HPLC most of the mutations are detectable. The methods are applicable to DNA from lymphocytes, tissue from polyps, adenomas, and cancer. Patients indicated to harbor TSG or MMR mutations are at high risk, and as a consequence, short-term follow-up and, if detectable, consequent treatment of the primary disease is necessary. In respect to individuals inheriting an APC mutation predisposing to colorectal cancer different outcomes are observed, ranging from early aggressive cancer to disease-free survival. This might be explained by the cooperation of TSGs and MMRs with tumor-modifier genes. Tumor-modifier genes were identified from investigations of the genetic background effects on phenotypic expression in mice carrying a point mutation in the mouse equivalent of the APC gene (APCMIN) and could provide us with genetic markers with which individuals could be tested for disease susceptibility or tumor progression.

In the February 2001 issue of the Journal of Zoology a paper was published by Robert Timm and John Brandt (2001) that provided a new identification for two bovid frontlets held in the Kansas Natural History Museum. The frontlets had been collected in 1929 from Suoi Kiet, Binh Tuy Province in Vietnam and had been previously identified as kouprey Bos sauveli. Timm and Brandt re-identified the two frontlets as adult male and female representatives of the recently described spiral-horned ox Pseudonovibos spiralis Peter & Feiler, 1994.

Two bovid frontlets with horns collected in 1929 and now housed in the collections of the University of Kansas Natural History Museum (KU) from Suoi Kiet, Binh Tuy Province, Vietnam, were previously identified as koupreys ( Bos sauveli ). We believe that they are specimens of the recently discovered bovid, Pseudonovibos spiralis Peter & Feiler, 1994. The KU specimens are represented by the posterior half of the frontal bones, the parietals, the horn cores and horns, and the anteriormost supraoccipitals, and are the most complete, best documented, and oldest specimens known of this poorly known species. We believe that both an adult male and an adult female are represented. Although the specimens are fragmentary, they still provide significant information that allows us to describe some aspects of P. spiralis , and they are especially critical to our understanding of the relationships of this animal to other bovids. We propose the English name spiral-horned ox, which reflects both its distinctively shaped horns and close relationship to other wild oxen. The Khmer name, Khting Vor , is also an appropriate common name. Previously overlooked references from the 1880s and 1950s document that the spiral-horned ox was believed to have magical powers over poisonous snakes.

