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HIV status may influence survival from non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Among NSCLC patients in the Bronx, NY, we assessed (1) associations of CD4 count, CD4/CD8 ratio and HIV viral load (VL) with survival and (2) prognostic factors among persons living with HIV (PLWH). We compared survival from NSCLC diagnosis (2004–2017) between HIV-negative persons (HIV-, n=2,881) and PLWH (n=88) accounting for clinical and sociodemographic factors. HIV-survival was also compared with PLWH, dichotomized by CD4 (<200 vs. ≥200cells/µL), CD4/CD8 (median, <0.43 vs. ≥0.43) and VL (<75 vs. ≥75copies/mL) at NSCLC diagnosis. Among PLWH, we assessed the relationships of CD4, CD4/CD8, and VL with survival, adjusting for age, sex, and cancer stage. PLWH with CD4< 200cells/µL had lower survival than HIV- [hazard ratio, 95% confidence interval [HR(95%CI)]=1.86(0.98–3.55)]. Survival was similar between PLWH with CD4≥ 200cells/µL and HIV- [HR(95%CI) = 0.90(0.61–1.33)]. Results were similar when categorizing PLWH by CD4/CD8 [vs. HIV-: low CD4/CD8: HR(95%CI) = 1.74(1.07–3.89); high CD4/CD8: HR(95%CI) = 0.63(0.37–1.07)] and VL [vs. HIV-: <75copies/mL: HR(95%CI) = 0.74(0.46–1.21), ≥75copies/mL: HR(95%CI) = 1.41(0.88–2.27)]. Among PLWH, CD4< 200cells/µL was associated with worse survival [vs. CD4≥ 200cells/µL: HR(95%CI) = 2.37(1.14–4.92)]. CD4, CD4/CD8, and VL may be prognostic markers for PLWH with NSCLC, suggesting immune status may be important in NSCLC survival among PLWH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cooperation among robots 111 multi-robot systems is called MRC (Multi-Robot Cooperation) and is defined by four cooperation modes. Measures of cooperation levels are defined. The design problem of how much cooperation to design is presented, and an analysis is described for systems with 2, 3, 4 and 5 cooperating robots. Production rate and cost effectiveness are used to compare various combinations of systems with and without cooperation. This is part of an extensive study on multi-robot systems characteristics that has been recently completed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary objective: To investigate the attitudes of healthcare professionals towards individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and their relationship to intended healthcare behaviour. Research design: An independent groups design utilized four independent variables; aetiology, group, blame and gender to explore attitudes towards survivors of brain injury. The dependent variables were measured using the Prejudicial Evaluation and Social Interaction Scale (PESIS) and Helping Behaviour Scale (HBS). Methods and procedures: A hypothetical vignette based methodology was used. Four hundred and sixty participants (131 trainee nurses, 94 qualified nurses, 174 trainee doctors, 61 qualified doctors) were randomly allocated to one of six possible conditions. Main outcomes and results: Regardless of aetiology, if an individual is to blame for their injury, qualified healthcare professionals have more prejudicial attitudes than those entering the profession. There is a significant negative relationship between prejudice and helping behaviour for qualified healthcare professionals. Conclusions: Increased prejudicial attitudes of qualified staff are related to a decrease in intended helping behaviour, which has the potential to impact negatively on an individual's recovery post-injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite widespread availability of HAART, opportunistic illnesses (OIs) still occur and result in an increased risk of mortality among persons with AIDS. We estimated the incidence of OIs among all new adult AIDS cases in New York City in 2000 overall and in demographic and clinical subgroups and identified factors associated with occurrence of an AIDS-defining OI versus AIDS diagnosis based on low CD4+ values only. In 2000, 5,451 new AIDS cases were reported to the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. Of these 27.4% (95% CI: 22.8–32.6) had at least one OI, most frequent being Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (12.2%) and M. tuberculosis (5.3%); 47.1% (41.7–52.5) had a late HIV diagnosis (i.e.≤6 months before AIDS diagnosis). Persons with a late HIV diagnosis not in recent care had a 3.5-fold increased odds (1.29–9.63) of an OI, compared to non-late testers in care. Other predictors of an OI were injection drug use and older age. We conclude that OIs remain prevalent in the HAART era and late testers not in care are especially likely to develop an OI. Our results support comprehensive HIV programs promoting early HIV testing and linkage to care to prevent OI-related morbidity and mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peer mentoring programs have been shown to assist students with their college transition, and this study sought to understand the effects of peer mentorship participation of students in a STEM major. Using a semistructured interview method, six participants of a student-run, volunteer, peer mentorship program within the [Undergraduate STEM Program (USP)] provided participant feedback in one-on-one interviews. Using the constant comparison method, program outcome categories were identified based on participant responses. Participants were positive about the program and its benefits, including personal growth, development of a sense of responsibility for others, and learning from those who had gone through the program previously. However, issues with consistent engagement were identified that may be addressed through modifications to program structure and clarification of role expectations. Recommendations are included to address participant concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Past research has