296 results
Search Results
2. Greater Autonomy through Closer Relations with China? Revisiting Turkey-China Engagement.
- Author
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Tekdal, Veysel
- Subjects
- *
GREAT powers (International relations) , *POWER (Social sciences) , *DIPLOMACY , *POLITICAL leadership ,DEVELOPING countries ,EUROPE-United States relations - Abstract
China has evolved into an important provider of resources for developing countries, encompassing capital, know-how and expertise. China has also actively worked to strengthen diplomatic ties with developing regions since the early 2000s. Against this backdrop, the governments in many developing countries have moved to incorporate China as a significant factor in their geopolitical and geoeconomic considerations. Under the rule of the Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, AKP), Turkey has also sought to foster relations with China, particularly since the early 2010s. This pursuit has been further triggered by Ankara's strained relations with the United States and the European Union. Turkish political leadership envisions China as a potentially crucial partner that could enhance the country's autonomy in relation to the West. While this expectation has not entirely materialized so far, there is an ongoing debate regarding the extent to which China can potentially be a transformative actor in Turkey's position within the international order. This paper contributes to this debate by locating Turkey-China engagement within a broader context of China's power and influence in the developing world. The paper suggests that the potential for Turkey's cooperation with China is likely to remain relatively limited for the foreseeable future. This is not only due to Turkey's deeply rooted ties with the West, but also because of the nature of China's global power, which is more partial and not as deep as commonly assumed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Sostenibilidad, cambio climático y ¿biodiversidad?: el apoyo de las redes municipales transnacionales a la gobernanza medioambiental.
- Author
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Ruiz-Campillo, Xira
- Subjects
- *
NETWORK governance , *BIODIVERSITY , *TREATIES , *SUSTAINABLE development , *LOCAL elections , *GENEROSITY ,PARIS Agreement (2016) - Abstract
The paper identifies the links between transnational municipal networks and international agreements in the environmental arena. It is taken for granted that transnational municipal networks support global environmental action and the process of sustainable development, in particular giving access to resources, with technical support and knowledge, but to what extent international agreements such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Paris Agreement, or the Convention on Biological Diversity guide the action of these networks? The research resorts to content analysis to examine the goals, mission, and published documents of two networks in particular, ICLEI and Mercosur, in the search for clear connections with the intergovernmental level. The paper contributes to the understanding of the role of transnational municipal networks in environmental governance, identifying through abductive reasoning the diffusion of norm from the international to the local level and underlining the importance of the role of international, national and local actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. ALGORITMO SOCIAL DE ELECCIÓN: ALTERNATIVA AL DETERMINISMO NEOCLÁSICO.
- Author
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Rosas Sánchez, Gabriel Alberto and Vera Gómez, Ernesto Xavier
- Subjects
- *
NEOCLASSICAL school of economics , *CONSUMPTION (Economics) , *INDIVIDUALISM , *ECONOMIC decision making , *EMOTIONS , *SOCIOECONOMICS - Abstract
Neoclassical economics has established itself as the discipline of rational choice. Consequently, under methodological individualism and in the context of consumption, an agent's choice is based on the ordering of preferences determined exogenously, disregarding any emotional, biological influences, or factors from socio-economic dynamics. Therefore, this paper aims to present an alternative framework for the decision-making of economic individuals at a theoretical and formal-mathematical level, grounded in the principles of evolutionary economics and complex adaptive systems. It is argued that the process of making choices in consumption is inherent to social dynamics. From an individual-holistic perspective, the mechanism motivating action can be characterized as an evolutionary algorithm that integrates biological, historical, cultural, social class, and market competition influences as endogenous elements in determining choice and consumption behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. A Turquia enquanto potência regional: uma análise da estratégia turca para o continente africano a partir dos anos 2000.
- Author
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Ziebell de Oliveira, Guilherme and Losekann, Raquel Zaffari
- Subjects
- TURKEY, AFRICA
- Abstract
This article aims to analyze the Turkish foreign policy towards the African continent in the 21st century. With the end of the Cold War and the world order centered on a bipolar logic, Turkey has had greater autonomy to manage its international relations, maintaining a more active foreign policy by expanding its economic, diplomatic, and security affairs beyond the West. In this context, under the leadership of the Justice and Development Party (AKP), the African continent has come to occupy an increasingly prominent place in Turkish foreign relations. Thus, since the early 2000s, there has been a substantial increase in Turkey's presence on the continent, characterized, among other aspects, by the intensification of bilateral trade flows, the expansion of the diplomatic network on the continent, its participation in the mediation of conflicts and the offer of humanitarian assistance to African actors. In this context, and based on the literature on Middle Powers and Regional Powers, this paper discusses the intensification of Turkey's ties with African countries since the beginning of the 21st century, comprehending it as part of a broader international projection strategy. To this end, the study adopts a hermeneutic approach, relying on the literature review on Turkish-African relations and the analysis, supported by quantitative data, of the developments of these relations in the political, economic, and security axes throughout the period in question. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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6. BUENAS PRÁCTICAS DE LAS UNIVERSIDADES A NIVEL MUNDIAL EN EL ABORDAJE DE LAS BRECHAS DE GENERO EN LA PRODUCCIÓN ACADÉMICA.
- Author
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CORTÉS TORRES, MARÍA ANGÉLICA, GARZÓN AUDOR, MARIA ALEJANDRA, RESTREPO RUIZ, SANDRA MILENA, and VEGA VEGA, MÓNICA MARCELA
- Subjects
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BURDEN of care , *ACADEMIC achievement , *GENDER , *UNIVERSITIES & colleges - Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop a benchmark method to identify best practices in higher education across the country, in relation with management practices of academic productivity gender gaps and their impact on family responsibilities. This paper uses a qualitative approach to collect relevant information from official web pages from sixteen international universities previously selected. All information related to best practices policies implemented in each university was charted and assigned to one of the following categories for further analysis: ranking, gender policies, gender gaps, academic productivity, and childcare responsibilities. Results from this study revealed that the main best practices implemented in the included universities were practices related to harassment prevention, gender equality at college admission, development of protocols, leadership training, scholarships for study and research programs, adequate infrastructure, childcare financial support, flexible work schedules, family leave policies, improvement of the work environment and the development of departments in charge of follow-up and regular assessment of the proposed strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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7. REFLEXIONES SOBRE EL MODELO DE GOBERNANZA Y EL POLICENTRISMO EN LAS AREAS METROPOLITANAS.
