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Class is central to Englishness and English cricket. Conversely, despite the England and Wales Cricket Board (ECB) making an explicit attempt to address social issues in cricket, class has largely been excluded from ECB policy discourse. In response to this absence, this paper mobilises a Lacanian-inspired logics approach to examine ECB policy discourse from 2015-2023. Through this approach, the paper highlights the hegemony of inclusivity and social cohesion in ECB discourse, a hegemony that has been enabled by a political shift away from class analysis and politics. In response to this absence of class, the paper argues that a fantasmatic logic has emerged within ECB discourse in which the inescapable presence of class in English cricket is reframed as the more manageable problem of social exclusion, which can be overcome through more inclusive practices rather than structural changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Adolescents are at-risk of fatal and non-fatal injuries in the farm environment. School-based agricultural safety and farm injury prevention education is likely to be more effective when utilizing co-designed and gamification principles; however, this needs to be tested. This study examined data from a pilot evaluation of a co-designed farm injury prevention gamified educational resource for adolescents. Methods: Online, anonymous surveys were conducted with students studying agriculture in regional Australia who had previously participated in the co-design process to develop "Calm Your Farm". Three courses were developed (vehicles, workshop, and water safety) and before and after playing each of the courses for the first time, students completed survey questions regarding self-reported knowledge on the course topic, and assessment of content, design, ease of play, and how much they learned. Survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi square tests of association, and independent sample t tests. Results: We analyzed 66 responses (66.7% male; 60.6% aged 13 years). Staged course release meant all respondents assessed the vehicle and workshop courses, while 58% assessed the water safety course. Vehicle and workshop courses were rated 7.64 out of a possible 10 (SD = 1.85) and 7.65 (SD = 1.78), respectively, for the information presented, slightly higher than water safety (7.47 [SD = 1.91]). Statistically significant improvements in self-reported knowledge post play were seen among boys for the water safety course (63% said knowledge improved; X2 = 4.98; p =.026) and 13-year-olds for vehicles (35%; X2 = 4.31; p =.038) and workshop safety (50%; X2 = 4.29; p =.038). Respondents indicated being more likely to replay the game at school (M = 6.62 [SD = 2.96]) than at home (M = 5.57 [SD = 3.07]). Of respondents, 61% (n = 40) agreed that "Calm Your Farm" taught them more about farm safety and was more fun than other farm safety education previously received. Tractor safety (62%), chemical safety (58%), and firearm safety (58%) were the most popular topics suggested to be added to the game. Conclusion: The co-design and gamification approach taken with "Calm Your Farm" appeared to be successful in improving self-reported knowledge around farm injury prevention and was perceived by 62% of the respondents as being fun and educational. Future expansion should incorporate student suggested topics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interprofessional collaboration in palliative care is essential to ensuring high-quality care for seriously ill patients. Education interventions to increase competency in palliative care should incorporate team-building skills to encourage an interprofessional approach. We developed and piloted a virtual educational program named CAPACITI for interprofessional teams to promote a community palliative approach to care. Primary care teams from across Ontario, Canada, participated in CAPACITI which consisted of 10 facilitated sessions that emphasized how to operationalize a palliative care approach as a team. Pre- and post-study questionnaires were completed by each team, including the AITCS-II, a validated instrument that measures interprofessional collaboration. We analyzed individual paired differences in summary scores and in each of three subdomains of the AITCS-II questionnaire: partnership, cooperation, and coordination. Seventeen teams completed the AITCS-II post survey, representing 133 participants. Teams varied demographically and ranged from 5 to 16 members. After CAPACITI, the overall mean AITCS-II summary score among teams increased to 96.0 (SD = 10.0) for a significant paired mean difference increase of 9.4 (p =.03). There were also significant increases in the partnership (p =.01) and in the cooperation subdomains (p =.04). CAPACITI demonstrated the potential for improving collaboration among primary care teams, which can lead to improved provider and patient outcomes in palliative care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes bronchiolitis and other respiratory issues in immunocompromised individuals, the elderly, and children. After six decades of research, we have only recently seen the approval of two RSV vaccines, Arexvy and Abrysvo. Direct-acting antivirals against RSV have been more difficult to develop with ribavirin and palivizumab giving very modest reductions in hospitalizations and no differences in mortality. Recently, nirsevimab was licensed and has proven to be much more effective when given prophylactically. These are delivered intravenously (IV) and intramuscularly (IM), but an intranasal (IN) antiviral has several advantages in terms of ease of use, lower resource need, and acting at the site of infection. Areas covered: In this paper, we review the available literature on the current pre-clinical research landscape of anti-RSV therapeutics tested for IN delivery. Expert opinion: As RSV is a respiratory virus that infects both the upper and lower respiratory tracts, efforts are focused on developing a therapeutic that can be delivered via the nasal route. The rationale is to directly target the replicating virus with an obvious respiratory tract tropism. This approach will not only pave the way for a nasal delivery approach aimed at reducing respiratory viral illness but also controlling aerosol virus transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative condition featuring variable degrees of motor and cognitive impairment. We assessed the impact of specific, empirically derived occupational skills and requirements on cognitive and motor functioning in ALS. Individuals with ALS (n = 150) were recruited from the University of Pennsylvania's Comprehensive ALS Clinic. The Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioral ALS Screen (ECAS) measured cognition, and the Penn Upper Motor Neuron (PUMNS) and ALS Functional Rating Scales (ALSFRS-R) measured motor symptoms. We derived 17 factors representing distinct occupational skills and requirements from the Occupational Information Network (O*NET), which were related to cognitive and motor scores using multiple linear regression. Occupational roles involving greater reasoning ability (β = 2.12, p <.05), social ability (β = 1.73, p <.05), analytic skills, (β = 3.12, p <.01) and humanities knowledge (β = 1.83, p<.01) were associated with better performance on the ECAS, while jobs involving more exposure to environmental hazards (β=−2.57, p <.01) and technical skills (β=−2.16, p<.01) were associated with lower ECAS scores. Jobs requiring more precision skills (β = 1.91, p <.05) were associated with greater motor dysfunction on the PUMNS. Occupational histories involving