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Progression-free survival (PFS) is increasingly used as a primary endpoint in oncology clinical trials. However, trial conduct is often such that PFS data on some patients may be partially missing either due to incomplete follow-up for progression, or due to data that may be collected but confounded by patients stopping randomized therapy or starting alternative therapy prior to progression. Regulatory guidance on how to handle these patients in the analysis and whether to censor these patients differs between agencies. We present results of a reanalysis of 28 Phase III trials from 12 companies or institutions performed by the Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers Association-sponsored PFS Expert Team. We show that analyses not adhering to the intention-to-treat principle tend to give hazard ratio estimates further from unity and describe several factors associated with this shift. We present illustrative simulations to support these findings and provide recommendations for the analysis of PFS. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article critically examines how ideology permeates the politics of diversity today and is forcing us to clarify political positions towards a much more intercultural approach to diversity. At a time when the demographic argument is gaining momentum in the US, Europe, and other continents, with neo-colonial beliefs of white supremacy and irrational fears of the 'Great replacement' movement, the diversity politics debate is becoming strongly polarized. In this 'ideological turn' diversity emerges as a political option rather than a by-product of the globalization processes. Going beyond the multicultural/intercultural debate, this article represents a step forward by highlighting the specificities of interculturalism and how these distinctive features can be considered today as strategic resources for revitalizing the left's position on diversity politics. As a normative and political ideology, interculturalism may have the potential to shape diversity as a new public culture and implement the scale shift of citizenship from a state to a more urban intercultural citizenship. Theorizing these features from the left would certainly help to reduce right-wing ideologies that foster a strong reluctance to diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of the article is to describe the phenomenon of the festival marketplace using the example of Manufaktura in Łódź, which is a post-socialist Polish city. The article presents the concept, the development of large shopping centres, and the main socio-economic and spatial urban transformations that accompanied the creation of Manufaktura. The research methods included analysis of Internet and statistical data, participant observation, one in-depth interview, and a large number of semi-structured interviews. The results of the study confirm that Manufaktura – a large arts centre, shopping mall, and leisure complex built in the revitalized part of a former textile factory – represents most of the festival marketplace features. Additionally, revitalization reflects urban transformation processes in post-socialist cities, such as functional transformation, deindustrialization, internationalization of trade, privatization, or changes in consumer behaviour. The author concludes that Manufaktura is now an important part of the revitalized urban geographical space in Łódź. It performs essential urban functions, not only commercial but also cultural and tourism-related. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Positive reinforcement training (PRT) techniques enhance the psychological well being of nonhuman primates by increasing the animal's control over his or her environment and desensitizing the animal to stressful stimuli. However, the literature on PRT in neotropical primates is limited. Here PRT data from owl monkeys and squirrel monkeys are presented, including the length of time to train subjects to target, present hand, and present foot, important responses that can be used to aid in health inspection and treatment. A high percentage of the squirrel and owl monkeys were successfully trained on target and present hand. Present foot, a less natural response, was harder to train and maintain. Although squirrel monkeys did learn to target significantly faster than owl monkeys, the 2 genera did not differ on time to train on subsequent behavior. These data demonstrate that although owl monkeys may require slightly more time to acclimate to a PRT program, it is still possible to establish a PRT program with neotropical primates, and once animals have been introduced to the program, they can learn new responses in a relatively few short sessions. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In response to evidence that mental illness stigma is especially prevalent among college students, an innovative seminar was developed that mixed popular films and other media with lectures and class discussions to reduce new college students’ stigma. Multivariate analyses showed students in the seminar had more negative attitudes toward people with schizophrenia at the beginning of the seminar but possessed significantly more positive attitudes at the end when compared to a control group. Most notably, seminar students showed greater improvements in their feelings of fear, perceived dangerousness, and desire for segregation from people with schizophrenia than control group students. Implications for college students and anti-stigma programming are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