- Author
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BLANCO CRUZ, LUIS ARMANDO
- Subjects
- *
URBANIZATION - Abstract
In the final decades of the 20th century, territorial political economy was influenced by both urban and regional economy. The first called attention to the "triumph of the cities" and the second to the importance of consolidating "a new regionalism." Over the course of the 21st century, on the other hand, urban and regional economies have been conceptually articulated as a result of the "metropolitan revolution." The central objective of this article is to reflect on the characteristics of this process, the possible impacts and the great challenges. To conclude, this paper suggests that regional cohesion is determined by a functional polycentric territorial structure, a productive and sustainable economy and a multilevel and multi-scale governance model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Observing Caribbean Elections During the Pandemic: Challenges and Best Practices.
- Author
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Vasciannie, Lisa
- Subjects
- *
ELECTIONS , *PANDEMICS , *BEST practices , *COVID-19 pandemic , *REGIONALISM (International organization) , *QUARANTINE ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
This paper examines how the practice of international election observation in the Commonwealth Caribbean was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Many countries were faced with the decision on whether to conduct or delay elections during the pandemic. Between March 2020 and June 2022, 10 out of 12 Commonwealth Caribbean countries held elections. All these countries, except for Barbados, have had their elections observed by at least one regional or international organization during the last two decades. The closure of borders and the various quarantine requirements had practical implications for maintaining this trend during the pandemic. Most countries that regularly invite international observers did not have their pandemic held elections observed. This paper considers the reasons for the absence of observers in some elections and explores the adjustments observer groups have had to make during the last two years. The discussion also explores how Caribbean countries were able to indicate their commitment to holding free and fair elections in the absence of observers. For the countries that had observers, the discussion examines how these missions navigated issues of cost, shorter invitation periods, challenges in international travel, the recruitment of suitable observers and local pandemic protocols and conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. The domestic sources of city diplomacy: The case of the city of Johannesburg, 2011-2016.
- Author
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Ikome Nganje, Fritz and Retshegofetse Tladi, Bosele
- Subjects
- *
CITIES & towns , *METROPOLIS , *MUNICIPAL government , *MAYORAL elections , *DIPLOMACY , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *DRIVERS' licenses - Abstract
The mainstream literature on global cities tends to explain the internationalization of cities almost exclusively from the perspective of recent developments in global capitalism, developments that have put cities at the heart of an increasingly globalized, financialized, and deregulated world economy. The internationalization of these so-called global cities is seen as a response to, and is conditioned by, external, and mainly economic, exigencies. Research on the foreign relations of city governments has followed in this tradition, with a predominant focus on the global drivers and manifestations, as well as the systemic implications of this phenomenon. Little academic attention has been given to the domestic contexts within which city governments develop and exercise their international agency. This paper is inspired by the emergence of alternative accounts in the global cities literature, which have underscored the importance of the domestic context in making sense of the contemporary internationalization of cities, to analyze the domestic sources of the City of Johannesburg's foreign relations from 2011 to 2016. While acknowledging Johannesburg's global cities ambition as a major driver of the city government's international relations during this period, we identify and analyze a set of local and national factors that equally inspired and conditioned the city's foreign engagements. These include the huge socio-economic and spatial divide that continues to define the city, the influence of the ruling African National Congress (ANC) and its doctrine of progressive internationalism, as well as the then mayor's internationalist outlook and domestic political ambitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Economic and soft power component of india's city diplomacy: With special reference to Mumbai and Kolkata.
- Author
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Nayak, Lulubala
- Subjects
- *
SOFT power (Social sciences) , *CITIES & towns , *DIPLOMACY , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *ECONOMIC policy , *FOLK art - Abstract
India's coastal cities have been playing a pivotal role in international relations through culture, commerce, and connectivity since the hoary past. In modern times, coastal cities such as Mumbai (formerly Bombay) on the Arabian Coast and Kolkata (formerly Calcutta) on the Bay of Bengal have been active actors in international affairs. While Mumbai has been the hub of international trade and commerce, Kolkata has been the junction of cultural bonhomie with Bangladesh and Southeast Asian countries, which gained more traction due to cross-border movements of technology, information, education, trade and finance, and artistic tools bolstered by the New Economic Policy beginning in the early 1990s. Indian states and metropolitan cities are enhancing their positions in international affairs with tangible gains. Mumbai is referred to as India's financial capital and the home to the headquarters of great global business houses and financial organisations. Similarly, Kolkata is known as the cultural capital of India (Sri Aurobindo, Tagore, Shanti Niketan, Bengali folk art and culture etc.) and a destination for foreign tourists, artists and curious researchers. This paper examines the growth and impact of city diplomacy in India through the prism of federalism in advancing local interests in international politics. It attempts to assess the role of Indian cities from a comparative perspective in the conduct of city diplomacy from economic and cultural aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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11. Estimación de la eficiencia de las empresas de servicios públicos domiciliarios en Colombia.
- Author
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Rodríguez Guevara, David, Restrepo Giraldo, Fred, and Trespalacios, Alfredo
- Subjects
- *
PUBLIC utilities , *PUBLIC companies , *ECONOMIC efficiency , *MUNICIPAL services , *DIVIDENDS - Abstract
The administration of the domiciliary public utility companies must ensure compliance with their demand, ensuring the available financial resources cover the costs and achieve dividends for owners. This paper proposes a methodology for measure the efficiency of domestic utility companies in Colombia through a stochastic frontier, considering information from 2014 to 2018 from 44 companies, showing an efficiency ranking of firms, the result shows company's resource efficiency rate is 39%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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12. La economía política del crecimiento económico: la inestabilidad fundamental y el caso del supermultiplicador Sraffiano.
- Author
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Morillo Martínez, Oscar Esteban
- Subjects
- *
ECONOMICS , *ECONOMIC expansion , *ECONOMIC equilibrium , *NEOCLASSICAL school of economics , *ECONOMIC policy , *ECONOMISTS - Abstract
In this paper, we develop the idea of the Sraffian Supermultiplier, presenting it as an alternative to traditional neoclassical thought about economic growth and economic policy. Thus, a brief introduction is made about the importance of economic growth for classical economists, followed by the development of Harrod's model and the different solutions that have raised for sorting the problem of instability. Finally, we present the supermultiplier model of Serrano together with international empirical evidence that supports it and some proposals of economic policy are made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Dinámica de sistemas y crecimiento económico.
