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Following Heidegger, Severino called 'technology' the lógos that interprets the world according to our fundamental belief in téchne. He considered Giacomo Leopardi to be the only thinker who brought this ideology to its logical conclusion: if we can transform the world, then everything is meaningless. We try to escape this conclusion, but if Severino is right, we cannot. His philosophy thus reminds us that we still aren't aware of the fundamental meaning of our beliefs. Confronting its arguments may help us become more self-aware and, perhaps, even move us to question the unquestionable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rousseau coined the term perfectibilité to name what he claimed was the faculty that distinguished human beings from other animals. Although Rousseau himself largely associated perfectibility with the tendency of the human race to become corrupt, later thinkers adopted his term but then transformed it into a concept denoting the human capacity for progress. This article has two goals. The first goal is to analyse Rousseau's discussion of perfectibilité in order to identify a specifically Rousseauean of perfectibilité. I identify three related features of Rousseau's perfectibilité: the ambiguous status of both instinct and freedom, the unique malleability of human nature, and the fact that perfectibilité operates on both the levels of the individual and the species. The second goal is to examine the transformation of this specifically Rousseauean conception in the thought of one of the thinker largely responsible for giving it a very different direction, Condorcet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we describe an approach to the study and development of school principals’ school creed. The approach and its underlying method are grounded in the phenomenological tradition, predominantly in the philosophy of Merleau-Ponty. School principals are asked to imagine an ideal school and present it both visually and verbally. We illustrate the potential of this process using one ideal school proposal developed by a high school principal in Israel. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of the approach for research, theory and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Against a backdrop of the debates on religious education in public or state schools, we argue for the introduction of spiritual ideals into the public school curriculum. We distinguish our notion of spiritual ideals from religious ideals as conceptualised by De Ruyter and Merry. While we agree with De Ruyter and Merry that ideas drawn from religious/spiritual sources play a significant role in the students’ identity formation, development into reasonable liberal democratic citizens, and flourishing as adults, we highlight some problems with their conception of religious ideals. Instead of religious ideals, we propose spiritual ideals in schools using a design thinking approach that acknowledges and welcomes the students’ diversity in understandings of spirituality. We further give examples of student projects that illustrate the potential of design thinking as a pedagogical tool for students to acquire spiritual ideals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the ideas and theories presented by Soviet psychologist Lev Vygotsky and Marxist author Evald Ilyenkov on the concept of consciousness, the ideal, and human activity. Topics discussed include the appearance of consciousness in the form of language, the way Vygotsky defined consciousness as a social relation, and the production of tools for transformative activity through creative thinking according to Ilyenkov.

The article focuses on the concept of askesis as an aesthetic home. It cites the writer Edward Perry Warren and his property called the Lewes House in Sussex, England. According to the author, the concept of askesis pertains to an ascetic lifestyle that keeps distance from temporal and material pleasures. It mentions the ideal of Greek love, in which the writer John Addington described it as a passionate and enthusiastic attachment between man and youth. It also mentions Warren's book entitled "A Defence of Uranian Love."

The article focuses on the conception of Evald Vasilevich Ilyenkov of ideal, defined as a form of subjective activity of social man that has objective meaning and significance. It says that the theoretical foundation of Ilyenkov is the concept of Karl Marx on human as a sociohistorical being, wherein he developed a concrete understanding of human social activity. Moreover, it mentions that ideal exists as man's ideal activity to fulfill his own goals.

The article discusses the concept of Soviet philosopher Evald Vasilevich Ilyenkov of the ideal and its phenomena. It explores Ilyenkov's definition of the ideal as the relationship between at least two different things wherein one of which represents the essence of the other. It says that Ilyenkov looked for ideal forms in real human activity within practical relationships among people. It also tackles the logical, esthetic, and moral phenomena of ideal reality which form human personality.

