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Conclusion: Neonatal olfactory ensheathing cells conditioned medium (OEC-CM) can promote growth and proliferation of neonatal spiral ganglion cells (SGCs), as well as protecting them from apoptosis. Objective: To investigate the effects of neonatal OEC-CM on the survival, apoptosis, and proliferation of spiral ganglion. Methods: SGCs were cultured with OEC-CM, the conditioned medium from olfactory nerve fibroblasts (ONF-CM) or control medium containing 10% serum (DF12-10S). After different periods of culture, the cell types present were identified by immunofluorescent confocal imaging analysis, cell proliferation was determined by BrdU incorporation, and apoptosis was detected with the double-labeled NeuroTACS in situ Apoptosis Detection Kit. Results: SGCs cultured with regular control medium died off via apoptosis. Culturing cells with ONF-CM had no significant effects on the natural process of survival and apoptosis of SGCs. However, culture with OEC-CM significantly increased survival and decreased the apoptotic percentage of SGCs. In addition, OEC-CM temporarily stimulated the proliferative capacity of SGCs on the third day of culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conclusion. Endolymphatic sac tumors (ELSTs) are locally invasive, osteolytic, and hypervascular tumors. If the labyrinth has not been invaded, the hearing should be preserved in operation. Objective. To summarize three cases of ELST and discuss whether to keep hearing in the surgical treatment of ELST. Subjects and methods. Complete otorhinolaryngological examinations with audiologic, vestibular, and neurologic evaluations were performed. CT and MRI scans were carried out before operation and in the course of follow-up. The patients underwent radical removal of the tumor through a transmastoid approach and accepted postoperative radiotherapy. In two of them, the structure of the labyrinth and facial nerve were preserved in operation. Results. Histopathologic examinations agreed with features of an ELST. Patients suffered transitory vertigo shortly after operation, and so far, they are alive and well without further cranial nerve involvement. Case 3 patient has good hearing and facial nerve function now. No residual or recurrent tumor was detected on the postoperative MRI images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]