- Author
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Ramoni Perazzi, Josefa and Orlandoni Merli, Giampaolo
- Subjects
- *
SYSTEM dynamics , *ECONOMIC expansion , *ECONOMIC systems , *SOCIOECONOMICS , *ECONOMIC models , *MATHEMATICAL models , *DIFFERENTIAL equations , *ECONOMISTS - Abstract
This paper shows that economic theory can be analyzed by means of system dynamics, an intuitive approach that makes it possible to represent graphically the feedback loops between the variables involved in the models. It models Adam Smith's view of growth, according to Robert Heilbroner's highly simplified interpretation, (developed in a more comprehensive and exhaustive way by his teacher, the German sociologist and economist Adolph Lowe) by proposing a computational system for the study of complex models. The paper does not intend to make an original contribution to economic modeling, but to show a tool that allows simulations based on the principles of system dynamics, using specialized software. This tool can be used in teaching to show alternative modeling options to the conventional ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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14. La adhesión de Colombia a la ocde como una estrategia de inserción en un contexto desfavorable.
- Author
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Fernando Vargas-Alzate, Luis
- Subjects
- *
COVID-19 pandemic , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *FEDERAL government , *POLICY analysis , *GRAND strategy (Political science) - Abstract
This paper concerns the study of Colombian foreign policy. Specifically, it applies foreign policy analysis (fpa) methods to the study of Colombian international politics and international relations. Embarking from the analytical framework of International Regimes, the work describes a specific approach to their study, and thereafter traces the process that preceded Colombia's accession to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (oecd). It analyzes how the decision to join the oecd is best understood as a foreign policy strategy on the part of the national government. The paper also offers a preliminary evaluation of the process of institutional adaptation accompanying oecd membership and its impact on Colombian society. The article is based on the analysis of primary sources related to the decision-making process carried out by both the national government and the oecd. Additionally, it uses a variety of other sources to illuminate a foreign policy strategy implemented in a complicated international context, one only made more difficult by the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic. In this manner, the paper discusses the challenges and importance of oecd membership, including the delay of its formalization to the point of coinciding with the Covid-19 pandemic. Such unfortunate timing has likely contributed to the perception among many Colombians, of the fruitlessness of membership. While indeed complex and challenging, the paper seeks to present the situation of Colombian membership in more nuanced light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. ¿INSTITUCIONES DEL PUEBLO, POR EL PUEBLO Y PARA EL PUEBLO? EL PODER Y LA RESPONSABILIDAD SOCIAL DE LOS BANCOS CENTRALES EN UNA DEMOCRACIA.
- Author
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Rochon, Louis-Philippe and Vallet, Guillaume
- Subjects
- *
CENTRAL banking industry , *SOCIAL responsibility , *POWER (Social sciences) , *INCOME distribution , *MONETARY policy , *DEMOCRACY , *ECONOMICS , *ETHICS - Abstract
This paper sheds light on an overlooked issue in economics, namely the social responsibility of central banks in a democracy. We consider central banks as institutions of power, and, as such, neither are they nor their policies neutral, in the sense that there are inevitable winners and losers. We explain why and how their power should be regulated and controlled by society. Specifically, we focus on the income distributive nature of monetary policy to demonstrate this assertion. From this, we explain that the time is ripe to build a new framework for central banking aiming at improving central banks' social responsibility consistent with the spirit of a democratic system, and resting on new rules, new types of inner organization and, more broadly, an ethics of responsibility of a new kind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. EL RESCATE DEL OLIGOPOLIO BANCARIO ESPAÑOL.
- Author
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Francisco Bellod, José
- Subjects
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BANKING industry , *OLIGOPOLIES , *FINANCIAL crises , *FINANCIAL bailouts , *BANKING policy , *COMPETITION in the banking industry - Abstract
This paper analyzes the main features of the restructuring of the Spanish banking system after the 2008 crisis. The Bank of Spain -the enforcement arm of the European Central Bank's policy- and successive governments accentuated the oligopolistic nature of Spanish banking, as their measures contributed to limit internal competition (eliminating savings banks) and to socialize the costs of the bank bailout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. KINDLEBERGER, MEHRLING Y ESE PREMIO NOBEL.
- Author
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Tooze, Adam
- Subjects
- *
NOBEL Prizes , *ECONOMICS , *MACROECONOMICS , *GREAT Depression, 1929-1939 - Abstract
This paper argues that this year's "Nobel" prize in economics celebrates one of the weakest aspects of modern macroeconomic thinking: its limited ability to understand the macro-financial instability of modern capitalism. Instead of challenging the stubborn refusal to take seriously thinkers who confront the essential importance of finance and its dangers for the modern world, such as Hyman Minsky or Hyun Song Shin, it flaunts the tendency to ignore them. And it argues that if the Prize Committee had wanted to reward those who seek to understand the dynamics of the modern global financial system and its interconnections with the real economy, it should have given it to the BIS team, which dates back to the time of William White, and to academic economists associated with the BIS such as Hyun Song Shin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. BRASIL, BALANCE ECONÓMICO DE LA PRESIDENCIA DE BOLSONARO.
- Author
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Salama, Pierre
- Subjects
- *
STAGNATION (Economics) , *DEINDUSTRIALIZATION , *INCOME inequality , *ECONOMIC expansion , *STANDARD of living , *LABOR market - Abstract
This paper makes an economic assessment of Jair Bolsonaro's presidency. It analyzes the triangle of incompatibilities: high income inequality-reprimarization of the economy-high economic growth; and if one adds the environment, one could say the impossible squaring of the circle. The result of this impossibility is economic stagnation, persistent high inequality, deterioration of the standard of living, especially of the poorest, and serious damage to the environment through deforestation. The pandemic and the war in Ukraine have shaken an already "sick" economy and reveal the structural crisis in Brazil, as well as the turning points in the functioning of the labor market. The present ruptures suggest the political exhaustion of the current presidency and that the country is at a crossroads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. ESTA NO ES LA INFLACIÓN DE TUS PADRES.