Fichte is the first great Post-Kantian Idealist and his debt to Spinozism has been acknowledged by virtually all of his commentators. However, the extent of Spinoza's influence on Fichte has not been spelled out in much detail. In response to this I propose to do two things. Firstly, I propose to provide a typology of interpretations of Fichte's Absolute I, as some commentators seem to get entangled in these different interpretations, which can be very confusing to their readership. Secondly, I wish to demonstrate that the Fichtean system is better understood in the light of its Spinozist influences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reflecting on the current status of multicultural education in higher education institutions, we examine Grow Your Own Teachers, a progressive, innovative program that not only embodies and enacts major principles of multicultural education, but also represents an ongoing effort to redefine and revitalize multicultural education within teacher preparation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a scottish perspective of ideas and ideals in University reform in Early Nineteenth-Century Great Britain. Appointment of a royal commission on the Scottish universities; Definition on the function of university instruction; Features of the Scottish system.

Originating from philosophy and science, many different ideas have made their way into educational policies. Educational policies often take such ideas completely out of context, and enforce them as general norms to every aspect of education; even opposing ideals make their way into school's curricula, teaching techniques, assignments, and procedures. Meanwhile, inside the actual classrooms, teachers and students are left in limbo, trying to comply with, techniques, evaluation forms and a growing technical educational vocabulary. Here I would like to propose an antidote to this absurdity by reminding us what teachers and students already know. Such an antidote can be found in J. L. Austin's speech act theory. In this paper, I propose we revisit speech act theory and treat it as an educational theory. That might help us dismantle false dichotomies troubling education for decades. The point is not that the discussion over educational policies and priorities should stop, but that it should be kept in appropriate perspective. A modified speech act theory can help us facilitate such a perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay argues that critics have overlooked the importance of the 1970s in David Foster Wallace's The Pale King. Critical focus on the novel's depiction of 1980s neoliberalism downplays the way it asks readers to consider that decade's changes to be dependent on the transformation of civic ideals in the 1970s. This can be seen most clearly in Chris Fogle's narrative, which this essay argues is an emblematic 1970s story, incorporating the decade's tropes of malaise, uncertainty, self-examination, and surveillance. While Fogle's conversion from selfish student to IRS worker may be seen to run counter to the growth of individualism and suspicion of institutions in the 1970s, this essay argues that Wallace uses it to revive and ventriloquize arguments about civic-mindedness that took place in the 1970s, ultimately offering a definition of civic-mindedness that echoes the work of writers such as Christopher Lasch and Robert N. Bellah. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within current educational discourse, dialogic pedagogy is diametrically opposed to teaching to the test, especially the high-stakes standardised test. While dialogic pedagogy is about critical thinking, authenticity and freedom, test preparation evokes all that is narrow, instrumental and cynical in education. In this paper, we argue that such positioning of dialogic pedagogy as antithetical to testing is detrimental to attempts both to foster dialogue in classrooms and to constructively manage the high-stakes standardised tests that are compulsory in so many schools. Drawing on an extended case study of dialogic teaching in one London primary school, we argue that while standardised testing is indeed an impediment to dialogic pedagogy, it does not follow that dialogue is impossible or undesirable within the testing context. By adopting an ironic stance towards the test, teachers can fulfil test preparation mandates while maintaining dialogic ideals and practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses the Global South’s role in disarmament. It offers evidence of a customarily ignored Southern agency in UN processes and suggests that the later work of Hans Morgenthau explains both this agency and contrary state policies. The article looks at the recent agreement with Iran as an example of constructive convergence and sets out the structure of an emerging and Southern-supported disarmament initiative. