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Previous research(Yu et al. [25]) found that choline chloride-urea DES pretreatment could dissolve the hemicelluloses of ramie fibers, while choline chloride-oxalic acid dehydrate DES pretreatment could significantly enhance the nanofibrillation of the recycled fibers. Given the limited literature on DES degumming for flax roving, the effect of treatment temperature, treatment time, liquor ratio, and DES concentration on the DES pretreatment was investigated using orthogonal tests. Keywords: Flax roving; deep eutectic solvent; microbial degumming; Bacillus subtilis; orthogonal tests; gum; ; ; ; ; ; EN Flax roving deep eutectic solvent microbial degumming Bacillus subtilis orthogonal tests gum ZH 9410 9419 10 11/21/22 20221220 NES 221220 Introduction Flax, a traditional cellulosic fiber plant, is widely used in the textile, medical, and composite industries, and an important commercial crop in Europe(Pandey et al. [12]). The flax fibers obtained after DES pretreatment and microbial treatment were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray diffractometry (XRD). [Extracted from the article]

Phosphomolybdic acid is a kind of novel oxidant. The basic nitrogen compounds (BNC) in diesel was removed by phosphomolybdic acid/hydrogen peroxide as oxidant, alcohol was used as extractant to extract oxidation products from diesel. The effect of factors on removing of BNC was reviewed systematically. On the basis of single factor investigations, orthogonal experiments were done to optimize the denitrification process. The result showed that the optimum process conditions is that usage of phosphomolybdic acid is 0.020 g, volume of hydrogen peroxide is 2.5 mL, reaction temperature is 318 K, and reaction time is 35 min. The BNC in diesel is reduced from 85.79 to 21.28 μg/g, and the denitrification rate reaches 75.2% under the optimum condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The naphthenic acid in diesel oil was removed by sodium carbonate as deacidification agent under strengthening of supersonic. The influence of affect factors about treating conditions on the acid removal of diesel oil was investigated, such as ultrasonic frequency, volume ratio of sodium carbonate solution to oil (VRSO), ultrasonic work function, and ultrasonic strengthening time. Orthogonal tests were done to confirm the optimum process condition. The results showed that the optimum condition was that ultrasonic frequency was 28 KHz, VRSO was 0.30, ultrasonic work function was 350 W, and ultrasonic strengthening time was 6 min. Under this optimum condition, acidity of diesel oil was reduced to 4.88 mgKOH/100 mL from 135.52 mgKOH/100 mL, and deacidification rate of naphthenic acid reached 96.4%. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Sodium carbonate as deacidification agent was used to remove naphthenic acid from diesel oil. The influence of affect factors about treating conditions on the acid removal of diesel oil was investigated, such as volume ratio of deacidification agent-to-oil (VRDO), reaction temperature, stirring time, and resting time. Orthogonal tests were done to conform the optimum process condition. The results showed that the optimum condition is that VRDO was 0.40, reaction temperature was 330 K, stirring time was 6 min, and resting time was 35 min. Under the optimum condition, acidity of diesel oil was reduced to 5.15 mgKOH/100 mL from 135.52 mgKOH/100 mL, and if deacidification rate of naphthenic acid reached 96.8%, diesel oil recovery could reach 92.6%. The quality index of diesel met the national standard. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Removal of the basic nitrogen compounds from diesel oil by using ferric chloride as complexing agent was studied. The influence of affect factors on treating conditions was investigated, and orthogonal tests were done to conform the optimum process condition. The results showed that the optimum condition was that of the volume ratio of complexing agent to oil was 1.0, stirring time was 25 min, resting time was 40 min, and reaction temperature was 330 K. Under this optimum condition, the basic nitrogen compounds in diesel oil were reduced from 85.79 μg/g to 3.52 μg/g, and removal rate reached 95.9%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]