- Author
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Keen, Steve
- Subjects
- *
PRICE inflation , *PRODUCTION (Economic theory) , *KEYNESIAN economics , *DEMAND function , *UNEMPLOYMENT , *WAGES , *CREDIT , *COST - Abstract
This paper provides a theoretical and historical analysis of inflation in monetary production economies since World War II. It shows that the "Keynesian" interpretations of the Phillips curve trade-off and the monetarist interpretations of "inflationary expectations" and the natural rate of unemployment did not establish the proper causal relationship between credit and unemployment, and between costs and inflation. It was Hyman Minsky, an American economist, who - following Keynes' ideas and the bank endogenous currency approach - showed that it is the increase (or reduction) in credit that explains the reduction (increase) in unemployment. The resurgence of inflation today can be explained by a Kaleckian approach in which the reduction of productivity is the efficient cause of an inflation that can become persistent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. LA ECONOMÍA DEL GOTEO.
- Author
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Roberts, Michael
- Subjects
- *
TAX base , *TAX incidence , *ECONOMIC policy , *ECONOMIC expansion , *STAGNATION (Economics) , *ECONOMIC demand , *EMPLOYMENT - Abstract
This paper criticizes the supply-side economic policy promoted by the UK government under Prime Minister Liz Truss. According to the conventional interpretation, the stagnation and productivity crisis in the UK economy is due to the excessive tax burden on large corporations and the tax burden on the richest 1%. If these tax liabilities were reduced, it would increase the profitability of investment, demand and the rate of growth. This would translate into better incomes and higher levels of employment. This story is based on the Laffer curve and associated with the "trickle down" hypothesis, falsified by empirical evidence. Tax reductions for the richest people worsen the distribution of income, and do not raise income or employment. The cause and effect is from profits to investment and growth; not from spending to profits and growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Tightrope Balancing in a Time of Rising Great Power Competition: An Assessment of Sri Lanka’s Relations with India and China.
- Author
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De Silva, Shakthi
- Subjects
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CHINA-India relations , *GREAT powers (International relations) , *POWER (Social sciences) , *BELT & Road Initiative , *SMALL states , *NATIONAL interest - Abstract
China’s economic resurgence augurs the possibility of a recalibration in the global balance of power. Many contend that this process is already underway in East Asia – specifically in relation to the South China Sea. In other parts of the world, China’s growing footprint is discernible through infrastructure projects, under Beijing’s Belt and Road initiative. Does China leverage its economic power to realise its interests by forcing smaller nations to accept conditions and agreements which are not in the latter’s interests? This paper examines whether evidence to this effect is visible through a case study of Sri Lanka. The island’s geographic location – astride the Indian Ocean Sea Lanes of Communication – continues to draw the attention of regional and extra-regional powers. Sri Lanka’s constraints in size and poor pace of economic development also grants leeway for India (the regional hegemon) and China to leverage bilateral ties in their interest. Is there evidence to suggest that China has utilised port infrastructure to realise its national interests at the expense of Sri Lanka? Or, has Sri Lanka managed to thread a fine line between the two Asian powers: the neighbouring regional hegemon – India; and the resurgent great power – China? Does the truth lie somewhere in between? This article delves into these questions by examining the approaches and stances which Sri Lanka has adopted towards both nations, particularly during President Gotabaya Rajapakse’s government, from 2019 leading up to the end of 2021. By doing so, it aims to shed light on how Sri Lanka handled bilateral ties with both Asian powers as well as the degree of Sino-Indian competition visible within the island’s port infrastructure landscape. It concludes that the decisions reached with regard to port infrastructure projects represent a mixed picture. A key finding is the ability of domestic interest groups to shape Sri Lanka’s foreign policy during this period, which has significantly dented the island’s ties with other regional allies such as Japan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Power games and their history in the Indian Ocean: A Mauritian perspective.
- Author
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Betchoo, Nirmal Kumar
- Subjects
- *
OCEAN , *GAMES , *ARCHIPELAGOES , *ECONOMIC development , *GEOPOLITICS - Abstract
This paper aims to discuss the situation of Mauritius in the post-colonial geopolitical configuration of the Indian Ocean. The island nation, a former British colony that has been independent since 1968, is today confronted with geopolitical issues that place it within a dilemma. Its recent allegiance with India, through preferential trade partnership, makes claiming sovereignty over the Chagos Archipelago which was part of its territory before independence complicated. There is in an ongoing conflict with Great Britain and, indirectly, the United States on this contentious issue. At the same time, Mauritius needs to consider China’s influence in the region since it partners with most of the independent nations on matters of economic development. Mauritius itself has established an important trading platform through Chinese assistance. Concurrently, the Mauritian relationship with the United States cannot be compromised as it has been the major trading partner since 1794 with an embassy established in 1968. Hence, trapped between economic ties from all the partners engaged in the Indian Ocean, Mauritius strives to maintain its neutrality, while also being obliged to accept that its location, size and influence might not be enough to contest against past and emerging superpowers. To this end, the power games remain as complex as ever in the Indian Ocean when seen from a Mauritian perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. TRIBUTACIÓN EN COLOMBIA: APROXIMACIÓN TEÓRICA Y EMPÍRICA DE LA CURVA DE LAFFER.
- Author
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Herrera Saavedra, Juan Pablo, Villar Otálora, Juan Camilo, and Campo`Robledo, Jacobo
- Subjects
- *
TAXATION , *LAFFER curve , *INCOME tax , *ECONOMETRIC models , *OPTIMAL taxation , *TAX incidence , *TAX rates - Abstract
This paper estimates the Laffer curve through a comparative statical analysis and an econometric exercise. Starting from a microeconomic specification, it first analyzes the distortion caused by an indirect tax and the welfare implications of maximizing tax collection. Then, using data on real per capita tax revenue and the tax rate, an estimate of an econometric model to calculate the optimal tax rate in Colombia is made. The results show that Laffer's postulates are proven with an optimal rate of 32% and suggest that the government has a margin of almost 12 percentage points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. ¿Hacia una escuela china de relaciones internacionales? Enfoques predominantes y su concepción de la cooperación internacional.