more cognitively complex skills and activities were related to preserved cognitive functioning in ALS consistent with the cognitive reserve hypothesis, while jobs with greater exposure to environmental hazards and technical demands were linked to poorer cognitive functioning. Jobs involving more repetitive movements were associated with worse motor functioning, possibly due to overuse. Occupational history provides insight into protective and risk factors for variable degrees of cognitive and motor dysfunction in ALS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban resilience has rapidly developed as a concept to assist urban actors to prepare for, and respond to, shocks and stresses experienced in cities. Urban resilience has been variously defined, and abstract and nebulous resilience concepts can be difficult to apply in practice. Through a research-practice partnership we sought to clarify the concept of urban resilience and make it applicable to the multi-sectoral work of local government in Australia. By conducting a literature review and researcher-practitioner workshops, we developed an urban resilience framework to assist local government planning. We defined urban resilience from an evolutionary perspective: The capacity of individuals, communities, institutions, businesses and systems within a city to adapt, survive, and thrive no matter what kind of chronic stresses and acute shocks we experience, and to positively transform as a result. Evolutionary urban resilience has four characteristics: recovery, persistence, adaptive capacity and transformative capacity. We mapped these characteristics to 10 core qualities of resilient urban systems: prepared, robust, spare capacity, diverse, reflective, integrated, inclusive, flexible, future-focused, and innovative. Resilience-building focuses on designing, delivering and evaluating urban systems and programmes, to ensure that cities can respond and transform in the face of growing ecological, economic and social uncertainty. We discuss the various ways in which the framework has been applied by the City of Melbourne. The framework may be relevant to other jurisdictions in Australia and internationally, as it provides the basis for implementing resilience across government policy, projects and operations, and in partnership with communities and other stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the concept of nature place-based learning (NPBL) as a means of engaging students in authentic learning experiences while addressing social emotional concerns and environmental degradation. NPBL involves interdisciplinary learning in natural environments, connecting students to their physical spaces and communities. The author offers advice for educators interested in NPBL, including starting small, finding a community of like-minded educators, and connecting with professionals in related fields. The article provides examples of NPBL projects, highlighting the benefits of outdoor learning and the lasting impact on students' perceptions and engagement. The author also shares her own experiences implementing service-learning projects focused on environmental issues and community service, emphasizing the importance of reflection and student engagement. The text concludes by highlighting the resources and professional development opportunities offered by the National Geographic Society for educators interested in implementing similar projects. [Extracted from the article]

In this paper, we present the view that an ontological shift to complexity thinking will be significant in the future of physical education (PE). Complexity thinking not only moves PE beyond long dominant modernist approaches but also offers the opportunity to integrate many of the postmodern perspectives that currently seek to frame PE. Four interconnected complexity commonalities, becoming, lived time, self-organisation and boundaries, are presented in an overarching frame to guide future PE developments in ways that are coherent, connected and emergent. PE is subsequently viewed as a complex phenomenon that is always in a non-linear, messy and never-ending process of becoming. Students, teachers and other stakeholders are also complex as their past, present and future experiences constantly merge in a lived time unity to create lifelong and life-wide PE journeys that are both personalised and holistic. Central to these personalised journeys is each stakeholder's ability to self-organise and influence the trajectory of their pathways. Self-organisation, however, is not a relativist 'anything goes' phenomenon but a process that takes place within a multiplicity of boundaries. While boundaries may traditionally be viewed as divisive features, complexity thinking recognises that many boundaries are flexible and enable the creation of 'boundary spaces' in which 'rich' discussions can take place to develop more coherent, connected and emergent forms of PE. Transdisciplinary Inquiry (TDI) and Ecologically Informed Practice (EIP) are presented as perspectives that can help teachers, and others, create the 'boundary spaces' in which ways to plan and introduce complexity-informed forms of PE can be explored. The paper concludes by proposing that the challenge for PE in the future will be for practitioners to develop the adaptability, openness, confidence and self-organising skills that will be needed to make the most effective use of the 'rich interactions' that these 'boundary spaces' offer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate automated digital speech measures, derived from spontaneous speech (picture descriptions), in assessing bulbar motor impairments in patients with ALS-FTD spectrum disorders (ALS-FTSD). Automated vowel algorithms were employed to extract two vowel acoustic measures: vowel space area (VSA), and mean second formant slope (F2 slope). Vowel measures were compared between ALS with and without clinical bulbar symptoms (ALS + bulbar (n = 49, ALSFRS-r bulbar subscore: x¯ = 9.8 (SD = 1.7)) vs. ALS-nonbulbar (n = 23), behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD, n = 25) without a motor syndrome, and healthy controls (HC, n = 32). Correlations with bulbar motor clinical scales, perceived listener effort, and MRI cortical thickness of the orobuccal primary motor cortex (oral PMC) were examined. We compared vowel measures to speaking rate, a conventional metric for assessing bulbar dysfunction. ALS + bulbar had significantly reduced VSA and F2 slope than ALS-nonbulbar (|d|=0.94 and |d|=1.04, respectively), bvFTD (|d|=0.89 and |d|=1.47), and HC (|d|=0.73 and |d|=0.99). These reductions correlated with worse bulbar clinical scores (VSA: R = 0.33, p = 0.043; F2 slope: R = 0.38, p = 0.011), greater listener effort (VSA: R=-0.43, p = 0.041; F2 slope: p > 0.05), and cortical thinning in oral PMC (F2 slope: β = 0.0026, p = 0.017). Vowel measures demonstrated greater sensitivity and specificity for bulbar impairment than speaking rate, while showing independence from cognitive and respiratory impairments. Automatic vowel measures are easily derived from a brief spontaneous speech sample, are sensitive to mild-moderate stage of bulbar disease in ALS-FTSD, and may present better sensitivity to bulbar impairment compared to traditional assessments such as speaking rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A commentary on the 2024 article "Affect, Values and Problems Assessing Decision-Making Capacity," by J. Hawkins is presented. Topics covered include Hawkins' account of decision-making capacity and the importance of authenticity, the importance of a stable set of values for capacity and the need to operationalize a test of capacity.