Zusammenfassung An einem australischen Datenmaterial mit insgesamt 41 239 Beobachtungen und einem deutschen Datensatz mit 7211 Tieren wurden fur Lebenstagszunahme und Speckdicke Varianzkomponenten und die genetische Korrelation zwischen Reinzucht- und Kreuzungsleistung geschatzt. Der australische Datensatz enthalt Leistungen von Reinzuchttieren (15 215 Landrasse, 13 043 Large White und 3488 Duroc) und von Kreuzungstieren (5019 reziproke Kreuzungen von Large White und Landrasse und 4474 Dreirassenkreuzungen Duroc × F1) beiderlei Geschlechts. Im deutschen Datensatz sind die Ergebnisse von 2762 Edelschweinen und 4449 Landrasse × Edelschwein Kreuzungen enthalten. Die Daten wurden mit einem multivariaten Tiermodell mit Saison als fixen und der gemeinsamen Wurfumwelt als zusatzlichen zufalligen Effekt ausgewertet. Bei der Speckdicke wurde das Testgewicht als Kovariable im Model mit aufgenommen. Fur die Lebenstagszunahme wurden fur alle Rassen sehr ahnliche Varianzkomponenten geschatzt. Bei den australischen Daten ist die additiv genetische Varianz bei den Kreuzungstieren hoher als bei den Reizuchtlinien. Die Heritabilitaten fur Lebenstagszunahme schwanken zwischen 0.20 und 0.31. Bei der Speckdicke sind zwischen den Rassen grosere Schwankungen in der Heritabilitat zu beobachten, sie liegen zwischen 0.26 fur die australischen F1-Kreuzungen und 0.58 fur die deutschen Edelschweine. Die genetischen Korrelationen zwischen den Reinzuchttieren und ihren F1-Verwandten schwanken zwischen 0.87 und 0.94 fur Lebenstagszunahme und 0.92 und 1.0 fur die Speckdicke. Diese hohen genetischen Korrelationen zwischen Reinzucht- und Kreuzungsleistungen bewirken, das eine indirekte Selektion auf die Leistung der Kreuzungsendprodukte mittels Selektion auf Reinzuchtleistung in den Eltern- oder Groselternlinien einen hoheren Zuchtfortschritt erwarten last, als die direkte Selektion auf Kreuzungsleistung. Eine kombinierte Selektion auf Reinzucht- und Kreuzungsleistung zur Verbesserung der Endprodukte fuhrt zum optimalen Zuchtfortschritt, da auch gleichzeitig unterschiedliche Varianzen und Kovarianzen fur die beteiligten Linien eingesetzt werden konnen. Diese Selektionsstrategie erlaubt auch eine unterschiedliche okonomische Gewichtung von Reinzucht- und Kreuzungsleistungen. Summary An Australian data set of 41 239 tested animals and a German data set of 7211 test records were analysed to estimate the variance components for daily gain and backfat thickness and the genetic correlation between purebred and crossbred performance. The Australian data included purebred sows and boars (15 215 Landrace, 13 043 Large White, 3488 Duroc) and crossbred animals (5019 reciprocal F1-crosses of Large White and Landrace, 4474 three-way Duroc × F1 crosses) of both sexes. The German data set consisted of 2762 pure Edelschwein and 4449 Landrace × Edelschein crosses. The data were analysed with a multiple trait animal model including the season as fixed and the common litter environment as an additional random effect. For backfat thickness the weight at test was included as a linear covariate in the model. For daily gain in both data sets very similar variance components were estimated. In tendency the crossbred lines in the Australian data show a higher additive variance than the purebred animals. The heritabilities for daily gain range between 0.20 and 0.31. Backfat thickness shows a higher variation in heritabilities, ranging from 0.26 for the Australian F1-crosses to 0.58 for the German Edelschwein. All genetic correlations between purebred animals and their F1-crossbred relatives range between 0.87 and 0.94 for daily gain and 0.92 and 1.0 for backfat thickness. These high genetic correlations between purebred and crossbred performance indicate that the indirect selection to improve the commercial crossbred level based on purebred information leads to a higher genetic gain in the production level than a direct selection on crossbred performance. A combined selection on purebred and crossbred information will give maximum genetic gain in the commercial level and allows different variance components for different breeds as well as different economic weightings for purebred and crossbred information.

The diffusion coefficients of monomers (vinyl acetate, styrene) within poly(vinyl acetate) films were measured by means of infrared attenuated total reflection spectroscopy and gravimetry. The diffusion coefficients obtained by the two methods are almost identical. This is interpreted as an indication that the molecular processes of diffusion of small molecules in bulk and in surface layer regions of the polymer take place in a similar manner. Die Diffusionskoeffizienten von Monomeren (Vinylacetat, Styren) in Poly(vinylacetat)-Filmen wurden mit Hilfe der abgeschwachten Infrarot-Totalreflexions-Spektroskopie und gravimetrisch bestimmt. Die dabei erhaltenen Diffusionskoeffizienten sind nahezu identisch. Das wird als ein Hinweis darauf gewertet, das die molekularen Vorgange der Diffusion von kleinen Molekulen im Volumen und in Oberflachenschichten des Polymer in ahnlicher Weise verlaufen.

Triaxial fracture tests with overburden pressures ranging from 0.69 to 136 MPa were performed to determine the material parameters involved in a cap model for limestone. Three material parameters A, B and C, were evaluated through Powell's optimization method and the remaining parameters through simulation-curve fitting procedure. The resulting cap model was tested against separate triaxial fracture and hydrostatic compression tests. Modification of the original hardening function, as proposed by DiMaggio and Sandler, provided an improved fit for the experimental data.

Summary Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios of bone collagen from elephants that died in the Tsavo National Park, Kenya, between 1975 and 1980, were determined in an attempt to establish possible changes in past diets. Individuals ranged from one to fifty years old at the time of death, and possessed a mean o 13 C value of

Fur verschiedene Polyethylene werden ramanspektroskopisch die Anteile der ubermolekularen Struktur nach einem Dreiphasenmodell bestimmt, und deren Temperaturabhangigkeit wird diskutiert. Die Ergebnisse werden mit Kristalliniatatswerten aus Dichte-, Infraot-, Rontgenweitwinkel- und NMR-Messungen verglichen. The fractions of the supermolecular structure with respect to a three-phase model were estimated by Raman spectroscopic investigations on different polyethylenes. The temperature dependence of the structure parameters is discussed. The results are compared with crystallinity values from desity, infrared, WAXS and NMR measurements.

