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Managing Hotel Employees Achieving Wow! is a conceptual model. The process starts when employees have to serve customers with the best culture for customers. If customers start off on the right foot. It is an experience where customers feel the pleasure of interacting with employees. By linking each activity category together into a simpler system, this model creates many opportunities to repeat the cycle through customer satisfaction and loyalty. Keywords : hospitality culture, hospitality people, hospitality service cycle

This study fostered grammar learning outcomes of tenth-grade students and handled technological inclusivity by using Quizizz paper mode, especially in understanding and using simple past and present perfect tense. This study utilized four stages of classroom action research encompassing planning, implementation, observation and evaluation, and reflection, the researchers used pre-tests, post-tests, and questionnaires for collecting the data. The outcomes unveiled a substantial improvement in students' learning from 66.50 to 89.50. Furthermore, students displayed favorable reactions, affirming the power of Quizizz paper mode in addressing challenges in grammar learning due to its engaging nature, cost-effectiveness, and provision of real-time feedback. Additionally, it fostered inclusivity by allowing every student to participate, irrespective of their access to technology. Moreover, it allowed students to rest their eyes on electronic devices while combining physical and digital learning experiences. The findings of this study suggest that integrating technology-based platforms like Quizizz paper mode can enhance grammar mastery by promoting increased engagement and interactivity among students. based on those results, it is recommended that future researchers explore Quizizz paper mode for teaching various grammar topics or language skills by applying larger sample sizes and examining the prolonged impacts of this tool on students' mastery of grammar or other language skills.

Teknik pengaturan motor listrik telah berkembang sangat pesat khususnya sejak dua dekade terakhir. Pengaturan kecepatan dan torsi motor yang presisi dan cepat sudah bisa dicapai, khususnya untuk motor ac yang memiliki karakteristik nonlinier dan terkopling. Teknik estimasi untuk mengurangi sensor fisik juga berkembang sebagai upaya meningkatkan keandalan dari drive. Hal-hal di atasi dimungkinkan karena perkembangan teknologi mikroelektronika dan semikonduktor daya. Perkembangan teknologi mikroelektronika khususnya VSLAmemungkinkan pengimplementasian teknik-teknik pengaturan lanjut untuk menghasilkan sistem pengaturan motor listrik dengan unjuk kerja tinggi dan dengan perangkat keras yang ekonomis. Teknologi semikonduktor daya memungkinkan dihasilkannya konverter statis yang efisien, kompak serta ekonomis. Paper ini mencoba me-review sistem perangkat keras yang tersedia untuk mengimplementasikan pengaturan motor listrik dengan teknik digitalmotion control.

In this digital era, museum as an institution increasingly incorporates virtual technology into their exhibitions and architectural elements. The application of virtual materials in museums allows sensory variations that enrich visitors’ experience. A sense of realness needs to be considered in a museum environment, with virtual materials as its constituent elements that can arouse the emotional involvement of visitors. This paper investigates virtual materials’ applications and a sense of realness qualities in real-virtual museum architecture. It employs a qualitative research strategy with in-depth interviews and precedent studies used as data collection techniques and content analysis as its analyzing method. Study results show that the principle of immersion to arouse a sense of realness in a real-virtual museum environment includes sensory richness, interaction, and coherence. Integrating real-virtual elements can be carried out within architectural formal and spatial elements’ design. Integration with architectural formal elements includes using interactive surfaces and surface projections, while integration with architectural spatial elements includes the application of motion and audio sensors. These integrations can be implemented in architectural design by isolating virtual devices from outdoor distractions like light, sound, humidity, and temperature. Keywords: immersion; materiality; museum; realness; real-virtual Abstrak Di era digital ini, museum sebagai sebuah institusi mulai menggunakan teknologi virtual pada konten pameran dan elemen arsitekturnya. Aplikasi material virtual dalam arsitektur museum memberikan kemungkinan variasi sensoris yang memperkaya pengalaman dari para pengunjung museum. Kualitas rasa nyata atau realness perlu dipertimbangkan dalam lingkungan atau ‘arsitektur’ dengan pemanfaatan material virtual sebagai elemen penyusunnya, sehingga arsitektur ini dapat menggugah keterlibatan pengunjung secara emosional. Paper ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan keterlibatan material virtual dan kualitas rasa nyata yang sebaiknya diaplikasikan pada arsitektur real-virtual museum. Tulisan ini menerapkan strategi penelitian kualitatif, dengan memilih wawancara mendalam sebagai teknik pengumpulan data, dan konten analisis sebagai metode analisisnya. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa prinsip immersion untuk menggugah rasa nyata pada lingkungan museum real-virtual meliputi kekayaan sensoris, interaktif, serta koheren. Integrasi material virtual dan elemen arsitektur dapat dilakukan dalam lingkup elemen formal dan ruang. Integrasi dengan elemen ruang meliputi penggunaan permukaan interaktif dan proyeksi permukaan, sedangkan integrasi dengan ruang meliputi aplikasi sensor gerak dan audio. Integrasi ini bisa diimplementasikan dalam desain arsitektur dengan mengisolasi perangkat virtual dari distraksi outdoor termasuk visual cahaya, suara, kelembapan, dan suhu dari ruang luar. Kata kunci: immersion; materialitas; museum; realness; real-virtual