shown the benefit of cooperative learning in organizing instruction to promote students' engagement and achievement. However, it remains unclear whether students gain more from peers at relatively higher or similar levels of prior knowledge. Relatedly, it is important to distinguish collective performance from individual learning. Lastly, students' perceived value of cooperative learning, group dynamics, and self-concept could elucidate the importance of group composition. We conducted a mixed-methods experiment in five introductory statistics classrooms with 139 university students of relatively low (LPK) or high (HPK) prior statistics knowledge. Students were randomly assigned within-class to homogeneous (all LPKs) or heterogenous (at least one HPK) groups, with whom they completed exercises throughout the term. Without a more knowledgeable peer, LPKs in homogeneous groups nonetheless were able to clarify much of the conceptual confusion among themselves and eventually reach the same level of understanding as LPKs in heterogeneous groups. Group composition did not influence LPKs' individual learning on average. Within heterogeneous groups, LPKs had greater performance gains and similar individual learning when compared with HPKs. Regardless of prior knowledge or group composition, students found cooperative learning valuable, as it promoted opportunities for positive interactions, comparing work, and revealing misunderstandings for all. for this article are available online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is no secret that we are a divided society, a polarized nation that appears to take a binary approach to everything. This paper celebrates Dr. Delphine Hanna's pioneering spirit and challenges readers to reflect on the need for greater understanding and tolerance as we seek to return to a more civil and open-minded society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moral distress (MD), the suffering experienced by professionals due to their restricted moral agency, has become a popular subject of study in the fields of social work and health care. Many of the existing measures of MD are targeted at certain professionals, such as health care workers, and are thus restricted to such contexts. This has challenged the conceptual development and empirical examination of MD as a phenomenon occurring across diverse professional groups in different work settings. This study introduces a general measure of MD, the Moral Distress Instrument (MDI). It is not bound to specific professional contexts, and it aims to enable comparative and cross-disciplinary analyses of MD. The MDI consists of seven items that capture different forms of constrained moral agency and follow-up items measuring the level of distress related to these experiences. The reliability and validity of the MDI is investigated, and its distinctiveness from and associations with burnout are studied among a sample of Finnish social workers (n = 367). The MDI was shown to be a reliable and valid measure among the sample. The measures of MD and burnout were shown to tap separate constructs, although these experiences were strongly associated with each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Temporal and spatial patterns of fire regime disruption were reconstructed in conifer forests of western North America from information on pre-disruption and disrupted mean fire intervals (MFIs) of 498 dendrochronology-based fire chronologies. We identified the conifer forest types most affected by MFI shift and the influence of land category designation on MFI change. We also mapped the years of the MFI shift, the last fire recorded, and disrupted/pre-disruption MFI ratios. Fire cessation and longer MFIs predominated in most fire chronologies and conifer forest types. MFI was significantly higher in most conifer forest types, with most differences in dry conifer forests. MFI shift occurred mainly before the designation of protected, federal, social-property, and private areas. MFI shift began in 1829 in the United States of America Southwest, a region subjected to prolonged fire exclusion and with the highest disrupted/pre-disruption MFI ratios. Fire regime disruption moved gradually into the Pacific Northwest and the Sierra Nevada until reaching the northern conifer forests of Canada and Alaska. In contrast, one-third of fire chronologies in Mexican conifer forests retained pre-disruption MFIs. Our findings allowed us to identify areas with MFIs outside of their natural variability, with prolonged fire exclusion, or with intact fire regimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moral distress is a complex phenomenon experienced by healthcare professionals. This study examined the relationships between key dimensions of Organizational Culture in Healthcare (OCHC)—perceived psychological safety, ethical climate, patient safety—and healthcare professionals' perception of moral distress. Cross-sectional survey Pediatric and adult critical care medicine, and adult hospital medicine healthcare professionals in the United States. Physicians (n = 260), nurses (n = 256), and advanced practice providers (n = 110) participated in the study. Three dimensions of OCHC were measured using validated questionnaires: Olson's Hospital Ethical Climate Survey, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's Patient Safety Culture Survey, and Edmondson's Team Psychological Safety Survey. The perception of moral distress was measured using the Moral Distress Amidst a Pandemic Survey. The hypothesized relationships between various dimensions were tested with structural equation modeling (SEM). Adequate model fit was achieved in the SEM: a root-mean-square error of approximation =0.072 (90% CI 0.069 to 0.075), standardized root mean square residual = 0.056, and comparative