The article discusses the growing sentiment in the United States that a high percentage of reported rapes are untrue, and the fear that men have of being falsely accused of rape. However, studies show that false reports of sexual assault are actually rare, with reliable studies indicating a range of 2 percent to 10 percent. The article highlights the Netflix documentary "Victim/Suspect," directed by Nancy Schwartzman, which explores the issue of false rape reports and follows journalist Rachel de Leon as she investigates women charged with filing false reports. The documentary sheds light on the experiences of these women and the challenges they face in being believed. It also examines the role of media in reporting sexual assault cases and the need for sensitivity and responsible reporting. The article suggests that the documentary would be valuable for students in journalism, gender, media literacy, and critical media studies courses. [Extracted from the article]

We present a longitudinal description of a man with the TARDBP I383V variant of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). His progressive changes in behavior and language resulted in a diagnosis of the right temporal variant of FTD, also called the semantic behavioral variant (sbvFTD). We also present data from a small series of patients with the TARDBP I383V variant who were enrolled in a nationwide FTD research collaboration (ALLFTD). These data support slowly progressive loss of semantic function. While semantic dementia is infrequently considered genetic, the TARDBP I383V variant seems to be an exception. Longitudinal analyses in larger samples are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research in modifiable behaviors, like exercise, on risk for dementia is increasing. Although many studies focus on older adults, brain pathology for Alzheimer's Disease can begin in middle age, suggesting an ideal target for intervention. We conducted a systematic review from exercise intervention studies on cognitive function among healthy, middle-aged participants (45-65). We searched multiple databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Google Scholar) for studies using standard, validated, neuropsychological measures following either single- or multi-session interventions in cognitively-unimpaired, middle-aged adults. We identified 13 eligible studies. There was notable heterogeneity across studies, with varying design, measures, interventions, and results. Results from single-session studies showed improvement in response inhibition, while results for cognitive flexibility were mixed. No significant changes were found on measures of attention, working memory, or processing speed. Results from multi-session studies were more varied. Verbal memory was found to improve while performance on tests of attention and working memory, processing speed, and executive function were mixed. Importantly, for both single-session and multi-session studies, there was no standard set of neuropsychological tests administered, making it more difficult to synthesize the findings into a single narrative. We end with a discussion on future directions and implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to unceasing rates of sexual assault, and the failure of statutory interventions to reduce the prevalence of sexual violence, several prevention strategies have emerged. Over the past fifty years, initiatives have included awareness raising campaigns, provision of self-defence training, promotion of rape alarms, and education-based efforts in the form of bystander intervention and consent training workshops aimed at encouraging prosocial action to reduce sexual violence. More recently, a striking array of technologies has emerged claiming the capacity to prevent or mitigate the risk of sexual violence including apps that harness the communication functions of smart technology and a variety of 'wearables' designed to protect the body from assault or repel a would-be assailant. In this paper we analyse these prevention initiatives in the modern period, demonstrating that what is striking about the majority is the relative absence of the perpetrator in both design and endorsement. Where an assailant is alluded to, this 'imagined perpetrator' tends to reflect stereotypical constructions of how sexual violence occurs and who commits it. The consequence of such representations is that many prevention efforts place responsibility onto potential victims to protect themselves, contributing further to widespread misunderstandings about the realities of rape and rapists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Medication-related problems (MRPs) contribute significantly to preventable patient harm and global healthcare expenditure. Vulnerable populations, including Indigenous Australians (please note that the use of the term 'Indigenous' in this paper includes all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and acknowledges their rich traditions and heterogenous cultures.) and people living with severe and persistent mental illness (SPMI), may be at increased risk of MRPs. Pharmacist-led medication reviews can identify MRPs for targeted action. Objective: To characterize MRPs identified and recommendations made by community pharmacists during medication reviews conducted with Indigenous Australians and people living with SPMI. Methods: Participants were recruited through two Australian trials testing the feasibility and/or effectiveness of novel community pharmacist-led interventions, the Indigenous Medication Review Service (IMeRSe) feasibility study (June 2018–July 2019) and Bridging the Gap between Physical and Mental Illness in Community Pharmacy (PharMIbridge) randomized controlled trial (September 2020–December 2021). Trained community pharmacists conducted medication reviews responsive to the cultural and health needs of participants. MRPs, MRP severity and pharmacist recommendations were documented and classified using an established classification system (DOCUMENT). MRP severity was assessed by pharmacists and an independent assessor. Data were analysed descriptively, and paired t-tests were used to compare severity ratings. Results: Pharmacists identified 795 MRPs with 411 participants across both trials (n = 255 IMeRSe, n = 156 PharMIbridge). Non-adherence to medication was the most common (n = 157, 25.1%) and second-most common (n = 25, 14.7%) MRP in IMeRSe and PharMIbridge, respectively. Undertreatment was the second-most common MRP in the sample of Indigenous Australians (n = 139, 22.2%), and reports of toxicity/adverse reactions were most common in people living with SPMI (n = 41, 24.1%). A change in pharmacotherapy was the most frequent recommendation made by pharmacists (40.2% and 55.0% in IMeRSe and PharMIbridge, respectively). Severity ratings varied, with the majority being 'Mild' or 'Moderate' in both groups. Significant differences were found in the severity rating assigned by trial pharmacists and the independent assessor. Conclusions: Community pharmacists identified a range of MRPs experienced by two at-risk populations, most commonly non-adherence and toxicity or adverse reactions, when conducting medication reviews and proposed diverse strategies to manage these, frequently recommending a change in pharmacotherapy. These findings highlight the opportunity for more targeted approaches to identifying and managing MRPs in primary care and tailored community pharmacist-led interventions may be of value in this space. Trail Registration: Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry records (IMeRSe ACTRN12618000188235 registered 06/02/2018 & PharMIbridge ACTRN12620000577910 registered 18/05/2020). