Search

The study aims to clarify the relation between maternal sensitivity and infant attachment security during the first two years of life. A systematic search has been carried out in six databases (Medline, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Science Direct, Scopus and Psychology and Behavioural) between January 2010 and February 2023. The terms used for the search were mother–infant interaction, infant attachment, and maternal sensitivity. In total, ten studies were selected in which mother–infant dyads from the general population participated. Eight studies showed favourable results to the positive relation between both constructs and two studies did not. The main findings from this review indicate a positive association between both concepts in most studies, independently of the assessment instrument used or the moment of evaluation. These results allow us to understand the importance of fostering sensitive behaviours in mothers to optimize child development and facilitate the formation of secure attachments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article, delivered as one of two keynote lectures at the International Standing Conference for the History of Education (ISCHE) in Milan in September 2022, offers an example of an autosociobiographical approach to the history of education, in which the life story of the author is entangled with the collective movement of a generation of pedagogues, to capture "the lived dimension of History", quoting the winner of the 2022 Nobel Prize in Literature, Annie Ernaux. It describes the journey of the "centres of interest", a pedagogical technology closely linked to the Belgian educational reformer and scientist Ovide Decroly, which evoked positive and negative emotions among the Spanish pedagogical explorers who visited Decroly Schools in the first decades of the twentieth century. This technology found its way into material school culture in Spain, grew into a veritable mania, but died an early death after the Spanish Civil War. It returned in a new guise, the "globalised didactic units", thanks to textbooks written by the first post-war generations of pedagogues, who rediscovered Decroly's ideas, and developed an emotional bond with these textbooks, and ‒ without knowing it ‒ also with their pre-war predecessors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tapuya: Latin American Science, Technology & Society is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Gold coins and luxury objects together play a prominent role in the presentation of Visigothic culture in museums as well as in discussions of the early medieval economy and political history of the Iberian Peninsula. Despite this, there is little consensus about the processes by which gold was exploited under Visigothic rule. This article assembles the disparate evidence for mining in Atlantic Iberia, where plentiful gold deposits were previously extracted on a large scale under Roman rule in the north-west and along the Tagus River. It discusses the contributions of numismatic and liturgical objects as well as the limited direct evidence for mining. It then integrates this evidence into discussions of rural settlement, arguing ultimately that mining should be seen as part of a diversified economic strategy among rural labourers, likely carried out on a small-scale basis alongside agriculture and other subsistence activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unequal exchange is a common theme in two major global issues, uneven economic development and the environmental crisis. Ecologically unequal exchange is usually derived from the product composition of international trade as an opposition between extractive and industrial economies. However, this explanation fails to capture asymmetric flows of biophysical resources in the new international division of labour. Inspired by an Eco-Marxist approach, a consistent account of the ecologically unequal exchange is presented based on the different value of money between countries. An econometric test confirms the theoretical hypothesis. Unequal exchange emerges as a structural manifestation of the uneven development of capitalism, which exacerbates the global environmental crisis and pre-existing power imbalances by reproducing global economic and ecological hierarchies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we attempt to explain how Spanish schoolteachers built their knowledge around Progressive Education and just how they assimilated these new teaching practices, a process we conceptualise as "appropriating the New". Our source consists of the 287 files presented by state schoolteachers from all of Spain as part of their candidacy in the competitive exams held in 1932 for the position of school headteacher. These files, which contain the professional history of each of these teachers, elaborated by him or herself, allow us to analyse the discourses and practices developed and used in their classrooms. Drawing on these teachers' accounts we have designed a typology with five different levels of appropriation of the ideas and practices of Progressive Education. These five categories are (1) Recognising the New; (2) Understanding the New; (3) Bonding with the New; (4) Applying the New; (5) Internalising the New. These levels, which represent the gradual implication of this sample of schoolteachers with the ideas of Progressive Education, bear witness to how their identification with these concepts led to a transformation of their teaching practices. We will then use this typology to study the appropriation of one of the best-known progressive ideas, i.e. self-government, which under the Second Republic of Spain in the 1930s acquired a particular political relevance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, photoactive polymer film coatings were prepared using the breath figure (BF) method, starting from a poly(tert-butyl acrylate-styrene block), PtBA-block-PS and a photochromic agent, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,3-dimethylindoline-6-nitrobenzopyran (SP) grafted onto the poly(tert-butyl acrylate) block. The effects upon the composite film behavior in response to the solvent concentration, type of solvent and relative humidity were studied. Films containing homogeneously dispersed micrometre-sized pores were obtained. The optical and morphological behavior were investigated using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The