This paper aimed to explore out how the dimensions of experiential marketing have been applied in the official Indonesian tourism website. It is the qualitative paper which basically focuses on content analysis, data were obtained through literature documents (journals and articles) and internet documents. The dimensions discussed on engaging all five senses, creating link with customers, creating surprise, themes the experience (giving a clear message) and memorability. Basing on the way the website operates, the findings show that, the dimensions towards implementing the experiential marketing while promoting and advertising the attractions in Indonesia is fulfilled. The paper shows how the internet revolutionary has changed the way of marketing the tourism products when experiential marketing is well utilized. The purpose of this paper was to find out whether the experiential marketing via website is done right or not and the result showed ,the dimensions are followed and applied but not smarter as it was expected, there is need to have more research which will account how many consumers visit the destinations due to the role played by the website, to this point the paper can help the academicians to conduce more researches on this point, the government and other policy makers will be helped by the paper to amend and do some improvements on the way of running the website. For example, some of the destinations are not well described, meaning no clear details concerning the destinations especially to the new customers who visit the website for the first time.

Interrogative sentences are deployed to perform speech acts of asking questions or making requests. Interestingly, the syntax of interrogatives in Yorùbá has attracted the attention of many researchers in the language (Ìl??rí, 2010: ?lá?rewájú & Táíwò, 2020: ?lá?rewájú 2022). However, the correct feature specification and syntactic behaviour of question nouns (hence, QNs) are yet to be given adequate attention. Some of the extant works in the language equate QNs in Yorùbá with wh-phrases of English and some other Indo-European languages, This paper, within the confines of the Chomsky’s Minimalist Program, discusses the two existing views on how constituent interrogatives involving QNs are clause-typed (the traditional opinion hypothesizing that QNs are the question makers in constituent interrogatives while the other position holds the views that an abstract question morpheme clause-types a sentence as a constituent question). This paper lays some claims to support the traditional position that a clause is typed a constituent question by the transfer of the question force [QF] on a QN to the Inter0 through specifier and head agreement. Primary and secondary data were collected and subjected to syntactic analysis. QNs in the language are ta ‘who’ and kí ‘what’, èló ‘how much’, mélòó ‘how many’ and so on. Polysyllabic QNs are derivational in the language. Yorùbá content word questions, relative clauses, adverbials and so on are not signalled in wh-encripts unlike English. The language operates different functional heads to clause-type them.

Before new trends emerge after the COVID pandemic is over, this paper aims to examine the development of recent research trends in the theories and methods applied to studies of local communities' behaviours towards environmental protection in the years 2018–2021. This paper presents a review of more than one thousand local communities' environmental conservation behaviours that was published between 2018 and 2021. The purpose of this research is to achieve its objective. Following that, content analysis was performed on the articles that were pertinent. In order to clarify, categorise, and interpret the current research on rural tourism definitions and applications, a classification scheme and an extensive literature review have been presented in this article. Both of these elements are presented in this paper. A total of 38 academic papers from 25 different journals published between the years 2018 and 2021 are included in this review's classification scheme. These papers are organised according to their use of one of five primary keywords: local, community, environmental, conservation, or behaviour. The fact that the articles under consideration in this research were only found in the Scopus database represents a potential limitation of the bibliometric mapping. This research contributes to the existing body of knowledge by conducting a bibliometric review of studies that have already investigated locals' perspectives on tourism, and this review adds to the tourism literature by analysing the growing trend of looking at how different communities' actions affect environmental protection. Future research on these trends can be guided by identifying where the gaps in knowledge currently exist.

This paper aims to discuss the view of Japanese youths on the discourse against Kimi ga Yo, especially in the setting of international sport competitions. It is a qualitative-research that uses the open model survey technique to obtain the primary data from the Japanese youths aged 20 to 22. The result of this paper shows that the discourse against Kimi ga Yo does not implicate towards the youths’ view in the present days of Japan. It also highlights the youths’ ignorance on the literal meaning of the lyrics and their emphasis on the function of Kimi ga Yo as a national anthem. Keywords: Kimi ga Yo, critical discourse analysis, Japanese youths

