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The paper wooden compound pallets are produced through the processing and assembly by using particle board, paper tubes and PE coated paper board as raw materials. Comparing with traditional wooden flat plate, the new type of green environmental protection pallets has many advantages such as high strength, light weight, low cost, waterproof, anti-moth-eaten, no need fumigation, etc. is an ideal green transport packaging materials for export commodities. The paper discusses and probes into the process and technology of paper wooden compound pallets.

Recycling of waste paper is one of pop topics of pulping and papermaking industry. Deinking technology is the key of recycling of waste paper. It is briefly introduced that methods of waste paper deinking and mechanism of deinking and constitute of deinking agent.

The impact of coated paper printability for image quality on the high-fidelity digital printing was studied in this paper. Compared with the traditional printing technology, high-fidelity digital printing technology is more likely to expand the color gamut, maintain the original tone linear and produce vivid image. The performance of coated paper to a large extent determines the image quality. In order to get high-quality printed matters, the mechanism of the coated paper printability influencing on the performance on high-fidelity digital printing is need to be researched in-depth. The printability of coated paper was studied from several aspects in this paper, including the structural properties, roughness, optical properties, absorption etc, the relationships between these properties and printing color, dot reproduction performance were also studied. Based on the previous theoretical and practical studies, the printability evaluation system of coated paper on high-fidelity digital printing was established initially. On digital printing, accurate color management technology also affects the printing quality as the performance of coated paper, so the advanced color management technology was also used in the current study. The results showed that the pore structure and the absorbent of coated paper were the most important factors for affecting the printing quality, and the roughness and optical properties of coated paper also had a certain impact.

The purpose of this resarch was investigated the air-oil temperature field distribution under air-oil lubrication and oil lublubrication, meanwhile also study the air-oil lubrication effect under different air velocity inlet the bearing cavities of the high-speed paper machine dryer section. Base on the CFD theory, the temperature field of CARB bearing outer ring and the velocity field of the bearing cavities were simulated by the FLUENT software.Result show that air-oil lubricatin can reach the same cooling effect is contras with oil lubrication in the same heat production by roller; the best air-velocity value of air-oil lubrication system is obtain for the change of temperature and pressure in bearing cavities. It is confirm that the air-oil lubrication is viable in the high-speed paper machine dryer section.

The article introduces each component of feeding paper machine of printing press which are press feet mechanism, paper separation mechanism and paper transfer mechanism, the function and the principle of work. Each mechanism is undertook a variety of designs and we choose the best design of each structure according to its functions. Design adopted is as follows: Press feet mechanism adopts the cam-linkage mechanism; Paper separation mechanism adopts the cam-linkage slider mechanism; Paper transfer mechanism adopts the conjugate cam-linkage slider mechanism. The machine is simple, practical and reliable.

The paper analyses the structural peculiarity and design methods of the adjustable heat pump, bring forward a new project which used adjustable heat pump system for paper machine dryers. The system can enhance the steam’s function, accelerate the speed and economize the energy.

Through the comparative study of several enrichment machines ,the performance of the high-speed washer is introduced. The high-speed washer has high dewatering and washing efficiency, he pulp can be concentrated from 0.8% ~ 1.5% consistency to 10% ~ 15%;And it has high ash removal rate and good pulp washing effect also. It can effectively remove the ink particles, fillers, and other small impurities, improve the pulp brightness. At the same time ,the waste paper deinking process treatment systems has been developed.

Nano titanium dioxide particles were synthesized by drolysis of TiCl4 through the phase thransfer and pH of the system is adjusted by Na2CO3 At the same time, the particles were characterized by the Transmission Electronic Microscope(TEM) and X-Ray Diffraction(XRD).As the result, it is shown that the TiCl4 solution was transformed from n-octyl alcohol to deionized water phase and reacted with the deionized water at 55°C, the precursors of nano-TiO2—Ti(OH)4 was dried for 6 hours under vacuum at 70°C,then calcined 3 hours in muffle furnace at 400°C.At last, the TiO2 nanoparticles which is uniform distribution, weak agglomeration was synthesized. In addition, wastewater in paper mill treatment with TiO2 nanoparticles was studied by experiment. It is shown that suspended substance and COD in wastewater were brought dwon largely. The mechenism that wastewater was treated is disscussed.

