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A 2 (Mood: Positive vs. Negative) × 2 (Modality Interactivity: Scrolling vs. Swiping) × 2 (Length: Long form vs. Short Form) between-subject experiment (N = 330) was conducted to examine the impact of mood, modality interactivity, and news story length on news engagement under the context of smartphone news reading. Results showed news story length had a main effect on informativeness. A mood and news story length interaction on perceived usability, currency, and bias was obtained. In addition, a three-way interaction of mood, modality interactivity, and news story length on temporary dissociation was obtained. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores whether and how journalists cover various forms of differentiation in the European Union (EU) in the news. Differentiation is a key feature of European integration, viewed by some as a facilitator of democracy and by others as a mechanism leading to dominance. Yet we know only little how its complex and controversial aspects are communicated to the citizens by journalists in their role as public mediator and critical watchdogs. Drawing on a selection of news reports published between 2015 and 2020 in nine media outlets from Germany, Denmark, and the UK, we find that the media frequently covers EU differentiation in a range of forms that extends beyond the conventional academic focus on territory-based differentiated integration. The majority of this coverage presents a balanced view, yet nuances emerge with respect to the forms of differentiation discussed and the origins of commentary on these matters. Overall, these results point to the key role of the media as translators and watchdogs of the complexity of EU governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Roma Opening process of the ruling party of Turkey resulted in disappointment for Roma, similar to other opening processes regarding the rights and demands of the Kurdish and Alevite communities and their respective civil society organizations. This paper focuses on the dynamics and results of the Roma opening process within the framework of prospects for developing the notion of active citizenship in Turkey. The article also addresses the news media coverage of the Roma opening process and its aftermath, again investigating the role of the media in enhancing the ideals of active citizenship. Within these considerations, after a theoretical debate on the importance of active citizenship and the role of the media in its development, the Turkish case of the Roma/Gypsy question will be discussed concerning the Roma Opening process and its news media coverage based on a qualitative content analysis. Finally, particular attention will be devoted to the structural limits of active citizenship in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on a comparative cross-country survey and qualitative interview data, this article explores audiences' information-seeking practices and sentiments related to news media and other information providers in Estonia and Latvia during the COVID-19 crisis. It concludes that members of both the ethno-linguistic majority and the Russian-speaking minority relied primarily on their social network and local experts to make sense of the pandemic, with media playing a rather moderate role. Russian speakers reoriented their news media repertoires away from Russian television toward local news providers. Despite popular sentiments of media skepticism in both countries, audiences in Estonia express more confidence in local news media. Alongside ethno-linguistic divides, the study illuminates socio-economic rifts in media-society relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How were the privacy problems of photography discussed in journalists’ legal discourse between 1890 and 1920, and how did that discourse influence the emerging law of privacy within their professional field, and the role of photography in journalism? New technologies and practices were incorporated into a drastically changing journalism field at the turn of the twentieth century, sparking debate about the boundaries between new forms of reporting and personal rights to privacy and publicity. This article adds nuance to that history by using the conceptual framework of institutionalism to analyze trade press discourse along the new frontier of photographic illustration in the news. It argues that an institutional lens can help us understand how a discourse full of contradictions shored up the emerging model of commercial news media along with a sexist conception of the law of privacy. Seeing how the press balanced professional and economic demands for depictions of everyday life against these social concerns can clarify our picture of how the law of privacy and publicity has developed amid the media marketplace of the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rooted in the emotions-as-frames model (EFM), this research examines how hope, fear, and annoyance are evoked through health news headline scanning, and how these emotions influence perceptions of news and medical science institutions as well as health behavioral intentions. A sample of U.S. adults (N = 327) were assigned to one of four headline framing conditions expected to associate with different emotions (positive future frame-hope; threat frame-fear/anxiety; reversal frame-annoyance; and control-neutral) and then asked about their emotional states, trust in science and news, and health-related behavioral intentions. Overall, health news headlines generated more hope than any other emotion across all conditions, and positive future-framed headlines evoked more hope than other framed headlines. Felt hope, in turn, generated greater trust in news and science, higher expectations of medical breakthroughs and cures, and greater intention to engage in preventative health behaviors. Felt anxiety had marginal positive benefits whereas felt annoyance negatively impacted the outcomes of interest. Notably, felt emotion mediated the headline frame-outcome relationships in the positive future/hope condition. These findings offer some support for the EFM and demonstrate that scanning headlines imbued with specific emotional frames can influence important health-related outcomes through the emotions they evoke. We discuss both the theoretical and practical implication of these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current media environment, some individuals have shifted from actively monitoring news toward passively waiting for the media to alert them about news to a certain extent, forming a "news-finds-me" (NFM) perception. Drawing on a cross-sectional survey (N = 906) of adults from the United States, this study investigates the relationship between the NFM perception and COVID-19 misperceptions. Findings demonstrated a positive association between NFM perception and misperceptions. Moreover, information avoidance mediated the relationship between NFM and misperception. Finally, need for cognition (NFC) was a significant moderator, such that among those with greater NFC, the indirect effect of NFM perception on misperceptions became weaker. Findings of this study can contribute to the literature of NFM perception in health contexts and provide useful guidelines for combating misinformation and misperceptions in the