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The Old Melbourne Gaol maintains a crucial place in social histories of the city. The Gaol ceased operation in 1924 and, as a heritage site, locates its history firmly in the nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. While the exhibition invites a moral consideration of modes of punishment implemented in the gaol, its critique suggests resolution: these are not practices that we engage in now. By presenting these kinds of closed or finished narratives, the site turns visitors firmly towards the past rather than creating a site which invites reflection on the harms that carceral institutions continue to inflict in the present day. This, we argue, has a particular significance for Care-leavers, who are a significant demographic to have passed through the Gaol's walls. While recognising that a site like the Old Melbourne Gaol has innumerable memory communities invested in it, and that no presentation of the site might fully satisfy them all, this article argues for present-looking public histories that place the gaol's history in conversation with weighty social justice issues of today, including acknowledging the gaol's role as part of the foundations of the 'care'-to-prison pipeline observed by many activists as a pressing social issue in the twenty-first century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the organizational identity orientations (IDOs) of members in the higher education context. We conducted a survey of students, faculty, and staff at a large public university to explore their perceptions of the university's identity at a time of organizational change under new leadership and investigated how they compared on the individualistic, relational, and collectivistic IDOs. Analysis revealed that faculty and students perceived the university more positively and shared similar rankings of its values in comparison to staff. Additionally, the level of students' collectivistic IDO was higher than that of faculty, and students' relational IDO was higher than that of both faculty and staff. Lastly, the frequency of interaction among members of the same stakeholder group was negatively related to the relational IDO. The theoretical and practical implications of this study contribute to the literature on organizational identification and identity orientation among university stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Much media coverage in recent years has identified the abuses of migrant workers in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries (e.g. Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, United Arab Emirates [UAE], and Saudi Arabia), an increasingly popular migrant destination for Kenyan workers. Due to their unique geo-political and economic profiles, these countries with widespread human rights violations have remained non-responsive primarily to pressure from the international community. Importantly, these factors mask another critical gap in human trafficking research: the lack of reliable data and how best to collect it threatens the effectiveness of existing and proposed interventions in the GCC. To address this gap, this team sought to measure the prevalence of forced labor among recently returned Kenyan migrant workers from GCC countries currently residing in the Nairobi Metro area. Using rigorous estimation strategies in our data collection and analysis, we found that forced labor was pervasive among this population. Practically every Kenyan migrant worker who worked in GCC countries during the studied period could be considered a victim of forced labor. Most striking was the consistency in the high rates of violations across all measures, regardless of which set of indicators we applied in our analysis. Although abuses among migrant workers are not uncommon in wealthy nations, such high rates of forced labor violations in GCC countries are truly rare, if not unprecedented in current prevalence estimation research, and call for massive systemic efforts to address the situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines archival documents, government papers and newspaper reports relating to the first three years of the government-run child welfare system in the Australian colony of Victoria (1864–1866) to present a case study that explores how historians might use emotion as a conceptual tool for engaging with the humanity of marginalised voices from the past, particularly for periods beyond living memory. It argues that studying emotion in public debate reveals important information about the (limited) ways in which colonial society valued vulnerable children of the poor, and that despite the systematic silencing of children within child welfare records, there remain opportunities to connect with their humanity. Through a case study approach, the article demonstrates that emotion can be a tool for developing a contrapuntal reading of sources that present different – sometimes directly contradictory – narratives of events. Thus, the article makes a contribution to the social history of child welfare and also offers approaches to understanding the humanity of people from the past that will be of interest to social historians more broadly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Capital inflows, such as foreign aid, can serve as a means to enhance infrastructure development in developing countries. This suggests that foreign aid might have an impact on the level of industrialization in African nations. While existing studies indicate that foreign aid can affect the competitiveness of the manufacturing sector by appreciating the real exchange rate, the veracity of this claim relies on empirical evidence. This paper explores the influence of aid on manufacturing value added using time-series data spanning from 1990 to 2018 for 27 African countries. Employing a panel vector autoregression technique and generating associated impulse response functions, the study scrutinizes the interactions between foreign aid and manufacturing. The analysis is conducted on both the full dataset and subsamples disaggregated based on the income levels of countries. The results indicate that foreign aid acts as a stimulus for manufacturing, primarily through a sustained depreciation of the real exchange rate. This finding holds true for both the overall dataset and the subset of low-income countries. The study attributes this phenomenon to the strategic utilization of aid to enhance infrastructure, leading to a reduction in the price of non-tradables relative to tradables. Consequently, this enhances the profitability and output capacity of the manufacturing sector in African countries. In essence, the results suggest that foreign aid plays a role in influencing