This paper describes simulation of combustion characteristics under high ambient and high injection of biodiesel combustion by using CFD simulation. Diesel engine performance and emissions is strongly couple with fuel atomization and spray processes, which in turn are strongly influenced by injector flow dynamics. The principal objective of this research is to seek the effect of temperature and pressure on the spray characteristics, as well as fuel-air mixing characteristics. Experiments were performed in a constant volume chamber at specified ambient gas temperature and pressure. This research was continued with injecting diesel fuel into the chamber using a Bosch common rail system. Direct photography technique with a digital camera was used to clarify the real images of spray pattern, liquid length and vapor penetration. The method of the simulation of real phenomenon of diesel combustion with optical access rapid compression machine is also reviewed and experimental results are presented. The liquid phase of the spray reaches a maximum penetration distance soon after the start of injection, while the vapor phase of the spray continues to penetrate downstream. The condition to which the fuel is affected was estimated by combining information on the block temperature, ambient temperature and photographs of the spray. The increases in ambient pressure inside the chamber resulting in gain of spray area and wider spray angle. Thus predominantly promotes for a better fuel-air mixing. All of the experiments will be conducted and run by using CFD. The simulation will show in the form of images.

By using printability tester for printing on ordinary white cardboard and light beam hologram paper, measuring spectral information and chrominance information of the two samples, and then perform spectral fitting by analyses their color characteristics, The aim of this research was to propose one method for color calculation of printing on light beam hologram papers, according to the color information of ordinary white cardboard.

The experiment studied effects of paper on the height and glossiness of UV ink-jet 3D printing. The results showed that there all existed penetrations between the 1st ink layer and three kinds of paper, the bigger the roughness and bulk of paper were, the larger the penetration was, and penetration between the 1st ink and paper was obviously larger than that between two ink layers. Penetration between two ink layers was stable, almost not affected by paper. The bigger the roughness and bulk of paper were, the smaller the glossiness of ink layer was. There appeared directional ink strips on ink layer on three kinds of paper, beginning from the 3rd ink layer, there also appeared ink pits on ink layer on paper whose roughness and bulk were the biggest, which showed printer precision was also an important factor for the glossiness, apart from paper. Thus, the tight and smooth paper should be selected in UV ink-jet 3D printing. Before printing, pretreatment should be done to exclude the influence of the 1st ink layer and the ink strips.

This paper has a brief introduction to a algorithm that can automatically identify the defective cutting region when automatic paper cutter does quality analysis. The algorithm analyzed the characteristics of processed shear mark image,detected defects,found a critical point of defective part ,then a unique regional recognition algorithm was developed based on the basis of the general processing algorithm. The algorithms can pinpoint the region that cutting defects exist according to the coordinates of critical point accurately, improve the efficiency of quality analysis, and also has stated that image processing is available in the regional recognition of automatic paper cutter.

Based on the study of dielectric response theory and equivalent circuit of oil-paper insulation medium, this paper deduces the exponential decay type return voltage function model.It also proposes that rhe function can be resolved with the application of optimization algorithm. Finally, the paper takes a return voltage curve which is tested by the oil-immersed transformer for example.Fitting results verify the accuracy of the calculation. Further more,it also explains that return voltage function model is reliable and practical. Therefore,the model plays a crucial role in the follow-up study of topological structure of equivalent circuit of oil-paper insulation.

The system for automatic analysis of test papers needs a algorithm which is efficient and converges fast, Genetic Algorithm is just fit for it.The paper is mainly discuss the basic concept of Genetic Algorithm,three important Genetic operator, the general step of Genetic Algorithm, and introduction of the system for automatic analysis of test papers.We follow the coding,selecting,crossover and mutation of Genetic Algorithm,discuss the process of automatic analysis of test papers.