films obtained have various potential applications as surface coating materials with color changing properties, such as whiteboards, device displays or advertising surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wear phenomenon impact the operating efficiency and service life of engineering materials due to the influence of surface interaction at different working conditions. Successive tribological studies on wear-resistant materials in the last decade is estimated at approximately 40% of friction and wear, including laboratory tests. Most locally improvised wear testers in accordance with American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and European (EN) standards, though, achieve 95-97% parametric accuracies with reduced cost, they hardly harmonize degradation and Archards coefficients for all possible wear factors, providing little data for simulation of mechanical and chemical wears which are responsible for non-uniform aggregation of wear patterns in practice. Complexities of intermeshing factors which combine to influence the effectiveness of developed test devices span over loads, speeds, temperatures, pressures, and ambience for various applications. This study highlights the techniques of wear characterization, test standards, and wear reduction with emphasis on surface texturing for improved eta/beta phase rearrangements at low working temperatures in the enhancement of grain contraction during high bias-voltage cathodic substrate multi-phase coating, phosphating during pretreatments using peening techniques, residual stress reduction during cryogenic heat treatments as well as the impact of suitable architectural matrix composite strengthening, microstructures, and material reinforcements as suitable factors to influence improved tribological behaviors in materials. Optimal additive manufacturing (AM-fabricating) techniques with pretreatments, thermal cycling, and tempering can engineer enhanced anti-tribocorrosion in automotive components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to international fragmentation, production increasingly occurs in global supply chains (GSC). The common belief is that this leads to more specialization, which implies more concentration of imports and exports over time. In this paper, we empirically test this hypothesis by analysing the geographical and sectoral concentration of GSC over the period 1995–2011. We adapt the traditional Herfindahl's concentration indexes to a multi-regional input–output framework. Taking the information on intersectoral and interregional linkages into full account gives the concentration indexes of GSC. The indexes are at different aggregation levels, which enables us to examine both geographical and sectoral concentration patterns. After that, we analyse the effect a country's geographical and sectoral concentration on its gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. Our findings are: an increase of geographical and sectoral concentration of GSC from 1995 to 2011; a growing role in global production chains played by China and other Asian countries; less concentration for European Union countries; a significant positive effect of geographical concentration on GDP per capita; and a significant negative effect of sectoral concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient and rapid one-pot multicomponent synthesis of 1H-pyrazolo[1,2-b]phthalazine-5,10-diones through condensation of aldehyde, malononitrile and phthalhydrazide catalyzed by agro-waste solvent catalyst-derived water extract of mango peel ash (WEMPA) under microwave irradiation is described. Further, the catalyst is prepared from agricultural waste and characterized for elemental composition by different techniques such as SEM-EDX, XRD and flame photometry. This green synthetic approach offers various advantages such as inexpensive, abundantly available source, shorter reaction time (6–8 min), good-to-excellent yield (83%–89%), simple workup and a sustainable alternative method to the existing protocols. All the synthesized compounds (4a–l) was confirmed by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and LC-MS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the structural and technical changes in Spain since the 1980s, using annual input–output tables. Specifically, a differential structural decomposition analysis (SDA) is applied to shifts in value-added, revealing eight different components and allowing the estimation of the impacts of technical change on the process of economic transformation on a sector-by-sector basis. We conclude that growth in the Spanish economy in recent decades was a mix of technological modernization and general economic expansion, although with some heterogeneity among sectors over time. High-technology services played a key role in modernization in the late 1980s and 1990s. In fact, the growth of High-technology, Medium-high-technology, Energy and Construction sectors accelerated through the 2008 crisis. Labour compensation and returns from capital followed different trends both during expansions and recessions, intensifying income inequality in Spain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper reports effect of chemical modification of bagasse fibers by using oxidizing agents like potassium permanganate and potassium dichromate. The fiber modification was assessed by several techniques like Fourier Transfer Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) which provide evidences for the desired structural changes. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) used to analyze the microstructure of the samples. Our studies reveal decrease in the crystallinity index of samples after treatment with dichromate solution implying effective removal of polar impurities. Raw fibers had crystallinity index of 72% while permanganate and dichromate treated fibers showed 47% and 50%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work describes the use of the breath figure (BF) method for the fabrication of photoactive porous polymer films and the characterization of their responsive to photo stimulus. The films incorporate self-assembled photoactive polymers and ZnS nanoparticles (NPs). The effect of both components on the optical and morphological properties of the films were analyzed. Films with a hexagonally ordered pattern were obtained. The photoactive polymer was prepared by grafting the photochromic component 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,3-dimethylindoline-6-nitrobenzopyran (SP) to polystyrene-block-polymethacrylic acid (PS-b-PMMA). ZnS NPs were incorporated into the polymer solution, and the films were prepared using spin-coating on glass substrates before subjecting them to the BF method. The hollow footprints were obtained before introducing the ZnS NPs in order to maintain the necessary conditions for hexagonal film growth. Accordingly, the SEM micrographs of the films prepared in the presence of ZnS NPs displayed a loss in the pore arrangement as a consequence of the interaction between SP moiety and NPs. The light-emitting properties of films were characterized by blue and violet colors when exposed to UV light under fluorescence. Progress in the field of breath-figure formation and its application, such as exemplified in this work, leads to functional structures with suitable applications in chemistry and materials science. It is expected that such microstructured polymeric films will have interesting applications in photonic and optoelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article takes the Miró Law as a case study in order to analyse what type of cinema was regarded suitable to depict the values of the new Spain at the end of the Transition period (1975–1982) and the consolidation of the democracy in Spain when the Socialist Party won the general elections in 1982. The Miró Law has been one of the most discussed pieces of legislation by scholars in the field. Drawing on Pierre Bourdieu's theory of cultural production, this article revises the notion of 'quality cinema' fostered by the Miró Law to propose a different reading of the film policies carried out by the Socialist Party to foster a cinema that could embody the values of the new democratic Spain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Spanish Cultural Studies is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the present research, nanocomposites based on copper (I) oxide poly(1-vinyl-2—pyrolidone-co-itaconic acid) nanostructures (Cu2O/p(NVP-co-AI)) were synthesized by the electrodeposition method using the copolymer p(NVP-co-AI) as a stabilizing agent in the reduction of Cu+2 to Cu+. The chemical and physical properties of the nanostructures were characterized by techniques such as scanning electron microscopy, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, Raman and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry. The obtained nanostructures are mainly a mixture of agglomerated nanospheres with a diameter of approximately 78 to 91 nm, with an alternation of nanolaminar structures, composed of copper (I) oxide species. In the case of the Cu2O/p(NVP-co-AI) nanocomposite, it was observed a decrease in the carbon-oxygen vibration links of the carbonyl groups in IR intensity for the polymer when it was dissolved in the electrolytic solution, which indicates that interactions are produced by the carbonyl groups with the Cu2O species. In addition, bandgap values of 1.80 and 1.63 eV were estimated by the Kubelka–Munk method for Cu2O and Cu2O/p(NVP-co-AI) samples, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multiregional input–output (MRIO) and computable general equilibrium (CGE) models have greatly facilitated approaches to environmental and economic problems in recent years. This paper examines regional reallocation criteria intended to reduce water constraints in the Spanish economy. Our goal is to assess the impact of alternative allocation scenarios for regional production on the country's agriculture and agri-food industries, and the associated effects on water resources along the whole length of food supply chains, which display significant asymmetries between regions caused by imbalances in the availability of water resources. We design a CGE model using an MRIO database for Spain. Our scenarios are based on increases in the production of water-intensive crops in regions with more abundant water resources and the development of more sustainable food supply chains between farms and the agri-food industry. Our findings point to a series of policy options that could be applied to ensure successful outcomes in both directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mixed-effects models can be used to examine the association between a categorical moderator and the magnitude of the effect size. Two approaches are available to estimate the residual between-studies variance, τ r e s 2 —namely, separate estimation within each category of the moderator versus pooled estimation across all categories. We examine, by means of a Monte Carlo simulation study, both approaches for τ r e s 2 estimation in combination with two methods, the Wald-type χ 2 and F tests, to test the statistical significance of the moderator. Results suggest that the F test using a pooled estimate of τ r e s 2 across categories is the best option in most conditions, although the F test using separate estimates of τ r e s 2 is preferable if the residual heterogeneity variances are heteroscedastic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Padua Inventory–Washington State University Revision (PI–WSUR) is a frequently used test to assess obsessive–compulsive symptoms in screening and clinical contexts. A reliability generalization meta-analysis was carried out to estimate the average reliability of the PI–WSUR scores and its subscales and to search for characteristics of the studies that can explain the heterogeneity among reliability coefficients. A total of 124 independent samples reported some coefficient alpha or test–retest correlation with the data at hand for the PI–WSUR scores. The average internal consistency reliability of the PI–WSUR total scores was.929 (95% CI [.922,.936]), and for the subscales, the means ranged from.792 to.900. The test–retest reliability for PI–WSUR total scores was.767 (95% CI [.700,.820]), with the subscales ranging from.540 to.790. Moderator analyses revealed a positive relationship between the standard deviation of PI–WSUR total scores and alpha coefficients, as well as higher reliability estimates for the original version of the test and for studies from North America. The reliability induction rate for the PI–WSUR was 53.7%. Regarding reliability, the PI–WSUR ranks among the best scales for assessing obsessive–compulsive symptoms. Internal consistency reliability was excellent for the PI–WSUR total score and good for the