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluate accessibility, effectiveness, acceptability and efficiency of a student- assisted teleaudiology model of care in a regional hospital in Queensland, Australia. Prospective mixed method service evaluation study. Demographic, service and satisfaction data were collected from 233 patients (children aged ≥5 and adults) who received teleaudiology assessment. Satisfaction data was collected from 27 hospital clinic staff (medical, nursing and clinic assistants) and 28 university audiology clinical educator participants. Experience and satisfaction data were collected from 16 teleaudiology clinic university students. Quantitative data was analysed using SPSS software. Qualitative data were analysed using inductive content analysis. Following introduction of the teleaudiology service in 2017 and evaluation during the first 6 months, 95% of patients were able to access audiology assessments on the same day as their Ear, Nose and Throat appointments. New referrals to the service were seen within a month. The audiology assessment battery was completed 95% of the time within an average of 33 minutes by the end of the study period. Patients, hospital and university staff and students reported high satisfaction with their experiences of teleaudiology, including its convenience and efficiency. A student-assisted teleaudiology model of care can deliver accessible, effective, and efficient services with high levels of satisfaction by participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the joint ability of fundamental-based and market-based news to explain the anomalous underperformance of stocks with high idiosyncratic volatility (high IVOL). An out-of-sample prediction of future profitability is adopted as a proxy for fundamental–based news while market-based news is represented by the 52-week high price ratio. A sample of UK stocks over the period January 1996 to December 2017 is analysed. The empirical results indicate that both the fundamental-based projected profitability and the 52-week high price ratio are important in explaining the IVOL anomaly. In contrast, individually, neither variable fully accounts for the anomaly. This relation is more pronounced following a period of high sentiment and during an upmarket. Further results suggest that underreaction lies at the heart of this explanation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite an extraordinary degree of political turbulence in the UK, the 2021 Scottish and Welsh election results were remarkably similar to those recorded at the previous elections in 2016. While this period spanned the 2016 EU referendum, Britain's exit from the EU, and the coronavirus pandemic, these upheavals appear to have had little impact on devolved election results. From a comparative perspective, however, such continuity only underlines the extent to which these nations' political trajectories have diverged since the establishment of devolution in 1999. Using individual-level survey data from twelve election studies over two decades, we show how changing patterns in the relationship between national identity and party support have driven these differing trajectories. In doing so, we provide the first comparative analysis of voting over time in both countries. Additionally, we show how national identity helps to sustain single-party dominance in Scotland and Wales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although frequently perceived as a 'woolly' policy concept and a means to reduce public service delivery costs, co-production can lead to increased quality and efficiency of services. In this paper, we explore the contribution of a community empowerment policy to co-production processes. Analysing empirical findings from a mixed-method, longitudinal study through the lens of Myers et al.'s (2017) Theory of Change, the paper develops a model of a successful co-production process. We show that changes in working practices and shifts in power can create friction between co-producing actors. By critiquing specific policies, we inform future co-production research, policy, and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simulation-based medical education (SBME) is widely used to teach bedside procedural skills. Feedback is crucial to SBME but research on optimal timing to support novice learners' skill development has produced conflicting results. We randomly assigned 32 novice medical students to receive feedback either during (concurrent) or after (terminal) trialing lumbar puncture (LP). Participants completed pre- and post-acquisition tests, as well as retention and transfer tests, graded on a LP checklist by two blinded expert raters. Cognitive load and anxiety were also assessed, as well as learners' perceptions of feedback. Participants who received concurrent feedback demonstrated significantly higher LP checklist scores (M = 91.54, SE = 1.90) after controlling for baseline levels, than those who received terminal feedback (M = 85.64, SE = 1.90), collapsed across post, retention, and transfer tests. There was no difference in cognitive load and anxiety between groups. In open-ended responses, participants who received concurrent feedback more often expressed satisfaction with their learning experience compared to those who received terminal feedback. Concurrent may be superior to terminal feedback when teaching novice learners complex procedures and has the potential to improve learning if incorporated into SBME and clinical teaching. Further research is needed to elucidate underlying cognitive processes to explain this finding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High dose melphalan (HDM) followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) remains the standard consolidation in transplant eligible multiple myeloma (MM) patients. The timing between HDM administration and hematopoietic stem cell return (HSCR) varies among institutions, with a 'rest period' of 48 hours (h) employed by some for patients with renal impairment (RI). We investigated the differences in hematopoietic recovery and HDM toxicity between MM patients with RI who had HSCR after 24 vs 48 h from HDM. Fifty MM patients with RI (48 h group; n = 31 and 24 h group; n = 19) were included. No statistically significant differences were noted in surrogates for hematopoietic recovery and HDM toxicity between both groups. Only one death occurred in the 24 h group. No patients required renal replacement therapy. Therefore, a 24 h period between HDM and AHSC infusion appears safe for MM patients with RI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We evaluated the Global Land Data Assimilation System surface soil moisture product (GLDAS v. 2.1) against in situ soil moisture networks in arid climates in Australia and the United States, using common statistical metrics and seasonality metrics. Our results showed that GLDAS performed well (root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.100 m3/m3; unbiased RMSE (ubRMSE) = 0.060 m3/m3; correlation coefficient (R) = 0.555 on average) but systematically overestimated the soil moisture values (Bias = 0.067 m3/m3). The performance was better in Australian Oznet and the U.S. Climate Reference Network (USCRN), compared to the US Soil Climate Analysis Network (SCAN) network. In terms of seasonality, GLDAS soil moisture seasons were biased to start earlier; on average, drying and wetting transitions started 28 and 16 days earlier than in situ data, respectively. The end dates of GLDAS seasonal transitions showed good agreement with in situ data; the errors in transition timings were limited to within a week. This tendency is stronger in the US networks compared to the Australian network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Approximately 1.5 million referrals are made to Improving Access to Psychological Therapy (IAPT) services annually. However, treatment is received in less than half of cases due to ineligibility or non-attendance. The aim was to explore risk factors for non-attendance at the initial two IAPT appointments following referral. An exploratory, retrospective analysis of referral and attendance data from five IAPT services in the North of England. Participants were 97,020 referrals received 2010–2014. Main outcome was attendance at the first two offered appointments (assessment and initial treatment). Based on data from two services, 66% of referrals resulted in assessment attendance. Across all five services 57% of patients who attended for assessment subsequently attended the first treatment appointment. The odds of attending an assessment appointment were more than 3 times higher for self-referrals than for GP referrals (OR 3.46, 95% CI 3.27–3.66, p < 0.001). Factors important to treatment appointment attendance following assessment were the service, referral