algorithm-generated information environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title of this paper refers to both the personality and work of two Spaniards, who, at the beginning of the nineteenth century, had to abandon their homeland fleeing from the absolutism of King Ferdinand VII (1784–1833). The exile of the Spanish liberal writers started in 1814 and was characterized by two major milestones: the first between 1814 and 1820, where Great Britain was the main destination; and a second wave which began in 1823 and ended in 1833, wherein France gained prominence as a reception centre. Although the journalistic activities that were both undertaken in Paris were less relevant than those carried out by other writers in London, the truth is that with their reading, we can better understand the study of this exile journalism and the subsequent liberal journalism that was developed in Spain when the conditions allowed it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the case of the first Irish journalist to be imprisoned for refusing to reveal his sources. In his capacity as political correspondent with the Irish Press, Joseph Dennigan (1910–1950) was called as a witness in a case in December 1933 against a member of the 'Blueshirts', a quasi-fascist organisation. Dennigan declined to identify the official sources who he consulted in writing an article about the prohibition of the organisation. The decision to impose a one-month sentence on the journalist generated considerable political reaction and extensive coverage in the Irish and international press. Drawing on Dennigan papers, this article examines the contempt case and also issues that arise from this particular episode, specifically government transition and politician-source relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The study aimed to assess anxiety and fear of COVID-19 among home-staying Bangladeshi students. Participants: A total of 3997 university students across Bangladesh participated in the study. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using the generalized anxiety disorder scale and the fear of COVID-19 scale to measure anxiety and fear, respectively. Results: 40.11% of participants had anxiety. Fear of death by COVID-19 (β1'=4.45; 95% CI: 3.99-4.90) and perceiving COVID-19-like symptoms as having COVID-19 (β1'=2.47; 95% CI: 1.76-3.18) were associated with higher fear. Exposure to COVID-19 news on social media was a predictor of fear and anxiety. Furthermore, the severe educational loss was associated with fear (β1'=2.88; 95% CI: 2.25-3.50) and anxiety (β2'=1.91; 95% CI: 1.41 to 2.41). Physical exercise and recreational activities were protective factors for fear and anxiety. Conclusion: The study reports a higher level of psychological difficulties among students during the COVID-19 pandemic which needs further longitudinal exploration to design appropriate interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In June 1849, James K. Polk died from cholera in Nashville, less than four months removed from the presidency. Seizing on a sensational column in the New York Herald, the editor of the Tennessee Baptist, J. R. Graves, used Polk’s hasty deathbed conversion to educate southerners about the inherent dangers they embraced when they joined Methodist and Presbyterian congregations. The ensuing debate offers a window into the sectarian edge of Nashville’s religious weeklies, revealing that far from fearing greed or secularization, they embraced competition from other Protestant denominations in a race to build a modern, denominational press that could evangelize the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Did love conquer marriage between the 19th and 20th centuries in France? Does a personal choice imply a free choice? To date, no study has had access to sources that are both numerous and sufficiently stable over the vast period of the 19th and 20th centuries to allow a comprehensive examination of the simultaneous emergence of the love marriage norm and its impact on spouse selection. This paper sets out specifically to explore the issues of spouse selection and the eco-intimate changes in marriages, highlighting the evolution of the love marriage norm, using the archives of matrimonial agencies and advertisements from the 19th and 20th centuries. While the writings of the time debated the merits of marrying for money versus marrying for love, the dating market was serving a bourgeois clientele in search of homogamy. The study of agency operations shows how these marriages first unite two families and two heritages from the same milieu. This good match is seen as a necessary condition for mutual affection. When, in the 20th century, matrimonial ads more systematically enabled individuals to search for their spouse themselves, without the help of their family, these economic stakes did not disappear, but underwent a significant evolution. They are now put on the same level as moral and physical criteria. While homogamy was still preferred, it was no longer considered the only condition for a happy union. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Latinxs lack equitable access to science-based, accessible, trustworthy, and bilingual health information and rely heavily on TV news as a source of health information. This study examines how TV news media convey COVID-19 health- and safety-related information to the public, focusing on communications that target Latinxs in the US, a group disproportionately affected by COVID-19. Method: To understand how information targets Latinxs, we analyzed conceptual metaphors used in Spanish and English descriptions of the COVID-19 pandemic using TV news archive. Metaphor is an integral part of daily communication that can help people explain what is abstract in terms of what is concrete. Our analysis focused on prominent COVID-19 metaphors in both languages: war, journey, and natural disaster. Results: Similar to previous studies, we found that war metaphors were pervasive in English, for instance, as in 'Diagnostic testing is the only weapon that allows you to fight COVID-19' and 'a 15-day battle with COVID-19.' A new finding was that war metaphors were even more common in Spanish than in English. The journey metaphor had similar rates of use in both languages, while the natural disaster metaphors were more common in English than in Spanish. Conclusions: Our work provides novel insights into how TV news reports use metaphor to convey information about COVID-19 to viewers in English and Spanish. We also offer implications on using culturally informed language and conclude with directions for future research to guide health communications serving linguistic minority communities such as Latinxs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study identified rural community experiences and preferences related to available resources and their effects on stress following tornadoes and floods. Methods: The Rural Natural Disaster Stress and Recovery survey was distributed from December 2021 to February 2022 in rural disaster-affected communities. Within the analysis sample (N = 159) of self-selected participants representing both agricultural and non-agricultural occupations, 125 responded to the Resource Use and Effect survey component that evaluated the effects of 22 resources on post-disaster stress. Additional