In several big cities in Indonesia, there are numerous cases of abandoned buildings due to delays in the construction process. Some of these buildings even remain abandoned and underused for an extended period. In line with this condition, cities experience a high level of urbanization that cause places tremendous pressure on urban spaces, especially green open spaces. This paper discusses Parasitic Architecture as an alternative design approach to address this issue. It proposes to use abandoned buildings as public facilities and is presented in sections. First, it reviews the concepts and principles of Parasitic Architecture, followed by observational studies using a contextual analysis to explore the context and function of abandoned buildings. The exploration results indicate a potential to apply Parasitic Architecture's concepts and principles in redesigning abandoned buildings and turning them into public facilities, particularly into green open spaces. In this context, the paper views Parasitic Architecture plays a vital role in providing innovative spatial and structural configurations to reorient the use of unused buildings for public functions. Keywords: abandoned building; contextual analysis; parasitic architecture; green open space Abstrak Di beberapa kota besar di Indonesia, banyak kasus bangunan terbengkalai akibat adanya kemunduran dalam proses konstruksi. Beberapa dari bangunan tersebut malahan terlalaikan dan tidak dimanfaatkan dalam jangka waktu yang lama. Seiring dengan permasalahan ini, kota-kota besar mengalami peningkatan jumlah urbanisasi yang menyebabkan ruang perkotaan semakin berkurang termasuk untuk ruang terbuka hijau kota. Paper ini membahas bagaimana parasitic architecture digunakan sebagai pendekatan perancangan untuk merespon permasalahan dengan memanfaatkan bangunan terbengkalai agar dapat berfungsi kembali dan dijadikan sebagai fasilitas atau ruang publik. Pertama, dilakukan kajian teori tentang konsep dan prinsip parasitic architecture, dilanjutkan dengan mengeksplorasi konteks dan fungsi bangunan terbengkalai melalui studi observasi dengan analisis kontekstual. Hasil eksplorasi menjelaskan terdapat potensi untuk menerapkan konsep dan prinsip parasitic architecture dalam perancangan kembali bangunan terbengkalai menjadi fasilitas publik, khususnya ruang terbuka hijau. Dalam konteks ini, parasitic architecture dipandang sebagai pendekatan perancangan berperan penting dalam pengadaan konfigurasi ruang dan struktur inovatif yang mampu mengalihkan bangunan terbengkalai menjadi ruang berfungsi publik. Kata kunci: bangunan terbengkalai; analisis kontesktual; parasitic architecture; ruang terbuka hijau

This paper is a description of the ideological struggle in the spirituality of Balinese society in the middle Bali Period which was articulated through discourse as a discursive. The choice of such a topic departs from a perception of the typology of Balinese society which is assumed to have spiritual stability, but instead experiences ideological struggles in this realm as indicated by the phenomenon of the middle Bali period. The phenomenon of spirituality is elaborated as a problem which includes the form and the implications of ideological struggles in the spirituality of the Balinese people of the Middle Bali Period. The explanation of the variables in this paper uses critical discourse theory which refers to Foucault's view. The results of the study reveal that the forms of the spirituality of Balinese society in the middle Bali Period include strengtheningteachings of Shiva and strengthening the Shiva-Buddhist concept. Meanwhile, the implications of the struggle include appreciation of the authority of Shiva Sidhanta's teachings and degradation of cognition of "Shiva Bhujangga" teachings. Keywords: the struggle of ideology, spirituality, Balinese society, and the Middle Bali Period

This paper discusses the cultural phenomenon of urban women in the modern era that gives rise to a lifestyle in an effort to maintain health. The lives of women in urban areas have a need to take care of skin health. One way to treat it is to buy beauty care products or skincare. The behavior that appears with a variety of beauty and skincare products makes it a cultural necessity. The emergence of dependence on beauty clinics and various beauty products cannot be separated from the identity of women in urban areas. This paper is based on the results of a qualitative research method with a phenomenological approach. Based on key informants the knowledge and needs of skin health are influenced by the media and popular culture. The need for skin health through skincare products affects the beauty standards of modern women in urban areas.

This paper contains a Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) analysis of the apology text of the CEO of Better.com. Vishal Garg. He apologized for his dismissal of 900 staff through a zoom meeting. This analysis is carried out through an appraisal framework to show feelings, judgment or appreciation for things, people, behavior or idea¬¬s expressed by Vishal Garg through his apology letter. The research method used in this paper is a mixture of qualitative and quantitative methods. 23 expressions were used in this analysis, and the majority of the attitudinal resources that are found in the letter is affect (47,83%), then followed by judgment (30,43%), and the least is appreciation (21,74%). As a results, Vishal had shown his positive emotion toward his staff and positive emotion toward his company in the future. Besides affect, Vishal also expresses his emotions through judgment. The comparison of positive and negative judgments shown from the results of the analysis is only one difference. The most of which are positive ones, and the least of which are appreciations which are all positive.

