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A 9-year-old girl with signs and symptoms of acute toxic myocarditis and cardiogenic shock with elevated cardiac enzymes was admitted to the Critical Care Unit (CCU) of our hospital with an ejection fraction of 25%. The patient was managed with supportive care and the administration of polyvalent antivenom and inotropes, and after 8 days, she was discharged without any complication with normal ejection fraction. Toxic myocarditis can be a result of scorpion envenomation. After two months of follow-up, the patient recovered completely and medications were discontinued.

Hydatid disease is a parasitic infection caused by Echinococcus granulosus. Cardiac involvement is rare especially without liver and lungs tissue involvement. We describe a 12-year-old male patient referred to Mofid Children's Hospital, Tehran, Iran in Jul 2020 due to chronic pericardial effusion and suspected tuberculosis infection from Afghanistan. Echocardiography revealed a cystic lesion in the interventricular septum. Thoracic and abdominal computed tomography showed no similar cystic lesion in the lungs and liver. The patient underwent open-heart surgery for cystectomy and medical treatment with albendazole. Histological examination confirmed hydatid cyst diagnosis. The patient was discharged in good condition and oral albendazole was continued.

Background: Diabetes caused by insulin production disturbance is considered as the most common metabolic disorder all over the world. Diabetes may outbreak because of low insulin secretion by Islets of Langerhans β-cells, insulin resistance or both of them. In this way, using stem cells, which have the capability to differentiate into Pancreatic β-cells, is one of novel methods in this field. MSCs are the most important candidates for cellular therapy. Materials and Methods: Insulin level was examined using ELIZA method. In order to examine the morphology of differentiated cells, they were stained by Dithizone. Insulin-producer cells are cells which turn into red as a result of staining. Specific gene involving insulin-producing cells was evaluated by Real Time-PCR method. Results: The ELISA results showed that the treated cells secreted more insulin than the control group. Moreover, we found differentiation of MSCs toward insulin-secreting cells. In order to evaluate insulin production in clusters on day 21 of differentiation, we used dithizone (DTZ) staining. PDX-1 gene was confirmed by RT- PCR analysis. Conclusion: In this study, we differentiated MSCs into insulin-producing cells in vitro. It is concluded that MSCs may be considered as an excellent candidate in β-cell therapy in diabetes patients.

Wharton`s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs), have a high proliferation valency and they do not produce teratogen or carcinogen after subsequent transplantation. They are known as regenerative medicine. Thus more research is needed on the isolation and characterization of mesenchymal stem cells. In this experimental study, we obtained Wharton's jelly tissues from mothers during normal vaginal delivery, after obtaining their informed consent. Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from cultured Wharton`s jelly, cultured, and were then examined for their proliferation, immunophenotypes, and differentiation capacities. The immunophenotypes of WJ-MSCs were analyzed by flow cytometry. Differentiation was performed resulting in osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic cells. WJ-MSCs formed a homogenous monolayer of adherent spindle-shaped cells. Our results showed the high capacity of the proliferation of WJ-MSCs. Immunophenotyping further confirmed the purity of the isolated cells; their surface antigen expression showed the phenotypical properties like those of WJ-MSCs. The expanded cells were positive for CD 90, CD105, and CD44; they were negative for CD34 and HLA-DR surface markers. The cells had the adipocytic, osteocytic and chondrogenic differentiation capacity. The isolation and characterization of WJ-MSCs with high purity had been conducted, and the results were obtained in a short span. The present study has revealed the feasibility of the culture medium with high glucose and 15% FBS in isolation and proliferation of WJ-MSCs. When Wharton`s jelly pieces were put in the dry bottom of the flask, very effective separation of the MSCs was achieved.

Background: Tuberculosis is one of the most important diseases with annually 8 million new cases worldwide. The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk factors for tuberculosis (TB) infection. Methods: In this descriptive study performed in Health center of Maznadaran province during 2010-2011, 183 patients with pulmonary and extrapulmonary TB infection were recruited. After measuring fasting blood sugar, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies, history of smoking was taken by using a questionnaire. Results: The mean age of the participants was 46.8±19.8 years. The most common risk factor was diabetes and the lowest was HIV infection. Moreover, the prevalence of diabetes in women compared with that of men (OR=0.19, 95% CI=0.07±0.46) and smoking in men compared with women (OR=12.4, 95% CI=2.8±54.4, P

Background and Objectives: Hepatitis C Virus genotyping appears to be vital for predicting the response to antiviral therapy. The present study aimed to analyze the HCV genotypes in relation to persistence or clearance of the virus in residents of Hamadan Province, West-Iran. Material and Methods: A total of 1159 recorded questionnaires of HCV infected people were evaluated in this prospective study. Several parameters including HCV genotypes, anti-HCV antibodies, viral load, drug treatment, response to therapy and amount of ALT and AST were analyzed. Results: HCV genotyping in 637 samples revealed a predominance of type 1a (52.1%) followed by 3a (42.4%), type 1b (2.7%) and type 2 (0.2%) respectively. Mixed genotypes (3a-1a) were detected in 0.9%, and 1.7% had untypable genotype. High frequency of genotypes 1a and 3a were observed in drug-resistant (group-a) and drug-sensitive (group-b) patients respectively (P