qualitative questions provided further data. Results: The most frequently used resources post-disaster were found to be talking about the event (98.3%), friends and neighbors (97.6%) and family (97.6%). Using a derived Impact per Use score, groups from the neighboring community and personal faith activities most often reduced stress. Resources that increased stress were identified as FEMA or other government organizations; repairing, replacing, or rebuilding property; and following news or social media. Participants reported help from their community (35.8%) or things they did for themselves (31.2%) most effectively decreased disaster stress. Family, friends, faith, neighbors, and community were top choices to decrease stress in a future disaster. Conclusion: Rural residents identified available resources for reducing disaster stress, but some common post-disaster activities were found to increase stress. Rural emergency management should adapt response and recovery plans and activities to leverage readily accessible people, groups, and activities to mitigate negative mental and emotional health effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, cultural policymaking frequently came to the fore in media debates about the impact of the crisis and measures to alleviate it. In this article, we present evidence of how newspaper coverage of the cultural and creative industries (CCIs) identified and framed competing perceptions of the relative utility of policymaking in this context, while also problematising familiar assumptions about the CCIs among policymakers, journalists and (arguably) the public. Specifically, we analysed British news and editorial items (n.4,162) published from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2020. It offers a novel investigation into the ways in which media and policy rhetoric overlap, interact and influence each other. In doing so, this article contributes a unique perspective to the study and practice of cultural policy, bringing to light the typically underexplored role of the news media in shaping the narratives driving cultural policy deliberation and action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change has become a global issue, but no study has examined the discursive construction of resistance to climate change as part of crisis response in the media. To fill this gap, this study employs Wodak's discourse-historical approach to examine 82 news articles collected from China's English-language news media. The analysis reveals three themes used in the construction of a discourse of resistance to climate change: (1) climate change as a global enemy, (2) China as a leading climate change fighter, and (3) other nations as China's allies in the fight. These themes are articulated in the news stories using discursive strategies such as nomination, predication, argumentation, and mitigation. The article sheds light on the language state-run news media uses to project China's image abroad and encourage international collaboration and action in the fight against climate change. It also illustrates how discourse analysis can illuminate the geopolitical and sociocultural dimensions of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metaphorical language describing the COVID-19 pandemic as a war has been pervasive in public discourse (e.g. "the pandemic is a war," "the virus is an enemy," and "the vaccine is a weapon"). This study employs an online survey experiment (N = 551 U.S. adults) to examine the impact of war metaphors compared to non-metaphorical literal frames and fire metaphors (e.g. "the pandemic is a wildfire"). War metaphors exhibited little advantage over literal frames across a variety of desirable outcomes (i.e. the adoption of pro-health behaviors against COVID-19, perceived solidarity and collective responsibility to curb the pandemic, and intentions to discuss and share the health news with others). However, this study revealed some benefits of war metaphors over fire metaphors. Compared with fire metaphors, health news featuring war metaphors increased both positive emotions and perceived threats of COVID-19, which in turn promoted pro-health behaviors against COVID-19 and perceived solidarity to cope with the public health crisis. Moreover, positive emotions in response to war metaphors also indirectly encouraged the retransmission of science-based COVID-19 health news. This study thus showcased the benefits and limitations of war metaphors and revealed the mediating roles of perceived threats and positive emotions in explaining war metaphorical framing effects. Implications of using war and fire metaphors for communicating about public health crises are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analysing legal cases involving libel, rioting, sedition, and breaches of the press acts in colonial and postcolonial India, this article emphasises the continued relevance of eighteenth-century common law precedents to the conceptualisation of 'freedom of expression'. Lawyer Thomas Erskine's advocacy of liberty of speech in a series of seditious libel trials and Lord Mansfield's notable commentary in the Shipley (Dean of St. Asaph) case provided a resilient framework for adjudicating the issue until the 1950s. Changes in the Indian political climate, however, prompted varying reassessments of these findings. Prior to 1910, judges and defendants in the trials of Reverend James Long, Kahanji Dharamsingh, and B. G. Tilak mined Erskine's speeches as a resource that could help them clarify authorial intent, gauge the 'tendency' of texts, and specify the constitutional role of the jury. After this period, debates over freedom of expression increasingly centred upon Mansfield's ruling — popularised by scholar A. V. Dicey — that solely associated liberty of speech with the absence of licenses for publication. Thereafter, critics of the Indian press acts weaponized Mansfield's ruling to challenge the colonial state's burgeoning autocracy. By the 1950s, a third shift had occurred as justices and parliamentarians offered contrary interpretations of Dicey's own analysis in debating the Indian government's continued reliance on censorship laws. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To examine the effect of positive elements in suicide reporting guidelines, we assessed how responsible reporting on suicide (RRS) affect cognitive and intentional responses. We also investigated the moderating role of audience reflectiveness in news processing. Here, 308 individuals participated in a single-factor between-subject experiment conducted in South Korea. We manipulated the number of positive RRS features in news articles by adding suicide statistics, contact information for helplines, and efficacy-enforcing information. Overall, news articles containing multiple RRS elements had a stronger impact on behavioral intentions to help others in a suicidal crisis than a basic news article without RRS elements. Interestingly, reflectiveness had a stronger influence on individuals who read a suicide news report having the most RRS elements relative to those who read suicide news without any RRS elements, signifying an indirect impact of suicide news on intentions to help. The implications of this RRS effect identified are discussed in terms of suicide prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is a textual analysis of Egyptian queer activist Sarah Hegazi's suicide in 2020. Based on a grounded theory approach, qualitative analysis was performed on 23 media articles from Egypt, Lebanon, and the United States, with particular focus on episodic/thematic frames and the stigma/stigma-challenging frames due to their significance in studies about mental illness. The main findings reveal that Egypt had the highest stigma frames coupled with the lowest sympathy theme and the least attack on the Egyptian regime, whereas US and Lebanese outlets displayed high sympathy and vehemently attacked the Egyptian regime. Further, the study explains the findings in relation to country media systems. The significance of the study lies in its analysis of media coverage in three countries to help us understand how Arab and American media discuss the intersection of mental health and queerness in the Arab world. It also enriches the health communication literature as the first study to analyze the framing of the suicide of an Arab woman outside the context of war. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the mass media reception of Annie Ernaux's 2022 Nobel Prize, particularly the criticisms in the French press. After the award announcement, Ernaux was at once celebrated for her feminist writing and vilified for her socio-ethnographic approach and political engagements. French journalists and critics have deemed her Nobel illegitimate, calling into question the Swedish Academy's choice. The article probes the concept of 'il/legitimacy' by drawing on Pierre Bourdieu's sociology of culture and by reading Ernaux's award within three contexts: the history of the Nobel Prize in Literature; mass media evaluations of her works' aesthetic value; and literary debates about the impact of authors' politics on their candidacy to the Nobel. I argue that the legitimacy of Ernaux's Nobel Prize is the result of a process of cultural negotiation involving authors, texts, and individual as well as institutional agents. Becoming a Nobel laureate is a lengthy process that needs to be examined in the light of all these factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conversational technologies such as chatbots have shown to be promising in eliciting self-disclosure in several contexts. Implementing such a technology that fosters self-disclosure can help to assess sensitive topics such as behaviours that are perceived as unaccepted by others, i.e. the exposure to unaccepted (alternative) news sources. This study tests whether a conversational (chatbot) format, compared to a traditional web-based survey, can enhance self-disclosure in the political news context by implementing a two-week longitudinal, experimental research design (n = 193). Results show that users disclose unaccepted news exposure significantly more often to a chatbot, compared to a traditional web-based survey, providing evidence for a chatbots' ability to foster the disclosure of sensitive behaviours. Unlike our hypotheses, our study also shows that social presence, intimacy, and enjoyment cannot explain self-disclosure in this context, and that self-disclosure generally decreases over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1930s São Paulo, Brazil, amid shifting social conditions, the black population, bolstered by movements like the Frente Negra Brasileira (Brazilian Black Front), sought social integration. Central to their efforts was the newspaper A Voz da Raça, which promoted sports events, particularly football, where black clubs gained visibility. However, racial and social segregation persisted in many clubs due to eugenics and hygiene ideologies. This study examines how A Voz da Raça portrayed lifestyle through football. Drawing on Cultural History and Bourdieu's concept of 'field', it analyzes power dynamics in football and its representations. The newspaper emphasized morality, physicality, and patriotism, aligning with hygienist ideals to foster disciplined, organized lifestyles and a sense of national belonging among black individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Misinformation and substance use both increased substantially during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined potential links between misinformation beliefs and substance use among adults, along with the potential for media literacy to mitigate misinformation's influences on problematic use of widely available substances of misuse. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test a theoretical model of media literacy's effects on substance use, fully mediated by disinformation beliefs, with a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults recruited through a Qualtrics panel of adults using census-based quotas for geographic region, population density, ethnic diversity and gender (N = 1264). The sample was 51.5% male (N = 651); 46.7% female (N = 591); 1.1% nonbinary (N = 13); and 0.7% (N = 9) not reporting. Media literacy for source of news positively associated with media literacy for content of news (b = 0.814, p < 0.001). Media literacy for content of news then positively associated with science media literacy (b = 0.192, p < 0.001). Science media literacy then negatively associated with disinformation beliefs (b = −0.586, p < 0.001), and COVID-19 disinformation beliefs associated with an increase in substance use (b = 0.466, p < 0.001). Disinformation beliefs also associated with alcohol and sleep medication co-use (odds = 1.956, p < 0.05). Results demonstrate media literacy's value for substance misuse prevention and effective public health messaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global nature of air pollution and the range of distances pollutant particles can travel warrant the general population to be knowledgeable about air related events, not only regionally, but also nationally and internationally. Current awareness about air pollution among the public remains low, but this can be mitigated by detailed coverage of these events in the media. The study addresses this by analyzing the content included in air pollution-related news articles. More specifically, this study aims to determine the comprehensiveness of news sources netizens consult to potentially inform their environmental health-related decisions. Of 14 content areas that were looked for in the 100-article sample, two (research findings mentioned and type of particles) were found in a majority (>50%) of the articles. Official complaints and Air Quality Index (AQI) were included in less than 10% of the articles sampled with each only being featured in six articles. Independent Chi-square tests (α =.05) determined that URL extension had a statistical effect on the inclusion of the following three areas: types of particles (p =.0280), type of community (p =.0280), and AQI (p =.0316). In all cases, the.com articles featured the given content in more articles than those from other website extensions. This research should be used to drive the conversation about air pollution awareness and knowledge among the general population and how their acquired knowledge influences their health behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers and practitioners have unanimously acknowledged the impact of legacy media coverage of past pandemics as well as COVID-19 and its importance for health-related risk communication. Therefore, this