Water vapor transport properties for the polymers Kapton H11 and Parylene C were determined over a temperature range of 20 to 55°C. Activation energies and entropies for permeation as well as partial molar free energies, heats, and entropies of dilution were calculated for water vapor concentrations ranging from 3 × 10−6 to 1 × 10−3 mole H2O per cm3 of polymer. Mylar A was tested to extend the available data for partial molar heats and entropies of dilution and to compare permeation and diffusion results with the corresponding values in the literature. Diffusion coefficients were measured using the time-lag technique of Barrer but employing a modified test apparatus. Equilibrium sorption isotherms at 30°C were obtained for Mylar A and Kapton H with a Cahn microbalance. The ratios of the permeability to diffusion coefficients as measured from time-lag experiments agreed with solubility coefficients within 3% for Mylar A and within 12% for Kapton H. Both polymers obeyed Henry's law. The results were interpreted in light of polymer polarity and morphology.

Naphthoxazinone lassen sich mit befriedigenden Ausbeuten in Gegenwart von Montmorillonit-Katalysator KSF/O oder dem Kationenaustauscher Lewasorb AC 10/H aus 3-Hydroxynaphthalin-2-carbonsaureamid und Aldehyden bzw. Ketonen darstellen. Wird anstelle der Oxo-Verbindungen Orthoameisensaure athylester in die Reaktion eingesetzt, dann entsteht 2-Athoxynaphthoxazinon, das auf Grund der Acetal-Teilstruktur sehr reaktiv ist und u. a. mit sek. Aminen Naphthoxazinon-Derivate mit O-N-Acetal-Teilstruktur ergibt. Die dargestellten Naphthoxazinone sind im Rattenpfotenodemtest bei o-Applikation nicht antiphlogistisch wirksam. Synthesis and Properties of Some Naphthoxazinones Naphthoxazinones can be synthesized with fair yields from 3-hydroxynaphthalene-2-carboxamides and aldehydes or ketones in the presence of the montmorillonite catalyst KSF/O or the cation exchanger Lewasorb AC 10/H. Replacement of the oxo compounds by ethyl orthoformate gives rise to 2-ethoxynaphthoxazinone which, because of its acetyl-type structure, is very reactive and with secondary amines yields naphthoxazinone derivates with O-,N-acetal structures. When administered orally, the synthesized naphthoxazinones did not exhibit antiphlogistic activity in the rat paw edema test.

Es werden einfache Anordnungen beschrieben, die die Automatisierung von Destillationskolonnen im Laboratorium ermoglichen.

BRANDT, W. H., and C. H. WANG. (Oregon State College. Corvallis.) Catabolism of C'4-labelled glucose, gluconate and acetate in Verticillium albo-atrum. Amer. Jour. Bot. 47(1): 50-53. Illus. 1960.-The major catabolic pathways of glucose in conidia from rapidly proliferating shake-cultures of Verticillium albo-trum Reinke and Berth. isolated from okra and cultured under light at 25?C. have been identified and estimated from data obtained by the radiorespirometric method. When pure oxygen was used as a sweep gas, glucose appeared to be catabolized approximately 60% via the Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas glycolysis (EMP) and 40% via phosphogluconate decarboxylation (PGD). With air as the sweep gas, about 48% of the glucose was catabolized via the EMP pathway and about 52% via the PGD pathway. Glucose was catabolized under a pure nitrogen atmosphere, but there was little PGD operating under these conditions. Gluconate was rapidly decarboxylated in the C-1 position, but only a small proportion of carbon atoms from other positions appeared in the respiratory CO2. Acetate was utilized readily in such a way that the operation of the tri-carboxylic acid cycle may be inferred. Pyruvate was used slowly because it appeared to enter the conidia slowly. LITTLE IS known about the nature of basic catabolic pathways operative in Verticillium albo-atrum Reinke and Berth. The present study was undertaken to identify the pathways of glucose catabolism and quantitatively estimate the percent of glucose catabolized by each pathway as part of an investigation of variation and differentiation in this organ