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article explores how gendered body ideals are constructed and negotiated among 12 competitive youth swimmers in three Swedish clubs. Of particular interest are the ways boys and girls negotiate body ideals inside and outside of swimming contexts and how they shift gendered symbolic boundaries. The paper is framed by gender theory, and it draws on concepts of sport culture and social culture as well as symbolic boundaries. Interpretative repertoires were analysed to explore the language use in swimmers’ conversations related to the body and body ideals. Data were produced through interviews with competitive youth swimmers. My findings show that both girls and boys negotiate body ideals. The functional body was an interpretative repertoire important in the negotiations and shifting of gendered boundaries between the athletic body in sports and the aesthetic body in society. Swimmers also used an interpretative repertoire of similarity to negotiate symbolic gender boundaries. Furthermore, both identifying with a group and being accepted in that group are suggested to be important factors involved in shifting symbolic boundaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines questions of the family and its role and place in the system of life values in northern regions, where familial traditions have been preserved. Results of six demographic-sociological studies conducted in 1993–2011 in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) are presented. A broad spectrum of opinions about the value and significance of family is revealed. Three main groupings of life values established their relevance for the preservation of familial traditions. Differing views are explained concerning competition among familial, societal-labor and personal orientations as functions of the age and marital and social status of study participants. Family retains its significance in the life of northerners, given their clear child-centric priorities. The relevance for survey participants of material well-being and acceptable modern housing is understood by the authors as a base condition for the life-sustenance of families, and in such a context is not a competitor to family as a fundamental life value for northerners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical fitness demands repetition. Achieving a bodily ideal compels the subject to return day after day to the same designated place and repeat the same set of movements. For this reason, the practice of fitness, especially in regards to the participation of male-identifying subjects, has often been read as a form of discipline, surveillance, and ideological interpellation. In this article, I offer an alternative understanding of this repetition by reading fitness as a deeply performative practice. My focus is physical culture, a movement that emerged at a crucial transitional moment of Western modernity and which systematized men's fitness as we know it today through a popular media apparatus of magazines, postcards, books, film, and theatre where the male body could be viewed, examined, and. Exposing the entwined histories of fitness and theatre in the ‘body of work’ of the Edwardian strongman, wrestler, and physical culturist George Hackenschmidt, I argue that the performative repetitions of physical culture actually reveal the incomplete inscription of ideology upon the site of the body by demonstrating how a certain masculine norm must be continually re-cited. The performance of the built up and stripped down male body is thus ananxiousperformance of masculinity during a period of great industrial transformation. Hackenschmidt's body of work, both as a performer of built masculinity on the vaudeville stage and the wrestling ring, and as an author of numerous books, suggests that when men today re-enact the moves and lifts of physical culture in their fitness practices, they are (to adapt Freud's phrase) remembering, repeating, and working out, though perhaps not workingthrough, the contradictions of modernity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents findings from an interpretive study that sought to understand the meanings and experiences of the mainstream nightclub culture from the perspective of young women. Specifically, how the young women's leisure experiences contested, negotiated, constructed and reconstructed feminine ideals and public displays of sexuality were examined as well as the gendered risks that they mitigate throughout this process. Seven young women, between the ages of 19 and 25, participated in the study. The findings call attention to the ways in which the young women created an alternate and desirable self through their appearance and the consumption of alcohol, how they sought male attention and the repercussions of double standards, and how they kept safe through the use of the buddy system and cautionary tales. Emphasis is placed on the highly contradictory nature of the young women's experiences as well as the significance of leisure, friendships, and gender relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public administration scholarship tends to assume a broad, underlying consensus on the elements of good governance, including the legitimacy of public values, authority, and action, as well as the presence of opportunities, incentives, and motivations for individual and institutional change. The tenor and trajectory of American public life, however, especially as expressed in the outsourcing of national security, belie such a shared perspective. This essay, therefore, examines the concepts and conflicts embedded in the national security environment via a consideration of public value perspectives, public values and public management, and the key literature on national security outsourcing. Finally, with an eye toward possible change, the essay concludes with a recommendation for empirical, as well as normative, multidisciplinary, and multinational research projects, in order to advance our understanding of national security outsourcing and to promote an advocacy and action reform agenda. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