study provides scholars and health communication practitioners with a deeper understanding of the patterns, main themes, and limitations of media reporting and peer-reviewed research in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in different national media environments. Because the objective is to evaluate patterns, this paper focuses on early quantitative and automated content analyses for theoretical contribution, geographic diversity, methodological rigor, and inclusion of risk and crisis communication theory. It also assesses whether authors deduced implications, for both theory and practice of health-related risk and crisis communication. We conducted a content analysis of 66 studies in peer-reviewed journals from the beginning of the pandemic until April 2022. The findings demonstrate that early quantitative analyses of the news coverage of COVID-19 are often not theory-driven, apply heterogeneous forms of framing analysis, and lack references to risk and crisis communication theory. Consequently, only few implications for health communication practice during pandemics were drawn. However, there is evidence of improvement in geographic scope compared to previous research. The discussion addresses the importance of developing a consistent approach to framing analyses of risk and crisis media coverage and the importance of well-designed cross-cultural research in a global pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses an interview given by Princess Nazlı Fazıl (1856–1913) on 3 June 1899 to the British journal The Gentlewoman. Examining this rare instance of the representation of an elite Ottoman woman in the British media, this article demonstrates how Princess Nazlı used the foreign press to advance her own interests both abroad and at home. To her elite British readership, she presented herself as an ardent Anglophile and supporter of colonial interests in Egypt. To her Ottoman readership, in particular the Ottoman Sultan Abdülhamid II with whom Princess Nazlı maintained a strained but dependent relationship, she flaunted these powerful connections to assure herself protection from Ottoman authorities. This case study contributes to the reconsideration of how elite Ottoman women operated within the political sphere, using the press to manage their social image within and beyond Ottoman society to advance their own political agendas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the media coverage of the first wave of the COVID-19 crisis. The analysis of 213 items from leading TV channels and newspapers revealed four main themes characterising the: coverage of the establishment's preparations, coverage of morbidity, criticism of the establishment, and information provision. By and large, the media acted as a 'mobilized press', encouraging the public to follow guidelines, but criticism of certain sectors of the public and individuals was almost absent. The article demonstrates that the phenomenon of 'rallying around the flag' is common in both security and health crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recognizing the need for more evidence-based interventions and the potential of well-crafted messages in communicating the opioid epidemic, this study investigates the effectiveness of two messaging strategies (i.e., victim vividness and external attribution) that have the potential to mitigate stigmatization and influence a wide range of public policies concerning the opioid epidemic. Building upon the attribution theory of interpersonal behavior, an experiment with a 2 (victim vividness: high vs. low) × 2 (external attribution: present vs. absent) between-subjects factorial design was conducted among a national sample of U.S. adults (N = 995). The findings show that the messages with greater victim vividness reduced support for victim-oriented punitive policies, whereas the messages that mentioned external attribution increased support for perpetrator-oriented punitive policies. In addition, the two messaging strategies also worked indirectly through various emotions to influence policy support. Discussions on this study's contributions to both theory and practice are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of live shopping has introduced a new form of celebrity endorsement. This study examines the impact of negative news related to streamers on viewers' purchasing behaviour during live streaming, considering different types of negative news. Drawing on research related to celebrity endorsement and information dissemination, this study presents the results from one natural experiment and four lab experiments. The findings suggest that negative news about streamers, as well as their responses to such news, positively influence viewers' purchasing behaviour during live streaming, which is mediated by their visit to the live streaming. Furthermore, the study reveals that negative news related to streamers' personal behaviour has a more positive impact than negative news related to the product they are selling. The positive effect of response to negative news is weakened when the response seems to protect the wrongdoers. This study contributes to the development of endorsement theory, retests the model of the endorser effect, and expands the literature about celebrity scandals. Additionally, the findings provide practical suggestions for retailers and streamers who are dealing with negative news. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Children faced many challenges due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the school closure policies that were implemented to combat it. When justifying closures, governments had to decide how to frame children's vulnerability, as their decisions protected children from some harms while forcing them to endure others. Children are typically framed as vulnerable to justify implementing protective policies but given that these protective policies came with severe consequences for children, it was not an inherently appropriate framing in this case. This study compares the press releases about school closures produced by the Victorian and New South Wales state governments to examine how they framed children's vulnerability and how this positioned their obligation to protect children. It concludes that even though school closures were protective policies, neither government framed children as particularly vulnerable. This is likely explained by the fact that many of the consequences of school closures were harmful to children, so emphasising their vulnerability may have made it harder to retain public support for these policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How and why does legacy news media move from protecting to undermining democracy? Several studies argue that journalism can facilitate and shape democratic backsliding. However, evidence is scarce and, to some extent, limited to the content analysis of news outputs and editorials. The causal mechanisms of an anti-democratic role for the press and how it is operationalised into specific processes of news production remain largely misunderstood. Using 36 semi-structured qualitative interviews and three case studies, this paper analyses journalistic practices and role perceptions in Brazil within a period of constant decline in the quality of democracy (2016-2021). The results show that