In every destination, crisis could be affecting the global tourism industry sector. Gurtner. Y (2007) assert that crisis management as a science, is still in its infancy largely due to the difficulties in standardizing, measuring, and comparing one crisis situation with another. Usually crisis related to political issues, economic or social situation at the destination and distributed all over the world through numerous media channels. This paper aimed at providing a combination concept of crisis management and ergonomic perspective. A model came to this study to answer the phenomenon of crisis management on tourist destination. By providing a literature-based overview on how a decline in visitor numbers due to crisis management and the destination do not implement the ergonomic components; an integrative model designed to know the answer why the numbers of visitor declined to tourist destination and why the income from tourism sectors decreased. The paper provides a literature-based theoretical and it implementation to Bali as tourist destination such as: (1) the type of tourism crisis in Bali as a favorite tourist destination; (2) the tourism product and services of Bali tourism from ergonomic perspective; (3) the relationship of crisis and its supporting product and services for Bali tourism from ergonomic perspective; (4) the phenomenon crisis and its tourism development from ergonomic perspectives to quality and sustainability of Bali tourism; (5) an integrated model of crisis and ergonomic to quality tourism and Bali sustainability. Keywords: Tourism Crisis, Ergonomic Destination, Tourism Development, Travel Management

Mushaf lipat Abu is a manuscript given by a collector from Jakarta named Abu in 2018. The purpose of this paper is to findi out the contents and describe and introduce the mushaf lipat because of the uniqueness of the manuscripts and to add studies to the Nusantara manuscripts using philological theory. Mushaf lipat Abu was studied using philological theory and translation theory. The method used for data collection is a catalog study method and a field study method with a note-taking technique whose purpose is to find a manuscript whether there are variants. The method used in analyzing the data is the standard method of single manuscript edition and the method of presentation is descriptive analytical method. The results showed that the mushaf lipat is a codex unicus because it is not contained in the catalog that the researcher refers to. Mushaf lipat consists of two main materials, namely wood and paper, mushaf lipat contains four letters in the Qur'an, namely Al-Fatihah as an opening letter, As-Sajdah, Ad-Duha, and Al-Ikhlas.

There is evidence that contemporary Nigeria is drifting towards a society of monolingual English users, a component of which could be defined as lacking in ethno-linguistic identity. This trend is found among a generation of young Nigerian urban dwellers (between the age bracket of (12 and 25) who can neither communicate in their parents’ native language(s)nor in any other Nigerian indigenous language; their only medium of communication is English. Although based on their childhood exposure to the English language and their relative competence in it, English can be described as their ‘‘mother tongue’’ but the fact that they are not native speakers given the socio-geographical circumstances of their birth excludes them from Kachru’s (1988) Inner Circle classification of native speakers. Consequently, these Nigerians are left without a clearly defined ethno-linguistic affiliation. This paper interrogates this emerging sociolinguistic phenomenon in especially Central Nigeria, with the aim of stimulating scholarly consciousness on the ethno-linguistic identity of this category of Nigerians, and its implications for English usage among them. The submission of the paper is that another circle, “the intersecting circle”, be created for them since they bestride both the inner circle in having English as their “mother tongue” and yet they are not native speakers of the language.

The contention that Bali has been imagined in the context of tourism and that these images do not necessarily correspond to the realities of the destination is not entirely new. However, what this paper argues is that imaginings have occurred over time and began well before the advent of tourism, before becoming incorporated into a more fully developed and more globally recognised tourism image with many elements of the ‘tourist gaze’. These gazes are not just externally derived, but also owe a lot to local imaginings of what Bali might be, namely the notion that Bali is some kind of heir to the renowned Hindu-Javanese kingdom of Majapahit based in Java. This paper traces the evolution of these images blending earlier reports of seafarers, colonial administrators both Dutch and British, as well as artists who have lived on the island, into the world of the contemporary media-scape.

Environmental problems are complex things that they are very influential on all components in the ecosystem. One of the environmental problems is caused by the production of waste that is not treated properly, for example in the hotel industry. Tourism is one of the activities that produce various kinds of waste, both environmentally friendly and not. Products that are not environmentally friendly can pollute the environment if they do not handled properly. Alila Villas Uluwatu (AVU) is one of hotels in Bali that are committed to environmentally friendly and efforts to protect the environment by minimizing waste production. The objective of this research was to find out AVU's strategies in protecting the environment, especially in handling the resulting inorganic waste, such as glass, paper and plasctics. The method utilized in data collection on this study was through conducting interview, direct observation in the field and examination of related documents. Data analysis was performed descriptively, either in qualitative and quantitative forms. The results showed that the waste management strategy in AVU included efforts to minimize inorganic waste production and by using more environmentally friendly materials such as toothbrushes with wooden handles, paper straws and bamboo straws.

Pomegranate (Punica granatum) is a fruit-bearing shrub with a rich history of traditional use in various medicinal systems. This review paper aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the botanical profile, medicinal properties, and applications of pomegranate. Additionally, it explores its significance in traditional medicine systems, including Ayurveda, Chinese medicine, American Indian medicine, and the Usadha Taru Premana palm manuscript—a revered Balinese medicinal palm manuscript, and The Holy Quran. The review highlights the active compounds, therapeutic potential, regional variations, cultivation, culinary uses, and its emerging role in the tourism and wellness industry.