subscales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-cost natural wastewater treatment technologies are very useful in developing communities that lacks investment and technologies. Wetland technologies prove excellent results for wastewater treatment. The objective of this study is to compare and propose a new wastewater technologies using wetland, weirs as an aeration source, finally add Mouringa Oleifera seeds which proven effective in removing: suspended substances, turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), color, and other organic pollutants. To cover the objectives, several studies have been carried out, and can be summarized as follows: two study areas were investigated that used instream wetland as a natural treatment and compare the hydraulic design and efficiency for two case studies both in Egyptian drainage systems. Secondly, studied a field aeration weir that already exists in one of the rural drains and studied its ability to improve water quality after aeration system, finally represent a laboratory analysis using Mouringa Oleifera seeds for drainage water treatment. Removal efficiency for the first wetland study area ranged from 35% to 75% for removal of suspended solids, from 58% to 30% for BOD, 57–44% for COD, and 99% for fecal coliform. While in the second instream wetland is 50% for EC, 83.33 for bicarbonate, 44.2% for TDS, 20% for TSS, 60% for BOD, 85% for COD, 63% for calcium, 88% for potassium, 20% for magnesium, 90% for lead, 99% for total and fecal coliform. The removal efficiency when using M. Oleifera is 85.1% for turbidity, 96.1% for total coliform, 82.8% for total coliform, 60% for arsenic, 85% for cadmium, and 90% for nickel. The efficiency for weir as an aeration source is 77.1% for EC, 98% for TDS, 92.9 for bicarbonate, 95.8% for chloride, and 83.3% for phosphate. The studied technologies offer a cheaper alternative to conventional treatment methods without using any chemical substances for treatment and provide minimum operation and maintenance needs. The instream wetland could be replicated to cover a larger percentage of drains recommend using M. Oleifera beside native plants in wetland especially in sedimentation zone, also study weirs as an aeration source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural fiber composites expected to be in great demand in the coming years due to increased consumer awareness to reduce the waste and environmental pollution. Bagasse fibers available in plenty as an agro-residue and bio composites derived from such renewable resources offer potential for scale-up and value addition. This review provides an insight on current research trends on development and characterization of bagasse-based composites. Various chemical treatment methods and processing techniques used to improve the mechanical, thermal, acoustic, and aging properties of sugarcane bagasse reinforced composites are summarized in the review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

South Africa is a water-scarce nation, and this has resulted to the use of groundwater as one of the alternative sources. Owing to the low socio-economic status of some communities in rural areas, where modern water purification equipment is not available, groundwater is consumed without prior treatment. Siloam Village, Limpopo Province, is one of such communities; however, the presence of excess fluoride in groundwater has led to the occurrence of fluorosis, which constitutes a health concern. Vermiculite which is a clay mineral is highly available in Limpopo Province and has not been exploited for defluoridation; thus, this study was aimed at the defluoridation of groundwater in Siloam Village using vermiculite modified with hexadecyltrimethylammonium, a cationic surfactant with antimicrobial properties. The clay mineral was activated with NaCl and subsequently modified by agitating with the surfactant in a 5%w/v solution. The pzc of the modified vermiculite was deduced to be 6.4 while that of the control vermiculite was 9.7. Using groundwater from sampling points GW 1 and GW 2 for defluoridation studies, the results show 22.27% and 20.72% removal while a maximum of 49.4% was obtained from a 5 mg/L laboratory simulated fluoride solution. The effect of competing anions especially CO32-, as well as the low electro-positivity on the surface of the modified vermiculite reduced the fluoride sorption potential of the adsorbent. Thus, the use of vermiculite modified with hexadecyltrimethylammonium is not a very suitable option for solving the problem of fluorosis in rural environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, we have investigated the effect of the chemical structure, concentration and solvent on the morphological properties of diblock copolymers at a certain percentage of humidity. The block copolymers were prepared using the atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) to obtain well-defined amphiphilic block copolymers with controlled molecular weights and molecular weight narrow size distribution. Breath figures (BF) method was used for the formation of porous materials or microspheres under certain experimental conditions, where the role of the water involved is crucial. The self-assembly behavior of these copolymers in presence of water drops was investigated by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) exhibiting their ability to form spherical micelles under certain experimental conditions. The morphological properties of the films indicated that these diblock copolymers promotes the coexistence of porous and microspheres in the surface of the films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the political press in Buenos Aires during the revolutionary decade of 1810–1820. Using texts from the most important newspapers of the era, it analyzes the evolution of discursive strategies through which vital political issues reached the public. Concepts such as liberty, nation, governance, and sovereignty shifted meanings in the course of an increasingly divisive and violent political arena. The growing tensions between government authorities and journalists resonated with the ambivalence of positions taken on fundamental political rights, including freedom of the press. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural waste composite-activated carbon was developed and characterized by means of chemical activation (KCl) to be utilized for the uptake of Pb(II) and As(ll) in a batch adsorption process. This study was carried out to minimize the widespread of heavy metals within water source. Batch adsorption studies were carried out with the consideration of factors such as pH, temperature, initial concentration, adsorbent dosage and contact time. The phase identification (XRD), surface chemistry (FTI-IR), surface area (BET), surface morphology and elemental identification (SEM/EDX) were all investigated in this study, and the BET surface area were 230.242 and 849.630 m2/g resulting in relatively high adsorption capacities of 200 and 250 mg/g for both As(lIl) and Pb(II), respectively. The adsorption rate of Pb(II) and As(III) onto AWCAC was faster in the first 30 min but it attained equilibrium at 90 min for both metal ions. The Isotherm models studied show that the adsorption process was fitted best to Langmuir model. The result of the kinetic and thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order, physical, exothermic, and spontaneous in nature. The adsorption of As(III) and Pb(II) unto agricultural waste composite when compared with other adsorbents in literature gave the highest adsorption capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of incorporation of titanium oxide (TiO2) and hydroxyapatite (HA) on the mechanical properties of wollastonite (CaSiO3) was investigated in this study. TiO2/CaSiO3/HA composites were prepared and characterized by means of physical and mechanical properties. Morphology analysis revealed that the wollastonite composite possesses a rough surface. Moreover, the addition of TiO2 and HA to wollastonite was evaluated by means of bulk density and Vickers Hardness. The wollastonite composites containing TiO2 (10–30 wt%) and HA (20–40 wt%) were sintered between 1230°C and 1270°C, with a ramp rate of 10°C/min and a holding time of 2 h. The results indicated that the additives played a significant part in enhancing the physical and mechanical properties of the composite wollastonite in comparison to the pure wollastonite, particularly in composites containing higher percentage of TiO2 (25–30 wt%) and lower HA (20–25 wt%). Furthermore, the results obtained from the XRD analysis revealed that the newly formed apatite particles on the surface of the wollastonite composite were comprise of superfine crystalline and/or defective structure grains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genus Lachemilla in Ecuador consists of 27 species distributed along the páramos and superpáramos of the Andes. With 11 species, it is one of the most species-rich genera in the superpáramo zone. We report the presence of apomixis in Lachemilla hirta and L. hispidula. Both species were regularly visited by entomofauna, where Diptera were the most representative group. Three treatments (enclosing the inflorescences with mesh bags, wax paper bags and the open-pollinated control) were used to determine the presence of pollination, apomixis and both processes respectively. In the fruiting assays with the mesh bags, L. hirta showed no significant differences when compared to the control treatments; whereas highly significant differences between treatments were found in L. hispidula, where the control treatment was the treatment with more fruit production, which according to the apomixis results, could mean and accidental pollination activity from the insects found in this study. The flow cytometric screen of seeds from all three treatments showed that these species are predominantly autonomous apomicts. Additionally, pseudogamous seeds in L. hirta, and triploid embryos in L. hispidula were also found though in smaller quantities. Interestingly, these results indicate Lachemilla as the very first case of documented apomixis from the páramo ecosystem. Our results suggest that populations of both species are asexual. Furthermore, insects found on these plants use them strictly as feeding sites, for protection and for reproduction, and rarely act as accidental pollinators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Walking is recommended for fibromyalgia, but the rate of adherence to this exercise is not known. Poor adherence to physical exercise can limit the effectiveness in health benefits. Objectives: To examine adherence to interventions that include walking for fibromyalgia and to explore its moderators among the characteristics of patients, of the walking prescription and of the interventions. Data sources: References from 2000 to 2016 have been collected through PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane, and Teseo. Study selection: We included quasi-experimental and randomized controlled trials in adults with fibromyalgia that involved walking for exercise. Two authors screened records independently and disagreements were resolved by discussion. Data extraction: Independently extracted by two assessors. Methodological quality of the studies was assessed using an ad hoc scale. Data synthesis: Nineteen trials, 32 experimental groups, recruited a total of 983 participants (96.78% women) with mean ages between 45 and 60.60. Adherence to the intervention program was reported in 19 of 32 experimental groups and ranged, on average, from 73 to 87.20% depending on the type of assessment. Most relevant moderators of adherence were the recruitment of participants through physicians and the nurses as supervisors of exercise. Conclusion: Adherence rates (attendance at sessions) to programs with walking were high. However, a lack of information precludes knowledge of whether participants sustained walking between sessions or after the treatment. Further work is required to examine in greater depth such contextual variables of interventions as the professional-participant relationship or to explore other possible moderators such as patient expectations of the treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-esteem has been deemed an important variable in many theories over the past 100 years, and several interventions are aimed at improving self-esteem in order to prevent criminal and delinquent behavior. However, no systematic attempt to quantify the collective results of this variable’s effect on criminal and delinquent behavior has been undertaken, and only one narrative literature review has taken place. This meta-analysis seeks to inform the research by focusing on 48 effect sizes from 42 studies spanning 25 years (1990-2015) and 71,130 individuals. Our findings indicate that self-esteem has a small, negative but significant effect on crime and delinquency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A correction is presented to the article "Back to the roots: understanding current agroecological movement, science, and practice in Mexico" which appeared in the previous issue of the periodical.