Background and Objective: Selenium is essential for biological systems at low concentrations and toxic at higher levels. Heavy metals and metalloids such as selenium are major contaminants in 40% of hazardous waste sites. Thus, bioremediation has been considered as an effective means of cleaning up of selenium-contaminated sites. Materials and Methods: In this study, 30 strains were isolated from wastewater samples collected from seleniumcontaminated sites in Qom, Iran using the enrichment culture technique. One bacterial strain designated QW4, identified as Proteus hauseri by morphological, biochemical and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was studied for its ability to tolerate different concentrations of sodium selenate (100-800 mM). Also, the disk diffusion method was performed to determine resistance to some antibiotics. Results: Strain QW4 showed maximum minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to selenate (760 mM). The maximum selenate removal was exhibited at 35 ºC, while the removal activity reduced by 30.7% and 37% at 25 ºC and 40 ºC, respectively. The optimum pH and shaking incubator for removal activity was shown to be 7.0 and 150 rpm, with 60.2% and 60.3%, respectively. This bacterial strain was resistant to some antibiotics. Conclusion: The concentration of toxic sodium selenate (1000 μg/ml) in the supernatant of the bacterial culture medium decreased by 100% after 2 days and the color of the medium changed to red due to the formation of less toxic elemental selenium. Also, our results imply that heavy metal pollution may contribute to increased antibiotic resistance through indirect selection.

In order to assess the relationship between obesity with food habit and body image, this case control study was conducted among 85 urban primary school children male and female aged 10-12 years old, attending Anuban School in Nakhon Pathom Province, in Thailand. Two different questionnaires were used for data collection for caregivers and students. The standard used for definition of overweight and obesity was body mass index [BMI]. Obesity was defined as percentile ≥ 95th of the sex-specific BMI-for-age growth chart, CDC. Obese children commonly (> 4 times per week) ate blanched /steamed foods as well as spicy foods. While sugar consumption was the same between the two groups, oil consumption was higher among the obese group. Compared with control children, obese children had more snacks before breakfast as well as during lunch and dinner on weekdays and weekends. Normal students had more foods- except for leafy vegetable and fried BBQ snacks. Two-thirds of the children knew about the food groups, but only one-third of them could classify foods into the food groups. Obese children knew about the food groups and could classify foods better than the way normal children could. Children gained information about foods from their parents, teachers, sisters, books, and television. Most of obese children knew they were obese, and they were not happy with their status. In conclusion, Programs must be designed to improve nutrition and in this way, parents and /or caregivers must be involved.

Role of labor induction has increased in the last decade due to the ‎early detection of fetal jeopardy. Although very useful, oxytocin alone is not always successful for induction of ‎labor. In a randomized clinical ‎trial we compared vaginal dinoprostone plus oxytocin with oxytocin alone for ‎induction of labor in 91 ‎pregnant women at 40 weeks or greater gestation with Bishop scores ≤ 4. Forty six patients ‎assigned to the dinoprostone group received 3 mg intravaginal dinoprostone. Six ‎hours later the Bishop score was evaluated and if the patient had not at least 3 contractions in ‎10 minutes lasting for more than 40 seconds, intravenous oxytocin was started at a dose of 6 mu/min and ‎increased by 6 mu/min at 40 minute intervals until adequate uterine activity. Forty five patients ‎assigned to the oxytocin group underwent oxytocin induction from the start of labor induction. ‎Although the Bishop score change after 6 hours of receiving vaginal dinoprostone from 2.54 ‎to 4.97 was statistically significant, the oxytocin only group had a much better response with a change from ‎2.60 to 6.28. Median time between induction to the start of active labor was significantly ‎shorter in the oxytocin alone group (P = 0.04). Median time between ‎induction to delivery and the rate of cesarean did not differ significantly in two groups (P > ‎0.05). It was concluded that single dose of ‎dinoprostone is effective for initiating labor in patients with an unfavorable cervix and ‎appears safe but it is not as effective as oxytocin.

The objective of this study was to determine wether a urine collection of less than 24 hours duration accurately assesses the level of preteinuria in inpatients being evaluated for preeclampsia."nMaterials and Methods: Patients admitted to the Mirza Kouchak-Khan hospital between years 2001 to 2002, underwent 3 consecutive collections consisting of two 6 hour and one 12 hour collection. Each volume, and urine creatinine. A concurrent serum creatinine value was obtained. The protein: creatinine ratio and creatine clearance were calculated. Pearson's correlation/sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values were assessed."nResults: A total of 32 patients (98%) were preeclamptic. Total protein and serum creatinine were significantly correlated and the protein: creatinine ratio was moderately correlated between the collections. The 1st 6 hours collection (8 Am to 2 pm) had a sensitivity and specificity of 100%. The second 6 hours had a sensitivity and specificity of 96% and 86.6%. The first 12 hours had a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 93.2%. The 2 nd 12 hours (8 Am to 8 pm) had a sensitivity and specificity of 80% and 93.3% respectively. There was a significant diurnal pattern of proteinuria."nConclusion: In conclusion based on the results achieved it can be concluded that a 6 and 12 hours urine collection/especially the first 6 hours after patient awakening can accurately assess proteinuria in the hypertensive gravida.