Global warming is contributed by human activities in many sectors. The sector that contributes significantly to generating carbon emissions is transportation sector. An effort to reduce carbon emissions is by utilizing PV panels on vehicle’s body surface. This paper reviews the development of vehicle-mounted PV panels around the world. The review covers technical specifications, manufacturer, and function of the PV panel on the vehicle. The objective is to get insight on the current development of vehicle with PV panels. The information presented in this paper is expected to provide updates for stakeholders in the field of renewable energy and land transportation in Indonesia. Also, this information can be used as a reference for further research on vehicle with PV panels both in Indonesia or elsewhere that are developing future environmentally-friendly vehicle. The result is a database consists of 948 vehicle which has solar PV around the body of the vehicle. 936 vehicles or about 99% were made for solar car race and only 1% for commercial and prototype. The solar PV system serves as a main or auxiliary power supply of the vehicle depending on whether they are hybrid or fully electric cars.

Tourism is one of the leading and most dynamic sectors of the world economy, and for its rapid pace, it is recognized as the economic phenomenon of the century. Modern tourism is an increasingly intensive, business-oriented, and commercially organized group of activities, and tourism marketing is becoming ever more important for a destination’s competitiveness. In this context, our research aims to analyze and synthesize the challenges marketing of tourist destinations is facing. The approach taken in this paper is to assess the related literature and focus on the key points for future research on tourism marketing. We argue that destination marketing must lead to the optimization of the effects of tourism and the achievement of national tourism organizations' strategic goals. This paper contributes to marketing professionals and academics, pointing out the uniqueness of tourism marketing.

Background: Background: Distal pancreatectomy is the conventional intervention for neoplasms located in the body and tail of the pancreas. In recent years, robot-assisted distal pancreatectomy (RDP) and laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (LDP) have gained traction, nevertheless, comparative multicenter studies validating the safety and efficacy of RDP are insufficient. This systematic review and meta-analysis seeks to compare the surgical outcomes of robot-assisted distal pancreatectomy (RPD versus laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy (LPD). Methods: We conducted a search of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library to discover papers and trials published between 2019 and 2024. The findings of this study encompassed operation duration, intraoperative bleeding and postoperative pancreatic fistula. We utilized Revman 5.4.2 to do the meta-analysis. Results: Eight studies were analyzed, involving 1,085 patients, with 436 getting robot-assisted distal pancreatectomy and 649 undergoing laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy. Our data indicate that robot-assisted distal pancreatectomy is linked with a reduction in operative time, with a mean difference (MD) of 20.67 (95% CI [4.73, 36.61], p = 0.01), and a decrease in intra-operative blood loss, with an MD of -23.43 (95% CI [-36.14, -10.73], p = 0.0003). Our findings indicate that robot-assisted distal pancreatectomy is related with an increased risk of postoperative pancreatic fistula formation, with a relative risk of 1.16 (95% CI [0.84, 1.61], p = 0.36). Conclusion: This study indicated that robot-assisted distal pancreatectomy was associated with decreased operational duration and intraoperative hemorrhage. Further research is needed to corroborate these findings.

Background: Laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) become the standard for treatment of appendicitis in many countries, offering benefits such as quick recovery, fewer postoperative complications, and good cosmetic outcomes. Minimally invasive surgical techniques like single-port laparoscopic appendectomy (SPLA) are increasingly performed for better cosmetic results. However, the outcomes and safety of this technique compared to conventional three-port laparoscopic appendectomy (CTLA) still debated among experts. To compare the outcomes between SPLA and CTLA in adult appendicitis, focusing on outcomes such as postoperative wound infection rates, operating time, and surgical costs. Methods: Comprehensive search through various online databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Cochrane, and Google Scholar from 2014-2024 was performed. This research was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Oxford Evidence-Based Medicine criteria to assess the quality of the paper. Articles that fulfilled the eligibility criteria were retrieved and extracted for study characteristics and outcomes. Results: Four studies met the inclusion criteria, 434 patients undergoing either SPLA or CTLA procedures. There were no significant differences in complication rates such as wound infection and ileus between the two techniques. Conclusion: The SPLA technique is safe and reliable option with advantages in better cosmetic outcomes and shorter hospital stay duration, despite requiring longer operating time compared to CTLA.