or stimulating industrialization in African countries. The study concludes with a discussion on the implications of these findings for industrial policy in African nations. Impact statement: This paper determines the extent to which foreign aid influences the level of industrialization in African countries. By using time-series data spanning from 1990 to 2018 for 27 African countries, a panel vector autoregression technique and generating associated impulse response functions, the study scrutinizes the interactions between foreign aid and the level of industrialization in African countries. The analysis is conducted on both the full dataset and subsamples disaggregated based on the income levels of countries. Our results negate the general perception that foreign aid inflows harm industrialization in developing countries, which can affect the competitiveness and profitability of manufacturing and lead to deindustrialization. However, this perception has been one-sided because foreign aid can also be used to boost infrastructure in developing countries. The paper helps to unearth the dominant effect of foreign aid in this context and samples African countries because they are generally less developed and industrialized and stand to benefit from foreign aid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent histories have underlined the importance of understanding the nineteenth-century gold rushes which took place in various parts of the anglophone world in relation to settler colonialism, and this work has advanced understandings of gender, race and Empire in significant ways. However, the field has yet to seriously grapple with questions about the role, treatment and positioning of children. This article will examine the Australian colony of Victoria, which was profoundly transformed by a gold rush beginning in 1851. Through case studies of three families – one white, one Chinese and one Aboriginal – the article will illustrate the complex relationships between poverty, colonialism and carceral institutions for children during the second half of the nineteenth century. These case studies allow an exploration that centres on the lives of the children and families forced to navigate an often-inescapable network of institutions, thereby demonstrating the impossibility of separating these institutions (which form the foundations of our modern-day child protection system) from the project and philosophy of settler colonialism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In light of recent studies on the changing views on masculinity, this quantitative study aimed to determine the attitudes of South African undergraduate students toward the display of the tenets associated with orthodox and inclusive masculinities in contact sport, and to determine to what extent these attitudes were predicted by students' gender, race, religiosity, and attitudes toward the importance of primary gender-role sport socialization and homosexuality. Findings, which originated from the data collected through the use of 200 structured interviews, indicated that male and female students endorsed displays of a 'softening' in masculinities in sport, and were slightly opposed toward displays of 'harder' masculinities, a trend that was strongest among women. The more importance these students' ascribed to primary gender-role sports socialization, the more likely they were to support the display of orthodox masculinities in sport, and the less likely they were to endorse inclusive masculinities, with the converse being true for those who were more accepting of homosexuality. The study contributes to current theorization in a twofold way: Firstly, by problematizing a simplistic differentiation between orthodox and inclusive masculine typologies in favor of ascribing to theorization that indicates how the attitudes among students of the said South African university campus arguably attest to the concurrent existence of 'multiple dominant masculinities.' In-keeping with this, the findings arguably echo the Andersonian emphasis on the co-existence of declining levels of homohysteria among younger persons and the continuing prevalence of homophobia among some students on university campuses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing literature points to skilled facilitation as a key factor in enabling a team's success in the context of inquiry-based reform. There is little understanding, however, of how precisely facilitators make the needed difference. This study analyzes the moves of expert facilitators in a team-based reform found to be successful previously. It identifies and explicates five distinct categories of needed moves (setting expectations, modeling, tracking progress, suggesting remediation, and releasing) as well as how they gain effectiveness as an interconnected system with moves across categories implemented for multiple purposes simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article brings a quare perspective to Moonlight's reception. We argue that many straight viewers identified the film's representational innovations but resisted its call to interrogate their preconceived notions about Black queerness. Instead, many audiences focused on others' interpretations of the film. They perceived Black viewers as homophobic, demonstrating third-person effect, and used that stance to demonstrate their own progressive politics. In addition to documenting Moonlight's reception, this study demonstrates how reading a text through the imagined reception of other viewers can shift focus from connecting with the material conditions of marginalization to proving one's own progressive bona fides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine the perceived satisfaction and understanding of hearing assessment feedback, using the Ida My Hearing Explained Tool (IMHET), compared to the standard audiogram reported by adult clients and audiologists. This study is a mixed-method design comparing clients and audiologists' perceptions through a single-blinded, randomised control trial and focus group discussions. After using either the audiogram or IMHET for feedback, clients and audiologists completed the adapted Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire (PSQ). During client's initial audiological consultations, audiologists provided hearing assessment feedback (Total = 51) using the IMHET or audiogram. Twenty-seven clients and seven audiologists participated in focus groups, and/or open-ended questions. Satisfaction was not significantly different (p > 0.05) between the IMHET (76.18; SD: 2.66) or audiogram (75.63; SD: 4.73) for the overall PSQ scores reported by clients and audiologists. Two shared main themes, understanding and satisfaction, were identified for both tools from the focus groups and open-ended questions. A third main theme, recommendations, was identified only for the IMHET. The IMHET is a valuable resource for clients during hearing assessment feedback. Audiologists recommend that the audiogram be used as a supplement when using the IMHET to provide feedback. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Functional Multilingual Learning (FML) aims to leverage pupils' full language repertoire in a strategic and transversal way across the curriculum in order to enhance access to conceptual understanding and improve skills in the language of schooling. This linguistic-ethnographic study explores the pedagogical decisions of four teachers in a French–speaking primary school in Brussels, Belgium as they create 'meaningful multilingual tasks' for their linguistically diverse classrooms. Findings indicate that tasks serving symbolic and linguistic functions were the easiest for teachers to conceptualise, and that class-level learning objectives often took precedence over individual objectives. Multilingual scaffolding only occurred in classrooms already functioning extensively within a socio-constructivist paradigm and needed to be supported by a free classroom language policy to be the most effective. Whole-class tasks generated a new sense of linguistic capital but entailed a reframing of the notion of inclusion as they sometimes generated feelings of linguistic insecurity or resulted in limited participation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is not possible for professionals, including music teachers, to avoid interacting with and teaching children living with or affected by an autism spectrum disorder, because this condition is prevalent among young learners. Although previous studies have explored the effect of music and music therapy on children with autism, few have studied the practical instruction of teaching a musical instrument to these learners from the perspective of autism and its comorbidities. We used a qualitative research method, namely an action research model that incorporated observations, journal writing, and reflection. Twelve learners with autism spectrum disorder were given piano lessons, and during this process, adaptations of teaching methods and the materials were assessed. To help us achieve our objectives, we used the book My First Piano Adventure for the Young Learner as our guide. Our main findings were that incorporating physical exercises to improve fine and gross motor skills, using visual adaptations in instructions, and being sensitive to co-occurring conditions such as attention deficit disorder, anxiety or hypersensitivity to the environment enhanced the learning experience. This approach should fit in well with the modern paradigm in interventions that entail teaching children on the autism spectrum: teaching skills in a natural environment, integrated across domains, and bearing in mind the need to feel empathy for learners' unique diversity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rates of children looked after by local authorities in England have been rising for more than two decades. This study was conducted to determine what approaches local authorities have adopted that they perceive to be the most effective in preventing the need for children to come into care. It also considers how they evaluate these approaches and how they assess cost-effectiveness. An online survey was distributed to leaders of children's social services departments in England in 2018 (n = 152). Sixty (39.5%) local authorities completed the survey. Respondents were asked to select up to three types of services or approaches they deemed most effective in preventing the need for children to come into care. The most popular was a whole-system approach selected by 81.7%, with Signs of Safety most commonly cited. This was followed by edge-of-care services (61.7%), early help (56.7%), family group conferences (43.3%), parenting programmes (18.3%), short break services (15.0%) and "other" services (20.0%). Local authorities who had experienced increases in the numbers of children in care were more likely to discuss approaches introduced relatively recently. Whole-system approaches and parenting programmes were the approaches most likely to have had independent evaluations. Whilst most local authorities reported the use of economic analysis methods as part of their evaluation, there was insufficient detail for a full assessment of cost-effectiveness. This paper provides a description of contemporary attitudes amongst leaders of children's services to approaches that aim to keep children out of care. It also describes approaches taken by local authorities to evaluation and assessing cost-effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Switzerland, national educational goals were implemented in 2011. They cover various fields, including listening. The goals specify the competencies Swiss students should have at certain points in their school career. The pupils' achievement of these goals is tested regularly. This review of basic competencies takes place on tablet. In order to find out which of the competencies mentioned in the educational goals can be tested on tablet in the 4th grade (i.e., 7-8-year-old students in Switzerland), we carried out a feasibility study with the aim of showing which task formats are best suited to test each competency. The present article sheds light on the development of listening test items within the framework of the feasibility study. We present methodological and test theoretical considerations. The following questions are central: How can listening competence as defined in the Swiss educational goals for the 4th grade be operationalized? What listening items are suitable for the display on tablet? Can students aged 7 or 8 years handle the digital device? It will turn out that the tablet is entirely suitable for testing listening skills as described in the national educational goals at the end of the 4th grade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In August 2016, San Francisco 49ers' quarterback Colin Kaepernick refused to stand during the United States' national anthem. Throughout the National Football League's 2016–2017 season, Kaepernick and other NFL players acting in solidarity maintained their refusal to stand for the national anthem. We explore NFL fans' reactions to and feelings about the player protests inspired by Colin Kaepernick with interviews with 41 participants conducted between November 2017 and February 2018. We highlight how fans' private talk about race is shaped by their strong feelings about race and social justice, particularly around their beliefs about the purpose and function of sports, feelings about