source, presenting problem, and anxiety severity. Initial appointment non-attendance is a consistent problem for IAPT services. Specific factors that may support IAPT services to improve non-attendance rates are identified. IAPT indicators of success should take account of non-attendance at initial appointments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/Aim: To examine the experiences of culturally safe mentoring programmes described by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander nurses and midwives in Australia. Design: A systematic scoping review. Data Sources: The following databases were accessed: CINAHL Plus with Full Text (EBSCO), EMCARE (Ovid), MEDLINE (Ovid), INFORMIT (Health Collection/Indigenous Collection) and SCOPUS. Support relating to key words and appropriate databases was provided by a university librarian. Review Methods: Search terms across databases were sourced from 1997–2021, identifying a total of 161 papers. Title/abstract searches were screened against the inclusion/exclusion criteria, resulting in 18 papers reaching full-text review. Of the 18 full-text papers reviewed, six were eligible for inclusion in the final review. Results/Findings: Culturally safe mentorship was a positive experience for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander nurses and midwives. Thematic discussion identified three key themes: Mentorship as a way forward, Culture in mentorship, and Cultural safety's role in mentorship. Discussion: Culturally safe mentoring has been a key recommendation in the nursing literature for over 20 years. There is limited knowledge on what constitutes an effective programme as mentoring programmes have not been empirically evaluated or reviewed. Conclusion: This review provides evidence that Cultural Safety and the exploration of culture impact culturally safe mentoring and can impact workforce cultural capability. Impact Statement: This review indicates that culturally safe mentoring has been a key recommendation in nursing literature for over 20 years. This review provides evidence that Cultural Safety and the exploration of culture impact culturally safe mentoring and can impact workforce cultural capability. However, there is limited knowledge of what constitutes an effective programme, as mentoring programmes have not been empirically evaluated or reviewed providing an opportunity for further research. Plain Language Summary: Little is known about Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander nurses' and midwives' perspectives of culturally safe mentoring programmes in Australia. However, mentoring programme are seen as a key workforce retention strategy. This scoping review aims to explore and interpret Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander nurses' and midwives' perspectives of culturally safe mentoring programmes in Australia. This review concludes that mentoring programmes require content in Cultural Safety and that programmes need to be empirically evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the 1982 Supreme Court decision Plyler v. Doe, little guidance has been provided on how to support undocumented students. Although education scholars have explored undocumented students' experiences, little research examines the effects of professional development on pre-service school professionals' understanding regarding policies and factors impacting undocumented students and their families. Since school professionals can be allies, and schools can provide safe spaces, this quantitative study investigated the effectiveness of two professional development opportunities- a two-hour, in-person training, and a film training- for pre-service school professionals focused on increasing their understanding of policies and factors impacting undocumented students. Findings indicated greater effectiveness for the in-person training when compared to the film training, and also indicated minimal differences in pre-post scores when comparing participants by race/ethnicity and level of experience on the topic. The results suggest that effective professional development can improve school professionals' understanding of advocacy and support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indigenous men around the world hold expertise over their own lives. Informed by this perspective, this study centres this experience to better understand what is needed to improve sexual health outcomes among a group of men with a history of incarceration. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 Indigenous men with such a history. Through thematic analysis the study identified two major themes: 1) the impacts of systemic oppression; 2) the value of guidance in walking the right path. Men identified colonial trauma and the associated mental, physical, emotional and spiritual wounds stemming from systemic oppression as continuing to impact their wellbeing. Men also described the systems of support necessary to help guide them on their journeys through incarceration, rehabilitation and building strong and nurturing relationships. Findings from the study provide important guidance from Indigenous men for future more holistic sexual health intervention programming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skills in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) are promoted by the Australian government as pivotal for Australia's economic prosperity. Research on equity groups suggests that group membership is associated with several factors linked to 'leakage' from the STEM pipeline of school, university and transition to work. In this paper we draw on longitudinal Australian data to understand what factors influence the participation of equity group students in university STEM courses, and to explore how the STEM pathways of those groups differ from those of non-equity students. We identified several important factors which influence participation at two critical points of the STEM pipeline; transition from school into university, and transition from university into the STEM workforce. Our results indicated that higher levels of mathematics self-concept and instrumental valuing of mathematics in early adolescence predict continuation in the STEM pathway for all students and particularly those from low socioeconomic status backgrounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the costs of supporting Australian university students from different socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds and whether there are economies of scale. The mixed-methods research in 2018 and 2019 found that substantially higher costs applied for supporting students from low SES backgrounds. These were explained by the costs inherent in: increasing aspiration and capital prior to university; academic, personal and financial support provided while studying; establishing, maintaining and appropriately staffing multiple university campuses, particularly in highly disadvantaged areas; and supporting highly complex student needs. It was found that there are significant economies of scale where there are between 517 and 2584 fulltime undergraduate students from low SES backgrounds at a university. It follows that the average cost of supporting these students can be reduced if enrolment numbers are within this range, subject to caveats around the costs identified. Potential policy implications include: a redistribution of funding based on need; shifting emphasis from activity-based to mission-directed costing; applying the principles of 'cost compensation'; and conceptualising funding support for students from low SES backgrounds as a transformational investment that can improve outcomes for individuals, communities and society, rather than as a cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author comments on the articles by G. Cohen, V. Rahimzadeh and colleagues, and S. Porsdam Mann and colleagues about the ethical and conceptual challenges of large language models (LLMs) of artificial intelligence that confront bioethicists. Topics include ways that LLMs might aid those studying bioethics according to Rahimzadeh et al, syllogisms about the ethics of ectogenesis that were requested and generated within five minutes, and ethical questions considered by Porsdam Mann et al.

