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Background: The Base of the Pyramid (BoP) project is a public–private partnership initiated by Novo Nordisk that aims to facilitate access to diabetes care for people at the base of the economic pyramid in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In Kenya, the BoP, through a partnership model, aims to strengthen five pillars of diabetes care: increased awareness of diabetes; early diagnosis of diabetes; access to quality care by trained professionals; stable and affordable insulin supply; and improved self-management through patient education. Objectives: This study evaluates the extent to which BoP Kenya is scalable and sustainable, whether stakeholders share in its value, and whether BoP Kenya has improved access to diabetes care. Method: The Rapid Assessment Protocol for Insulin Access (RAPIA), an approach developed to provide a broad situational analysis of diabetes care, was used to examine health infrastructure and diabetes care pathways in Kenya. At the national level, the RAPIA was applied in a SWOT analysis of the BoP through in-depth interviews with key stakeholders. At individual and county health system levels, RAPIA was adapted to explore the impact of the BoP on access to diabetes care through a comparison of an intervention and control county. Results: The BoP was implemented in 28 of 47 counties in Kenya. Meru, a county where BoP was implemented, had 35 of 62 facilities (56%) participating in the BoP. Of the five pillars of the BoP, most notable progress was made in achieving the fourth (stable and affordable insulin supply). A price ceiling of 500KSh (US$5) per vial of insulin was established in the intervention county, with greater fluctuation and stock-outs in the non-intervention county. Despite reduced insulin costs, many patients with diabetes could not afford the additive expenses of monitoring, medicines, and travel. Less progress was made over the other pillars, which also faced challenges to sustainability and scalability. Conclusion: In the context of the rising prevalence of non-communicable diseases in LMICs, cross-sector approaches to improving access to care are increasingly needed. Public–private partnerships such as the BoP are necessary but not sufficient to ensure access to health care for people with diabetes at the base of the economic pyramid in Kenya. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A collaborative approach to care of parents with a mental illness is essential to address the needs of the whole family. However, a number of constraints within adult mental health and child-focused services prevent a unified approach to the care of families where a parent has a mental illness (FaPMI). This paper reports on a cross-sector workforce development initiative aimed to build skill and knowledge in practitioners to work with FaPMI. The initiative included training in the 'Keeping Families and Children in Mind' e-resource to mental health, child and family services. The resource was combined with face to face training and small group meetings over six weeks, to help develop emerging champions/practice leaders to promote FaPMI-focused practice. A significant decline in the perceived ability to engage in FaPMI-focused practice emerged immediately post-training. The lack of perceived organisational supports was the major barrier to the implementation of FaPMIfocused practice across sectors. However following continued support of practitioners, a significant increase in FaPMI-focused practice across sectors, and a return to pre-survey levels of perceived organizational support, was observed at six-month post-training. The importance of providing additional implementation supports and time to consolidate practice change following training is highlighted. Recommended implementation and training strategies that will improve FaPMI-focused cross-sector approaches to better meet the need of FaPMI are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artist in residence in government (AIRG) programs that embed artists within civic work are becoming increasingly popular across the United States. As governments are challenged to shift systems to be more equitable, repair infrastructure and prepare for future crises, cross-sectoral collaboration models offer new ways of working. Cross-sectoral collaboration that embeds artists in non-arts sectors spurs civic innovation and shifts contexts to inspire new ideas and opportunities. This article builds a guiding framework of the characteristics and considerations that shape AIRG programs in order to present possible pathways that can be followed in program development and implementation. Foundationally, each AIRG is unique and responsive to the specific underlying social, political, economic, environmental and cultural preconditions of place. The guiding framework details preconditions, program design and partners, and program structure, followed by an analysis of the challenges and opportunities. Research was conducted on AIRG programs operating in 2020 and 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1994, the United States government removed the Eastern North Pacific gray whale from the Endangered Species List due to its recovery rather than extinction. This notable action also marked the first removal of a marine mammal from the List due to population recovery since its enactment in 1973. The gray whale case study is well documented, in large part due to the charismatic nature of whales, a deep regard for marine mammal species, multiple federal laws and international treaties involved in their management and recovery, and a series of legal cases involving the Makah tribe in its pursuit to resume cultural subsistence whaling. The events leading up to the gray whale's listing as endangered, the actions taken by both the US and the international community, and some of the events since the species' delisting creates a unique and comprehensive case study that provides space for reflection on the future use of environmental laws to protect and preserve species, including, but certainly not limited to, large cetaceans in the Anthropocene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regenerative approaches to the built environment represent a conceptual departure from reductionist sustainability fields. By utilizing the inherent interconnections between social-ecological systems as an informing foundation, regenerative fields have the potential to facilitate transformation towards sustainable cities. This paper provides a systematic review of publications on urban regenerative thinking and practice, including across urban development stages and sectors. Results indicate precincts as the optimum scale for regenerative intervention and provide insights into the worldviews underpinning regenerative approaches. The