fit index =0.926. Perceived psychological safety (β= −0.357, p <.001) and patient safety culture (β = −0.428, p<.001) were negatively related to moral distress experience. There was no significant association between ethical climate and moral distress (β = 0.106, p = 0.319). Ethical Climate, however, was highly correlated with Patient Safety Culture (factor correlation= 0.82). We used structural equation model to test a theoretical model of multi-dimensional organizational culture and healthcare climate (OCHC) and moral distress. Significant associations were found, supporting mitigating strategies to optimize psychological safety and patient safety culture to address moral distress among healthcare professionals. Future initiatives and studies should account for key dimensions of OCHC with multi-pronged targets to preserve the moral well-being of individuals, teams, and organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the past two decades, new insights have driven the development and optimization of aminated materials as aldol condensation catalysts. Amines, either primary or secondary, facilitate the reaction via an enamine mechanism. If the spatial placement with respect to the amine allows it, weak acid sites such as silanols or hydroxyls, can cooperate as hydrogen bond donors and aid in proton transfer steps. Furthermore, the reaction environment, i.e., support and solvent and their mutual interactions, is also a key determining factor. In particular, co-feeding small amounts of water suppresses the formation of inhibiting and site-blocking species. However, silica-based materials are susceptible to hydrolysis. This led to the development of water tolerant (bio)polymer supported amine catalysts which also exhibit selective component enrichment properties, opening up opportunities for further catalyst development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ostrich: The Journal of African Ornithology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

For the 31st Delphine Hanna Lecture, this paper draws parallels between Dr. Delphine Hanna's approach to establishing physical education's professional legitimacy in the late 1800s to the field's current quest for social and cultural relevance. Drawing on the concept of precarity, the paper outlines society's current challenges and argues that the physical education field remains disconnected from the lived experiences of young people. In the spirit of hope and purpose, the paper suggests physical education professionals can learn from the innovative and interdisciplinary path Dr. Hanna forged during her trailblazing career. As one potential example of what this approach may look like today, the author highlights the lesson learned from the Weight Inclusive Thinking (WIT) project – an interdisciplinary effort to promote body size diversity across physical activity settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of European Journal of Psychotraumatology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mean fire interval (MFI) is the average time between successive fires, influenced by environmental factors such as latitude, elevation, and vegetation type. This study evaluated the relationship between MFI and latitude in conifer forests of western North America. First, we obtained pre-fire-disruption MFI data from dendrochronology-based fire history studies in western Canada, the United States, and Mexico montane ranges. Then, we used generalized additive models (GAMs) to evaluate the relationship between MFI and latitude, considering elevation and conifer forest type as covariables. In addition, we mapped the spatial mean fire intervals (SMFIs) through inverse distance weighting (IDW). MFI increased significantly at higher latitudes, influenced by elevation and conifer forest type (R2 = 0.7). Furthermore, we found longer MFI in high elevations of the Madrean Archipelago, the Rocky Mountains, and the Alaska Range. Fire frequency also decreased in the boreal, Douglas-fir, and subalpine forests, with MFI longer than 20 yr. Moreover, the shortest SMFIs were found in the Mexican sierras and the Madrean Archipelago, with fire intervals between 4.1 and 5.6 yr. Our results showed a latitudinal gradient of MFI in conifer forests of western North America, which provides valuable information for fire management and the restoration of natural fire regimes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnesium has received significant attention as a potential hydro-reactive metal particle fuel due to its superior ignition and combustion characteristics. In this work, a laser ignition testing system was designed for visualised combustion monitoring of moving magnesium particles with different average diameters. Combustion images were recorded and the effect of particle diameter on the combustion phenomena and combustion time were analysed. The statistical results show that the average combustion times are 4.5 ± 2.5, 15.2 ± 7.9, and 31.7 ± 17.9 ms for the magnesium particle fractions of 100, 150, and 200 µm, respectively. Moreover, a quasi-stable state, heterogeneous, and diffusion limited mathematical model was developed to describe the combustion process. In the model, a flame surface exists and divides the gas phase field between the particle surface and infinity into an internal zone and an external zone. Effects of particle relative movement on the heat transfer and external zone components were also considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of European Journal of Psychotraumatology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of European Journal of Psychotraumatology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of European Journal of Psychotraumatology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of European Journal of Psychotraumatology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of European Journal of Psychotraumatology is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Harmful sexual behaviour that occurs between siblings (HSB-S) is thought to be one of the most common forms of intrafamilial abuse. Despite an increase in academic papers, and acknowledgement of the prevalence of the problem, there is still a lack of specific assessment and intervention models. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview on the Assessment, Intervention and Moving On (AIM) HSB-S Practice Guidance. The framework draws on the literature and evidence-based models, as well as clinical practice illustrated by the four-case series summarised. Of the four-case series illustrated in the paper positive outcomes were observed. In addition, the intervention includes the practitioner guiding the family to write a structured narrative which supports them to restore family relationships and find a way of moving forward. This guidance will strengthen practitioner's skills and confidence in working with families impacted by HSB-S and provide hope for them that they can heal from this crisis. This paper provides a preview for the AIM HSB-S Practice Guidance illustrated by a case series. The framework will provide practitioners with a clear approach to assessment and intervention when working with families impacted by HSB-S. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Congenital heart disease (CHD) patients are at risk for alterations in the cerebral white matter microstructure (WMM) throughout development. It is unclear whether the extent of WMM alterations changes with age, especially during adolescence when the WMM undergoes rapid maturation. We investigated differences in WMM between patients with CHD and healthy controls from childhood until early adulthood in a pooled sample of children, adolescents, and young adults. The association between WMM and EF was assessed. Patients with CHD (N=78) and controls (N=137) between 9 and 32 years of age underwent diffusion tensor imaging and an executive function test-battery. Mean fractional anisotropy (FA) was calculated for each white matter tract. Linear regression tested age and group effects (CHD vs control) and their interaction on FA. Relative Variable Importance (RI) estimated the independent contribution of tract FA, presence of CHD, CHD complexity, and parental education to the variability in EF. Mean FA was lower in patients compared to controls in almost all tracts (p between 0.057 and <0.001). WMM alterations in patients were not different depending on age (all interaction effects p>0.074). Predictors of EF were CHD group (RI=43%), parental education (RI=23%), CHD complexity (RI=10%), FA of the hippocampal cingulum (RI=6%) and FA of the corticospinal tract (RI=6%). The lack of group-FA-interactions indicates that the extent of altered FA remains similar across age. Altered FA is associated with EF impairments. CHD is a chronic disease with cerebral and neurocognitive impairments persisting into adulthood and, thus, long-term follow-up programs may improve overall outcome for this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some evidence in non-clinical groups suggests that the relationship context in which dissociation is experienced might moderate its association with shame. The current study used vignettes detailing either dissociative symptoms or the expression of sadness occurring in three different relationship contexts: with a friend, an acquaintance, or when alone. Ratings of emotional (e.g. shame, anxiety) and behavioral (e.g. leave, talk) reactions were made on single-item measures, and shame feelings were further assessed with the State Shame Scale. Participants were in treatment for either dissociative identity disorder (n = 31) or other specified dissociative disorder (n = 3; N = 34). Feelings of shame were elevated in the acquaintance condition compared to when with a close friend or alone regardless of whether dissociation or sadness was experienced. In the acquaintance context, participants exposed to dissociation or sadness reported feeling annoyed at themselves, having a greater desire to leave, and a lesser desire to talk compared to when these experiences happened with a close friend or alone. Results suggest those with a dissociative disorder appraise themselves as more vulnerable to shame if experiencing dissociation or sadness when with an acquaintance, potentially because the risk of not being understood and rejected is heightened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anomalous strange-face illusions (SFIs) are produced when mirror gazing under a low level of face illumination. In contrast to past studies in which an observer's task was to pay attention to the reflected face and to perceive potential facial changes, the present research used a mirror gazing task (MGT) that instructed participants to fixate their gaze on a 4-mm hole in a glass mirror. The participants' eye-blink rates were thus measured without priming any facial changes. Twenty-one healthy young individuals participated in the MGT and a control panel-fixation task (staring at a hole in a gray non-reflective panel). The Revised Strange-Face Questionnaire (SFQ-R) indexed derealization (deformations of facial features; FD), depersonalization (bodily face detachment; BD), and dissociative identity (new or unknown identities; DI) scales. Mirror-fixation increased FD, BD, and DI scores compared to panel-fixation. In mirror-fixation, FD scores revealed fading specific to facial features, distinct from "classical" Troxler- and Brewster-fading. In mirror-fixation, eye-blink rates correlated negatively with FD scores. Panel-fixation produced low BD scores, and, in a few participants, face pareidolias as detected on FD scores. Females