To examine the effects of operant conditioning on stereotypic pacing in 3 female African wild dogs located at the Franklin Park Zoo in Boston, this study made recordings of pacing behavior immediately following individual sessions of husbandry training and 2 no-training conditions. The study found significant differences in the percentage of observations spent in stereotypic pacing behaviors for all 3 dogs among the 3 different conditions. The authors discuss the data in terms of the contribution of motivated tasks to the effects and the role of food deprivation in the expression of stereotypic pacing. The study suggests that even short periods of training may improve the African wild dogs' welfare by reducing stereotypic pacing following the conditioning sessions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dominant accounts of covert recognition in prosopagnosia assume subthreshold activation of face representations created prior to onset of the disorder. Yet, such accounts cannot explain covert recognition in congenital prosopagnosia, where the impairment is present from birth. Alternatively, covert recognition may rely on affective valence, yet no study has explored this possibility. The current study addressed this issue in 3 individuals with congenital prosopagnosia, using measures of the scanpath to indicate recognition. Participants were asked to memorize 30 faces paired with descriptions of aggressive, nice, or neutral behaviours. In a later recognition test, eye movements were monitored while participants discriminated studied from novel faces. Sampling was reduced for studied-nice compared to studied-aggressive faces, and performance for studied-neutral and novel faces fell between these two conditions. This pattern of findings suggests that (a) positive emotion can facilitate processing in prosopagnosia, and (b) covert recognition may rely on emotional valence rather than familiarity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The study investigates differences in dual diagnosis disorders among patients in psychiatric and in substance use treatment services. Method: The sample (n = 159) comprised patients from four treatment settings: community mental health service, inpatient psychiatric ward, drug treatment service, alcohol treatment service. Patients who screened positive for dual diagnosis received a detailed multi-axial assessment of substance use and mental health problems. Results: Important clinical differences were found between dual diagnosis patients in psychiatry and substance use treatment services. Dual diagnosis patients in psychiatry services were more likely to have a psychotic illness: those in the inpatient psychiatry service had the most severe mental health problems, and were exposed to the greatest risks to their safety. Psychiatric outpatients were least likely to have an alcohol dependence disorder, although a high rate of drug use disorders (mainly involving cannabis) was found among the psychiatric inpatients. High rates of affective disorders and suicide risk were found among patients in all treatment services. Conclusions: The term 'dual' diagnosis can be misleading. Dual diagnosis patients present with complex mental health, physical health, psychosocial disability, and safety needs, and the pattern of problems presented by dual diagnosis patients varies across different treatment services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonhuman primates are excellent subjects for the enhancement of care and welfare through training. The broad range of species offers tremendous behavioral diversity, and individual primates show varying abilities to cope with the stressors of captivity, which differ depending on the venue. Biomedical facilities include small single cages, pair housing, and breeding corrals with large social groups. Zoos have social groupings of differing sizes, emphasizing public display and breeding. Sanctuaries have nonbreeding groups of varying sizes and often of mixed species. In every venue, the primary objective is to provide good quality care, with minimal stress. Positive reinforcement training improves care and reduces stress by enlisting a primate's voluntary cooperation with targeted activities, including both husbandry and medical procedures. It can also improve socialization, reduce abnormal behaviors, and increase species-typical behaviors. This article reviews the results already achieved with positive reinforcement training and suggests further possibilities for enhancing primate care and welfare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines peritraumatic predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among French-speaking university students. Negative emotions; Peritraumatic dissociation; Physical anxiety symptoms; Time of trauma.

Evaluates the influence of phosphate on chromium(VI) sorption by goethite. Description of iron hydrous hydro(oxide) as an important sorbent for chromium(VI) in soil systems due to its distribution; Existence of inorganic or organic ligands for competition with solution chromium(VI); Investigation of the reduction of chromium(VI) by N-hydroxyethyl-ethylenediamine-triacetic acid and goethite.

This paper examines the application of concepts of place, locality and constructions of place identities as frameworks for place-based regulatory planning instruments to control development across whole local government areas. New approaches to achieving single-level, place-integrated planning documents in NSW are summarised that move away from the traditional format of land use zones. This will require a more place-focused governance to act as a strategic relational arena in existing localities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This paper discusses planning and urban design approaches to making city centres feel safer. Planning and urban design inter alia contribute to the creation of the city-centre landscape and are intimately concerned with the design and management of public space. Perceptions and feelings of personal safety are prerequisites for a vital and viable city centre; if a city centre is not perceived to be safe, those with choice will choose not to use it, making it less safe for those with fewer choices. This paper therefore identifies and outlines four planning and urban design approaches to making city centres feel safer: the fortress, the panoptic, the regulatory and the animated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a study which challenged the prevailing design critique by examining women's experience of privatized public spaces and behavioural mapping in five privatized public spaces in Orange County, California. Gender perspectives on the privatization of public spaces; Conclusions.

Providing each resident with an opportunity to learn through discussions of here-and-now experiences is the meaning of Milieu Therapy. The focus of the treatment process for the disturbed adolescent is the acquisition of skills and beliefs that result in adaptive behaviours. From our “in-house” program evaluation of Haydon Youth Services, I want to illustrate that qualitative research or using naturalistic, descriptive and a phenomenological approach in combination with a questionnaire is effective in describing some of the salient patterns of interactions within the milieu. As a formative study of the stakeholder's perceptions of the program, I want to relate personal accounts, attitudes and opinions about the treatment experience and how these influenced programmatic changes [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Constructivist self development theory (CSDT) provides a theoretical framework for understanding the impact of trauma on the self. The theory integrates psychoanalytic theory with theories of social cognition. This article describes the impact of childhood abuse and neglect in a CSDT framework, focusing on the self capacities, or inner abilities that maintain a cohesive, consistent sense of self. The article outlines the psychological and behavioral sequelae of undeveloped self capacities resulting from emotional trauma. It then provides a detailed approach to the psychotherapeutic development of self capacities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]