- Author
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Marchett, Agustina
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL relations theory , *GREAT powers (International relations) , *INTERNATIONAL cooperation , *INTERNATIONAL relations , *INTERNATIONAL schools , *GEOGRAPHICAL positions , *ASIANS - Abstract
At the beginning of the 21st century, an unprecedented theoretical change in perspective took place, and non-Western theoretical approaches began to be developed as an alternative to traditional theories of International Relations. In this way, some specialists began to debate about the emergence and consolidation of a "Chinese School of International Relations", based mostly on the Asian culture. The aim of this paper is to present the main streams of international studies in China, among which the reverse, obverse and interactive approaches stand out. Likewise, it is particularly intended to understand the conception of international cooperation of each of these approaches. In addition, it is intended to highlight the evolution of international studies in China and departs from the assumption that the production and changes of the axis of international studies follow the rise and geographical position of the great powers. In the Chinese case, they have been growing in parallel with its international prominence and the attainment of great power status. The theoretical framework proposed for this research takes as a starting point the so-called non-western theories, that is, all those theories that are not part of the mainstream of the Western International Relations Theories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Interregional mechanisms for protection of african migrants in the Gulf Region: What prospects for Africa?
- Author
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Odhiambo, Paul
- Subjects
- *
EMIGRATION & immigration , *AFRICANS , *REMITTANCES , *ECONOMIC opportunities , *TECHNOLOGICAL progress - Abstract
Migration is a common phenomenon in Africa as citizens migrate within the continent for several reasons including education, family, employment, trade, and investment. Significant numbers of African migrants travel to the Middle East in search of economic opportunities. With the intensification of globalisation and the advancement of technology, human mobility across international borders is expected to rise in the coming decades. Despite challenges of international migration, migrants play a significant role in destination countries as they boost working-age population; contribute to revenue generation through taxes; contribute to human capital development; and enrich technological progress. Countries of origin increasingly appreciate their Diaspora communities due to remittances and migrants' skills. The growing number of African migrants calls for a strategic partnership between Africa and the Middle East through a multilateral forum that will enhance policy consultation and coordination for the benefit for both sides. The paper analyses intra-African migration, migration patterns from Africa to the Middle East and Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries, drivers of migrations, migrants' positive contributions and challenges; national and Africa's Regional Economic Communities (RECs) responses in protecting the migrants. Key recommendations including the strengthening of free movement policies is critical Africa in ensuring that rights of African migrants are protected within Africa; working towards improving migration data to inform policy; enhancing interregional cooperation between Africa's RECs to enhancing the potential of intra-African migration; and fast-tracking the establishment of an effective multilateral forum for Africa and the Middle East for enhancing policy consultation and coordination to guarantee their common interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Political configuration and geostrategy: An analysis of the global context influence in Central Asia.
- Author
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Figueroa García, Ana María and Rubio, Tatiana Gélvez
- Subjects
- *
NATURAL gas pipelines , *PETROLEUM pipelines , *POLITICAL systems , *DEMOCRATIZATION , *GEOGRAPHICAL positions - Abstract
The five new Central Asian States that emerged from the fall of the Soviet Union began a process of State capacity building and the rule of law in their territories. Even though each one has its particularities, the continuity of autocratic political systems is a common factor among them. The privileged geographical position of Central Asia as a mandatory step between Europe and Asia, and its fundamental role in the energy security of world great powers, make the region increasingly important within the political and economic dynamics of the current International System. This might be a factor of analysis that affects changes and configurations in the political arena. This paper examines the extent to which external factors influence domestic politics by drawing on the theoretical background of authoritarian regimes and democratic transition, historical liaisons after the fall of the Soviet Union, as well as external factors such as security affairs, international trade, infrastructure projects in oil and gas pipelines, and competence for scarce water resources in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. UN MÉTODO PARA EL ANÁLISIS DE CÓDIGOS DE ÉTICA.
- Author
-
SCHUMACHER GAGELMANN, CHRISTIAN TOMÁS
- Subjects
- *
ETHICS , *VALUES (Ethics) , *CODES of ethics , *LINEAR network coding , *SOCIAL responsibility of business , *ORGANIZATIONAL aims & objectives - Abstract
This research paper presents a method for the analysis of codes of ethics driven by the strategic interests of the organization. For the review of codes of ethics it is important understand your value structure. The first step consists in a statistical analysis of terms that denote values. The second step consists in a semantical network analysis of the code. This method is presented on the example of the code of ethics of the Fiscalía General de la Nación, Colombia (2008). The proposed method is able to detect, in a detailed manner, emphasis as well as biases in the values' structure of codes of ethics. Thus, it is possible to propose revisions of codes of ethics that are guided by the organization's strategic values. The proposed method fills a void in the literature in relation to general methods for the analysis of codes of ethics with strategic goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. APORTES AL DISEÑO MULTIACTOR DE POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS BOTTOM-UP. ANÁLISIS COMPARADO DE EXPERIENCIAS DE INNOVACIÓN SOCIAL PARA LA PAZ DESDE LA ACADEMIA.
- Author
-
GÓMEZ RAMÍREZ, OLGA JANNETH, PÉREZ MOLANO, HERNÁN, and SÁNCHEZ ACOSTA, CHRISTIAN CAMILO
- Subjects
- *
SOCIAL innovation , *ARCHITECTURAL details , *LOCAL knowledge , *PEACEBUILDING , *GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
In recent decades, the design of public policies has gathered diverse disciplines to propose new ways to build knowledge destined to heed society's needs and opportunities. In Latin America, the multicultural and pluriethnic character of the societies has supposed special interest to their design. The case studies allow to locate experiences and to build comparisons and detailed and complex readings of the phenomena present within the territories. Through the compared analysis of four experiences led by the National University of Colombia, with a social innovation approach, this paper describes the contrasts and nuances found in the interaction of local ecosystems of collaboration. Morin's complex thinking, and the social innovation approach are proposed to analyze the contributions of the academy in the scenario of peacebuilding, through the role of mediation in the interaction of local knowledge. This is fundamental for the consolidation of territorial communal processes, and to establishing potential recommendations for the multi-stakeholder design of public policies in the pos-accords scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. POR QUÉ NO ESTÁBAMOS PREPARADOS PARA EL CORONAVIRUS.