were more prone to early derealization and males to compartmentalization of a dissociative identity. SFQ-R may be a valuable instrument for measuring face-specific dissociation (FD, BD, DI) produced by MGT. Use of MGT and panel-fixation task for differential diagnoses between schizophrenia and dissociative identity disorder is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Dolores River is fed primarily by snowmelt from the western San Juan Mountains in southwestern Colorado. It travels 241 miles across the Colorado Plateau to its confluence with the Colorado River, near Moab, Utah, a major nature-based tourism destination in the U.S west. Water usage and climate change projections in the Dolores River Watershed, as well as throughout the Colorado River Basin, complicate transboundary planning and management related to vital ecosystem services. As dynamic pressures alter this complex social-ecological system, disparities in resource allocation are magnified. In this study, we leverage reflections from recreation, conservation, and land management stakeholders (n = 18) to understand their perceptions of water allocation within the Dolores River Watershed. We frame this conversation using Rawls's (A theory of justice. Harvard University Press; JSTOR, 1971) theory of justice to explore perceived incompatibilities present within the existing watershed management and discuss recreational and environmental stakeholders' perceptions of the inequitable distribution of resources. A combination of deductive coding processes using Rawls's principles and inductive open coding processes help identify linkages between the Rawlsian framework and interviewees' experiences of the salient political ecologies of the watershed. We conclude by illustrating challenges with the current water regime within the Dolores River Watershed and potential improvements to the distribution of resources through policy and management consistent with Rawls's theory of justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypertension management outcomes in people with HIV (PWH) are not well characterized, despite high hypertension burden. We assessed hypertension prevalence, incidence, treatment, and outcomes among patients with HIV at a clinical center in the southeastern US, from 2014 to 2019. To identify characteristics associated with treatment and outcomes, we estimated adjusted risk ratios (aRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Among 2274 patients, 72% were cisgender men, 56% non-Hispanic Black, median age 47 years, 48% MSM, 12% had CD4 cell count <200 cells/μl, 72% HIV RNA level <400 copies/mL and 39% prevalent hypertension. Hypertension incidence rate was 6.3/100 person-years (95% CI, 5.6–7.0). Among incident hypertension cases (n = 275), 16% (95% CI, 11–20) initiated an antihypertensive within one year. Compared to non-Hispanic white patients, Hispanic (aRR, 6.68; 95% CI, 1.50–29.74) and non-Hispanic Black patients (aRR, 2.18; 95% CI, 0.91–5.24) were more likely to initiate an antihypertensive. Among patients initiating an antihypertensive (n = 178), 63% (95% CI 56–70) experienced blood pressure control within one year. Patients with HIV experienced a high burden of hypertension with notable delays in antihypertensive initiation, as well as gaps in achieving blood pressure control, highlighting opportunities for interventions designed to minimize delays in controlling hypertension in this vulnerable population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The social work field is a relative latecomer to the digital revolution. To advance the Social Work Grand Challenge "Harnessing Technology for Social Good," the social work field needs a transformative reorientation—towards seeing itself not only as critical adopters of technology but as necessary contributors in interdisciplinary tech partnerships. The purpose of this article is to describe the collective contributions the social work and tech fields can make through interdisciplinary collaboration. We will discuss the potential of technological innovations in social work settings. Then we will describe how social work's emphasis on structural inequity and social justice can develop equity-focused technologies. Strategies will be discussed to overcome barriers to partnerships in the interest of creating a more just society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to explore the feasibility, acceptability, and potential efficacy of Happy Homework (HH); an 8-week home-focussed intervention, with the purpose of encouraging children's positive dietary behaviours and engagement in positive physical activity (PA) and sleep behaviours. We randomised four Scottish schools (n = 71 participants; 5 classrooms) to either the HH intervention (n = 2) or usual curriculum control group (n = 2). HH consisted of movement and dietary-focused parent and child tasks. Primary outcome measures were intervention feasibility, acceptability, and potential efficacy. Secondary outcomes were objectively measured PA via ActiGraph GT3X+, sedentary behaviours (SBs) and sleep duration via activPAL4™ accelerometers and dietary behaviours, fruit and vegetable consumption and screen-time via questionnaires. After controlling for pre-test levels, post intervention stepping time and sleep duration were significantly greater for the HH group in comparison to the control group. The HH group reported eating more fruit and vegetables at post-test than the control group. Participants also reported the intervention to be enjoyable and motivating. These findings provide promising evidence that given a greater sample size, better retention and the prioritisation of health and wellbeing homework, HH could enhance children's health and wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We discuss layout and performance of a