The aim of this article is to analyze the responsibilities of Spanish households, as final consumers, for the generation of domestic greenhouse gases emissions (GHG), by region of residence, distinguishing between NUTS 1 and NUTS 2 (autonomous regions). The motivation is the process of convergence experimented by Spanish regions based on the strong economic growth experienced by the country until 2008, which could results in different emissions responsibilities because of different lifestyles and production structures. We examine in depth the relationships between a representative household in each region and its patterns of consumption. Although we do find a relationship between per capita income and regional responsibility for pollution generation, it is based on a demand scale effect, which overlaps the effects of the regional consumption patterns. Thus, in the richest regions (Madrid, Northeast, East), despite their having a less polluting pattern than other regions, the level of per capita embodied emissions is higher, due to their higher level of consumption. This scale effect, and the linkages between regional responsibilities for emissions and household consumption patterns are analyzed using linear models based on Social Accounting Matrices. The basis of the estimations is the regional emission intensity (average emission per euro spent by each type of regional home). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hispanic Research Journal is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article, through a Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA) perspective, analyses the only long-term foreign policy decision ever made in Colombia. Since FPA portrays a theory of human political choice to analyse foreign policy behaviour, this analysis will specifically focus on Plan Colombia’s decision-makers as a case study using empirical examples. The purpose is to understand the specificity of this foreign policy decision-making process from an unexplored perspective, namely Groupthink theory. Although Janis has asserted that the process would negatively affect decision-making quality, this article contradicts this assumption based on both the boundaries and opportunities encountered when applying mainstream FPA to a non-US case study. As such, a major challenge remains when it comes to judging quality and, correspondingly, expecting certain outcomes. This article demonstrates that group cohesiveness and concurrence-seeking tendencies may be useful for explaining successful foreign policy decision outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agroecology is a transdisciplinary approach focused initially on agroecosystems and then on broader agro-food systems, which responds to the growing problems arising from an increasingly globalized and industrialized agro-food system. Given that these problems are not homogeneously distributed worldwide, the emergence of agroecology could not be homogenous either. In fact, it is linked to regions, such as Latin America, which have suffered early and serious socio-environmental problems caused by industrialized agriculture. This explains why agroecology in Europe emerged first in Andalusia where, owing to a series of circumstances, there was a certain similarity with social processes unraveling in Latin America. The first part of the paper provides an account of the emergence of agroecology in Andalusia (and Spain), offering explanations about the context that made it possible and the actors involved. It also justifies the strong social and political content that agroecology had in Andalusia from the very beginning. This strong sociopolitical orientation made a very significant contribution to agroecological thought, becoming one of the fundamental pillars of its very definition as a scientific approach. The second section analyzes the circumstances that facilitated the realization of planned government action and sets out the consequences of its implementation. The final section draws certain conclusions about the specificity of agroecology in Andalusia and its contribution to the development of agroecological theory and practice on a global scale. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In the middle of the last century, there were two types of agronomic scientists in Mexico. One group perceived traditional agriculture as backward and in need of modernization with advanced technologies. The other group, engaged in intensive fieldwork, studied and found inspiration in peasant and indigenous systems. This latter group of researchers who studied and described the biocultural richness of these systems provided the foundations for the development of agroecology in Mexico. Mexican indigenous systems also inspired many of the pioneers of agroecology at the global level. In this review, we strive to describe the historical landmarks of the development of agroecological education and research in the past and present in Mexico, while elaborating on the challenges that this discipline faces today and in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The agri-food industry has several features of great importance for sustainable economic growth in rural areas. The objective of this work is to evaluate the effects associated with different scenarios of growth, and changes in the regional agri-food industry. These scenarios simulate changes in exports and imports, changes in technology and changes in the level of industrial integration. We develop a computable general equilibrium model calibrated for the region. Our results indicate that policies trying to improve the competitiveness and dynamism of strategic sectors as the agro-industrial complex in this regional economy exert positive effects on its growth and income, having notable impacts on local job markets but also in other sectors and activities linked through the whole production chain. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article presents information related to the XVI International Workshop on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia 2015 to be held on September 9, 2015 in Sydney, New South Wales.