players' rights and responsibilities, and reaction to the NFL's response to Kaepernick. Knowledge of and comfort discussing systemic racism was a key component in fans' support for or opposition to the player protests. We argue that the way that NFL fans talk about the protests is shaped by the U.S. history of racial injustice, which is linked, both historically and in our interview participants' statements, to issues of economics, ownership, and wealth inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hence, starting with the original Maastricht Treaty and the various binding treaties of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) that ensued, according to Alain, this constraining structure imposed on national governments a "market" discipline that would destroy the "real" economy. Like Marx, Alain saw the state in its predatory role in favouring the private wealth accumulation of the economically powerful, and like Keynes he also saw the state in its role as a potential source of stability in reducing social anxiety and predation by promoting genuine social progress. Alain, on the contrary, fully embraced a theory of endogenous money, and as Lavoie ([4], p. 13) suggests, Alain was close to the horizontalist view of money as defended by Basil Moore ([5]). We have lost a truly special friend, Alain Parguez, who passed away peacefully on 5 April 2022, in Paris, at the age of 81. [Extracted from the article]

As little is known about the views of university students on metrosexual masculinities in South Africa, the aim of this study was to investigate the predictors and correlates of a group of 200 undergraduate students' perceptions on whether metrosexuality should be considered as an acceptable form of contemporary masculinity. Results from the structured survey indicated that students' race and levels of religiosity were not associated with the extent to which they viewed metrosexuality as acceptable. By contrast, in relation to sex/gender, female students exhibited more accepting attitudes towards metrosexuality than their male counterparts. Furthermore, the more importance students ascribed to media portrayals of orthodox masculinity as well as to primary gender-role socialisation, the less likely they were to accept metrosexuality. The study contributes to current research on masculinities by investigating metrosexuality as the primary theme, underscoring the similarities between South African and Anglo-American theorisation on the topic, foregrounding the perceptions of millennials in conceptualising and understanding contemporary masculinity, and problematising notions that South African students ascribe to homogenous or monolithic views of masculinity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Awareness about current use of social media in social work and its benefits and drawbacks is lacking. An online questionnaire collected data from a sample of 569 participants within social work across different local authorities. Nearly a third (30%) of participants said that they had used social media to 'look up' families they support, while less than half (47%) felt adequately trained in using social media in practice. Participants felt social media helped practice by facilitating communication both with professionals and with service users, but hindered practice by disseminating a negative portrayal of social workers, and by enabling users to identify them online, making them vulnerable. Opinions varied on whether it was acceptable to 'look up' families. Results highlighted a digital difference in social work with both age and professional role being influential in the way social media is used. Findings indicated a need for clearer guidance to enable a standardised code of practice, awareness of this guidance needs to be raised and the guidance regularly updated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses a comparative ethnographic approach to explore the ways in which social media enables new economic strategies that capitalize on women's traditional forms of reliance within their local communities. We use ethnographic examples from northern Chile, southeast Italy, and south India to show how women are successful in establishing small but prestigious entrepreneurial activities by using social media to respond to local social and cultural needs. Women use social media to transform both conventional work practices and individuals' notions of work in ways that overcome important structural constraints they face in their respective communities. These findings contrast with optimistic analyses that suggest online platforms decrease global inequalities through bringing disadvantaged people into global economic flows. This article demonstrates the effective ways in which individuals use social media to gradually change local norms related to gender and work while making small but important gains towards economic stability. This process is related to important shifts in sociality that have resulted from social media use within local communities. By focusing on entrepreneurship and gendered aspects of online economic exchange, we develop an understanding of what happens when longstanding expectations for gendered work meet commerce made possible through new media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This survey study examined augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) practices reported by early intervention speech-language pathologists (SLPs) across the United States (N = 376). The study examined (a) types of AAC that SLPs reported using (i.e., sign language, photographs, pictures, symbols, talking switches, and iPad apps or dedicated speech-generating devices); (b) SLPs' perspectives on the influence of child spoken language ability on AAC recommendations; (c) factors that influenced AAC decision-making within early intervention; and (d) perceived barriers associated with AAC implementation. SLPs reported that they were significantly more likely to introduce all types of AAC to children without spoken language abilities compared to children in later stages of language development. On average, they were most likely to report using or recommending sign language and photographs, and least likely to report using or recommending talking switches or speech-generating devices. Of the options provided, child expressive and receptive language abilities were rated as the most important factors to consider when determining AAC use, followed by cognitive ability, diagnosis, and chronological age. SLPs identified caregiver buy-in and carryover across providers as the most significant barriers to AAC implementation. Recommendations for future research and current AAC practices within early intervention are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiences of children are notoriously elusive in the sources on which historians traditionally rely. This paper will discuss several projects in which Trove has expanded the history of childhood in Australia, uncovering a nation-wide trade in children through adoption advertisements, and enriching our knowledge of out-of-home care, and the many inquiries into its failings. Trove has democratised the practice of history – allowing care leavers and abuse survivors to research their own histories – and enabled new avenues for identifying microhistories. However, this article also argues that Trove-focused history without an understanding of context can be misleading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adipocytes in the breast tumour microenvironment promotes acquired treatment resistance. We used an in vitro adipocyte-conditioned media approach to investigate the direct paracrine effects of adipocyte secretory factors on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells treated with doxorubicin to clarify the underlying treatment resistance mechanisms. Cell-viability assays, and Western blots were performed to determine alterations in apoptotic, proliferation and lipid metabolism protein markers. Free fatty acids (FFA) and inflammatory markers in the collected treatment-conditioned media were also quantified. Adipocyte secretory factors increased the cell-viability of doxorubicin-treated cells (p < 0.0001), which did not correspond to apoptosis or proliferation pathways. Adipocyte secretory factors increased the protein expression of hormone-sensitive lipase (p < 0.05) in doxorubicin-treated cells. Adipocyte secretory factors increased the utilization of leptin (p < 0.05) and MCP-1 (p < 0.01) proteins and possibly inhibited release of linoleic acid by doxorubicin-treated cells (treatment-conditioned media FFA profiles). Adipocyte secretory factors induced doxorubicin treatment resistance, by increasing the utilization of inflammatory mediators and inhibiting the release of FFA by doxorubicin-treated cells. This further promotes inflammation and lipid metabolic reprogramming (lipid storage) in the tumour microenvironment, which breast cancer cells use to evade the toxic effects induced by doxorubicin and confers to acquired treatment resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An understanding of the behavior of SARS-CoV-2 in pediatric hematology-oncology patients is essential to the optimal management of these patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study describes the characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 disease in children with cancer or hematologic disorders treated at a large children's hospital. A retrospective cohort study was conducted at Texas Children's Cancer and Hematology Center from January 1, 2020 to September 30, 2020. All patients with a primary hematology-oncology diagnosis and SARS-CoV-2 positivity by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were identified. Clinical and laboratory data were obtained from the medical record. Descriptive analyses were performed to evaluate COVID-19-related outcomes and risk factors for severe disease in this population. We identified 109 patients with COVID-19 disease, including 52 hematology, 51 oncology, and 6 HSCT patients; median age was 10.3 years (IQR 4.4–15.9), and 58.7% were male. Seventy-four percent of the patients were managed in the outpatient setting. Patients with sickle cell disease were more likely to require hospitalization. ICU care was needed in 8% (n = 9) of the entire cohort, and mechanical ventilation was required in 6.4% (6 oncology patients, 1 hematology patient). COVID-19 contributed to the deaths of two cancer patients. No deaths occurred in hematology or HSCT patients. In conclusion, the risk of severe COVID-19 complications is slightly higher in pediatric hematology-oncology patients than in the general pediatric population but lower than initially feared. For most asymptomatic patients, primary disease management may continue as planned, but treatment decisions must be individualized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The BYOB event was initially exposed by Johnson's former adviser Dominic Cummings, whose own record (as the man who claims he broke no rules when he drove his family on a sightseeing trip to Barnard Castle during the first lockdown) is well known. Recently, when re-reading John Steiner's brilliantly insightful and classic paper, "Turning a blind eye: The cover up for Oedipus" ([1]), I couldn't help thinking about the behaviour of the current government, and in particular Boris Johnson's attempts to evade responsibility for gatherings held at Downing Street during lockdown. [Extracted from the article]

This article presents findings from a study of the minimum conditions needed to scale a previously successful model of high school reform in New York City. Most studies of scale work backward to identify conditions that were in place when scale was successful, rather than identifying those that were minimally required, and thus more likely to be achievable across settings. Findings from this study suggest that only three minimum conditions are needed for scale – adequate knowledge of the model; an appropriate environment; and a working feedback loop – when these conditions interact in a functioning, self-adjusting ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research suggests that relational trust is important for teacher collaboration and shared learning. This study examines relational trust with a new population: teacher candidates and classroom mentor teachers (CMT). Our results suggest participants' (n = 16) perceptions of trust in mentoring relationships align with published facets of trust. Further, we found candidates expressed trust in two distinct ways. Participants primarily expressed trustworthy behaviors by judging CMTs' trustworthiness and were less likely to express demonstrations of trustworthy behaviors to CMTs. Candidates' orientation toward judging may be useful to teacher preparers who want to help candidates self-direct positive field experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For ten months in 2012, as part of ethnographic research, I wrestled in lucha libre events alongside Bolivian women known as the Cholitas Luchadoras. These wrestlers are costumed as 'cholas,' wearing pollera skirts closely associated with market vendors and indigenous women. Audience members debate whether they are authentic representations of indigenous women or essentialized racial characterizations. Regardless, the luchadoras have become popular locally and garnered international media attention. While my subjectivity is quite different from theirs,I