targets and aspirations of regenerative fields are well-documented, along with the practical challenges to effective implementation. Gaps in the literature are identified including paradigmatic and definitional inconsistencies across urban regenerative thinking and practice. Similarly, there is a lack of detail on the realization of planning aspirations at subsequent stages of building lifecycles. The sample also does not extensively outline the specific engagement mechanisms required to remove barriers to regenerative practice or encourage its uptake across geographic and legislative contexts. Whilst the operationalization of regenerative principles in high-density urban environments remains a challenge, these fields offer transformative frameworks to not only mitigate further harm but also achieve net-positive natural and social outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a context of welfare austerity and growing inequalities many citizens ask for public sector reforms in the health sector and for community action as a relevant practice. However, analyses of community action for health are still limited to single actions. For this reason, this article analyzes community action for health as a whole process of a public intervention in the neighbourhood context, including multiple actors and actions. Based on research on four disadvantaged districts in Barcelona, we develop and apply an analytical tool that allows to identify facilitators and challenges of community action for health on three dimensions of policy: symbolic (why), substantive (what) and operational (how). In this regard, several factors emerge as key ones: generating a shared discourse on health and its assets, developing a common and integral agenda (health promotion, prevention and treatment), ensuring institutional recognition and improving participation and involvement at all times of the different agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The social marketing literature has been dominated by questions about the field’s legitimacy along with the ethical and other implications of its relationship with commercial marketing. In reviewing social marketing’s origins and considering its future, this paper acknowledges then moves beyond these concerns, enabling a focus on the opportunities created for this vibrant field in the current environment. Three thematic areas frame the paper’s discussion: the legitimacy of social marketing as a field in its own right; the broadening and deepening of the field and the consequences for social change; and the strengths and opportunities arising out of social marketing’s relationship with mainstream marketing. The paper reviews social marketing’s origins, before considering how the field might draw on the turbulent environment and the dynamic developments taking place within marketing to shape its future. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Disinformation campaigns continue to thrive online, despite social media companies' efforts at identifying and culling manipulation on their platforms. Framing these manipulation tactics as 'coordinated inauthentic behavior,' major platforms have banned culprits and deleted the evidence of their actions from social activity streams, making independent assessment and auditing impossible. While researchers, journalists, and civil society groups use multiple methods for discovering and tracking disinformation, platforms began to publish highly curated data archives of disinformation in 2016. When platform companies reframe manipulation campaigns, however, they downplay the importance of their products in spreading disinformation. We propose to treat social media metadata as a boundary object that supports research across platforms and use metadata as an entry point for investigating manipulation campaigns. We illustrate how platform companies' responses to disinformation campaigns are at odds with the interests of researchers, civil society, policy-makers, and journalists, limiting the capacity to audit the role that platforms play in political discourse. To show how platforms' data archives of 'coordinated inauthentic behavior' prevent researchers from examining the contexts of manipulation, we present two case studies of disinformation campaigns related to the Black Lives Matter Movement. We demonstrate how data craft – the exploitation of metrics, metadata, and recommendation engines – played a prominent role attracting audiences to these disinformation campaigns. Additionally, we offer some investigative techniques for researchers to employ data craft in their own research of the disinformation. We conclude by proposing new avenues for research for the field of Critical Internet Studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Governance literature identifies so-called ‘leader firms’ as the directors of global value chains. But in what direction are they leading? Some leader firms actively try to make a transition towards sustainable supply chain practices, but how can this be assessed? Supply chain management literature provides fragmented insights into the antecedents of transition processes. They adopt a largely ‘top-down’, ‘inside-out’ perspective rather than (also) take a ‘bottom-up’ and ‘outside-in’ perspective in which the consequences for the business models of supplying firms at the bottom of the supply chain are rarely taken into account. This contribution develops a more integrated eclectic approach on sustainable supply business models. We conceptualise antecedents of change along consecutive stages of management that combines different supplier ‘upgrading’ approaches with different ways in which leader firms integrate suppliers in their purchasing strategies. We apply this model to the strategies of 10 leading Dutch companies active in Africa, but with different supply chain positions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The European Landscape Convention (ELC) aims to promote landscape protection, management and planning and to organise European cooperation on landscape issues. The introduction of the ELC in 2000 created a need for further theoretical work within the field of landscape research, which has historically provided a weak theoretical basis for policy implementation. In this study, a relational approach was used to investigate the ongoing ELC implementation process in Sweden, illustrating government dynamics and highlighting efforts to transform discourses and practices. The conceptual framework used comprised three analytical components (policy community, policy meaning and strategy-making practice) and the relational approach was applied at national, regional and local policy levels. The results revealed both progress and obstacles to ELC implementation in Sweden and confirmed the usefulness of the relational approach. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