high-resolution Stimulated Raman Loss spectrometer that has been newly developed for accurate studies of spectral lineshapes and line centre frequencies of hydrogen isotopologues and in general of Raman active transitions. Thanks to the frequency comb calibration of the detuning between pump and Stokes lasers and to an active alignment of the two beams, the frequency accuracy is at a level of 50 kHz. Over the vertical axis the spectrometer benefits from shot-noise limited detection, signal enhancement via multipass cell, active flattening of the spectral baseline and measurement times of few seconds over spectral spans larger than 10 GHz. Under these conditions an efficient averaging of Raman spectra is possible over long measurement times with minimal distortion of spectral lineshapes. By changing the pump laser, transitions can be covered in a very broad frequency span, from 50 to 5000 cm−1, including both vibrational and rotational bands. The spectrometer has been developed for studies of fundamental and collisional physics of hydrogen isotopologues and has been recently applied to the metrology of the Q(1) 1–0 line of H2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinical trainees are especially prone to psychological distress. Mindfulness has shown to promote well-being among health care professionals, yet the mechanisms through which it reduces psychological distress are still uncertain. Self-determination theory suggests that mindfulness allows individuals to be more open and receptive to information from their inner and outer worlds, which facilitates satisfaction of their basic psychological needs (BPNS), considered essential to optimal functioning. However, studies investigating whether BPNS is an actual pathway through which mindfulness reduces psychological distress are limited to cross-sectional designs. This longitudinal study tested a mediation model using data collected among 27 clinical trainees at the beginning (T1) and mid-point of the academic year (T2). Results indicated that BPNS (T1) partially mediates the relationship between trait mindfulness (T1) and psychological distress (T2). Both the direct (β = −.36, 95%CI [−.67; −.05]) and indirect (β = −.27, 95%CI [−.58; −.05]) effects were significant. This model explained a large portion of variance for both needs satisfaction (R2 =.30) and psychological distress (R2 =.61). Our results not only yield support to the role of basic psychological needs in clinical trainees' well-being, but also contribute to the understanding of mindfulness and one of its mechanisms of action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Literature suggests that federal funding allocation for HIV-related research in the US may not align with HIV disease burden but is influenced by structural disparities. This study sought to examine how federal funding allocation is associated with HIV disease burden and research capacity of states by applying Big Data integration, text mining, and statistics. Using text mining, we identified 20,678 HIV-related federal projects from 2008 to 2018 in NIH ExPORTER, which were then integrated with data from AtlasPlus and US Census Bureau. We developed Gini coefficients to assess the inequality of funding and the Generalized Estimating Equations model to examine the associations between funding allocation and (1) state HIV disease burden, (2) state research capacity, and (3) geographic regions, respectively. The Gini coefficients (0.60 to 0.80) suggest a highly skewed funding distribution. Funding allocation was not associated with state HIV disease burden (p = 0.269) but HIV research capacity (p = 0.000). The South (with the heaviest HIV disease burden) did not receive significantly more federal funding. Our findings for the first time identified disparities of federal funding allocation, suggesting that federal agencies favor states of high research capacity over heavy disease burden, which may reinforce the HIV-related health disparities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most xanthan gum-based hydrogels are crosslinked by physical methods, but they typically have inadequate mechanical strength and low thermal, pH, and salt stability. To improve the physicochemical properties of XG-based hydrogels, this study applied periodate oxidation of XG to produce ring-opened products with dialdehyde groups for forming chemically crosslinked hydrogels. The research investigated the effects of oxidized xanthan gum (OXG) at different degrees on the properties of its hydrogels with N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan (NOCC), a water-soluble chitosan derivative. Results show that the rigidity and brittleness of NOCC/OXG hydrogels were enhanced with the increased oxidation of XG. Additionally, the swelling ratio of NOCC/OXG hydrogels was increased by 3.5 times and the degradation rate was reduced by 1.5 times. These hydrogels are promising biomaterials for drug delivery, cell therapy, or tissue regeneration applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Levels of adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) can affect the likelihood of viral suppression differentially among ART regimens. In this prospective cohort conducted in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, we included 354 individuals who initiated ART containing tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/lamivudine/efavirenz in fixed-dose combination (TDF/3TC/EFV) or tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/lamivudine associated with dolutegravir (TDF/3TC + DTG). Viral suppression (viral load <50 copies/mL) was evaluated within six months of follow-up at different adherence levels and by therapeutic regimen. Adherence was measured by the Proportion of Days Covered (PDC) and classified into low (≤84%), intermediate (85-89%) or high (≥90%). The association between viral suppression, adherence levels, and other explanatory variables was analyzed using chi-square and multivariable logistic regression. Viral suppression was achieved by 76.0% of individuals and was more frequent among those who achieved higher levels of adherence (high adherence: 79.3%, intermediate: 71.4% and low: 45.2%), those on TDF/3TC + DTG, and those who had viral load ≤100,000 copies/mL at the onset of treatment (p < 0.05). Moreover, individuals on TDF/3TC + DTG had an approximately 90% probability of achieving viral suppression at intermediate adherence levels. These results add new insights on the possibility of lower adherence levels for contemporary antiretroviral regimens currently used as first-line therapy worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Water Resources Journal / Revue Canadienne des Ressources Hydriques is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The incorporation of a high volume of lightweight aggregates generally results in a reduction of mechanical properties. To overcome this intrinsic problem, this study used a high volume of cenosphere particles (10–20 wt.% of cement) along with silica fume and quartz powder in a very dense microstructure. The reactivity of the cenospheres in the composites was investigated by X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis. Furthermore, microcomputed tomography was used to visualize the cenosphere particles in the designed cementitious composite for ensuring uniform distribution. The experiments showed that compressive strengths of 64–74 MPa and 87–90 MPa at 28 days of curing were achieved under ambient (20 °C) and high (90 °C) temperature, respectively. Furthermore, it exhibited significantly low density and thermal conductivity compared to other cementitious composites with cenospheres. Finally, the role of the cenospheres in the designed cementitious matrix was limited to inert filler, and no direct evidence of a chemical reaction was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relational connectedness is an important factor for identifying requirements of and building long-term customer–organization relationships. This research investigates how the relational connectedness construct connects with relationship marketing theory. The empirical study provides greater insight into relationship marketing by comparing two models that capture the relevance of relationship marketing and its influence on trust, connections, commitment, and future intentions in the community-based nonprofit and public sectors. Findings support relational connectedness as an important construct for understanding the relationship marketing processes. This study presents theoretical support for the use of additional constructs in nonprofit and public sector marketing theory. Relationship marketing activities can lead to extended relationships. This research posits and evaluates a new structural model that shows that relational connectedness is appropriate for understanding the processes of relationship marketing in the nonprofit and public sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to describe the challenges that faculty faced in the transition to distance education in higher education during the COVID-19 pandemic in spring 2020. The study presents the results from a nationwide questionnaire, answered by 1,963 individuals, concerning the transition among university faculty in Sweden. The results highlight the main obstacles and describe the practices in teaching, supervision, and examination. Educators faced challenges regarding technology, pedagogy, and working conditions. According to them, distance education was lacking in several ways, including best practices for distance education and online teaching and IT support and employer support. Simultaneously, the crisis resulted in a huge leap forward in distance education. Three months after onset, about half of the respondents had tried some new pedagogical ideas and were more positive towards distance education than they were in the past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent research has established that stockpeople can simultaneously improve dairy cow welfare and output and it would therefore be useful, in applied settings, if it was possible to predict this influence. To meet this aim 42 attitude questions relating to dairy cows were designed and distributed to 201 students on agricultural courses throughout the UK. Factor analysis revealed four attitude factors. As a result of this development process, a questionnaire was constructed containing the attitude scales, a 'big-five' personality scale and relevant production questions and posted to Northern Ireland dairy farmers. Of the 800 pedigree dairy farmers registered with the Department of Agriculture, 275 returned valid questionnaires. The most exciting findings related to the relationship between attitudes and milk yields. Three of the attitude scales are correlated with milk yield; better attitudes are related to better milk yields. The three attitude scales are 'empathy', 'enjoying working with cows' and 'negative beliefs about cows'. Path analysis was then employed to create a model including all the relevant psychological, production (for example, amount of feed or pedigree) and milk yield variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sexually assaulted women represent a particularly high-risk group for developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Potentially traumatic events (PTEs) and peritraumatic dissociation (PD) are known risk factors for PTSD. However, little is known about how previous trauma affects PD and how this relationship affects PTSD. We aimed to investigate whether PD acts as a mediator between PTEs and PTSD severity in a sample of recently