In digital printing process, the color reproduction quality is no longer determined by printing sequence, trapping, solid density and etc., since the technique is different from traditional printing technology. In order to analyze the effects of paper on color reproduction quality in digital ink-jet printing, three kinds of commercial paper were selected and a set of experiments were carried out by using color management technique to simulate the digital proofing. The density and chromaticity of both primary color and composite color in each printed were measured. The effects of paper’s characters on shadow, mid-tone and highlight were analyzed and discussed. Finally the influence on color reproduction quality principle, including chromaticity and absorbing characteristics of paper, was revealed. The conclusion has certain significance in directive function in ink-jet printing.

Although advantages of traditional Hough transform of such Good robustness and anti-interference have been found in the process of detection of complex paper diseases such as Streak, fold, however, quantity calculation has imposed limitation on the application of this method in dealing process demanding high instantaneity. Probabilistic Hough Transform fits in a straight line by approach of Hough transform. The approach of selecting fitting points by random drawing and combination with meter counter and output a boundary line where random drawing points locates on condition that such points satisfy limitation of threshold value which has been pre-setted is able to reduce the calculation and period of algorithm operation therefore fitts detection of complex paper diseases demanding high instantaneity.

Return voltage diagnostic method is an effective method of non-destructive diagnosis in transformer insulating state. The current study is that through experiments get polarization spectrum to analysis the transformer insulating state, but not yet carried out the influence of various factors to the experimental results. So, based on the Debye model and specific parameters comes from one equivalent model of the actual transformer, this paper using RVM methods to simulation analysis maximum return voltage and dominant time constant under different factors. Simulation results show that the diagnostic methods that combine maximum return voltage value with dominant time constant can preferably reflect the transformer insulation state.

Pattern of number of PD events ("NE" for short) variation detected by UHF online monitoring was found through experiments, demonstrating that in the first half life of oil-paper insulation the NE value declined at the beginning and then kept stable, while it increased sharply in the later half. Least square linear regression was applied to calculate the changing rate ("CR" for short) of the latest 168 measurements of NE, which turned out to be an appropriate indicator of life stage for its monotonicity over time from the initiation of PD till final breakdown. The Grubbs method was also applied to exclude erroneous data and to determine the credible variation of CRs.

A newly devised process using micro-electrochemical machining (MECE) is described as a recycling module in the current study. The purpose is the precise removal of In2O3SnO2 thin-film nanostructures from optical PET diaphragm surfaces for digital-paper surface. In the current experiment it was found that a large rotational diameter (Dc) for the cathode with a small gap width between the anode and the PET diaphragm surfaces was found to remove the In2O3SnO2 rapidly. A small edge radius of the cathode, or a short arc length of the anode, reduces the time taken for In2O3SnO2 removal. A high feed rate of the PET and adequate electrical power results in fast machining. Pulsed direct current improves dregs discharge and this is an advantage with a fast feed. A high electrode rotational speed also corresponds to faster removal of the In2O3SnO2 nanostructures. The development of the proposed precision production design is based on both technical and economic considerations.

To assess the oil-paper insulation of transformer, it is necessary to establish the equivalent circuit for it regardless of using the time domain methods or frequency domain methods. Based on the principle of dielectric polarization, the extended Debye model is always adopted for the equivalent circuit of oil-paper insulation in transformer in most cases; however, it is usually difficult to determine the number of relaxation mechanisms in the model. This paper presents a method to determine it by the time domain dielectric spectra, namely, conduct differential operation for the depolarizing current of transformer’s oil-paper insulation to obtain the time domain dielectric spectra, and the number of spectrum peaks is equal to that of relaxation mechanisms. Thereby, the extended Debye model of the equivalent circuit of the oil-paper insulation of transformer can be built. This paper describes the analytical procedures of the time domain dielectric spectra method in detail and presents examples to validate its feasibility and rationality in determining the equivalent circuit model of transformer’s oil-paper insulation.