Microneedles are emerging as a promising technology for vaccine delivery, with numerous advantages over traditional needle and syringe methods. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of MAPs in inducing robust immune responses over traditional needle and syringe methods, with extensive studies using vaccines targeted against different pathogens in various animal models. Critically, the clinical trials have demonstrated safety, immunogenicity, and patient acceptance for MAP-based vaccines against influenza, measles, rubella, and SARS-CoV-2. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the different types of microarray patches (MAPs) and analyses of their applications in preclinical and clinical vaccine delivery settings. This review also covers additional considerations for microneedle-based vaccination, including adjuvants that are compatible with MAPs, patient safety and factors for global vaccination campaigns. MAP vaccine delivery can potentially be a game-changer for vaccine distribution and coverage in both high-income and low- and middle-income countries. For MAPs to reach this full potential, many critical hurdles must be overcome, such as large-scale production, regulatory compliance, and adoption by global health authorities. However, given the considerable strides made in recent years by MAP developers, it may be possible to see the first MAP-based vaccines in use within the next 5 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compare the relative efficacy of DesyncraTM and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT). Sixty-one participants were randomly assigned to receive either DesyncraTM (n = 29) or CBT (n = 32). Randomisation included stratification regarding current hearing aid (HA) use. Depending on group assignment, participants attended approximately 7–12 visits. Tinnitus distress was measured using the Tinnitus Questionnaire (TQ). Mean TQ scores decreased post-baseline from 5–15 points across treatment arms and strata. Model-based findings for the no-HA stratum showed a difference of −2.0 TQ points favouring Desyncra at 24-weeks, with a 90% posterior interval varying from −5.4 points favouring Desyncra to 0.8 TQ points favouring CBT. For the HA stratum, results show a difference of −1.0 TQ points favouring Desyncra, with a 90% posterior interval ranging from −4.7 points favouring Desyncra to 2.9 points favouring CBT. The difference between Desyncra and CBT on average showed greater improvement with Desyncra in the no-HA stratum by about 2 TQ points. To the extent that the study sample represents a clinical population and recognising the assumptions in the design and analysis, these results suggest Desyncra is just as effective or more so than CBT in reducing tinnitus distress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a multi-system disorder characterized primarily by motor neuron degeneration, but may be accompanied by cognitive dysfunction. Statistically appropriate criteria for establishing cognitive impairment (CI) in ALS are lacking. We evaluate quantile regression (QR), that accounts for age and education, relative to a traditional two standard deviation (SD) cutoff for defining CI. Methods: QR of cross-sectional data from a multi-center North American Control (NAC) cohort of 269 healthy adults was used to model the 5th percentile of cognitive scores on the Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioral ALS Screen (ECAS). The QR approach was compared to traditional two SD cutoff approach using the same NAC cohort (2SD-NAC) and to existing UK-based normative data derived using the 2SD approach (2SD-UK) to assess the impact of cohort selection and statistical model in identifying CI in 182 ALS patients. Results: QR-NAC models revealed that age and education impact cognitive performance on the ECAS. Based on QR-NAC normative cutoffs, the frequency of CI in the 182 PENN ALS patients was 15.9% for ALS specific, 12.6% for ALS nonspecific, and 15.4% for ECAS total. This frequency of CI is substantially more conservative in comparison to the 2SD-UK (20.3%–34.6%) and modestly more conservative to the 2SD-NAC (14.3%–16.5%) approaches for estimating CI. Conclusions: The choice of normative cohort has a substantial impact and choice of statistical method a modest impact on defining CI in ALS. This report establishes normative ECAS thresholds to identify whether ALS patients in the North American population have CI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A biface workspace dating to ca. cal a.d. 100–400 was identified during recent excavation at the Sts'ailes-Coast Salish village of YāçkEtEl, on the Harrison River on the Northwest Coast of North America. Based on a range of analyses, we suggest that a specialist crafted large bifaces produced as prestigious objects for exchange within a ceremonial interaction sphere and smaller, more functional bifaces for household and local purposes. The workspace was a shed-like structure adjacent to their house, and the toolstone was acquired nearby from previously undocumented quarries within the territory. This is the only documented evidence for the manufacture of large prestigious bifaces in the region and consequently provides insights into the social relations of lithic acquisition, production, exchange, and consumption. In particular, we examine the social and economic roles and contributions of lithic specialists embedded within households. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored the feasibility and acceptability of a videoconferencing group psychotherapy intervention for parents of children living with cerebral palsy. A six-session Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) intervention called Take a Breath was provided. Participants were 26 parents of children aged 12 months to nine years, with severe cerebral palsy. Parents responded to questionnaires at three time-points; baseline, pre-intervention, and post-intervention. Qualitative responses were recorded in response to a structured item asking about benefits of participating in the intervention. Of those enrolled, 90% of parents attended the minimum required sessions and 35% attended all six sessions. Quantitative results revealed significant reductions in guilt and worry, and increased mindfulness, which echoed parents' qualitative responses. The pilot findings suggest the Take a Breath intervention is a feasible and acceptable approach to providing mental health services to parents who face significant daily challenges and barriers to engaging support. Larger scale studies are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sleep irregularity (i.e., highly variable sleep patterns) is an emerging risk factor for cardiometabolic disease. Though irregular sleep patterns are common among young adults, the cardiometabolic health (CMH) repercussions of sleep irregularity in this population are unclear. We examined