Background: Acute limb ischemia (ALI) is a rapid reduction in arterial blood flow to a limb, which may jeopardize its viability, particularly in sensory loss or motor impairment. Catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) is the preferred treatment in numerous centers for patients with marginally threatening acute limb ischemia (ALI). This meta-analysis examined the short-term effects of catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) for patients with non-imminent limb ischemia. Methods: We searched PubMed, ScienceDirect, and the Cochrane Library to locate observational papers and trials published from 2014 up to early 2024 that report on the outcomes of CDT in patients with ALI. The outcome of this study was mortality rate, amputation rate, and major bleeding. We utilized R Studio to perform the meta-analysis. Results: Nine trials were included, involving 1,067 patients receiving CDT for non-imminent acute limb ischemia. Our results indicate that the pooled mean short-term amputation rate was 10% (95% CI [0.06; 0.15], p < 0.01), the major bleeding rate was 5% (95% CI [0.00; 0.09], p = 0.03), and the short-term death rate was 4% (95% CI [0.03; 0.06], p = 0.08). Our findings indicate a low incidence of short-term death, amputation, and major bleeding in patients undergoing CDT. Conclusion: This meta-analysis reveals a low incidence of short-term mortality, amputation, and major bleeding in patients undergoing Catheter-directed thrombolysis. Further investigations are necessary to determine if CDT should be utilized for the revascularization of limbs with non-urgent ischemia.

Although thematic museums centered around food culture and culinary heritage have been around for decades, the concept of food museum is still fairly new in Southeast Asia. Only in 2015, the first food-oriented museum – “Wonder Food Museum” was established in Penang, Malaysia. Since its establishment, the museum has received positive feedback from both local and international visitors. From 2017 to 2019, the museum has been selected as the recipient of the Certificate of Excellence by international well renowned Travel organization - TripAdvisor Inc. Meanwhile, the museum’s contribution to the state’s cultural and tourism development has also been recognized by the state authority. In 2017 and 2019, the museum was awarded the ‘Top Museum Award (Unique Concept)’, and ‘Best Tourism (Museum)Award’ by the INPenang International Awards respectively. By and large, Wonder Food Museum is currently one of the most outstanding museums in Malaysia and a wellknown attraction in Penang. In this paper, to response on the research scholarly interest in museum tourism in Southeast Asia, the researcher has made an attempt to document the development of Wonder Food Museum from 2015 to 2019. The museum’s curatorial concept, exhibits production, exhibition planning and its overall management will be discussed and analyzed. As the aforementioned this paper will provide insights into an understanding of food museum’s development in Malaysia. Keywords: Food museum, food culture, culinary heritage, Malaysia’s museum, museum tourism, interactive museum

Measles is an acute highly contagious disease caused by Paramyxovirus. Measles is considered as a dangerous disease because it cause complications, brain and other organs damage, lifelong disability, paralysis and even death. In the previous studies, it was known that the spread of measles highly dependent on number of infected individuals so it is necessary to control measles through treatment. In this paper, we study about the application of the optimal control theory on the system of differential equations of the SIR endemic model. Determination of the optimal control is obtained through the application of the Pontryagin minimum principle. The main target in this paper is to find a unique optimal control where the optimal control can be described as an efficiency rate of treatment in individuals infected with measles to decrease the number of infected individuals.

Corpus provides a significant amount of data that can be utilised to retrieve actual language use, especially for teaching English for academic purposes. Accordingly, exploring academic English verbs (AEVs) across five disciplines, i.e., tourism, business, linguistics, management, and cultural studies, is essential. Further, it is also crucial to compare AEVs against Coxhead’s Academic Word List (AWL). A personalised corpus was built from 100 Scopus-indexed paper abstracts to achieve these objectives. Subsequently, the AntConc software was employed to retrieve AEVs. The study discovered that the top 50 AEVs varied across five disciplines and had similarities and differences, representing the characteristics and uniqueness of each field of study. The AEVs generated from the established corpus also appeared in Coxhead’s AWL. Consequently, the findings generated by this study are worth teaching, especially to EFL students, to robust the richness of verbs for academic purposes. Consequently, pedagogical implications are also described further in this study. Keywords: academic article abstracts, academic English verbs, corpus linguistics, English for academic purposes

The development of journalism is not only related to the media changing from paper to digital. However, the high demand for online news production and the speed of publication also influence the changes in online news headlines. This research discusses the changes in online news headlines in 2013 and 2023. This study employed qualitative-quantitative methodology. The uninvolved conversation observation technique was applied in collecting the data, while the distributional and identity methods were used to analyze the data. The data source was obtained from Detik.com during the first weeks of 2013 and 2023. The theory used was Van Dijk's critical discourse theory. The results demonstrated that the changes in news headlines in 2013 and 2023 included differences in the number of words, type of sentence, syntactic patterns, use of affixations, use of prepositions, use of punctuation, negation, mention of names, presence of interjections, presence of slang words, and use of onomatopoeic.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the existence, uniqueness, and stability solution to a non-linear system of integro-differential equations by using both methods Picard approximation and Banach fixed point theorem. The existence, uniqueness, and stability theorems are established under necessary and sufficient conditions of closed and bounded domain.