This study describes a new precise recycle module as a clean poduction pocess and an environmental protection consideration that uses micro electroetching (MECE) and a new design of an intercross tool to remove defective transparent conducting oxide (TCO) nanostructures from the optical PET diaphragm surfaces for e-paper surface. This process takes very little time to remove the TCO easily and cleanly and is highly efficient both technically and economically. A large diameter of the cathode of the intercross tool combined with a small gap between the cathode and the workpiece corresponds to a higher removal rate of TCO. This higher feed rate combined with enough voltage results in a shorter machining time. A high rotational speed of the intercross tool can also improve dregs discharge and allows a higher feed rate of the optical PET. A small end radius of the cathode or a thin cathode of the bulge-form tool takes less time for the same amount (20 nm) of TCO removal.

The goal of the work proposed in this dissertation is to develop a new method for the chrominance measurement and predict the spectral reflectance. Since the special feature of the holographic paper, it can reflect rainbow colors when it is in daylight, and the chrominance and the density of reflected light would change along with the observation angle changing, so when ink is printed, the chrominance and the quality of the products are difficult to detect. In this paper, we followed the convention of radiometry, derived the light distribution regular model of the interaction of light when it printed on holographic papers, and derived a new model to detect the chrominance information by changing the illumination condition. Finally, we established a spectral reflectance model by considering on the propagation of light.

Color management has been applied in the printing industry since 1993. Press papers as one of traditional substrates, its properties impact the quality of color reproductions. At present, almost all kinds of papers contain OBA. OBA works by absorbing ultraviolet wavelengths of the illuminant, emitting fluorescence at blue wavelengths, increasing the amount of light, and making the paper brighter. This effect of OBA is difficult to measure with common spectrophotometers accurately, which creates a mismatch between color proofing and printing. Furthermore, both the printing standards, as ISO 12647-2 defined substrate without fluorescence. It results in some problems in printing conformance using paper with OBA. This research discovered influence of OBA to color samples, derived colorimetric conversion method to correct and compensate the effects of OBA in papers, and demonstrated the efficient of the colorimetric conversion method in color management workflow with soft proofing.

The precision of transferring paper is key factors to decide the print overprint accuracy, and vibration has an important impact on paper transferring accuracy. Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) can be used to extract the features of vibration test signal. According to the intrinsic mode function (IMF) by extracted, it is useful to analyze the dynamic characteristics of swing gripper arm on motion state. Due to the actual conditions of printing, the vibration signal of Paper-Transferring mechanism system is complex quasi periodic signals. Hilbert-Huang marginal spectrum that is based on empirical mode decomposition can solve the problem which is modals leakage by FFT calculated in frequency domain. Through the experimental research, the phase information of impact load at the moment of grippers opening or closing, which can be used for the optimization design of Paper-Transferring system and the improvement in the accuracy of swing gripper arm.

A new effective fabrication module was developed to mediate the problem of the low yield of Indium-tin-oxide (ITO) nanostructures deposition uses micro electroremoval technology and a design of twins-cylinder tool as a precision etching process to remove the defective Indium-tin-oxide (ITO) from the optical PET diaphragm surfaces of digital-paper displays. For the removal-process, a small gap width between the negative electrode and the workpiece (optical PET diaphragm) surface corresponds to a higher removal rate for the ITO. A small diameter of the anode or a small diameter of the cathode of the twins-cylinder tool provides large electric current density and takes less time for the same amount (20 nm) of ITO removal. High rotational speed of the twins-cylinder tool the discharge mobility and results in improving the removal effect. Providing enough electrical power can uses fast feed rate of the optical PET diaphragm combined with a fast removal rate for ITO. With increasing in current rating, pulsed direct current can improve the effect of dregs discharge and is advantageous to associate with the fast feed rate of the optical PET diaphragm. By establishing a recycling process using the ultra-precise removal of thin-film nanostructures, through the micro electroremoval and the twins-cylinder electrodes requires only a short period of time to remove the ITO thin-film easily and cleanly. The optoelectronic semiconductor industry can effectively recycle defective products, minimizing both production costs and pollution.

This article does three-dimensional design for feeding device of octavo and color small offset press based on the pro/E software. It analyses the role of each part separately, requirements, and the working principle. And it does the design for the main transmission mechanism. The three-dimensional design of the device provides reference and basis for production and manufacturing of the printing press.