- Author
-
Quammen, David
- Subjects
- *
COVID-19 , *COMMUNICABLE diseases in animals , *CONSPIRACY theories , *RESEARCH - Abstract
This paper by David Quammen, author of the recommended book Spillover. Animal infections and the next human pandemic, makes a brief synthesis of the latest research on epizootic diseases, caused by viruses that jump from other animal species to the human species, and is a sort of addendum to the epilogue of the Spanish version, entitled "We were the ones who created the coronavirus epidemic". In this paper Quammen argues that U.S. has fared worse than other countries not because it lacked information or funding but because it failed to learn the lessons of the last outbreaks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. EL PLAN NACIONAL DE DESARROLLO 2018-2022 "PACTO POR COLOMBIA, PACTO POR LA EQUIDAD". REFLEXIONES Y PROPUESTAS.
- Author
-
Berrío, Mary, Espitia, Jorge, Ferrari, César, Iván González, Jorge, Hernández, Isidro, Tassara, Carlo, Varela, David, Villabona, Jairo, and Zafra, Gustavo
- Subjects
- *
INCOMES policy (Economics) , *INVESTMENTS , *INVESTMENT policy , *BUDGET management , *PUBLIC spending , *EQUITY (Law) - Abstract
The Colombian government presented to Congress, the National Development Plan (PND) 2018-2022 "Pact for Colombia, Pact for Equity," which was approved by Law 1955 of 2019. The reflections and proposals included in this paper refer to the main components of the PND, the reforms proposed, the Multi-Annual Program of Investments that accompanies it, as well as to its apparent omissions. The paper does not intend to cover all the topics in the PND. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO EN LA REGIÓN NORESTE DEL URUGUAY: CLIVAJES EN LAS PERCEPCIONES DE LOS ACTORES TERRITORIALES.
- Author
-
STUHLDREHER, AMALIA MARGARITA
- Subjects
- *
CLIMATE change , *CLIMATOLOGY , *ACRONYMS , *SUSTAINABLE development , *SENSORY perception - Abstract
Ten years after the creation of the National System of Response to Climate Change (snrcc for its acronym in Spanish) in Uruguay, this paper examines the perceptions among local actors about the impacts of climate change on the Northeast region of the country (Departments of Rivera, Tacuarembó and Cerro Largo). It also analyzes their visions about policies and mechanisms of climate governance defined at the national level, focusing some aspects such as articulation and participation. This way the paper aims to generate relevant inputs for the discussion about the design of policies for mitigation and adaptation to this phenomenon in the specific territory considered here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. EL PAPEL DEL ESTADO EN LA DEFINICIÓN DE LA POLÍTICA ARGENTINA DE HIDROCARBUROS. ¿HACIA CUÁL REFERENCIAL SECTORIAL?
- Author
-
SOLANAS, FACUNDO and MARTÍNEZ, ADRIANA VERÓNICA
- Subjects
- *
BASE oils , *ENERGY policy , *HYDROCARBONS , *PETROLEUM , *GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the role of the State in Argentina in the last three decades, based on oil policies, in order to understand its different transformations. The 90s were characterized by an abrupt referential change in the role of the state but especially in the productive and regulatory capacity on hydrocarbons. Despite of the neoliberal paradigm crisis on the beginning of the new millennium, energy policies on hydrocarbons still maintained the previous referential sector strategies. From the analysis of documentary sources and quantitative data, this paper aims to demonstrate how oil policy remains managed by market forces despite the fact that 51 % of Yacimientos Petrolíferos Fiscales (YPF) shares were purchased by the State. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Informalidad laboral y homicidios en Cali, una ciudad de alta violencia.
- Author
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Herrera Giraldo, Magaly Faride and González Espitia, Carlos Giovanni
- Subjects
- *
HOMICIDE , *INSTRUMENTAL variables (Statistics) , *CRIME statistics , *ECONOMETRIC models , *LABOR market , *ECONOMETRICS , *VIOLENCE - Abstract
This paper estimates the effect of labor informality on homicides in Cali through an econometric analysis using instrumental variables. The results show a positive effect of labor informality (not being affiliated to the health system and not paying pension contributions) on homicides: on average, a one percentage point increase in the labor informality rate increases homicides by 4,2%, significant at the 1% level. These results are relevant for the study of the economics of crime in developing regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Pandemia y política económica: la política monetaria en discusión.
- Author
-
Baquero Beltrán, Amy and Villamil, Jaime
- Subjects
- *
COVID-19 pandemic , *ECONOMIC policy , *MONETARY policy , *ECONOMIC expansion , *UNEMPLOYMENT , *PRICE inflation , *CENTRAL banking industry - Abstract
This paper explores the credibility of monetary policy in Colombia and its evolution after the adoption of the inflation targeting system. To do so, a non-linear Phillips curve is estimated based on unemployment for an open economy, which incorporates the direct effect of past inflation rate on price formation and a prospective component. It shows a deeper trade-off between inflation and unemployment and lower inflationary persistence. Consequently, the country could emphasize the greater responsibility of the central bank in economic growth and employment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Corrupción, transparencia y participación política en Colombia.
- Author
-
Arévalo Bencardino, Julián, García Albarracín, Andrea, and Ortiz Escobar, David
- Subjects
- *
CORRUPTION , *TRANSPARENCY in government , *POLITICAL participation , *PUBLIC demonstrations , *PRACTICAL politics , *SOCIAL movements , *HUMAN rights - Abstract
This paper studies the relationship of the perception of corruption and lack of transparency with voting preferences and protests. It examines the case of Colombia using data from the 2015 Latinobarómetro Survey and a multinomial logistic model that assumes a simultaneous choice of participation type (or a combination of types), which allows us to establish whether the preference for protest substitutes or complements the preference for voting. A positive relationship was found between the perception of corruption and lack of transparency with the preference to protest in addition to voting. If citizens perceive greater corruption or doubt government transparency, they are more willing to participate in demonstrations, without reducing their support for electoral participation. This suggests that there is a general acceptance of formal democratic participation despite the shortcomings of the political regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Hegel y la economía política en la escena intelectual alemana. Bases históricas y bibliográficas.
- Author
-
Narváez León, Angelo
- Subjects
- *
MERCANTILE system , *FRENCH Revolution, 1789-1799 , *INTELLECTUAL capital , *ECONOMIC reform , *ECONOMICS , *CAPITALISM - Abstract
Between the French Revolution (1789) and the outbreak of the Springtime of the Peoples (1848), European economic thought debated between the defense of protected markets and the proper opening of capitalist markets. In this paper, we address this process specifically in the framework of the German intellectual scene, from the bibliographic debates of the time, as a historical marker for a more complete understanding of the Hegelian conceptualization of political economy, its scope, limitations, and projections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Sraffa: el pensamiento económico como coherencia.