labour precarity is a crucial driver in journalistic practices capable of damaging democracy, which challenges previous assumptions that media capture is mostly influenced by the political economy of news organisations. This research also indicates that journalists are not homogeneously dominated by the interests of elites and can engage with them on their own terms to advance personal agendas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A fraction of Hispanic people in the U.S. uses Spanish-language news because a language barrier prevents them using English-language news. Functional theory suggests ethnic media serve ethnic community needs ignored by mainstream media. Research on how Spanish-language news serves U.S. Hispanic communities and differs from English-language news typically studies large, politically liberal cities with large Hispanic populations, neglecting Hispanic people living elsewhere. Content analysis of local newscasts to assess differences between network-affiliated, English-language television stations and the Telemundo affiliate serving a mid-sized, midwestern, politically conservative market addresses these limitations. An analytic framework derived from functional theory categorizes community needs as informational and representational. Results show significantly different agendas between Spanish- and English-language news. Spanish-language news airs more human interest and government stories and fewer crime stories. It addresses unique informational needs, helping orient newcomers and airing government stories that sustain ties to Spanish-speaking countries. Regarding representation, results show Hispanic people are invisible to a greater extent than they are negatively portrayed in English-language news. Thus, Spanish-language local television news serves the Hispanic community by making it visible to itself. However, Spanish-language news focuses on the Hispanic community rather than being a general news source, supplementing rather than substituting for English-language news. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines providers' perceptions of provider-patient communication in reproductive endocrinology and infertility (REI) practices. Grounded in narrative medicine, we interviewed six REI providers about their experiences providing fertility care. REI providers crafted a narrative of bearing witness by (1) situating personal and professional self in REI narratives, (2) sharing news as important medical moments, and (3) cultivating affiliation between provider and patient. These findings offer insight into the power of narrative medicine in fertility care, the role of emplotment in narrative sense-making, and the emotional labor associated with information delivery in REI treatments. We offer several recommendations for how patients and providers can improve communication experiences in REI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Newspapers that address mental disorders affect health care positively or negatively and can affect the public's perspective with the way they explain mental disorders. To examine the representation of news about mental disorders published in Turkish newspapers. Using the document analysis method, 230 news about mental disorders published in the six most read newspapers in 2022 were examined. It has been concluded that the descriptive characteristics of individuals with mental disorders are often stated, schizophrenia and psychotic disorders are mentioned most, mental disorders are associated with delinquency and violent behaviour, these people are mostly represented by being detained as a result of the events, and negative concepts are frequently used in newspaper reports. Five sub-themes were determined under the main theme of "Negative Concepts": "Exaggerated Discourses", "Stigmatizing Discourses", "Discourses Targeting Mental Health", "Discourses That May Cause Negative Emotions", "Discourses Containing Misdescription". Newspaper items about mental disorders are represented as stigmatizing and misleading by using negative concepts. The sensitivity of media workers, the development of mental health policies and cooperation with mental health workers contribute to the recovery process of individuals with mental disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers and epidemiologists are working to improve the capture of agriculture, forestry, and fishing (AgFF) injuries in a variety of ways. A critical component of any surveillance system is the dissemination of information. The purpose of this paper is to report on a survey conducted with AgFF injury surveillance stakeholders to understand preferred dissemination strategies. The survey was distributed using REDCap via web link to organizational stakeholders, which included advisory board members, safety trainers, industry managers and workers, and research collaborators. In total, there were 75 respondents (21% response rate). Occupation and industry influenced preference in update methods. Regarding the length and breadth of updates, 63% of respondents prefer reports (one to five pages), followed by 57% desiring a summary (less than one page), while only 24% wanted a detailed analysis. Social media and news preferences were also different among stakeholders. Surveillance data were desired for 1) trend analysis, 2) tailoring activities and solutions for education, training, outreach and interventions and 3) for research purposes such as grant proposals and evaluation. The dissemination of injury surveillance data should be tailored to the intended audience. Greater attention needs to be paid to the ways in which we share our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes public sentiment on news sites and Twitter concerning the development of the Trans-Sumatra Toll Road (JTTS). Applying a lexicon-based approach to calculate sentiment scores, this study found a predominance of positive sentiments in news articles and tweets regarding the JTTS development. Employing multinomial logit estimation to examine the determining factors, this study however found no specific relationship between JTTS segment completion and public sentiment on news sites or Twitter. Nonetheless, the association changed and became noticeable on Twitter after controlling the effects of socioeconomic characteristics on sentiment scores. The development status of the JTTS segment influenced public sentiment considerably. This study highlights the potential of social media to facilitate public engagement and inform government decision making. Furthermore, it offers a comprehensive analysis of public sentiment regarding toll road infrastructure development by incorporating multiple stakeholders, including government agencies, business actors, community organizations (via news articles), and local communities (via Twitter data), and highlights various interests, concerns, and conflicts surrounding toll road projects. The investigation of socioeconomic and demographic factors in relation to public sentiment further contributes to our understanding of the underlying influences and dynamics that shape opinions on toll-road infrastructure through sentiment analysis and quantitative methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on a critical discursive perspective, this work analyses the ideology around the languages spoken in Italy, namely Italian and