The low yield of ITO thin film deposition is an important factor in optoelectronic semiconductor production. A recycle fabrication module uses micro electroremoving as a precision machining process with a new design of inner wedge-form tool to remove the defective Indium-tin-oxide (ITO) nanostructure from the optical PET surfaces of digital paper display is presented in current studies. The adopted precision recycle process requires only a short period of time to remove the ITO nanostructure easily and cleanly is based on technical and economical considerations and is highly efficient. In the current experiment, a higher feed rate of the optical PET diaphragm combines with enough electric power to drive fast micro electroremoving. A large slant angle of the cathode and a small arc rounding radius of the anode takes less time for the same amount of ITO removal. High rotational speed of the electrodes can improve the effect of dregs discharge and is advantageous to associate with the fast feed rate of the workpiece (optical PET diaphragm). A small rotational diameter of the anode accompanied by a small width of the cathode corresponds to a higher removal rate for the ITO nanostructure.

Crystallization technique is one of the potential techniques to deal with wastewater treatment. In this work, progressive freeze concentration (PFC) technique was studied for its effectiveness in wastewater treatment from food industry. In PFC, pure water is produced in the form of ice crystal block and leave behind a higher concentration solution. The effect of coolant temperature and stirring speed on the effective partition constant (K) and solute recovery (Y) were investigated. Glucose solution was used as simulated wastewater sample. The best conditions were found at the moderate coolant temperature of -10°C and maximum stirring speed of 500 rpm, resulted in the lowest K value and highest Y, lead to the highest efficiency on the wastewater treatment.

When processing in the manufacture for production of paperboard boxes, there arises amount of waste paper as material, which is subsequently sent for recycling. The paper passes through the first crushing device, which ensures small pieces so that they can be transported by pipeline to a pressing apparatus. Paper material in the molding machine is forced into the pits of suitable size due to the additional handling and transport. So both pipe as well as the molding machine may be so congested with material during the failure that the equipment requires unexpected additional cleaning. The sensor detects the level of waste material in pressing device, thereby avoiding congestion in a timely manner and prevents subsequent failure. The sensor uses the resonant frequency of the oscillating rod. The microprocessor controls and evaluates the response of the rod oscillations. Sensor performance was exposed to qualification tests when it shows ability to operate also in extreme conditions such as dirty and dusty surrounding with high humidity and temperature level. Sensor detects the vibration attenuation at the poles of the rod that is caused by touching different materials. Thus may indicate changing concentration level of a material and not just pieces of paper but for example, also sand or other suitable materials or height of fluid surface.

In recent years, there have been a number of interests on the Palm Oil (PO) and Coconut Oil (CO) as a potential alternative dielectric insulating fluid in transformers which stimulate different types of studies on these oils properties. Among the important studies is the lightning impulse properties. This paper presents the investigation on the lightning impulse breakdown voltage of PO and CO under non-uniform electric field. The PO used in this study is Refined, Bleached and Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO) Olein type. The influence of the testing methods, rising-voltage and up-and-down are investigated at 2 gap distances for both oils. It was found that the lightning breakdown voltage performance for some of the RBDPO and CO are comparable to MO.

The light inspection on surface finishing of most product measurement is an important feature in the industries. In this study, a lab module tester for examination on the different type quality of tissue paper quality was done. The light reflectance element was used in this study to differentiate the quality of tissue paper. The laser diode and photodiode was used as manipulator to differentiate the tissue paper and photo detector to detect the reflected light from the surface of tissue paper. The both of laser diode and photodiode were placed in a light box. Different level of intensity reflected from the surface material will have different voltage output. The result showed that the total ply high quality tissue paper has a higher reflected voltage output compared to low quality tissue paper.

To analyze the main causes of electric power equipments failure, this paper based on distance correlation definition, proposed a method about correlation identification between the multi-factor and equipments failure. Firstly, this paper sets the related factors influencing the equipments failure as numerical value, based on distance correlation definition, calculate the correlation between each factors and equipments failure, so as to determine the power of the main causes of equipments failure. At last, through 220 kV transformer fault case validates the effectiveness of the proposed method.

