1. A novel and sustainable approach for biotransformation of phosphogypsum to calcium carbonate using urease producing Lysinibacillus sphaericus strain GUMP2.
- Author
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Patil, Prajakta Pratap, Prabhu, Meghanath, and Mutnuri, Srikanth
- Subjects
GYPSUM ,PHOSPHOGYPSUM ,CALCIUM carbonate ,BIOCONVERSION ,SULFATE-reducing bacteria ,AMMONIUM sulfate - Abstract
Phosphogypsum (CaSO
4 ) is produced as a waste by-product during phosphoric acid production in the fertilizer industry. Only 15% of worldwide phosphogypsum production is recycled, while 85% is stored in the vicinity of factories as huge piles resulting in environmental and health hazards. An extensively studied biotransformation of phosphogypsum to calcium carbonate or calcite (CaCO3 ) using sulfate reducing bacteria (SRBs) is a prolonged process and results in the formation of extremely hazardous H2 S gas. Here we report for the first time a novel approach for biotransformation of phosphogypsum to CaCO3 using urease producing Lysinibacillus sphaericus strain GUMP2. The strain could effectively transform phosphogypsum to crystalline, bead-shaped CaCO3 precipitates. In a batch reactor with the PG loading rate of 60 g/L, 100% biotransformation was observed within seven days. After calcite recovery, the ammonium sulfate formed in the supernatant was recovered by precipitation. Urease-producing L. sphaericus strain GUMP2 could be used to remove the hazardous phosphogypsum from the environment by converting it to the industrially useful CaCO3 and ammonium sulfate, a valuable agricultural fertilizer. This novel and sustainable approach could be a promising solution for the hazardous phosphogypsum in the phosphoric acid industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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