The Yale–Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale for children and adolescents (CY–BOCS) is a frequently applied test to assess obsessive–compulsive symptoms. We conducted a reliability generalization meta-analysis on the CY–BOCS to estimate the average reliability, search for reliability moderators, and propose a predictive model that researchers and clinicians can use to estimate the expected reliability of the CY–BOCS scores. A total of 47 studies reporting a reliability coefficient with the data at hand were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed good reliability and a large variability associated to the standard deviation of total scores and sample size. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Households have significant demand-side potential to drive reductions in atmospheric emissions, including both direct and indirect emissions. Our analysis focuses on the behaviour of a regional economy (Aragon, Spain) and its impact on greenhouse gases (GHG) and sulphur dioxide (SO2). Using a CGE model, we simulate scenarios and evaluate the environmental impact of adopting changes considered in the Aragonese Climate Change and Clean Energy Strategy. Specifically, we analyse the impact of electricity savings and the promotion of public transport (bus or train) versus private car use. The results indicate that 1 MWh of saving in electricity consumption by households could reduce emissions of GHG by 0.112 kt of equivalent CO2and 8.209 kg of SO2with a shift in demand preferences and 0.022 kt of equivalent CO2and 7.612 kg of SO2with an efficiency improvement. Moreover, household changes in demand preferences regarding private/public transport, also contribute to reduce emissions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the “imperfect” cinema of the Madrid-based filmmaking collective Los Hijos and the individual work of one of their members, Luis López Carrasco. Focusing primarily on disrupted and disruptive temporalities, it argues that filmic materiality and its evolution are key factors in the political critique to which these pieces point. Drawing upon the work of Jacques Derrida and J. Hillis Miller on aporia, the essay maintains that Los Hijos’ films (Los materiales[2009] andÁrboles[2013]) weave complex passages between the traditional conceptual binary ofphysisandtechnēand in doing so complicate temporal paradigms of legacy, heritage and generation. These films, moreover, precisely because of their filmic literacy and political awareness disturb not only the “natural” but also the “national” and its representation. The performative quality of their work, itsfuturity, is incompatible with claims to national allegory. In the same vein, the question of collective filmmaking and the individual subjectivities of the filmmakers complicate, as the article suggests, the traditional concepts of authorship and of the cineaste. The article appropriates the title of one of Hillis Miller's late books, to propose that the motif of the black hole of astrophysics – that connects, absorbs, and dilates time –is suggestively reproduced in the literal appearance of black holes in the surface of the celluloid of López Carrasco's filmEl futuro(2013). [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The colonial mines of Huancavelica in central Peru boasted unique status, as the sole significant colonial American source of mercury, the main catalyst in the production of silver. This importance notwithstanding, Huancavelica remains relatively little known, in part because its historiography lies widely dispersed among journals and edited collections. This article seeks to facilitate further research by reviewing all significant existing work on the mines (more than eighty publications in total). In doing so, it provides a new guide to the history of Huancavelica, designed primarily to highlight major areas still requiring the attention of scholars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From 1563 until the death of the last teacher in 1851, there was a prebendary in the Cathedral of the Canary Islands in charge of the education of children. In fact, it could be said that this prebendary was the only continuous secondary school teacher there was in the Canary Islands until the beginning of the nineteenth century when the High School of La Laguna was founded in the island of Tenerife. This member of the cathedral chapter was called ‘racionero’ in Spanish and his position ‘ración’. This article will examine this interesting Chair of Grammar from its venue to the teacher’s salary, the students, the teachers or the rights and duties of these teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A meta-analysis of the straight fork lengths (herewith abbreviated as L) of 2,458,028 Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus (L.), taken from 224 scientific publications and unpublished L data from scientific organizations and fishing companies spanning most of the known Atlantic and Mediterranean Atlantic bluefin tuna