The effects of aluminum foil packaging materials on color reproduction were mainly studied from the following two aspects in this topic: (1) through the study of CIEl976 chroma space, color difference evaluations of 7 kinds of colors for aluminum foil were compared with that of coated paper, based on the established color libraries of coated paper. (2) Four different spectrophotometers of X-Rite were used to measure L*、 a*、 b* of different colors, analyzing the effects of different spectrophotometer on color reproduction. Research has proved that: (1) the method which color was transferred to the aluminum foil, according to the established color libraries of coated paper, is feasible, and there was no difference between two colors on aluminum foils by visual inspection, the chromatic aberration was less than 1. (2) From the measurements, aspheric photometers like X-Rite939, Spectroeye, X-Rite500 cannot be used for color measurement on aluminum foil, the error is bigger than SP64, and accuracy is lower. (3) Through the total color difference analysis of four instruments on magenta, the ball SP64 portable spectrophotometer is the most suitable equipment for color reproduction on aluminum foil packaging materials.

The size and the number of folds severely affect the performance of the diesel fuel filter. Computational fluid dynamics method was applied to diesel filter internal flow simulation, and flow pressure lost was test to verify the simulation result. CFD result shown that, when the filter paper angle less than 3°, the internal flow resistance of fuel filter grown rapidly. The flow resistance decreased slowly when filter paper angle of greater than 6°. If filter paper angle was less than 3 °, effective filter area of filter decreased sharply, and filtration efficiency was lower than limit. The filter paper dust capacity increased rapidly, when filter paper angle was greater than 4.5 °, which prolonged filter life. In order to ensure the flow resistance, filtration efficiency and service life, the angle of the filter paper should be between 3 ° to 4.5 °.

This paper proposed a new method of describing street glare. Glare is a typical light environment, it is affected by streetlights and street surface conditions. It impact on street safety. This paper based on survey of Tianjin, Changsha, Zhengzhou street area, included optical lights types, height of light bulbs, distance between tow lights, street surface brightness, illumination and other factors examination and record. Survey date had been used to set 36 street lighting simulated models and compare with the calculation. The output for the analysis is a series of maps reflecting the relationship between street glare environment and its factors. The case study proved that street lighting environment is closely associated with streetlights bulbs brightness and its installation site. The results show that high level of light brightness will lead to high level of glare and higher light bulbs will increase glare.

In Thailand Manufacturing, checking employee attendance is one of the important issues for human resource, because many manufacturing evaluate employees’ attendance and while giving the final bonus, HRs considers their total number of appearances on manufacture during the whole work time. This brings to the idea of having some tool to control employees’ attendance. Some manufacturing prefer to use paper sheet for controlling attendance, whereas some manufacturing prefer to use paper sheet for checking employees' attendance and after this, fill out these information into a system manually, like Thailand Manufacturing in Siracha Province does. However, this is not an efficient way since there will be spent much of time for checking employees names and putting marks like "presence" or "absence". Moreover, some employees may call his/her friend as "presence" even though this employee is currently absent. After thinking all these issues, researcher of the following research paper decided to create a system that makes easier to check employees’ attendance automatically, and this system is implemented in Thailand Manufacturing near SiRacha province. Actually, this is the first time when such kind of system is being used in manufacturing system of Thailand. The system is based on 1D barcode technology and run on mobile application with Android OS, and in this paper, details of this system are presented.

Renewable energy is rapidly gaining importance as an energy resource to help aid the national energy depletion crisis of fossil fuel and coal. One of the most potential renewable energy sources in Malaysia is hydropower followed by solar energy. This paper presents the fabrication of Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) using organic dyes from dragon fruit and chlorophyll which is extracted from spinach. The fabrication of DSSC uses the Dr.blade method. Result shows that the efficiency by using dragon fruit as sensitizer at 40µm TiO2 Thickness is 6.45%, better than the usage of chlorophyll dye which is 4.23% at the same thickness. Result also shows that at 80µm by using the dyes from chlorophyll extract has higher solar cell efficiency compare to dragon fruit. This shows that both the chlorophyll extract and dragon fruit shows potential in the development of a feasible working organic dye.