John Tomasi argues that aggressively pro-market, capitalist regimes can secure fair equality of opportunity—a level playing field—even as they honor people's thick economic liberties. The trick is to rely on markets to spread prosperity and high-quality healthcare and education to all. That done, each person will have fair opportunity. Or will she? In truth, Tomasi's “market-democratic” plan cannot bring genuinely fair opportunity to all, even at the level of ideal theory. Nor can it plausibly promise to increase the “quality” of opportunity: the supply, that is, of intrinsically desirable work. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Theorists have long debated whether John Rawls' conception of justice as fairness can be extended to nonideal (i.e. unjust) social and political conditions, and if so, what the proper way of extending it is. This paper argues that in order to properly extend justice as fairness to nonideal conditions, Rawls' most famous innovation—the original position—must be reconceived in the form of a 'nonideal original position'. I begin by providing a new analysis of the ideal/nonideal theory distinction within Rawls' theoretical framework. I then systematically construct a nonideal original position, showing that although its parties must have Rawls' principles of ideal justice and priority relations as background aims, the parties should be entirely free to weigh those aims against whatever burdens and benefits they might face under nonideal conditions. Next, I show that the parties ought to aim to secure for themselves a special class of nonideal primary goods: all-purpose goods similar to Rawls' original primary goods, but which in this case are all-purpose goods individuals might use to (a) promote Rawlsian ideals under nonideal conditions, (b) weigh Rawls' principles of ideal justice and priority relations against whatever burdens and benefits they might face under nonideal conditions, and (c) effectively pursue their most favored weighting thereof. Finally, I defend a provisional list of nonideal primary goods, and briefly speculate on how the parties to the nonideal original position might deliberate to principles of nonideal justice for distributing them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article summarizes research from the author's master's thesis, 'Exhibiting the Holocaust: Museum Tour Narratives as Presentations of Institutional Post-Holocaust American Identity' (MA Thesis, Brandeis University, 2012). The work was conducted to position American Holocaust memorialization within the context of key American Holocaust museum narratives and exhibition displays. The two museums central to this study-the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) and the Museum of Jewish Heritage: A Living Memorial to the Holocaust (MJH)-shed light on the American, Jewish, and Jewish-American understandings of the European Holocaust. Both institutions consciously attempt to intersect and merge American and Jewish ideals, interests, and values, often with one perspective dominating another for specific purposes to be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout much of the twentieth century, the image of the organization man dominated the cultural imagination and undergirded capitalist organizing. Yet, in the last 20 years, there has been a signal shift away from the organization man and toward the entrepreneur as an ideal. Although scholars have suggested that entrepreneurship in the new economy is rooted in neoliberal ideology, I argue that neoliberalism alone does not account for the ease with which entrepreneurialism has become a dominant discourse. By critically examining entrepreneurial discourse as communicated through US business periodicals from 2000 to 2009, I present a case for the “entrepreneurial man” as formed at the partial inclusion and/or rejection of aspects of the self made man, organization man, and neoliberalism. Ultimately, this analysis critiques the entrepreneurial man archetype as a rejection of the social contract and the embracing of a privatized, entrepreneurial American dream. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article explores Hegel’s Philosophy of Right as a work on education that responds to two democratic ideals: the ideal of individual integrity, which demands that individuals come to know the principles that animate them of their own accord, and the ideal of collectivism, which demands that individuals be at home in a shared world. While the great political works of Plato and Rousseau fasten on one of these ideals at the expense of the other, I show that Hegel’s political philosophy accepts both. The result is what I call the paradox of democratic education. Hegel solves this paradox through a three-fold pedagogical strategy which speaks to the transformational possibilities of institutions as well as more directly to the needs of the “ironic consciousness.” This strategy reveals a Hegel who calls on us to strengthen our commitment to a democratic polity through a deeper conception of the requirements of democratic education. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper takes a hard look at merit and the ideal academic, twin concepts that have been accorded short shrift by the scholarly literature. For the most authoritative positions, the ideal displays all the hallmarks of Benchmark Man. Despite the ostensible ‘feminisation’ of the academy, the liberal myth that merit is stable, objective and calculable lingers on. As a counterpoint to the feminisation thesis, it is argued that a re-masculinisation of the academy is occurring as a result of the transformation of higher education wrought by the new knowledge economy. In response, the ideal academic has become a ‘technopreneur’—a scientific researcher with business acumen who produces academic capitalism. This new ideal academic evinces a distinctly masculinist hue in contrast to the less-than-ideal academic—the humanities or social science teacher with large classes, who is more likely to be both casualised and feminised. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper discusses the theory of socialism endorsed by Li Dazhao, China's first Marxist, as an effort to integrate western ideas into the traditional Chinese thinking during the chaotic years of the 1920s. There are two aspects of Li's theory of socialism which, while related, are distinct: (1) a theory about the nature of socialist society, and (2) a theory about how a socialist society can be achieved in China. Li's development of (1) is influenced by his acceptance of the classical Confucian notion of the Great Harmony while his account of (2) draws upon both his acceptance of the Daoist account of historical change and on classic Confucianism. Understanding his theory of socialism thus requires locating it within these two doctrines of classical Chinese philosophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

National identity, how one sees oneself as a member of a given nation, is an important form of social identity. Feelings toward one's country are a matter of both individual and collective concern. In an increasingly diverse world, the issue of identifying with a nation is complex and consequential for individual identity formation as well as collective political identity. How do young people think about what it means to be an American in the United States of America today? Using an in-depth interview approach, I investigate youth experiences in micro-contexts, the local contexts in which young people have concrete experiences that inform their developing identities, to illuminate important elements of the multiple pathways to American identity. Results point toward specific experiences that affect how young people form American identity: attachments to the ideals of America, the mismatch between American ideals and reality, experiences with diversity, opportunities for civic and political participation, and ideas about concepts such as the American dream. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we defend a moral conception of cosmopolitanism and its relevance for moral education. Our moral conception of cosmopolitanism presumes that persons possess an inherent dignity in the Kantian sense and therefore they should be recognised as ends-in-themselves. We argue that cosmopolitan ideals can inspire moral educators to awaken and cultivate in their pupils an orientation and inclination to struggle against injustice. Moral cosmopolitanism, in other words, should more explicitly inform the work that moral educators do. Real-world constraints on moral action and the need to prioritise one's sometimes conflicting responsibilities will often qualify cosmopolitan justice as supererogatory. This fact does not absolve persons from aspiring to see themselves as having the moral obligation to help others in need, while recognising that their factual obligations are more modest in being bound by what they are actually able to do. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines a selection of nineteenth-century appraisals of the mothers in Shakespeare's plays. Nineteenth-century interest in motherhood is hardly surprising, since society at this time regarded the family as the foundation stone of social order, with the mother figure at its ideological centre. The royal family itself set the standard with Queen Victoria, mother of nine, representing the ideal. The significance of motherhood at this time coincided with a rising wave of enthusiasm for Shakespeare's plays and the characters he created, characters that subsequently became role models for real women to emulate. Moreover, where the plays appeared to be wanting in respect of ideal mothers, nineteenth-century critics supplied the void with speculative adaptations and interpretations. In reality, however, notions of the ideal mother were fraught with difficulties and the evidence presented here suggests that whilst many nineteenth-century appraisals of Shakespearean mothers helped to perpetuate notions of the ideal and thereby uphold this significant part of the dominant ideology, others were clearly an attempt to negotiate a place between the real and the ideal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this essay, I analyze how Eduardo Barrios articulates a bidimensional type of satire in his novel Gran Senor y rajadiablos (Great Lord and Hellraiser), underscoring both the anachronism linked to the ideological perception that favored Peninsular lineages as hegemonic signs of aristocratic status, generally associated with the traditional sector of the hacienda, and the preference of the bourgeoisie for the rituals of buen tono as a formula to acquire the emerging forms of social aristocratic