National social systems in Europe are currently facing common and fundamental challenges that strain the existing social structures in all European countries. In this context, concepts of “(social) innovation” become more and more important. While taking into account European and National Contexts for Social Services, the INNOSERV project takes a comparative bottom-up approach in order to identify key trends in social innovation and the elements informing innovation in social services. In this respect the authors deliver a definition of innovation in social services and set out the INNOSERV research design, which includes visual sociology methods. As the main result of the INNOSERV project, seven themes for innovation in social services are presented in this article. These themes give a concise description of the most salient research questions and issues in the social sector, which will shape and help to improve social services in Europe in the years to come. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Sustainable development policies are on the move. Cities the world over are repositioning, repackaging and remarketing themselves as green and sustainable, and sustainable development is the moniker imported to spark the process. At the same time, sustainable development, as a normative point of departure, is itself going through cycles of reinterpretation and re-composition. The research in this article aims to understand this process by mapping the trajectories of sustainable development policies, and understanding sustainable development as a contextually grounded policy in motion. In Luxembourg, as planners are confronted with finding ways to manage growth, sustainable development has come to permeate all levels of the planning system. To understand how this came into being, research methods were employed that included document screening and a series of conversational interviews that were later transcribed and coded. In so doing, the discourse around sustainable development policy could be reconstructed and analysed. The results showed that the multi-scalar, cross-national, and simultaneously microlevel governance structures pose many obstructions to the implementation of sustainable development policies that are imported from abroad. Thus, policy is ultimately immobile, and a policy paralysis can be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

North and South Carolina have experienced considerable land-use change, urban sprawl and environmental management challenges within the past 30 years that have amplified and interacted with growing impacts from climate variability and change. However, with strong conservative majorities in the legislatures of both states, political tension around the issue of climate change has intensified, increasing the need for sensitive and deliberate climate change response strategies that mainstream action into salient areas of public concern. With data from online questionnaires and interviews with over 100 leaders within the Carolinas, this research explores a number of context-specific socio-ecological factors that influence climate change response activities and the mainstreaming process. Additionally, this study highlights how a key component of mainstreaming climate response action in the Carolinas involves the careful use of public communication frames. As such, mainstreamed climate change response within this region of the USA is often aligned publicly with other relevant areas of concern, not referenced or communicated as climate change response. Focusing on the process of mainstreaming provides a salient opportunity to bridge literatures around the concepts of mainstreaming and communication framing while analysing pathways by which climate change response activities are initiated, developed and enacted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses different presentations made at a seminar on medical care in the circumpolar regions in Canada. The seminar highlighted emerging issues in the circumpolar health system for Indigenous groups in the U.S., Canada, Norway, Greenland, Iceland, and Denmark. At the event, panelists discussed the need for delivering health services in circumpolar regions. They also discussed the potential benefits of electronic medical records.

This paper reports on a current program, the Hive in the Cliff, geared toward initiating social and economic renewal in Broughton, Salford, through a culturally led regeneration and conservation program. Case studies examined included a focus on activities and relationships between individuals at different stages of the life course, but they were not branded as intergenerational activities. Intergenerational relations outlined are implicit outcomes of cultural activities in which knowledge about people, life stories, and evolution of a community are shared and preserved between and across generations. The focus on shared spaces and places shows how intergenerational solidarity may be made knowable through activities involving different generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the engagement of police and other justice agencies in justice reform programmes in Commonwealth countries, which was presented at the Meeting of Commonwealth Law Ministers and Senior Officials held in Edinburgh, Scotland from July 7 to 10, 2008. It discusses issues related to justice reform programs, training of judicial agency personnel and the impact of policing on justice reform programs. Examples of cross-sector development of justice reform are presented.

In this article interdisciplinarity is raised as an issue in development research. The point of departure is the increasing need for new knowledge about complex issues and how these trends affect research institutions and funders of research. The perspective is that of the Research Council of Norway and its work on interdisciplinarity within the field of environment and development. A brief presentation is given of the Research Council document Multi- and Interdisciplinary Research on Environment and Development. Action Plan 2002–2004, and some of the considerations and measures in the Action Plan are highlighted. The ambiguous concept of interdisciplinarity is discussed, as are the issues of interdisciplinarity and quality assessment and the need for practical measures to facilitate interdisciplinarity. The article concludes by challenging Norwegian development researchers to see their specific development research interests in a broader perspective related to new possibilities that may arise from the reorganisation of the Research Council of Norway. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article offers brief profiles of Peter Batey, Lars A. Engberg, and Antonio Ferreira, who contributed to the writing of the journal.