Asthma is the most common chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by cough, wheezing and dyspnea in children. Nutrition is an important factor which influences on induction and exacerbation of asthma. There are controversies to use Vitamin E in asthmatic patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin E supplement in children with moderate asthma. This is a randomized double blind placebo-controlled trial performed on children (age 2-17 years old) with moderate asthma (5-17 years old) from March 2010 to March 2012. Case group were treated with fluticasone and vitamin E (50mg/day) and control group received fluticasone plus placebo for 8 weeks. Out of 300 cases, 240 cases completed the study. Female to male ratio was 0.84. Serum level of Vitamin E significantly increased after treatment in intervention group. FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratio was ignificantly improved in case group compared to the control group. It can be concluded that vitamin E supplement could improve clinical manifestations and pulmonary function test in children with moderate asthma.

Objective: It has been noted that the presence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in the oral cavity may affect the outcome of eradication therapy. This condition is associated with the recurrence of gastric infection. The optimum secretion of saliva promotes oral health consequently influencing H. pylori eradication. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between salivary secretion and the efficacy of H. pylori eradication from the stomach. Materials and Methods: Forty five patients with gastric H. pylori infection were enrolled in this study. Diagnosis of H. pylori infection was confirmed by endoscopy, biopsy, urease test and histological examination. Salivary secretion of all participants was determined under standard condition before the beginning of antibacterial treatment. Then the patients were treated with a 14-day course anti-H. pylori regimen consisting of amoxicillin, omeprazole, metronidazole and bismuth. The efficacy of eradication therapy was evaluated 4 weeks after the end of the treatment course. Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze the variables. Results: The median of salivary secretion among successful and unsuccessful H. pylori eradication groups was 0.48 ml/min and 0.24 ml/min, respectively (p=0.005). Conclusion: Although the type of drug regimens is challenging, the efficacy of H. pylori eradication from the stomach might be reduced by lower salivary secretion.

In order to assess the relationship between obesity with food habit and body image, this case control study was conducted among 85 urban primary school children male and female aged 10-12 years old, attending Anuban School in Nakhon Pathom Province, in Thailand. Two different questionnaires were used for data collection for caregivers and students. The standard used for definition of overweight and obesity was body mass index [BMI]. Obesity was defined as percentile ≥ 95th of the sex-specific BMI-for-age growth chart, CDC. Obese children commonly (> 4 times per week) ate blanched /steamed foods as well as spicy foods. While sugar consumption was the same between the two groups, oil consumption was higher among the obese group. Compared with control children, obese children had more snacks before breakfast as well as during lunch and dinner on weekdays and weekends. Normal students had more foods- except for leafy vegetable and fried BBQ snacks. Two-thirds of the children knew about the food groups, but only one-third of them could classify foods into the food groups. Obese children knew about the food groups and could classify foods better than the way normal children could. Children gained information about foods from their parents, teachers, sisters, books, and television. Most of obese children knew they were obese, and they were not happy with their status. In conclusion, Programs must be designed to improve nutrition and in this way, parents and /or caregivers must be involved.

Role of labor induction has increased in the last decade due to the ‎early detection of fetal jeopardy. Although very useful, oxytocin alone is not always successful for induction of ‎labor. In a randomized clinical ‎trial we compared vaginal dinoprostone plus oxytocin with oxytocin alone for ‎induction of labor in 91 ‎pregnant women at 40 weeks or greater gestation with Bishop scores ≤ 4. Forty six patients ‎assigned to the dinoprostone group received 3 mg intravaginal dinoprostone. Six ‎hours later the Bishop score was evaluated and if the patient had not at least 3 contractions in ‎10 minutes lasting for more than 40 seconds, intravenous oxytocin was started at a dose of 6 mu/min and ‎increased by 6 mu/min at 40 minute intervals until adequate uterine activity. Forty five patients ‎assigned to the oxytocin group underwent oxytocin induction from the start of labor induction. ‎Although the Bishop score change after 6 hours of receiving vaginal dinoprostone from 2.54 ‎to 4.97 was statistically significant, the oxytocin only group had a much better response with a change from ‎2.60 to 6.28. Median time between induction to the start of active labor was significantly ‎shorter in the oxytocin alone group (P = 0.04). Median time between ‎induction to delivery and the rate of cesarean did not differ significantly in two groups (P > ‎0.05). It was concluded that single dose of ‎dinoprostone is effective for initiating labor in patients with an unfavorable cervix and ‎appears safe but it is not as effective as oxytocin.