argue that the exposure and risks of wrestling contributed to a form of 'embodied solidarity' among us. We both engaged in essentialization of our wrestling characters along gendered and racial lines, to attract audiences and advance our own aims. In doing so, both the luchadoras and I risked reinforcing some stereotypes and inequalities in order to challenge assumptions – transforming expectations for indigenous women and bringing performance and embodied knowledge more centrally into anthropological discussion. We both used essentialized performances in (hopeful) service of transformative politics. In centering attention on the body, I argue that solidarity in risk and exposure may at times outweigh global inequalities, momentarily reverse or equalize power dynamics, and provide a space in which ethnographic understanding may subvert imperialist histories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper finds that conditional convergence in per capita incomes, as a robust empirical regularity across countries, is absent in the post-1989 globalization era. The results show that conditional convergence is subject to some initial, returns-adjusted level of education, implying that it has become more challenging for developing countries to industrialize via technology catch-up from abroad. The lack of conditional convergence, together with the increasing importance of education, complements another strand of literature that provides evidence of growth-reducing structural change, a growing technology gap due to the skill-intensive nature of manufacturing, and their link to the premature deindustrialization phenomenon observed in many developing countries since 1990. To draw an explicit link between the lack of conditional convergence in the post-1989 period and the literature on premature deindustrialization, the analysis augments a Barro-type regression with the employment shares of manufacturing, agriculture and services. The results show that raising the employment share of manufacturing relative to agriculture and, especially, services, is the most effective way to induce conditional convergence and generate faster growth in per capita income. One implication of the lack of conditional convergence is that the growth accelerations observed in many developing economies since the late-1990s may not be sustainable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article uses a combination of discursive and quantitative big data analysis of digitised historical newspapers to present new findings about the representation of foster care in the Australian press from 1865 through 1954. It argues that despite child welfare more broadly rating as a significant social issue in Australian historical newspapers of this period, the topic of foster care itself was much neglected. This is particularly important to understand at a time when historians are being called upon to create histories that respond to the questions and experiences of survivors of out-of-home care, because it helps explain why foster care has been underrepresented in these histories as compared to children's institutions – that is, the discursive muting of foster care has a long history. The article engages with some of the practical and theoretical challenges of doing digital history, and concludes that for studies which seek to trace the usage and evolution of a concept over time, an approach which combines close and distant reading can produce useful results. In this case, the big data analysis reveals the low profile of foster care in the press, and a closer reading of a sample of these articles demonstrates that the nature of this coverage was largely negative – another important factor in understanding how public perceptions of foster care have been shaped over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to make further gains in preventing newborn deaths, effective interventions are needed. Ultrasounds and newborn anthropometry are proven interventions to identify preterm birth complications, the leading cause of newborn deaths. The INTERGROWTH-21st global gestational dating and fetal and newborn growth standards prescribe optimal growth in any population. Jacaranda Health in Kenya was the first low-resource health facility to implement the standards and evaluate their feasibility and acceptability. To capture patients’ perceptions of ultrasound and newborn care before and during implementation of the INTERGROWTH-21st standards. The study was conducted over two years before and during the introduction of the INTERGROWTH-21st standards. Fifty pregnant and/or newly delivered women were selected for in-depth interviews and focus group discussions using convenience and purposive sampling. Interviews were conducted by research assistants using semi-structured guides once in the pre-implementation phase and twice in the implementation phase. Interviews were transcribed, double-coded by two independent researchers and thematically analyzed together. Demographic information was obtained from hospital records. Patients reported being generally satisfied with ultrasound care when providers communicated effectively. Women reported a priority for ultrasound was that it allowed them to feel reassured. However, a clear need for better pre-screening information emerged consistently from patients. Women noted that factors facilitating their choosing to have an ultrasound included ensuring the well-being of the fetus and learning the sex. Barriers included wait times and financial constraints. Patients were generally satisfied with care using the newborn standards. As the INTERGROWTH-21st standards are implemented worldwide, understanding ways to facilitate implementation is critical. Increased and standardized communication about ultrasound should be provided before the procedure to increase satisfaction and uptake. Considering patient perspectives when integrating new standards or guidelines into routine clinical care will inform effective strategies in care provision, thus improving maternal and newborn health and survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using survey data collected from college women at three large public U.S. universities, we examine the relationship between feminist identification and the likelihood of engaging in various esthetic body modification practices. Specifically, we test a feminist embodied resistance hypothesis that asserts that compared to women who do not identify as feminist, feminist-identified women are less likely to engage in mainstream practices (e.g., body hair removal) and more likely to engage in alternative practices (e.g., body piercing and tattooing). Results from logistic regression analyses reveal that feminist-identified women are more likely to engage