The idea behind the world exhibitions event was to promote international trade by exhibiting goods, colonial achievements, and the identities of the colonies. However, Georg Simmel’s notes in “The Berlin Trade Exhibition” showed that the exhibitions developed during the nineteenth century specifically responded to the competitive demands of the industrial mode and money economy. Thus, the purpose of the world exhibition is not merely as an annual fair; rather, it has socioeconomic and cultural aspects represented by the colony on a smaller scale. A similar pattern was also found in the Colonial Exhibition of Semarang. As one of the biggest exhibitions held in Southeast Asia in the early 20th century, the exhibition displayed the Dutch Colonial’s highest achievement in the Dutch East Indies. It represents modern life's industrial and technological advancement and temporarily serves as the center of world civilization. Yet there is a distinct contrast between the natives and European visitors, which causes a contradiction between modernism and traditionalism exhibited in the exhibition. This paper examines Koloniale Tentoonstelling Semarang as the representation of an industrial city and an attraction for a touristic destination. It aims to investigate how world exhibitions served not only as platforms for promoting international trade but also as reflections of the socioeconomic and cultural dynamics of the time. Keywords: exhibition; colonial; Semarang; Sentiling; Tentoonstelling Abstrak Gagasan di balik kegiatan world exhibitions adalah untuk mempromosikan perdagangan internasional dengan memamerkan barang, pencapaian kolonial, dan identitas koloni. Namun, catatan Georg Simmel dalam “The Berlin Trade Exhibition” menunjukkan bahwa pameran yang dikembangkan di abad kesembilan belas secara khusus menanggapi tuntutan kompetitif industri dan ekonomi. Oleh karena itu, tujuan pameran dunia bukan hanya sebagai pameran tahunan; namun juga memiliki aspek sosial, ekonomi, dan budaya yang diwakili oleh koloni dalam skala yang lebih kecil. Pola serupa juga ditemukan dalam Pameran Kolonial Semarang. Sebagai salah satu eksibisi terbesar yang diselenggarakan di Asia Tenggara di awal abad ke-20, pameran ini menampilkan pencapaian tertinggi Kolonial Belanda di Hindia Belanda. Hal ini mencerminkan kemajuan industri dan teknologi kehidupan modern yang ditampilkan untuk sementara waktu sebagai pusat peradaban dunia. Namun terdapat kondisi yang mencolok antara penduduk asli dan pengunjung dari Eropa, sehingga menimbulkan kontradiksi antara modernisme dan tradisionalisme yang dipamerkan dalam pameran ini. Tulisan ini akan mengkaji Koloniale Tentoonstelling Semarang sebagai representasi kota industri dan daya tarik destinasi wisata. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki bagaimana pameran dunia tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai wadah untuk mempromosikan perdagangan internasional tetapi juga sebagai cerminan dinamika sosial ekonomi dan budaya pada saat itu. Kata kunci: pameran; kolonial; Semarang; Sentiling; Tentoonstelling

Researching travel trends of new generations is the first step for tourism providers towards modifying their offers in order to match target markets’ needs. The above represents this paper’s primary purpose. The motivation and behavior of the new generations, also known as Millennials or Generation Y and Post-Millennials or Generation Z, influence the contemporary tourism characteristics. They are both more than familiar with recent technology trends and usage. There are two main goals of this paper. The first is to determine the behavior of Generation Y and Z members during their stay in the tourist destination and their preferences in terms of company, accommodation and transport options. The second goal of this paper focuses on exploring the behavior of the Y and Z generation members related the dissemination of information about their stay in a tourist destination. Questions covered issues regarding review writing about a tourist destination or accommodation, the timing of writing - during or after returning from a tourist destination, the announcement of their travel intentions on social networks etc. A significant number of respondents post on social media and write online reviews regarding their travel experiences. The originality of the papers steams from the insufficient studies of the topic. The research methodology applied an online survey as the main research instrument. The main limitations are related to the minor geographical area researched. Keywords: online tourism behavior, generation Y, generation Z, buying behavior in tourism, visit phase, post purchase behavior in tourism.

Systemic Functional Linguistic offers a model of approach in analyzing discourse concerning to reveal how language is used to negotiated meaning. Research paper, also known as research article presents Jokowi Dodo’s Inauguration speech in terms of Ideational, interpersonal and textual meaning. Therefore, this study aimed to explain the realization of Ideational, Interpersonal and Textual Meaning in Inauguration speech. Descriptive qualitative Research design was used in this study with one Jokowi Dodo’s text speech taken as the subject of analysis . The findings revealed that the meanings were realized by the president’s language choice. Ideational meaning realized in research paper showed that the president presented his future dreams in state of doing through relational process and material process with help of other process types. However, Interpersonal meaning realized in the research paper showed that the research paper was carrying the speech role as giving information. Textual meaning was realized through the use of the speech opening and giving appreciate to participants who attended in Inauguration speech and also hopes to all participants. The realization of the meaning also could give benefit to participant and researcher in having guideline when they are giving speech in public area.