contested languages such as Lombard, Neapolitan or Sicilian, which are commonly referred to as ‘dialects’. The aim is to study how journalists construct, spread and justify a monolingual ideology that favours central nationalism (or macronationalism). Seventy-one articles have been examined, which were published online by the major Italian newspaper la Repubblica (www.repubblica.it) in 2011, the year of the 150th anniversary of the unification of Italy. The analysis shows that journalists contribute to Italian macronationalism mainly through three discursive strategies: references to plurality, language hierarchisation, and suffering erasure. In the first strategy, contested languages are negatively framed as many, unintelligible and divisive. In the second, a categorisation such as ‘language/dialect’ is used which legitimises Italian and delegitimises contested languages by negating their very languageness. In the third strategy, narratives on the unification process are used that erase the suffering brought about by the eradication of contested languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When enslaved people were accused of poisoning enslavers, it was newsworthy throughout the antebellum United States. Part of the broad appeal of such articles was their malleability; as reports of supposed poison plots or arsenic in a planter's coffee travelled from newspapers in slave states to the pages of Northern publications, the articles morphed in form, purpose, and emotional tone. Southern readers looked to stories about thwarted poison plots to assuage their fears of a similar fate and present a brave united front. Meanwhile, Northern newspapers invited a host of other emotions from their audience, from enjoyment and schadenfreude to sympathy and anger. This article on messaging about slavery, poison, and fear in the antebellum United States builds on my monograph, Mastering Emotions: Feelings, Power, and Slavery in the United States, to focus on the emotional politics of fear. Examining how news about enslaved poisoners circulated and shapeshifted sheds light on the relationship between the antebellum press and collective emotions, and on the role of fear in defenses and critiques of slavery. While the Southern press framed stories about enslaved poisoners to address and manage members of the slaveocracy's fears, the abolitionist press worked to invoke and amplify that terror. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article studies the application of framing in press publications concerning the protests against the ruling of the Polish Constitutional Tribunal respecting the legality of abortion. Using the modified method of Semetko and Valkenburg the analysis shows that both liberal- and conservative-leaning journalists employ the same types of frames but do it for different purposes and suggest different interpretations of events to the readers. At the same time, the article looks into the possibility of studying evaluative vocabulary and collective symbols as indicators, which help measure the frames used by authors of journalistic pieces. The analysis of these two elements allows for determining which particular frames serve to substantiate the opinions of the authors and to direct the recipients toward the senders' desired interpretations. The analysis also makes it possible to reconstruct the images of the protests presented by conservative and liberal press, respectively, thanks to which their attitude toward the situation in Poland between October and December 2020 becomes apparent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Estimates of the number of ethnic Latvian immigrants and their descendants who lived in the United States and Canada before World War II have varied widely. Reports in scholarly and popular publications from the period, as well as later work, often relied on replication of unsubstantiated information or on incomplete readings of federal census data. This article examines these sources and suggests that the population of pre-war ethnic Latvians was much smaller than often reported, a finding that has ramifications for how we understand their perceived failure of cultural maintenance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been a debate about the suitability of different narratives in educative suicide prevention materials. Whereas some suicide prevention experts recommend raising awareness of suicide by highlighting its prevalence, others argue that this approach may normalize suicide and advocate focusing on help resources instead. Unfortunately, empirical evidence regarding this question is lacking. This randomized controlled trial aimed to test the impact of educative news articles that conveyed different narratives of suicide prevention. One article focused on the prevalence of suicide, one article highlighted professional help resources, and one article emphasized on how everyone can help to prevent suicide. We randomized n = 334 participants to read either one of these three articles or an article unrelated to suicide. Data on suicidal ideation, stigmatizing attitudes toward suicidal individuals, attitudes toward suicide prevention, and help-seeking intentions were collected with questionnaires, and implicit measures were used to assess participants' mental accessibility of concepts related to suicide and suicide prevention. Participants exposed to the article highlighting the high prevalence of suicide tended to show a higher accessibility of potentially detrimental cognitive concepts related to suicide. In contrast, the accessibility of the concept of "helping" and that "suicide is preventable" was higher in participants' memory when exposed to materials focusing on help. It seems that the impact of educative suicide awareness materials on readers' access to suicide- and suicide-prevention-related concepts in memory varied depending on the narrative featured in the article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Political polarization surrounding the COVID-19 health crisis has been on the rise since the beginning of the pandemic. We combine prior research on motivated reasoning, selective exposure, and news framing to understand the association between partisan media use and social distancing behavior related to COVID-19. To do so, we collected media content data and national survey data during the onset of the pandemic. We employed structural topic modeling (STM), dependency parsing, word co-occurrence, and manual coding to examine the media coverage. Next, we analyzed survey data collected with a Qualtrics panel from a sample of U.S. residents for factors explaining social distancing behaviors. Results reveal coverage from the right leaning outlets downplayed the virus and highlighted the consequences of lockdowns on the economy. Our survey findings show that even after accounting for a range of demographic, political orientation, and COVID-19 awareness variables, conservative media use was linked, although modestly, with a lower likelihood of social distancing behavior. Our findings echo past research on media framing of pandemics and their association with public attitudes and behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Utilizing agenda-building theory, we explore how campaigns and parties influenced press and public agendas during Florida's 2018 midterm election. We