fisheries dating from 1605 to 2011, give L values ranging from Lmin = 20 cm and Lmax = 330 cm. The results indicate that the parameter L∞ = 318.85 cm of the growth equation used by ICCAT's Standing Committee on Research and Statistics Atlantic bluefin tuna assessment group for the eastern stock (Lt = 318.85 [1 – e−0.093 (t + 0.97)]) lies within the confidence limits of the maximum Ls presented in the study: Lmax = 319.93 ± 11.3 cm, confirming that this equation perfectly fits the biology of the growth of this species. These conclusions are also valid for the equation for the western stock (Lt = 314.90 [1 – e−0.089 (t +1.13)]). The ICCAT Atlantic bluefin tuna database contains numerous records of Atlantic bluefin tuna L outside the biological feasibility, and solutions are provided to recognize and remove these outliers based on the application of fixed values of Fulton's condition factor (K) between 1.4 and 2.6 and appropriate L-W relationships to correct this situation in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Latin American independence from Spain and Portugal in the first decades of the nineteenth century was a process of global relevance. A considerable number of new polities emerged that had to deal with radically new political situations. Particularly in the case of the former Spanish colonies, a general rejection of the colonial past determined decisions favouring republican forms of government and the creation of modern citizenry. In this sense, education was credited with the power of revolutionising political life and modernising local and “backward” populations. Education was considered crucial in addressing the three major challenges of postcolonial Latin America: the consolidation of the new polities, the invention of new republican orders, and the reshaping of old inherited identities, particularly those of the subaltern. The articles included in this special issue primarily address these three dimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article mentions people that the editor would like to thank for their work as referees for articles submitted during the period July 2004 to June 2005.

Longer life expectancy and lower fertility rates will lead to an ageing population in most Western countries. This is thought to make earnings-based defined-benefit pay-as-you-go pension schemes unviable in the near future. Some economists suggest shifting towards a capitalized funded system grounding their proposal on the following advantages: (i) it raises national saving, thus leading to a faster rate of accumulation and a larger per capita income; (ii) it offers a higher rate of return on savings; (iii) it is immune to demographic shifts. In this paper we explore the fundamentals of these advantages, and conclude that the theoretical basis supporting them is very weak. We base our theoretical standpoint on the Sraffian-based capital critique and the theory of endogenous money. Additionally, we defend a parametric reform of a standard PAYG using figures that correspond to the Spanish economy for the period 2001–70. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the history of Zaruma, a gold-mining camp in southern Ecuador, focusing specifically on labor. First exploited in the 1550s, Zaruma was at various times worked by indigenous encomienda charges and mitayos, slaves of African descent, and indebted, mostly mestizo peons. Marginal creole families were engaged in small-scale excavation by the eighteenth century, and an apparently unimplemented plan from the Bourbon era later called for uncompensated convict labor. Due to seemingly intractable problems of labor supply, however, Zaruma never boomed in colonial times.

This research has presented a three level-two factors full factorial experimental design that investigated the process parameterization of a centrifugal concentrator for the separation of a waste copper smelter dust (CSD). This was followed by a theoretical contribution involving the development of a scheme of predictive models premised on the concept of constrained interpolant models. These were used for the experimental trend, pattern investigation and furthermore to provide expressions that depicts optimal experimental conditions in this research. Based on the experimental outputs, it was observed that a maximum grade of about 35.02 wt% Cu was achieved at a Rotational Bowl Speed of 120G, Water Flow Rate of 3.0l/min and constant experimental flow rate of 1.48l/min with a Liquid to Solid Ratio of 0.5. Similarly, a minimum output of 14.58% SiO2 and 10.29% Al2O3 was achieved at same experimental conditions. This clearly depicts a trend geared towards optimum experimental conditions aimed at maximizing Cu output and minimizing SiO2 and Al2O3 impurities. The predicted outputs premised on the use of Matlab software are in good conformance with the experimental outputs with a high degree of accuracy and confidence level over 97% as shown in Table 1 and corresponding Figures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]