associations between sleep duration and irregularity with measures of CMH in 44 (24 M/20 F, 23 ± 5y, BMI 26 ± 4 kg/m2, blood pressure (BP): 125/71 ± 14/9 mmHg) young adults. Participants wore actigraphy monitors for seven-days and sleep duration irregularity was operationalized as the standard deviation of nightly sleep duration (sleep SD). CMH variables of interest included brachial and aortic BP, arterial stiffness (cf-PWV), augmentation index (AIx75), and fasting blood glucose and lipids. Associations between sleep duration and sleep SD with CMH variables were assessed via correlations adjusted for sex and BMI. Sleep duration generally was not associated with CMH indices. However, sleep SD was associated with brachial systolic (r = 0.433, p =.027) and diastolic BP (r = 0.415, p =.035). Similarly, sleep duration SD was associated with aortic systolic BP (r = 0.447, p =.022). Our findings show that sleep irregularity, but not duration, is associated with higher brachial and central BP in young adults. Abbreviations: AIx75: augmentation index at a heart rate of 75 beats per minute; BP: blood pressure; CMH: cardiometabolic health; cf-PWV: carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity; DXA: dual x-ray absorptiometry; mg/dl: milligrams per deciliter; PWA: pulse wave analysis; PWV: pulse wave velocity; sleep duration SD: standard deviation of nightly sleep duration [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

G-quadruplexes (G4s) are highly stable, non-canonical DNA or RNA structures that can form in guanine-rich stretches of nucleic acids. G4-forming sequences have been found in all domains of life, and proteins that bind and/or resolve G4s have been discovered in both bacterial and eukaryotic organisms. G4s regulate a variety of cellular processes through inhibitory or stimulatory roles that depend upon their positions within genomes or transcripts. These include potential roles as impediments to genome replication, transcription, and translation or, in other contexts, as activators of genome stability, transcription, and recombination. This duality suggests that G4 sequences can aid cellular processes but that their presence can also be problematic. Despite their documented importance in bacterial species, G4s remain understudied in bacteria relative to eukaryotes. In this review, we highlight the roles of bacterial G4s by discussing their prevalence in bacterial genomes, the proteins that bind and unwind G4s in bacteria, and the processes regulated by bacterial G4s. We identify limitations in our current understanding of the functions of G4s in bacteria and describe new avenues for studying these remarkable nucleic acid structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite anecdotal evidence that the out of pocket costs of OCD can be substantial in some cases, there is no evidence on how many people they affect, or the magnitude of these costs. This paper explores the type and quantity of out of pocket expenses reported by a large sample of adults with OCD. Data on out of pocket expenses were collected from participants taking part in the OCTET multi-centre randomised controlled trial. Participants were aged 18+, meeting DSM-IV criteria for OCD, and scoring 16+ on the Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale. Individual-level resource use data including a description and estimated cost of out of pocket expenses were measured using an adapted version of the Adult Service Use Schedule (AD-SUS): a questionnaire used to collect data on resource use. Forty-five percent (208/465) reported out of pocket expenses due to their OCD. The mean cost of out of pocket expenses was £19.19 per week (SD £27.56 SD), range £0.06–£224.00. Future economic evaluations involving participants with OCD should include out of pocket expenses, but careful consideration of alternative approaches to the collection and costing of this data is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three additional patients without prior COVID-19 infection also achieved titers >2500 U/mL at 22 days [6-39] post re-vaccination, compared to titers of 32.7 U/mL (IQR 28.8-36.4) in the same group post-ASCT, demonstrating ability to mount substantial antibody response in the post-ASCT setting. Three patients unexpectedly demonstrated evolving response post-ASCT (pre-ASCT serology measured 26 days [18-36] post-vaccine, time from first vaccine to ASCT 68, 82 and 102 days respectively) which may reflect that humoral response can take several weeks to reach maximum antibody response. Our data suggest that patients who have been vaccinated against COVID-19 prior to ASCT maintain anti-SARS-CoV-2 titers in the immediate post-ASCT setting - a time when patients are considered most vulnerable to infection, and prior to them being offered re-vaccination. [Extracted from the article]

Universities are places to promote the wellbeing of people who learn, work, and live within them. This article reports on an innovative, holistic, and embedded wellness dog program that was developed by the Faculty of Nursing to support the wellbeing of students, faculty, and staff. The innovation included a collaborative partnership between two faculties (the faculties of Veterinary Medicine and Nursing), and the targeted purchase, training, and socialization of a wellness dog. Pet wellness programs have the potential to be an important mental health intervention on university campuses. While the program was postponed due to COVID-19, the purpose of this article is to share processes used to create the wellness dog program, with suggestions regarding implementation and evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through post-war Caribbean migration sound system culture has creolised the material culture of the dance-hall space in terms of sartorial aesthetics of raver dressing up to go out dancing, the sonic vibrations of bass, and the corporeality of the dance-floor. This began with music played on the radiogram in the front room, where house parties and bluesparties took place in the domestic interior, and eventually the public domain of clubs and dance-halls where sound systems played. The ongoing policing of these spaces of dancing Blackbodies recycles colonial tropes about fear and desire in the Britishimaginary that intersect race, class, gender and sexuality. This isan embodied knowing of 'who feels it, knows it', which informs the unpacking in this review of the sensory experience of Black bodiesin the dance-hall, and its material culture. From a self-reflexive perspective, this approach also draws on my lived experience as a raver, as well as my online Writers Mosaic guest edition Sonic Vibrations: Sound system culture, lovers rock and dubthat includes contributions from writers, artists, sound women, choreographers and scholars (McMillan, 2021) and installation based exhibition Rockers, Soulheads & Lovers: Sound systemsback in the day (McMillan, 2015-16). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With substantial mental health needs, United Nations guidelines recommend prisoners should have access to healthcare of the same standard as non-prisoners. CBT-based self-help is recommended for anxiety and depression; one approach is Living Life To The Full (LLTTFTM). This study evaluated the feasibility of Prison Officers providing guided self-help support to adult male offenders experiencing distress in a Scottish prison. Prison Officers attended training in delivering LLTTF books and worksheets. Seven prisoners completed four one-to-one sessions of LLTTF. A large effect size was associated with improving depression self-ratings pre- to post-treatment. Pre-treatment anxiety and social function were associated with non-significant change. Feedback from Prison Officers and prisoners indicated LLTTF materials would benefit from adaptation for prison, which could be revised with Prison Officers and prisoners. Results suggest further research on guided self-help in prison is worth pursuing. Designated guided self-help workers may be better placed to deliver LLTTF in this or an educational setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore university students' knowledge, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, barriers and ideas related to reducing sedentary behavior using a qualitative approach. Participants: Nineteen students from a Canadian university participated. Methods: Four focus groups were conducted. Discussions were recorded, transcribed, and coded to identify categories and themes. Results: Some students lacked knowledge of the concept, but most were generally aware of health risks associated with sedentary behavior. Most students were confident they could reduce sedentary behavior, but felt it would be unlikely they would actually do so because: (a) it is not a priority, (b) the health consequences are distal, (c) increasing standing and light-intensity activity would not provide meaningful health benefits, and (d) class schedules/norms/infrastructure encourage sitting and are not under their control to change. Conclusion: Findings from this study may help inform intervention strategies aimed at decreasing excessive sedentary behavior among university students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to examine physiological, mechanical and perceptual loading in small-sided games using different relative playing areas with balanced and unbalanced player numbers. Data were collected in twelve elite youth male soccer players and included heart rate and standard time-motion outputs using commercial GPS. The data demonstrated higher cardiovascular, physical and perceptual demands with increasing pitch size (e.g. average HR was 88.7 vs. 86.7% HRmax with 8 vs. 2 high-intensity acceleration in medium vs. small pitch formats. The largest pitch format resulted in a greater accumulation of high-intensity distance (47 ± 30 m), higher peak velocity (25.2 ± 1.6 km.h−1) and a higher distance and frequency of accelerations (35 ± 9 m and 8 ± 3) compared with the smallest pitch (all p < 0.01). In unbalanced games, there was significantly greater average heart rate in the overloaded team (84.4 ± 4.9 vs. 80.4 ± 4.8% HRmax in 4 v. 6). These data suggest that different game formats including numerical imbalance could be prescribed for squad management to target conditioning stimuli for specific players (e.g. to target a higher training load for players that do not get consistent match exposure). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the growing prevalence of mental illness in young people, healthcare professionals require an understanding of the social and psychological implications of medication use in this population. To characterize the qualitative literature regarding the perceptions and experiences of young people taking medication for mental illness. A narrative review of qualitative studies involving young people (13–24 years) taking any medication as treatment for a mental illness. The Medication Experience Model guided analysis of quotes related to medication use. Of the 27 included studies, the majority involved participants with depression and utilized interviews. Young people reported a wide range of mental health medication experiences, both negative and positive, which could influence medication acceptance. Lack of autonomy and the influence of family members were challenges faced by this population. Young people reported that medications had affected them in various ways across multiple dimensions. Lack of involvement in decision-making and a loss of autonomy were of particular relevance to young people, issues which should also be of interest to healthcare professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high prevalence of head injury (HI) in prisoners and its association with offending indicates a need for interventions. However, there is little evidence and none for the effectiveness of psychoeducation in improving prisoner knowledge about HI and its effects. Small groups of males in two Scottish prisons underwent a 1 hour psychoeducation session delivered by PowerPoint and combined with question and answer, video clips and a booklet about HI. A pre-post intervention design was used to assess knowledge about HI from vignettes. Participants indicated effects of HI using unprompted free recall and then with a questionnaire (the Symptom Checklist; SCL), pre-education (n = 34), post-education (n = 19) and at 4-week follow-up (n = 11). Free recall was scored using symptom lists from national guidelines (FR-SIGN) or the SCL (FR-SCL). Within-subject comparisons were made between pre-intervention, post-intervention and follow-up scores. Knowledge about HI significantly increased pre- to post-education for FR-SIGN (d = 0.91; 95% CI 0.62, 2.53) and FR-SCL (d = 0.99; 95% CI 0.95, 4.00) without decrement at follow-up (FR-SIGN d = 1.27; 95% CI 0.53, 2.56; FR-SCL r = 0.60). Scores on the SCL did not change over time (p >.05). Prisoner knowledge about HI was improved by brief psychoeducation suitable for delivery in prisons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data on transfeminine participants from a 2016 Pacific Multi-Country Mapping and Behavioural Study evidence high levels of verbal, physical and sexual abuse, as well as discrimination. In interviews from the same study, accounts of hardship were frequently countered with assertions of happiness and talk of acceptance. This paper analyses these accounts and, in particular, the ways in which interviewees viewed and managed their place in society. Data provide insights into the factors that support transfeminine occupation of a positive place in some contemporary Pacific settings, highlighting negotiation between modern and traditional, and local and global, cultures and values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]