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Utilization of waste-derived materials for industrially pertinent chemical transformations is highly challenging and offers sustainable solution to waste management. Despite several difficulties in the manufacture of aryl iodides (AIs), which are the fundamental substrates in organic synthesis, we report here, an added oxidant/metal/catalyst/additive and problematic solvent-free versatile and straightforward protocol for the synthesis of AIs using molecular iodine (I2) in water extract of pomegranate ash (WEPA). These transformations were performed at room temperature (rt) and the reactions takes place in 5–20 min to give 83–99% yields of AIs. WEPA was characterized by using XPS, EDX, XRF, XRD, and FTIR analysis and a plausible mechanism has been established based on these analyses along with some control experiments. Further, the products were purified by recrystallization technique. This work with intrinsic sustainability, high substrate feasibility, utilization of biorenewable catalystytic media, ease of execution and separation of products, and added oxidant/catalyst/metal and additive-free conditions may become one among the forefront sustainable procedures in making AIs. The use of waste-derived WEPA as catalystytic media for this iodination is the novelty of this method and may be used these AIs for further in-process transformations (e.g. cross-couplings, nucleophilic reactions, etc.) to access fine chemicals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: Instrumentation; reproducibility; tongue; range of motion; deglutition EN Instrumentation reproducibility tongue range of motion deglutition 76 98 23 08/25/21 20210601 NES 210601 Oral motor skills play a critical role in speech and feeding processes (McMurray et al., [25]). The IOPI is one of the most widely used instruments which measures the strength of the tongue and lips in kPa; it also measures the endurance of the tongue and lips in Sec. The IOPI, JMS tongue pressure measurement device, lip & tongue pressure gauge, and a variety of dynamometers are commercialized and available in portable form. The TOMS aimed to objectively quantify tongue strength and endurance, the strain-gauged cantilever beam to measure maximal upper and lower lip closing forces, the multidirectional lip-closing force measurement system to quantify the directional specificity of the lip-closing forces, the lip & tongue pressure gauge to measure tongue and lip strength, the Forling portable instrument to measure tongue force, the lip force-meter LF100 to measure lip force, the CITEC digital dynamometer to measure tongue strength, a button and elastic band to measure lip strength, and the electronic dynamometer to measure maximum force of the tongue, lips, cheek, and bite. [Extracted from the article]

The present study deals with the development of a wood assisted fungal system (WAFS) from wood chips using Trametes hirsuta to remove polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in BRW. The WAFS exhibited a 1.4-fold higher ligninolytic enzyme production than free fungi in the effluent. Further, to understand PAHs bioremediation by T. hirsuta, biodegradation along with biosorption were studied in model PAHs, phenanthrene (Phe) and benzo (a) pyrene (BaP), in the presence of synthesized rhamnolipids. The WAFS mineralized up to an average of 91.26% Phe and 87.72 % BaP along with biosorption of 12.35% Phe and 18.36 % BaP within 12 days. Thus, the addition of rhamnolipids showed 1.2-fold enhanced biodegradation. However, rhamnolipid concentrations beyond 50 ppm reduced the degradation efficiency of WAFS. Moreover, the degradation capability of total aromatic hydrocarbon (TAH) in biorefinery wastewater by WAFS is 1.8-fold higher than that of free fungi, which confirms the effectiveness of the system. Implications: Simultaneous application of white-rot fungus along with surfactant into a pollutant environment affects the microenvironment of the fungus and reduces the production of their degradative enzymes. In addition, the requirement of periodical supplement of external nutrient in the real-time matrix for the growth of white rot fungi may trigger competitive growth of indigenous microorganisms. Considering this glitch, the current work utilizes the carpenter waste for the strategical develop a wood assisted fungal system to protect the microenvironment of the fungi in the presence of rhamnolipids and contribute to their survival in real time matrix, with enhanced PAHs degradation efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increase in the cognizance toward the wide and abundant lignocellulosic biomass, a great interest has been garnered toward the production of value-added products from the biomass. Hence, by capitalizing the Casuarina equisetifolia biomass, the current work developed a simultaneous pre-treatment and saccharification (SPS) process using transgenic Trichoderma atroviride. The ability of T. atroviride to produce lignolytic and cellulolytic enzymes was enhanced by optimizing key process parameters. Under the optimized conditions, a maximum of 1245.6 U/kg of cellulase and 1203.36 U/kg of xylanase, 183.2 U/kg of laccase along with 392.36 g/kg of fermentable sugars were obtained. On comparing with acid and alkaline pre-treatment methods, the T. atroviride -mediated SPS process exhibited trace formation of fermentative inhibitors, which resulted in a minimal inhibition of Escherichia coli. Overall, the current work implements the biorefinery concept on Casuarina equisetifolia biomass by advocating circular economy. Implications: Valorization of lignocellulosic waste biomass into value added compound and as biofuel is considered as a promising alternative resource, owing to its availability and low production cost. However, the presence of chemically resistant lignin demands an intensive treatment process, which sometimes leads to the formation of fermentative inhibitors. Casuarina equisetifolia is a deciduous commercial plant, and an average of 125 tonnes/hector of waste is generated annually in India. By considering the demerit of delignification and the wide availability of Casuarina equisetifolia biomass (CB), the current work aimed at the development of a single-pot simultaneous pre-treatment and saccharification (SPS) of CB by transgenic Trichoderma atroviride. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to develop a valid and reliable scale measuring the Indonesians' scientific habits of mind (SHOM) levels via the SSIs in context. The sample of the study consisted of 658 Indonesian people (aged 18–68 years; 385 females and 273 males; mean age: 35.5) randomly drawn from 3 districts of Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. To ensure content validity, the researchers matched SHOM (mistrust of arguments from authority, open-mindedness, scepticism, rationality, objectivity, suspension of belief, and curiosity) with the SSIs in the Indonesian context. A group of experts and a pilot study with 10 lay people ensured face validity. Concurrent validity was verified via independent samples t-test. To confirm convergent and discriminant validity, confirmatory factor analysis, and reliability values were calculated. Because the final version (33 items) of the SHOM scale has high validity in content, face, convergent, discriminant, and concurrent, it provides valid conclusions based on the theoretical constructs for the sub-scales. This suggests that the SHOM scale may be adapted or improved for SSIs in different contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the present study an analytical method based on reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography photodiode array detection method was developed for simultaneous determination of withaferin-A and withanolide-A in plant parts of two cytotypes (diploid n = 12 & tetraploid n = 24) of Physalis angulata. All the plant parts were extracted in different solvent solutions i.e., acidic [HCl] methanol (i.e., methanol containing 0.3% of HCl), methanol, n-hexane, chloroform. Both the compounds were comparatively analysed. The results revealed that tetraploid cytotype (n = 24) showed the higher composition of both the reference compounds. The method is simple, rapid and provides better resolution can be easily applied to the quantitative analyses of withanolides in plant matrices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The objectives of this scoping review were to summarize, understand, and disseminate findings from a broad body of literature on rehabilitation interventions used with survivors of head and neck cancer. Method: Searches were conducted in six databases. Inclusion criteria were studies of adult head and neck cancer survivors with a predefined primary rehabilitation outcome as a result of an intervention. Excluded were studies not written in English, opinion papers, or studies where the intervention was not carried out by a rehabilitation healthcare service. A second level, full-text review of the studies was conducted. A thematic analysis was used to examine and combine study findings. Results: A total of 3804 results were retrieved from all sources resulting in 39 papers that were analyzed. The thematic analysis of the included papers represented interventions focusing on swallowing and nutrition, speech, physical therapy, assistive devices, complementary and alternative modalities, comprehensive interdisciplinary programs, and preventive rehabilitation programs. Conclusion: This review has provided an overview of the scope of rehabilitation interventions available for survivors of head and neck cancer and preliminary information about their efficacy. This is foundational information for the development and refinement of rehabilitation interventions and programs for head and neck cancer survivors. The existing evidence suggests that survivors of head and neck cancer can benefit from early screening of potential rehabilitation needs and being involved in preventive rehabilitation programs pre-surgery when possible. Rehabilitation programs should consider swallowing interventions for patients as evidence reports improved swallowing function, decreased pain and discomfort, and reduced duration of feeding tube use. Rehabilitation programs should consider nutritional interventions after radiotherapy: Patients benefited from stabilized weights, improved nutritional status, and an improved quality of life. Physical exercise interventions demonstrated improvements in physical function, muscular endurance, range of motion, overall quality of life, and showed reductions in pain, and fatigue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dysgerminoma is an uncommon malignant tumor arising from the germ cells of the ovary. Its association with pregnancy is extremely rare; the incidence is about 0.2-1 per 100,000 pregnancies. Because of its infrequency, there are few recommendations regarding its management in pregnancy; therefore, it is important to discuss and summarize the treatment strategy. Case: We presented a case of a 23-year-old pregnant woman with a large dysgerminoma originated from the right ovary, which had the unusual coincidence of being associated with an abdominal desmoid tumor simultaneously. We did not find any similar cases published in the PubMed database after 1947. A cesarean section was performed at 34 + 6 weeks gestation secondary to her abdominal pain worsening. The patient delivered a