This paper explained falia ‘taboo’ in kaghati in the Muna Speech Community (MSC) from the ecolinguistic perspective. The kite ‘kaghati’ is one type of the traditional games and a tribal cultural product in MSC which still exists and remains maintained. The forms of interaction, interrelation, and the interdependence in MSC with the natural and socio-cultural environments are recorded in falia’s ke-kaghati-an.The problem in this paper is to answer the question what expression in falia’s ke-kaghati-an is used to express environment in MSC. The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze the falia expressions found in ke-kaghati-an’s environment. This research is classified as a qualitative descriptive study as it describes the phenomena of falia expressions and environmental knowledge, especially the ones currently used in ke-kaghati-an’s environment, and the source of natural data as a manifestation of the Muna's socio-cultural-ecological life. Falia’s ke-kaghati-an is such a magical expression of magical value that MSC, especially the kaghati maker, feels afraid of breaking it.The expression of falia’s ke-kaghati-an teaches the belief in God, gratitude, balance of life, discipline, justice, honesty, orderliness, beauty, tolerance, and mutual respect. Falia is one way in which MSC shows their adherence to the local wisdom values, especially with regard to the environmental conservation that has been inherited from the ancestors since a long time ago. Conservation of the wealth of the expression of falia in MSC is very important, for both the sustainability of the Muna language and the conservation of kaghati with its traditions and culture, which is preserved in the meaning and cultural values ??of the past heritage as part of itspersonal identity, especially for the younger generation.

This paper is entitled Analysis of Slangs Used by Characters in Movie Script “I Hope They Serve Beer in Hell”. The aims of this study are to identify and classify based on the types of slang word, this paper also described the context of situation of slang used in the movie script I Hope They Serve Beer in Hell. The data source was taken from the movie script I Hope They Serve Beer in Hell (2009). The data collection was conducted through library research method and note taking technique. The first step was done through reading attentively, noting the slang word, and classifying based on the types of slang and context of situation. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive qualitative method with the theory of Allan and Burridge (2006) for types of slang and theory of context of situation proposed by Holmes (2013). The result of analysis shows that there are four types of slang used by character in I Hope They Serve Beer in Hell movie script. Meanwhile, for the context of situation there are four components. The meaning behind each slang words and phrases in I Hope They Serve Beer in Hell movie script depends on the context of situation. Besides, the interpretation of meaning takes important roles in the analysis.

Translation plays an important role in bridging the gaps between different culture and nations. Translation is not an easy process since no two languages have identical linguistic system and culture. The difference of linguistic systems and culture in two languages made the translation cannot be an exact equivalent transferred from the source language into the target language. This paper aims to describe the translation equivalent of the lexical cohesion found in The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes; and to identify the effects of shift of cohesion in translation of The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes and its translation. In this paper qualitative descriptive method is used to describe or analyze the data of shift of cohesion in translation. The finding shows that the lexical cohesion in the text is built by a number of repetitions, synonymy, near-synonymy, superordinate, general word and collocation. Shifts of cohesion found in the novel are shifts in the level of explicitness and shifts in the textual meaning(s).

Peace tourism is becoming an emerging trend in the millennial era. It produces new dimensions of peace as well as tourism. Therefore, the concept of peace tourism is considered as a very broad concept with multiple aspects and there is no common agreed definition of peace tourism. The numerous facets of peace tourism are designed to lead “positive peace”, a term coined by Johan Galtung (1996). Post-war Sri Lanka is in a position of achieving positive peace through reconciliation. In this theoretical and empirical background, this paper is going to examine the problems and prospects of peace tourism in post-war Sri Lanka. What is peace tourism in the millennial era and how can it help achieve positive peace in Sri Lanka? These questions will be addressed in this paper while examining the relationship between peace tourism and reconciliation policies in post-war Sri Lanka. The research design of this study is based upon the Hermeneutic approach, apost-positivist research methodology. Other research methods of the study include key Informant Interview (KII) and content analysis methods. Key Words: Peace Tourism, Positive Peace, Post-war Sri Lanka, Reconciliation, Tourism in Millennial Era, Development.

Abstrak – A research on the use of chitosan as an adsorbent of silver (Ag) on the photography fixer waste from hospital has been carried out. Chitosan used was in the form of powder and membrane. Chitosan powder used was 0.5 g, 1 g, 2 g and 5 g, and the membrane used was a 2% chitosan membrane of 5 g. The adsorbent materials added to 50 mL of fixer waste and soaked for 24 hours. The Whatmann filter paper was also used by filtering method. The results showed that the 2% chitosan membrane of 5 g gave the highest silver adsorption percentage of 95.99%. The percentage of adsorption by chitosan powder of 0.5, 1, 2 and 5 g were 4.41%, 6.43%, 7.82% and 36.42% respectively. While the percentage of silver adsorption by Whatman filter paper was 0.05%. The used of chitosan in the form of membrane is the most effective adsorbent of silver on photographic fixer wastes.