prestige based on economic solvency. Satirizing the ideological battle for the appropriation of the signs of aristocratic prestige stresses the persistence of a social differentiation construct, incompatible with the new democratic ideals promoted by the Chilean republican government of the time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Any workable ideal of deliberative democracy that includes elections will need modern democracy's ever-present ally, parties. Since the primary function of parties is to win office rather than to reflect on public questions, parties are potential problems for the deliberative enterprise. They are more at home in aggregative models of democracy than in deliberative models. While deliberative democracy will need its moments of aggregation-and therefore, must have parties-partisans as they actually arise in the political world possess traits that undermine the deliberative ideal. If partisans of partisanship are to be unembarrassed by (or are to correct) these defects, even workable ideals of deliberative democracy need to stand at some distance from the partisan imperative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

My paper explores the character of Marx's critique of equality as an ideal and the salience this critique has for progressives today. I suggest a reading of Marx different from the standard Marxist critique of liberalism as an emancipatory but unrealized set of ideals whose primary function in capitalist society is to conceal its conditions of inequality and unfreedom. Rather, I argue that Marx gestures at the limitations of liberal ideals, and shows why they are logically compatible with capital. This means that progressives are tasked with transcending, rather than merely appropriating, ideals such as freedom and equality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What does it mean for progressive performance activists to use citizenship as an animating rhetoric? To address this question, I examine the activist tactics of two ideologically opposed groups: the civilian border-watch organizations known as Minutemen and a neo-anarchist collective called the Clandestine Insurgent Rebel Clown Army. While the Minutemen pursue a particular paleoconservative ideal of citizen-as-activist, the Clowns eschew citizenship rhetoric altogether. Through an analysis of the two groups, I conclude that citizenship as a concept operates in tension with radical democratic ideals of equality and liberty for all. Nevertheless, its hegemonic effectiveness in progressive endeavors makes it indispensible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Part of being a good professional is, so we contend, to have ideals. Ideals essentially complement the deontic considerations that are usually taken as the main components of professional moral deliberation. Yet the notion of professional ideals is problematic. As professional ideals they refer to a profession collectively, while as professional ideals they are first of all strong personal commitments of individual professionals. As collective aspirations, professional ideals have a kind of external normative thrust on individual professionals, but people cannot be forced to identify with ideals on demand. Endorsing ideals can only come from within. On the basis of an analysis of 'professional ideals' and 'professional identity', we conclude that professional ideals are necessary constituents of the personal identity of professionals. This explains the dual character of professional ideals: they are pursued by a collective and constitute the group professional identity but they also need to be endorsed by individual professionals in order to be able to say that the ideals are their own. We end with a short and tentative description of some practical implications for the fostering and education of professional ideals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This contribution focuses on the power of commemorative ritual with special attention for bodily matters. It relies on empirical material from a sequence of ceremonies in commemoration of Dutch singer Andre Hazes (1951-2004). All celebrations were staged performances and widely mediated events. In the Dutch context, they were of an unusual form, content and scale, and evoked widespread amazement and even disapproval. Significant in all these performances was the bodily presence of Hazes, not only by the literal presence of Hazes' dead body, but also in the form of mimicked representations by his fans. Hazes was an ambiguous celebrity, his bodily appearance and habits offered occasion for identification as well as abjection. Emphasising his general physical appearance (fat, sweating, unhealthy looking), the 'social body' of Andre Hazes appears as a counter-ideal of rough authenticity, in opposition to the dominant social construct of the body as young, smooth, healthy and beautiful. The contribution's main argument is that his fans' bodily identification is a practice to contest dominant bodily ideals in a societal struggle about who matters and who does not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article the author discusses the relationship between the dynamic factors affecting military options and military ethics. Factors discussed by the author include ideals, competition of wills, and physical, intellectual and moral dynamics. Also discussed is the need for military leaders to think before taking action.