healthy boy and had fertility-preserving surgery, followed by 6 cycles of chemotherapy. This case is compared with 21 other reported cases of pure ovarian dysgerminoma in the literature to evaluate the clinical characteristics, feto-maternal compromise, treatment, long-term survival, and fertility outcome. Conclusion: The treatment strategy in women with ovarian dysgerminoma should be discussed and structured on an individual basis. If pregnancy is desired, surgical intervention undertaken in the second trimester seems to be the first choice. When chemotherapy is indicated, unless delivery can be accomplished within a few weeks of diagnosis, it should not necessarily be delayed until after delivery. Good reproductive function and high survival rate can be achieved in patients treated with conservative surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Squamous cell carcinoma is responsible for 90% of the head and neck cancers affecting over 600,000 people worldwide. Radiation therapy, surgery and chemotherapy are the most important treatment modalities in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The aim of this review is to summarize the recent innovations in head and neck radiation therapy, which intends to appreciate the cutting-edge intensity-modulated radiation therapy strategies to mitigate long-term toxicities and evaluate promising technologies in the field as adaptive treatment, dose painting and proton therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Purpose. Head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors may experience functional changes to their voice, speech and hearing following curative chemoradiotherapy. However, few studies have explored the impact of living with such changes from the perspective of the HNC survivor and their carer. The current study employed a person-centred approach to explore the lived experience of communication changes following chemoradiotherapy treatment for HNC from the perspective of survivors and carers. Method. Participants included 14 survivors with non-glottic HNC and nine carers. All participants took part in in-depth interviews where they were encouraged to describe their experiences of living with and adjusting to communication changes following treatment. Interviews were analysed as a single data set. Result. Four themes emerged including: (1) impairments in communication sub-systems; (2) the challenges of communicating in everyday life; (3) broad ranging effects of communication changes; and (4) adaptations as a result of communication changes. Conclusion. These data confirm that communication changes following chemoradiotherapy have potentially negative psychosocial impacts on both the HNC survivor and their carer. Clinicians should consider the impact of communication changes on the life of the HNC survivor and their carer and provide adequate and timely education and management to address the needs of this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This review critiques the benefit of commonly used rehabilitative exercises for dysphagia. Method: Common goals of rehabilitation for dysphagia and principles of neuroplasticity are introduced as they apply to swallowing and non-swallowing exercises. A critique of published studies is offered regarding their evidence for showing benefit from the exercise. Result: One of five swallow exercises had preliminary evidence for long-term benefit and two of four non-swallow exercises have strong evidence for long-term benefit. Conclusion: Only a minority of exercises prescribed for patients with dysphagia have sufficient evidence for long-term improvement in swallowing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to find the effects of distributive, procedural, interpersonal, and informational justices on quality of working life (QWL)—namely, job and career satisfaction, working conditions, control at work, home–work interface, and general well-being. A total 1,732 full-time employees from a set of 10 health and rehabilitation centers were surveyed, and 511 usable questionnaires were received. Correlations and regression analysis techniques were used in data analysis. Data revealed that fair distribution of resources and fair use of procedures improved 5 dimensions of QWL. Social exchange theory, multifocal perspective, and virtue ethics were used to explain the findings. This information is relevant for future research in the area of staff–client relations and quality of service. Theoretical, practical, and professional implications, directions for future research, and limitations of the study are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Malignant ovarian germ cell tumours (MOGCT) account for 5% of all ovarian malignancies. Their elevated chemosensitivity, the frequent unilaterality and the young age of patients have strongly supported the conservative surgery as the standard approach, often followed by adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy. The risk for recurrence is not affected by the performance of conservative versus radical surgery. During chemotherapy 50% of patients become amenorrhoeic but more than 95% of them resume normal menses after treatment completion. Literature has reported several healthy babies born after fertility-sparing surgery with or without chemotherapy for MOGCT. The incidence of miscarriages is in the normal range, whereas malformation rate is slightly higher compared to general population, without any difference between chemotherapy-treated and -untreated patients. Therefore, young women with MOGCT must be reassured of their excellent chances of survival and fertility preservation following conservative surgery and adjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]