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In this work, Neolamarckia cadamba (cadamba), also known as bur flower tree has been exercised to demonstrate as an excellent methylene blue scavenger from simulated as well as industrial wastewater. The particle morphology and structural insights were gained from FESEM, BET surface area, FTIR, and pHZPC. The adsorption behavior was mapped by different physico-chemical parameters such as contact time, pH, input concentration, and temperature. Experimental data reveal rapid adsorption, and >90% uptake was successful within the first 15 min and reaches equilibrium by 45 min (removal efficiency = 94.15%) at neutral pH. The maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 115.60 mg/g. The uptake process follows pseudo-second-order kinetics (R² = 0.99), confirming a chemisorption process while the Langmuir model (R² = 0.99) satisfactorily addresses the adsorption path. Thermodynamic parameters suggest a spontaneous, feasible, and exothermic process with increased entropy. Spent adsorbent could easily be regenerated in up to 74% using 1:1 MeOH/H2O with a potential of three-cycle use. Real-time efficacy has been established with an MB containing industrial effluent and up to 44.70% adsorption, which confirms the material's practical applicability. Statistical reliability was confirmed by the relative standard deviation. Altogether, the present material offers clean and green removal of methylene blue dye from versatile wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant parts have unfathomable potential in the synthesis of nanoparticles. The current study was designed for the photosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (NC-AgNPs) using bark extract of N. cadamba. Different analytical methods were used to characterize the synthesized nanoparticles. HR-TEM analysis identifies the formation of multi-shaped NC-AgNPs like spherical, quasi-spherical, rod-shaped, trigonal, square, pentagonal, and hexagonal with a size range of 18-91 nm. The crystallize size of NC-AgNPs was found to be 27.6 nm. The catalytic effectiveness of NC-AgNPs in degrading Crystal violet (CV) dye is remarkable. Important parameters such as the effect of catalyst dose and pH were investigated. Dose-dependentantioxidant activity of NC-AgNPs was determined by using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Low-cost synthesis and eco-friendly reagents were the salient features that made NC-AgNPs more attractive toward catalytic and antioxidant activities. N. cadamba bark was used the first time as a green source for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The synthesis of different shapes of nanoparticles in one-step synthesis. The study of NC-AgNPs for their catalytic and antioxidant activities is reported for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article records for the first time the isolation of Ursolic acid from the leaves of Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser (Family: Rubiaceae) using ultrasonic waves. This bioactive triterpenic acid was isolated without its isomer, oleanolic acid, in a very convenient way with good yield. The structure was identified by means of one dimensional Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopic techniques like 1H NMR, 13C NMR, distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) and two dimensional NMR spectroscopic method for example, heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC). It was also assayed for antidiabetic and antioxidant potencies. About 71.5 mg of pure ursolic acid was isolated from 2.6 grams of ethyl acetate soluble fraction using sono-maceration as an extraction technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new steroidal saponins, β-sitosterol-3-O-α-l-glucopyranoside (3) and β-sitosterol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranoside (4), were isolated and identified from the bark of Neolamarckia cadamba, along with 13 known compounds. Their structures were established on the basis of spectral data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neolamarckia cadamba is a miracle tree species with considerable economic potential used as a timber wood and traditional medicine resource in South and Southeast Asia. To better understand the molecular basis of its chloroplast biology, we sequenced and characterised the complete chloroplast genome using Illumina pair-end sequencing. The analysis showed a chloroplast genome size of 154,999 bp in length, harbouring a pair of inverted repeats (IRs) of 25,634 bp separated by a large single copy (LSC) sequence of 85,880 bp and a small single copy (SSC) sequence of 17,851 bp. Of the 130 genes present, 96 were unique and 17 were duplicated in the IRs. The coding regions comprised 79 protein genes, 30 tRNA genes and 4 rRNA genes. In the protein-coding genes, nine genes contained one intron each, while another two genes comprised two introns. The overall GC content of the chloroplast genome was 37.6%. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) analysis revealed that most SSRs were A/T-rich, which contributed to the overall AT richness of the N. cadamba chloroplast genome. Additionally, fewer SSRs distributed in the protein-coding sequences compared to the non-coding regions, indicating an uneven distribution of SSRs within the chloroplast genome. A maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis showed that N. cadamba was closely related to Morinda officinalis and Emmenopterys henryi, which belong to the Rubiaceae family. This complete chloroplast genome will offer valuable information for the development of highly variable DNA markers for future conservation, genetic engineering studies and variety selection of this miracle tree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a class of important cell growth regulators, expansins have been studied for over 20 years. SinceNeolamarckia cadamba(Roxb.) Bosser was praised as a ‘miraculous tree’ at the World Forestry Congress in 1972 due to its rapid growth. A lot of research has been carried out to uncover the underlying mechanisms of this rapid growth. Based on previous findings and our research, we hypothesized that expansins may play an important role in such growth. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that theN. cadambaexpansin family memberNcEXPA8is highly expressed in all four young tissues, particularly in the cambium region, suggesting thatNcEXPA8acts as a key regulator of secondary growth in this gene family. Overexpression ofNcEXPA8inArabidopsis thalianaincreased the diameter and height of the main stem. It also promoted interfascicular fiber cell elongation and cell-wall thickness but did not alter the cellulose content in the cell wall. These results suggested that expansins act as activators during secondary fiber cell elongation during tip growth to promote plant growth. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Abstract:Kadam (Neolamarkia cadambaRoxb.) tree has wide spectrum bioactivities such as analgesic, antipyretic, anti inflammatory hypolipidemic and antidiabetic. However, very little is known about its antioxidant properties. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to investigate phyto-constitution and antioxidant properties of leaves and fruits ofN. cadamba. Extracts of the leaves and fruits prepared with methanol and hexane were used to investigate phyto-constituents and antioxidant properties. Antioxidant properties were assessed by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and riboflavin-light NBT assay systems. Metal ion chelating and reducing potential were determined by ferrous iron-ferrozine complex and potassium ferricyanide methods. The contents of phenolics, flavonoids and proanthocyanidins measured in leaf methanol extract were 48.0 mgGAE/g DW, 103.3 mgQE/g DW and 106.0 mg CE/g DW, whereas in fruit methanol extracts significantly lower with values 18.0, 15.4 and 47.6, respectively. Both leaf and fruit extracts exhibited strong DPPH radical- scavenging and Fe2+ chelating activities. However, superoxide anion scavenging activity of the fruit extract was much higher than leaf extract. Correlation analysis has revealed that antioxidant properties of leaf and fruit extract were correlated with their phenolics content. Antioxidant properties were similar to those of standard antioxidants used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]