in alternative practices and less likely to engage in mainstream practices. Our research offers insight into recent discussions about postfeminism and women's relationship to their bodies, identity, and bodily practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article argues for greater integration between peacebuilding and social work, based on shared values, complementary practices, and congruence among key underlying theories in both fields. The article also describes how principles of Catholic Social Teaching align with and enhance both social work and peacebuilding. The implications of the ecological model for the three commonly accepted domains of social work practice—micro, mezzo, and macro—find equivalent expression in dimensions of conflict transformation, as well as in Catholic Relief Services' approach to building social cohesion by working iteratively at individual, intragroup, and intergroup levels. Three case studies illustrate this approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recognizing the complex interplay between country music, lifestyle, and identity, and the disparate nature of these texts and their producers, we center our analysis of the politics of contemporary "country" in the accounts of country music listeners. Through this lens, "country" foregrounds a portrait of precarious labor and white rural economies. Precarity is held up as aspirational, facilitated by the relative structural support of whiteness and masculinity that simultaneously leverages economic hardship to obfuscate these privileged positions. "Country" elides experiences of class marginalization, white rurality, and masculinized labor with mythologized narratives that position simplicity and work as "the good life." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transmedia characters are fictional figures whose adventures are told in different media platforms, each one adding details to their story, as they are rewritten, altered or extended, varying the degree of continuity with the original. This discussion will focus on the identity of transmedia and transtexual female characters in television series Penny Dreadful (Showtime 2014-16) that exist in several gothic literary pretexts to the TV series as well as the series itself, also Titan's prequel and sequel comic book series published after the series ended. Drawing on cognitive, narrative and transmedia theory, this discussion seeks to determine the essential criteria for establishing the persistence of individual identity of characters across texts and media. A central claim of this article is that the cognitive processes by which we as reader-viewers identify an agent as a character are cross-medial. Yet, there are important differences between media in how they represent a character. Of particular importance to this discussion are the power dynamics of transmedia entertainment, including the conflict and congruency between the way old and new media represent character through verbal and visual narrative devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper confronts the disparity between a tradition that has defined anthropology as a comparative discipline and the practices which increasingly embrace cultural relativism and the uniqueness of each fieldsite. It suggests that it is possible to resolve this dilemma, through creating a vertical structure that complements the horizontal task of comparison across fieldsites. This vertical structure is composed of different methods of dissemination which make explicit a series of steps from a baseline of popular dissemination which stresses the uniqueness of individuals, through books and journal articles with increasing degrees of generalisation and comparison. Following this structure leads us up through analysis to the creation and employment of theory. This allows us to make comparisons and generalisations without sacrificing our assertion of specificity and uniqueness. We illustrate this argument though a recent nine-field site comparison of the use and consequences of social media in a project called 'Why We Post.' [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We argue that place offers an effective framework for connecting popular culture with social justice narratives by exploring audience interpretations of Lemonade in 2016's tumultuous racial climate. Working from interviews with 35 of Lemonade's listeners/viewers regarding their understanding of the album, we argue that audience members used Lemonade to plot spaces of racial pride, community, and equality. Supporting previous audience studies' findings, Beyoncé's audiences engaged actively with the text and explored the complex symbolism through interpretive communities, but the audiences we spoke with also transcended these spaces. Using Lemonade as a tool to understand and reimagine historical social movements, audiences deployed the album to cultivate an anti-racist habitus in attempts to make their worlds more just. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the North-West University (NWU) as a case study, this article argues for and demonstrates the value of empirically assessing the impact of universities on their communities. A cross-sectional survey design (n = 984) was used to investigate the NWUs impact on three different communities, as well as to empirically assess the needs of these communities. Results suggest that community-based projects and services, work-integrated learning activities, and, to a lesser extent, the quantity and quality of a university's graduate students, as well as initiatives such as science and engineering weeks, open days, sports weeks, and botanical gardens likely represent the most powerful and viable avenues for universities to achieve impact in their communities, especially when such endeavours are specifically tailored to community needs. The findings also suggest that universities’ outputs do not necessarily equate with or guarantee impact, and that impact is optimised when outreach activities are based on the actual needs of communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gaining access to higher education (HE) is a serious concern for refugees. Although studies on the integration and success of refugees in HE are scarce, the challenges associated with this issue as well as its international relevance are becoming apparent. The Success and Opportunities for Refugees in Higher Education (SUCCESS) project was launched to investigate the effectiveness of new online study programs offered through the Kiron Open Higher Education (Kiron) platform, the aim of which is to provide refugees worldwide with the opportunity to access HE. The results of the first project phase based on data from the enrolment process present an extremely