- Author
-
Gallardo, Álvaro
- Subjects
- *
ECONOMICS , *NEOCLASSICAL school of economics , *MERCANTILE system , *MICROECONOMICS , *ECONOMISTS , *PROFIT - Abstract
Sraffa rescues the classical analysis and puts it in discussion with mainstream theory. The thesis of this paper is that his ontological analysis, specified in the market snapshot, allows us to understand Sraffa's theoretical position and, in turn, is a method to assess his traditional interpretations as well as the new perspectives arising from the reading of his drafts. Its position is not entirely precise, so it is necessary to include conventions, which open the way to institutional analysis. Finally, starting from the contrast with other interpretations, it proposes to defend the coherence between the vision of the world and the ideas developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. ¿Qué es la economía? Una disciplina política para el mundo real.
- Author
-
Galbraith, James K.
- Subjects
- *
ECONOMICS , *SCHOOLS of economics , *INSTITUTIONAL economics , *ECONOMIC policy , *PUBLIC welfare , *SOCIAL structure , *ECONOMIC competition , *EVOLUTIONARY theories - Abstract
Economics is a policy discipline that deals with the problems of social organization and the general good. It co-evolves with circumstances, and it is historically contingent. The world to which economic policies are ultimately addressed is a complex system. Yet economists seeking to develop appropriate policies are necessarily guided by simplifications and heuristics. The question before the discipline is to decide what sort of simplification is best suited to the task. In the spirit of modern science, this paper argues that appropriate generalizations, simplifications, heuristics, and principles are to be derived from a study of the actual world. While these may deploy mathematical tools and draw on insights from the behavior of mathematical systems, the latter by themselves are inadequate, especially where they start from the dead dogmas of the neoclassical mainstream: ex nihilo nihil fit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. El racismo encubierto en economía.
- Author
-
Komlos, John
- Subjects
- *
RACISM , *POVERTY , *ECONOMICS , *INDIGENOUS peoples , *ECONOMIC systems , *SOCIOECONOMICS , *INCOME inequality , *DECISION making - Abstract
Mainstream economic theory is replete with assumptions that feed into structural or systemic racism. It supports an economic system that severely disadvantages people at the lower end of the socio-economic spectrum, which in the U.S. includes a disproportionate number of Hispanics, indigenous people, and descendants of slaves ((would Afro-Americans be more appropriate?)). The paper discusses 15 such assumptions that are generally trivialized, including the crucial role information costs play in decision making. In turn, costly information implies that its acquisition by poor people requires a greater share of their income, making it more difficult for them to make well-informed decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Hacia un mundo sin colonias. El papel de los movimientos nacionalistas en la incorporación de la cuestión colonial en la agenda de las Naciones Unidas (1945-1961).
- Author
-
Galiana, Sergio
- Subjects
- *
DECOLONIZATION , *IMPERIALISM , *ANTI-imperialist movements , *NINETEEN sixties - Abstract
This paper aims to analyze the evolution of the approach to the colonial question at the United Nations, and its impact on African independence and the abolition of minority regimes on that continent, from the Organization's foundation in 1945 until the adoption of the Special Committee on Decolonization in 1961. The issue we intend to address is the role of the United Nations in the transformation of the post-war world, and especially in challenging colonialism. The problem we will focus on is how that body, founded by the victorious powers of World War II, became by the 1960s, a forum for discussion, coordination and implementation of policies that promoted the elimination of colonial empires and settler regimes in Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Emergencia del 5G en el Sur Global: India y Brasil entre Estados Unidos de América y China.
- Author
-
Gonzalo, Manuel and Haro Sly, María José
- Subjects
- *
COMMUNICATION infrastructure , *SPANISH literature , *ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,DEVELOPING countries ,CHINA-United States relations - Abstract
The increasing dispute between the United States of America and China finds a main area of competition around 5G, which will enable a substantial improvement in the capacity for vehicle auto-guidance, remote operations, robotics, artificial intelligence and other dual-use applications. While 5G is still emerging, the global shaping of the network infrastructure, regulations, patents and standards involves the Global South. It is an eminently global dispute for markets, but also for national security, which has gained a central place on the foreign policy agenda of most of the countries around the globe. In this context, the objective of this text is to analyze the emergent conditions of 5G in two of the main countries of the Global South, India and Brazil, within the dispute between the US and China. Through the contextualization of this dispute and its implications in India and Brazil, we seek to extract a series of preliminary reflections for other countries of the Global South. Thus, this paper contributes to a key area understanding the emergent conditions of a new phase of the mobile telecommunications paradigm developing two main cases still unexplored systematically by the literature in Spanish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Política de descentralización y sector educativo en el departamento del Huila.
- Author
-
Rojas Velásquez, Libardo and Sierra Chavarro, Jakeline
- Subjects
- *
SCHOOL decentralization , *EDUCATION policy , *EDUCATION & politics , *EDUCATIONAL quality , *MUNICIPAL government , *UNIVERSITY & college administration , *CITIES & towns - Abstract
This paper analyzes the impact of the decentralization policy on the education sector of the Department of Huila. It uses panel data on fiscal, administrative and political decentralization, as well as educational coverage and educational quality of all its municipalities in the period 2005-2015. The results show that educational coverage has a positive relationship with administrative decentralization, and that fiscal, administrative and political decentralization contribute to improving the quality of municipal education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Capital humano, desigualdad y crecimiento económico en América Latina.
- Author
-
Brito Gaona, Luis and Iglesias Vásquez, Emma
- Subjects
- *
HUMAN capital , *EQUALITY , *ECONOMIC expansion , *FOREIGN investments , *ECONOMIC policy , *EDUCATIONAL attainment - Abstract
Macarena Suanes and Oriol Roca studied the main determinants of inequality and economic growth in Latin America between 1980 and 2009 and found that one of the main determinants was foreign direct investment. This paper extends that study to 2015 and shows that such investment is no longer significant. In contrast, increasing human capital significantly reduces inequality and improves economic growth. It is recommended, then, that economic policies are oriented towards raising educational attainment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Probabilidad e incertidumbre en Keynes. Una revisión de tipo bayesiano.