Oil-bearing formations often consist of loose sandy material. In the production of oil from these formations sand tends to be carried to the well bore along with the oil. The flow of sand can be prevented by consolidating or cementing together the sand particles of the formation around the well bore. The cementing has to be accomplished in such a manner that fluid flow channels between particles remain open. This paper describes a new three-step process that was developed to consolidate oil well sand. The steps in the process involve injection of: (1) resin, (2) inert fluid, and (3) inert fluid containing a catalyst. In the first step of the process, resin in injected into the formation where it fully saturates the interstices between sand grains. Permeability is established in the second step by displacement of the excess resin from the interstices, thereby leaving a thin film of resin on the sand grains. In the third step, polymerization is activated by migration of catalyst from the inert fluid into the thin resin film on the sand. The process has the advantage that resin is placed and permeability is established before the resin is catalyzed. This avoids premature polymerization of the resin which might cause plugging of the formation or the tubing string used to inject resin. Desirable characteristics of a resin for the three-step process are: (1) viscosity of 25–200 cp. at well bore temperature; (2) stability for several days at well bore temperature; (3) high adhesion to sand in the presence of an inert flushing fluid; (4) polymerization by less than 10% catalyst; (5) the polymerized resin binds sand together with a strong bond that is not affected by well fluids. Five different resin types have been tested for use in the three-step sand consolidation process. These are: (1) epoxy–anhydride cured with a tertiary amine; (2) epoxy–epoxy diluent cured with a primary–tertiary amine mixture; (3) furan; (4) unsaturated polyester–vinylpyrrolidone; (5) unsaturated polyester–styrene. The two epoxy resins give strong, permeable consolidated sand which is resistant to well fluids such as brine and crude oil. The furan resin gives a weak consolidation. The unsaturated polyester–vinylpyrrolidone gives good strength and oil resistance but is sensitive to brine. The unsaturated polyester–styrene is difficult to apply. Many oil wells have been successfully treated in the Gulf Coast area and in California with the two epoxy resins. Almost all of these wells are producing free of sand, and, to date, more than five million barrels of oil have been produced from these wells.

Infra-red irradiation accelerates the build-up of an avalanche in weakly n-doped Ge and increases the steady-state current. Both effects occur even if the photo-current is very small at the beginning of the avalanche or at fields below the threshold of a breakdown. The dependence on the wavelength of the breakdown current has been measured and the time dependence of the avalanche rise investigated. An explanation of the effect of the radiation has been offered. Durch Einstrahlung von Ultrarotlicht wird die Ausbildung einer Stoslawine in schwach n-dotiertem Ge beschleunigt und der Sattigungsstrom erhoht. Beide Effekte zeigen sich auch, wenn der Photostrom zu Beginn der Lawine oder bei Feldstarken unterhalb der Grenzfeldstarke des Durchbruchs noch sehr klein ist. Es wird die Abhangigkeit des Lawinenstroms von der Lichtwellenlange untersucht. Der zeitliche Verlauf des Lawinenstroms wird verfolgt und der Einflus des Lichtes auf die Entstehung der Lawine gedeutet.

Eine Apparatur wird beschrieben, die als Manostat eine Druckkonstanz < 0,02 Torr aufweist und bei veranderter Schaltung mit einem genugend empfindlichen Thermometer eine Temperaturkonstanz < 0,01 Grad bei der Messung isothermer Verdampfungsgleichgewichte ergibt.

Unter den Laboratoriumskolonnen ergeben die mit konzentrischem Ringspalt die hochste Trennscharfe bei geringem Druckabfall und Betriebsinhalt. Voraussetzung ist optimaler Betrieb.

n/a

SUMMARY Paroxysmal EEG response to photic stimulation was found in 25.8% of 120 children, mainly at school age, although less than 6% presented deviations from normality in the EEG before visual stimulation had been performed. It is warned against precipitated diagnostic conclusions from such responses in children before the age of 15. The results support the view that paroxysmal response on visual stimulation is largely dependent on constitutional factors and factors in relation to brain immaturity causing biological lability. RESUME On a constate une reaction E.E.G. paroxysmique a la stimulation lumineuse dans une proportion de 25.8% sur 120 enfants observes, la plupart en age d'ecole, bien que moins que 6% de ces enfants presentaient des deviations de la normalite dans l'E.E.G. avant que la stimulation lumineuse ait ete pratiquee. On doit se garder de tirer, a la lumiere de ces reactions, des conclusions diagnostiques precipitees pour les enfants avant l'age de 15 ans. Les resultats confirment l'idee que la reaction paroxysmique a la stimulation lumineuse depend en grande partie de facteurs constitutionnels et de facteurs en rapport avec l'immaturite du cerveau causant une labilite biologique.