heterogeneous sample. The students come from 54 countries around the world and are currently located in over 66 countries; their educational biographies and their language proficiency vary greatly. The described diversity, especially between the different current places of residence, and possible implications for practice and politics are discussed. The evidence from the SUCCESS project indicates that refugee students exhibit significant differences in level of education, and internal and external (pre)conditions and that the successful integration of refugees into HE worldwide requires new approaches to designing effective instructional and assessment methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored the relationship between religiosity, hope, and subjective well-being among 430 South African university students (n = 324) and their family members (n = 104) (70 2% female; 88 4% black; 8 4% white) Data were gathered utilising measures of religiosity, hope, satisfaction with life, and affect balance We applied structural equation modelling to examine both the direct effects of religiosity on hope, as well as the indirect effects of religiosity on life satisfaction and positive and negative affect via hope as mediator Findings suggest pathway and agency hope to mediate the relationships between religiosity and life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect Specifically, religiosity predicted higher levels of life satisfaction and positive affect, and lower levels of negative affect via agency hope The results suggest agency hope to mediate the relationship between religiosity and subjective well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Intracranial pressure (ICP) after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is poorly studied due to lack of sensitive non-invasive methods. The purpose of this review was to summarize the existing knowledge of changes in ICP after mTBI. Literature selection: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Scopus were searched by three reviewers independently up to December 2016. Inclusion criteria: animal and human studies measuring ICP and brain oedema after an mTBI. Exclusion criteria: moderate and severe forms of traumatic brain injury, repeat samples, and studies that measured ICP at the time of impact but not after. Study quality was assessed using Downs and Black criteria. Results: Of 1067 papers, 9 studies were included. In human studies, one provided direct evidence on increased, one provided indirect evidence of increased, and two provided indirect evidence of decreased ICP. In animal studies, three studies provided direct evidence of increased, one provided indirect evidence of increased, and one provided indirect evidence of no change in ICP. Conclusion: The existing research suggests that there may be increased ICP after mTBI and animal studies suggest an elevation for days which returns to baseline, which corresponds with functional and symptomatic recovery. Future human studies using sensitive indirect methods to measure ICP longitudinally after mTBI are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to explain differences in the productivity of investment across 84 rich and poor countries over the period 1980-2011, and to test the orthodox neoclassical assumption of diminishing returns to capital. The productivity of investment is measured as the ratio of the long-run growth of GDP to a country's gross investment ratio. Twenty potential determinants are considered using a general-to-specific model selection algorithm. Education, government consumption, geography, export growth, openness, political rights and macroeconomic instability are the most important variables. The data also suggest constant returns to capital, so investment and the determinants of productivity of investment differences matter for long-run growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay argues that corporeal sound, including the spoken voice and the auscultated heartbeat, can be understood as material rhetoric, and that material rhetoric, by extension, should be understood as both a force and a networked fluid. I illustrate this argument through the case study of abortion practices and policies, arguing that both mandated heartbeat auscultation and physician speech-and-display provisions represent the forceful fluidity of material rhetoric and demonstrate the power of such rhetoric to carve out networks of meaning. Through this networking, sound's material role in defining autonomy takes on a powerful role in debates over fetal personhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

“Similar curves” in the present article refers to a family of curves whose major shape are similar, but who have variation coming from curve-specific sources. The goal here is to develop a general methodology to describe small changes among similar curves. Previous methods mainly focus on dimension reduction through FPCA, which are not appropriate for quantifying local variation. Here, we consider a local functional data model which divides data into segments adaptively and models each segment with a shape invariant model. Such model has great flexibility in characterizing local variation of curves, as illustrated by simulation and real data examples. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The Bali bombings of 2002 and 2005 confronted Australia and its neighbours directly for the first time with the dangers of violent extremism. Since then, the Bali Peace Park Association (BPPA), consisting of former victims, their families and other interested parties, has been lobbying for the creation of the “Bali Peace Park” to be built on one of the bombing sites. Peace parks have been conceived as community-driven projects against violent extremism, and the planned Bali Peace Park embodies this principle. In 2012, the BPPA initiated “Beyond Bali”, an ambitious and highly relevant curriculum development project, and secured funding from the Australian Attorney General’s Department. Drawing on the expertise of a counter-terrorism expert, two university education experts and the first-hand experiences of victims and their families, the Beyond Bali curriculum package was created. Beyond Bali covers a range of topics and activities, including social science studies and ethical dilemma learning, is suitable for Years 8 and 9 students studying the Australian Curriculum, and is available for free from the BPPA:http://www.balipeacepark.com.au/beyond-bali-education-package.html. In this paper we position Beyond Bali as a transformative education resource within the fields of peace and global education and argue that it embodies UNESCO’s “learning to be” principle. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]