This paper examines the relationship between the aesthetic thought of Joseph Addison and Richard Steele and early modern virtuoso culture. It argues that both Addison and Steele did not reject virtuoso culture so much as to attempt to reform and redefine it. It is observed that Addison in particular wrote a virtuoso travel narrative in his Remarks on Italy as well as contributing to the discourse on antiquarian medal-collecting. In their writings on art and connoisseurship in the Tatler and Spectator essays, both Addison and Steele can be understood as defenders of a neo-classical aesthetic that rejected and ridiculed a supposedly indiscriminate virtuoso aesthetic of curiosity. But the essays are best understood as part of an important moment of transition in which an early enlightenment notion of taste emerged from a template established by baroque virtuosity rather than as a complete rejection of virtuoso culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the historical background of Henrik Ibsen's dramas. In addition, the author discusses Ibsen's social status, ideals, and how these ideals affect his way of making dramas. Theories and ideals of different philosophers including Sigmund Freud, Karl Marx, and Edmund Burke are also presented.

It is popularly believed within sport's practice communities that a contest fails if the competitor who performs most skilfully in it does not win. The belief is rarely acknowledged explicitly, and therefore deserves to be considered ideological in a sense. In this paper I challenge that belief. For conceptual reasons, I confine the discussion to the purposive sports, e.g. football and tennis. The concept of skill is approached by articulation of a set of platitudes about skill in the purposive sports. The first is the conceptual wedge between skill and success. The second is the distinction between skill and other performance-relevant qualities such as courage, strength and luck. The third is the fact that skill deficits can be compensated by sufficient amounts of the other performance relevant qualities. The fourth is the dispositional and dynamic character of skill. The relation between skill and final objectives in the purposive sports means that (i) qualities such as nerve and courage can trump the more skilful performance; and (ii) poor execution of a narrow range of skills can result in the competitive failure of the more skilful performance. There is no viable ideal of sport that would ground regret about the realisation of the immediately preceding possibilities. The inclination towards such regret might be partly motivated by the wish to take a gratifying view of ourselves. An end to this response, and a more inclusive, less hierarchical conception of sport skills, is worth recommending. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we posit a radical retheorization of anorexia as a form of deviance. We examine how the disciplinary practices and moral technologies typical of contemporary secondary schooling signify and enter into the articulation of three ‘virtue discourses’ (discipline, achievement and healthism), and tease out how these ‘virtue discourses’ play into the formation of the ‘anorexic’ subject. Informed by Foucauldian theory, our analysis draws on our life history interview study with teenage girls diagnosed with anorexia nervosa and their parents. We argue that anorexia can be understood not as a form of deviance but as a ‘paradox of virtue’ involving zealous compliance with and taking up of socially and culturally sanctioned ‘virtue discourses’ that are immanent in schooling and wider society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses on the history of intellectual detective story or the intellectual drama about the problem of mind, which started with mystery and followed by an investigation. Plato, a philosopher, had observed the discrepancy between the ideal forms of the content of mind and the world of everyday phenomena. Philosopher Rene Descartes focuses on the fundamental difference between res cognitas and res extensa with their interaction in the act of thinking.

This article examines representations of democratic practices in a handful of contemporary utopian novels and sketches. The analysis serves several purposes. It provides a relatively unique way of reviewing and interrogating democratic ideals and virtues, identifying their ambiguities, presuppositions, and interconnections. The analysis serves also to reveal tensions within and between these ideals and virtues, and to explain why many of these tensions are unavoidable and how they might be negotiated. Finally, the analysis facilitates assessment of the potential benefits and risks associated with alternative arrangements and strategies aimed at securing democratic ideals and virtues, and at negotiating the tensions between democratic ideals and between those ideals and other goods and values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is one of the outcomes of my almost two-decade-long cooperation with Professor J.A. Mangan, who in his research and extensive publication projects has done more than any other scholar to make Nordic research known to a wider audience. For this the Nordic research community is truly thankful, as it is for Professor Mangan's energetic efforts to focus the international research on genuinely global matters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]