investigate if the Gubernatorial and Senate campaigns transferred issue salience and affective attributes to press coverage and online public discourse. Results of a mixed-method computer-assisted content analysis suggest weak transfer of issue salience and affective attributes by the campaigns and parties to the press and public agendas. The DeSantis campaign and Republican Party were the most successful at influencing press coverage and public discourse. First-level agenda-setting was observed by press coverage on the Gillum campaign and Democratic Party's agendas. The symmetry between these findings and election results offers correlational support for the limited effects of first- and second-level agenda-building and -setting in state elections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the concept of the Imperial Public Sphere (IPS) in the Portuguese empire as a space for confrontation and negotiation within the framework of nineteenth and twentieth-century European colonial empires. In order to demonstrate the origin of political and ideological power, the emergence of IPS is characterized and its fundamental structures identified. The protagonists of IPS are revealed as the 'imperial' and 'colonial' elites. It concludes with the IPS hypothesis that the press and journalism are structures, institutions and mechanisms of political, social and cultural power that are essential for understanding colonial empires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flashbulb memories (FBMs) refer to vivid and long-lasting autobiographical memories for the circumstances in which people learned of a shocking and consequential public event. A cross-national study across eleven countries aimed to investigate FBM formation following the first COVID-19 case news in each country and test the effect of pandemic-related variables on FBM. Participants had detailed memories of the date and others present when they heard the news, and had partially detailed memories of the place, activity, and news source. China had the highest FBM specificity. All countries considered the COVID-19 emergency as highly significant at both the individual and global level. The Classification and Regression Tree Analysis revealed that FBM specificity might be influenced by participants' age, subjective severity (assessment of COVID-19 impact in each country and relative to others), residing in an area with stringent COVID-19 protection measures, and expecting the pandemic effects. Hierarchical regression models demonstrated that age and subjective severity negatively predicted FBM specificity, whereas sex, pandemic impact expectedness, and rehearsal showed positive associations in the total sample. Subjective severity negatively affected FBM specificity in Turkey, whereas pandemic impact expectedness positively influenced FBM specificity in China and negatively in Denmark. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From the perspective of the user experience of media products, the study primarily focuses on the influence of users' interaction mode on cognitive absorption. Specifically, 80 participants were recruited and randomly assigned to different interactive modes: a conversational interactive news interface and a webpage-based interactive news interface. They needed to be recorded with an EEG during the interaction and completion of the cognitive absorption (CA) scale after the interaction. The results demonstrated that there were significant differences in CA between the webpage-based interaction group and the conversational interaction group. Meanwhile, the PSD of theta and delta bands under the conversational interaction group appeared to be significantly higher. Besides, the frontal EEG asymmetry in the conversational interaction group was significantly higher than in the webpage-based interaction group. In contrast, the individual alpha frequency of the webpage-based interaction group was higher than that of the conversational interaction group. These results suggest that conversational interaction reduces the user's reading difficulty while also reduces the cognitive load in the process of task. This helps improve user's level of being immersed, enjoyment, sense of control, and curiosity while also improving users' cognitive absorption as they also exhibit stronger positive emotional experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the use of gendered language and stereotypes in media coverage of disinformation campaigns and anti-feminist rhetoric. It highlights how women are often portrayed as naive consumers of misinformation, while men are seen as the astute producers of disinformation. The article also examines the Pizzagate conspiracy theory and how it was framed in the media, ignoring the role of sexism and anti-feminism in promoting the theory. The authors argue for a more nuanced understanding of disinformation and the need to challenge patriarchal expertise in journalism, politics, and academia. [Extracted from the article]

In this paper, I reflect on the experience of the Australian summer bushfires of 2019/2020 and the different ways forms of media reporting amplified its affects. Across broadcast media, local response, social media and personal account, I chart alternate stories during and after the event-as-spectacle. Taking into account the socio-political climate, the climatic atmosphere and the ongoing anxiety after the fires, I consider the use of apocalyptic words alongside the repetitive pairing of affective images to question what these might reveal about ourselves. Through the lens of affect attention is drawn to the many interacting conditions and forces that coalesce and gather as attachments, ideas, or assumptions and how these might influence perceptions of the event and actions in the aftermath of fire threat. Woven into the paper is my personal writing alongside details drawn from select Instagram accounts recording the everyday labours of caring for a place during and after the fires. As a counter-narrative to obliteration and all things lost, these missives disclose a different understanding of the event, long after the news media has moved on. For the authors and followers alike, lessons are revealed through attention to the land and hope in the processes of everyday encounters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the last 5 years, regulating ridehailing has risen to the top of the agenda in nearly every major city. There is an established academic literature that speaks to how traditional news media shapes and informs the regulatory agenda for municipalities. Building off this literature, we investigate the role that traditional news media played in shaping the debate about regulating ridehailing in Canadian cities. After searching and analyzing the news media coverage of six major events and four general themes in eight major news media publications in Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver, we conclude that publications rarely took a consistent political/ideological viewpoint. We offer three non-mutually exclusive contributory factors to explain our results, however, the authors would like to emphasize that consolidation and profit-maximizing behavior in the news industry have led to the relinquishment of news media's historical role in municipal agenda-setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]