In order to clarify the operation and performance of ground source heat pump in severe cold regions, the paper based on the demonstration project about ground source heat pump at Yifu teaching building of Jilin Jianzhu University, expounds the profile of the demonstration project and the data monitoring program of the system about ground source heat pump, shows monitoring data of the running condition in winter in line with the demonstration project and analyses the monitoring data briefly. The result shows that the heating effect of ground source heat pump system is favorable and ground source heat pump system is obviously environmental and energy saving.

This paper based on multi-agent technology, according to automobile safety airbag roll bag station production technology, at first adopt TS fuzzy neural regression network to distributed modeling for the controlled object, the methods of combining supervision learning and reinforcement learning are used, according to multi-agent external reinforcement signals and the value function of evaluate network ,using adaptive genetic co-evolution algorithm to optimize the action network, so can adapt to the mutational environment, and engineering application supply the proof about the effectiveness of the control strategy.

The complex nonlinear problem exists between the factors which influence the strength of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete. The nonlinear relationship between input variables as the factors and output variables as the strength can be obtained artificial neural network which have the feature of self-adapting, self-studying and nonlinear mapping. RBF and BP neural network models are established in MATLAB in this paper based on experimental values. Compressive strength and flexural strength of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete are predicted respectively and comparing with the measured values, predicted values are analyzed. The results show that the predicted values based on RBF tally with the experimental values, and the strength prediction ability of RBF is higher than BP neural network. The needs of engineering can be meet by this method with accurate prediction ability, a new method for the study of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete strength is provided.

The implications of empathic models have been far-reaching and pervasive. Here, we verify the deployment of systems. In this position paper, we verify not only that context-free grammar and fiber-optic cables can agree to achieve this mission, but that the same is true for fiber-optic cables. This follows from the development of architecture.

Nowadays the traditional dyeing wastewater treatments based on flocculation-biochemical technology become more difficult than before. The study in this paper aim was it to probe how adding rare earths (REs) into iron-carbon micro-electrolysis process to advance dyeing wastewater degradation. Firstly, the principle was discussed. Then the experimental methods were stated and it followed by exploring effect of iron powder size on the dye decolorization rate. Next were design of the micro electrolysis orthogonal experiments and discussion of influences of related factors on waste water treatment. The experimental results show that besides common iron powder particle size and the processing time, the factors that have great influence on dyeing wastewater treatment are Ce4+, pH, La3+ and iron/carbon ratio. The sequence of factors influence on wastewater micro-electrolysis treatment is Ce4+ > pH > La3+ > iron/carbon ratio. When pH is 6, COD removal rate arrives at maximum 89%, however when the pH is in the case of too high or too low, the effect of sewage degradation is not good.

In order to analyze inner electrical field distributions of EHV converter transformers windings end at valve side, a simulation circuit model of oil-paper combination insulations is established in this paper. Then ANSYS10.0 finite element method (FEM) is used to calculate the electrical field distributions under four different excited volatges, containing DC voltage, AC voltage, superimposed DC-AC voltage and polarity reversal (PR) voltage respectively. Simulation results show that when only under DC voltage, resistive electrical field distributions highly convergen on insulating cardboard whose resistivity is correspondingly big. While only under AC voltage, capactive electrical filed distributions highly centeralize on insulating oil whose dielectic capacity is correspondingly small. And under superimposed DC-AC voltage, its unformity lies in DC voltage or AC voltage function alone. While under transient polarity reversal volatge, its distrbutions present like tooth and electrical strength of insulating oil is bigger than that of insulating paper.

In order to improve the spine tape folding precision of GMS-7 type spine taping machine and reduce the labor intensity, this paper researched the principle of the spine tape folding process.Through analysis and calculation, the relation curve between folding angle and the advancing distance of paper tape is obtained, therefore, achieved is the free form feature of plow shaped guideways that provides the method to brush the paper tape on the spine of promissory note with glue smoothly.