- Author
-
Esteban Jacobo, Juan
- Subjects
- *
KEYNESIAN economics , *BAYES' theorem , *MAXIMUM entropy method , *FREQUENTIST statistics , *UNCERTAINTY , *PROBABILITY theory , *ENTROPY - Abstract
This paper analyzes the concept of probability in Keynes' work and proposes a method for formalizing the notion of uncertainty in the General Theory using Bayes' theorem and the principle of maximum entropy. One of the main conclusions is that, despite sharing his rejection of the frequentist approach to statistics, it is unreasonable to think that numerical probabilities cannot be determined, even if some criterion of objectivity is met. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. FRAMING PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AN OVERVIEW OF MICHOACÁN STATE GOVERNMENT.
- Author
-
GONZÁLEZ-GALVÁN, OSIRIS S., MARÍN-LEYVA, RENÉ, and DELFÍN ORTEGA, ODETTE VIRGINIA
- Subjects
- *
POLITICAL participation , *STATE governments , *SUBNATIONAL governments , *TRANSPARENCY in government , *PARTICIPATION , *GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
Since 2015, local governments of 30 Mexican states have joined the National Open Government Partnership to enhance openness through mechanisms of transparency, accountability and citizen participation. The objective of this paper is to analyze the frameworks promoted by the State Government of Michoacán on public participation since the adoption of an open government policy. To achieve the objective, press releases from the Michoacán State Government's page were collected and subsequently examined through a framing analysis. Findings indicate that this subnational government has framed public participation in two ways: as a democratic advance and as a transfer of responsibilities to citizens. At the same time, there is a recognition of new public and private actors sharing public decisions with the government. Despite the progress found in this subnational context, the authors warn of serious risks due to the absence of clear rules for the implementation of mechanisms for public participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Consistencia, pragmatismo y resiliencia de la política exterior peruana en una crisis política estructural.
- Author
-
Guerra-Barón, Angélica
- Abstract
This paper argues that Peru offers an empirical richness with which to understand its foreign policy pragmatism and the way the discourses by foreign policy elites are structured and reshaped, trying to prioritize actions and practical results consistently, rather than ideological postures. Despite the political instability of the eighties and nineties, and corruption scandals during the 21st century in which the highest decision makers have been involved, Torre Tagle has attempted to act consistently in accordance with its foreign policy precepts, enhancing a resultoriented approach. This paper uses six analytic variables: presidential discourses, the profile of foreign policy elites, presidential corruption, international insertion mechanisms, economic growth and international performance. The time period analyzed covers the years 1990-2015, with some references regarding events between 1985-1990 and 2015-2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. LOS ESTUDIOS SOBRE LOS PROGRAMAS DE TRANSFERENCIAS MONETARIAS CONDICIONADAS EN AMÉRICA LATINA: TRAYECTORIAS, ENFOQUES Y PERSPECTIVAS SOBRE LA POBREZA.
- Author
-
URIBE GÓMEZ, MÓNICA and VÁSQUEZ RUSSI, CATALINA MARÍA
- Abstract
Despite more than twenty years of implementation of Conditional Cash Transfers (ccts) inequality and poverty remain being one of the main problems of Latin America. These programs seek to stimulate consumption and reduce poverty and have become the axis of articulation of social protection in most of the countries of the region, incorporating logics of resource management and financing, and new actors and discourses on poverty. This paper critically presents the recent literature on ccts and analyzes the trajectories and approaches of the programs. The paper also analyses changes and continuities in the perspectives on poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. ¿ECONOMÍA O SALUD? UN ANÁLISIS GLOBAL DE LA PANDEMIA DE COVID-19.
- Author
-
Chicaíza Becerra, Liliana, García Molina, Mario, and Leonardo Urrea, Iván
- Subjects
- *
COVID-19 pandemic , *ECONOMIC expansion , *MORTALITY , *INTERNATIONAL trade , *EMPLOYMENT , *GROSS domestic product , *CRISIS management ,HEALTH management - Abstract
This paper identifies the relationship between the health management of the COVID-19 pandemic and the economic outcomes. It shows economic and mortality indicators as well as other social and cultural variables affecting the results. It takes into account the effect of oil prices upon the exporting countries leeway. It also shows how the disruption in international trade affected global value chains. Countries with better health results during the pandemic showed better results in economic growth in the second quarter of 2020. The best predictor of economic success was the health system strengh measured by number of beds prior to the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. LA GEOPOLÍTICA CAMBIANTE DEL CORONAVIRUS Y LA CAÍDA DEL NEOLIBERALISMO.
- Author
-
Cherkaoui, Mohammed
- Subjects
- *
GEOPOLITICS , *COVID-19 , *NEOLIBERALISM , *CORONAVIRUS diseases , *FINANCIAL markets , *SUPPLY-side economics ,DEVELOPED countries ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
This paper examines the context of the spread of the new coronavirus, the correlation with the instability of world financial markets and the fall in oil prices, and concerns about the future of neorealist capitalism. The first part addresses several questions: was the pandemic caused by nature or by man? Can scientific research help to separate the truth from the conspiracy theses? The second part suggests that the coronavirus has imposed a de facto trickle-down economy on Reagan's trickledown economy, and shows the economic disruptions it has caused in developed and developing countries. It is concluded that a tiny virus is forcing the dominant neoliberal system to review reality by force. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. EL DEBATE EN TORNO A LOS DERECHOS HUMANOS: ¿VIEJOS PROBLEMAS Y REDUNDANTES SOLUCIONES? EL CASO DEL GOBIERNO BARCO.
- Author
-
HERRERA-KIT, PATRICIA, PINZÓN-CASALLAS, CLAUDIA MARCELA, and CALDERÓN-VELA, LAURA DANIELA
- Subjects
- *
HUMAN rights , *SYSTEMS theory , *CONCEPTS , *SURETYSHIP & guaranty - Abstract
Although there are analysises of human rights' guarantees in Colombia, there are few studies focused on the historical reconstruction of policies in this area. This paper is based on the recognition that public action is dynamic because it is the product of communication between institutions and condenses dissent in the understanding of human rights' concepts. Thus, intervention priorities and their scope are the result of institutional choices that may vary or last over time. In this context, based on the analysis of the dialogue between entities involved in human rights policies, the article documents the way in which the concept of human rights has been consolidated and supports action on the matter, specifically, in Barco's government, which announces solutions and, above all, current problems in the public agenda and in current social revindications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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