Recycling of waste paper is demanded because of the shortage of forest resources, the pollution of environment and the scarcity of papermaking materials. It is important to raise the proportion of waste paper in the fiber materials in papermaking industry. Floating/washing method was used here with imported Old Newspaper (ONP) as elementary material. This article studied the deinking performances of many kinds of surfactants primarily. Among them several surfactants were picked out as deinking agent of Old Newspaper (ONP) because of their better deinking effect.

Graphene films were grown on SiC substrates by annealing in vacuum or in Ar flow. Gas sensors based on graphene films were made and tested on response to nitrogen dioxide. Graphene film is used in the sensor. The graphene film grown by annealing in Ar flow shows superior sensitivity compared to that annealed in vacuum. Both sensors exhibit good potential for environmental research and monitoring

In this work, fabrication and characterisation of graphene photodiodes and transfer length method structures is presented. Graphene growth is carried out using a thermal chemical vapor deposition process on copper foils and subsequently transferred onto silicon-dioxide/silicon substrate. Comparison of electrical and optical characteristics of the photodiodes, which are fabricated on both n-type and p-type silicon, is shown. The photodiodes fabricated on n-type silicon show good rectifying behaviour when compared with photodiodes fabricated on p-type silicon. Spectral response of graphene photodiodes is measured to be less than 0.2 mAW-1 which is attributed to the light absorbance of 2.3% for single layer graphene. Transfer length method device structures are also fabricated and contact resistance is calculated and plotted as a function of spacing between the contacts. The calculated contact resistance (RcW) is 0.87 kΩ.µm. The latter structures are also characterised under various ambient conditions, before and after annealing. The value of contact resistance reduces from 0.87 kΩ.µm to 0.75 kΩ.µm after annealing. This reduction is attributed to the improvement in bonding between graphene and metal. Measurements under vacuum show an increase in contact resistance which is attributed to the removal of adsorbed water molecules on the surface on graphene. The sheet resistivity of graphene is calculated to be between 1.17 kΩ/□ and 3.67 kΩ/□.

In the present work, we report fabrication and electrical characterization of a back gated graphene field effect transistor (GFET). We have focused our study on the interfacial effect (graphene/SiO2) on the performance of the device. Hysteresis was observed in the drain conductance when measured with respect to dual gate sweep voltage, which increases with increasing sweeping voltage range. The conductance was observed to increase with increase in temperature but there was no reduction in the hysteresis. This proved that temperature annealing could improve the channel conductivity but not the interfacial effects. Further, a metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) device was fabricated with SLG inserted in between the metal and oxide layer and its capacitance-voltage (C-V) characteristics were studied. A small series capacitance (2.1 nF) was observed to be existing in series with the oxide capacitance (4.5 nF) which was attributed to the trap states at the interface of graphene and SiO2­ layer. Also, the flat band voltage was not affected by the incorporation of graphene layer in the MOS device indicating no change in the work function of the metal gate (Cr/Au). This is an advantageous situation where graphene does not alter its work function also being impermeable, restricts the diffusion of metal particles through the SiO2.

The technique of reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) has been applied to study the graphene growth on conductive and semi-insulating 6H-SiC (0001) substrates using two RHEED devices. It was found the oriented growth of graphene on the conductive wafer and both oriented as disordered graphene growth on semi-insulating wafer due to the partial formation of polycrystalline component in nanocarbon film. It was shown that the appearance of the graphene polycrystalline phase was caused by the lower perfection structure of the surface of the semi-insulating substrate as compared to the conductive substrate.

In this paper, the process parameters of graphene during fabrication and transfer are investigated. Cu is utilized as the substrate and chemical vapor deposition are used to obtain graphene. The results show that, the surface condition of the Cu substrate tends to be worse than as-received after a relatively higher temperature (1035°C) annealing and growth process, which lead to bad graphene quality. In addition, pre-treatment of Cu substrate by acetic acid is helpful to reduce the nucleation sites. Reflow process before PMMA etching is an effective method to eliminate the wrinkles formed during transfer. High-quality graphene for optoelectronic applications were obtained based on the optimized fabrication and transfer process.