sexually assaulted women in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Seventy-four sexually assaulted women aged 18–44 completed questionnaires and structured interviews on PTSD, PD, and PTEs. We examined direct and indirect effects of variables using causal mediation analysis. Lifetime exposure to PTEs was a risk factor for PD, but PD was not a risk factor for PTSD symptom severity. Also, PD was not a mediator between PTEs and PTSD severity. We provided recommendations on how to further explore the relationship between lifetime traumatic exposure, PTSD, and peritraumatic dissociation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People with psychosis experience higher rates of childhood victimisation compared to the general population, which may impact on mental health and recovery. This study aimed to identify childhood victimisation profiles in a clinical sample to inform recommendations for routine care. Participants were 146 adults (ages 19–65 years; M = 42.2) with schizophrenia-spectrum diagnoses reporting trauma. Childhood trauma was assessed using two retrospective measures, and a latent class analysis (LCA) was performed on four trauma types (sexual abuse, emotional abuse, physical abuse and neglect). Multinomial logistic regression investigated demographic differences between the classes. Four distinct childhood trauma classes were identified: Emotional abuse/neglect (n = 29); physical abuse (n = 14); sexual abuse (n = 19); and poly-victimisation (n = 84). There were no differences between the classes in terms of age, ethnicity, relationship status, education or current employment (relative risk (RR) = 0.85–1.27, p > 0.05). Participants in the poly-victimisation class were significantly more likely to be female (RR = 0.22–0.28, p < 0.04). Adults with psychosis, particularly females, are likely to report poly-victimisation in childhood. This highlights the need to comprehensively but concisely assess experiences of abuse and neglect in clinical care, in line with trauma-informed approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heavy demands upon dementia caregivers can lead to a number of poor health outcomes including declines in physical, mental, and brain health. Although dementia affects people from all backgrounds, research in the US has largely focused on European American caregivers. This has made providing culturally-competent care more difficult. This study begins to address this issue by empirically examining how culturally-shaped beliefs can influence loneliness in family caregivers of people with dementia. We conducted a preliminary questionnaire study with Chinese American and European American family caregivers of people with dementia (N = 72). Chinese American caregivers were more concerned than European American caregivers about losing face, which in turn, was associated with greater loneliness. This pattern remained when accounting for caregiver gender, age, and relationship to the person with dementia. These preliminary findings highlight the role that cultural beliefs can play in adverse caregiver outcomes, and suggest that addressing concerns about losing face may be an important way for healthcare providers to help reduce loneliness among Chinese American caregivers. Understanding how cultural beliefs influence caregiver outcomes is critical as healthcare professionals work to provide culturally-competent care and design culturally-sensitive interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cognitive stimulation therapy (CST) is an evidence-based group intervention for people with dementia. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, many existing CST groups moved virtually and this required carers of people living with dementia to assist with setting up the appropriate technology. This study aimed to explore the roles and experiences of carers in accessing virtual CST (vCST). This qualitative study used semi-structured individual interviews, via telephone or videoconference, to explore the roles and experiences of carers. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed. Twelve family carers (age: 51–75 years) reported a range of experiences, from novice to expert knowledge in terms of accessing digital devices (mainly laptops and iPads) and connecting to Zoom. Accessing vCST provided carers an immediate application of new knowledge. Carers reported positive responses to vCST that provided their family member living with dementia with social contact and cognitive stimulation during lockdown. Accessing vCST required carers to have an existing adequate level of technological competence in order to learn and use the Zoom platform. Adult learning principles can be used to improve carers' digital literacy required for vCST and other telehealth initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is an increased belief in the benefits of information and communication technologies (ICT) in healthcare, but the perceived benefits of ICT in family caregiver support need to be explored. This qualitative interview study aimed to describe how family caregivers and healthcare staff in COPD care experience ICT. The results showed that both family caregivers and staff had limited interest in ICT and stated that it might be better for a new generation but not for themselves. Both groups preferred face-to-face meetings instead of contact via ICT. Meeting the needs of an ageing population will require that health services adopt new technologies. Still, the importance of eye contact must not be underestimated, particularly when encountering fragile patients and their spouses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports on the evaluation of the In2 music project in Darlington, England. The project ran for seven weeks from January – March 2020 and involved Year 6 pupils from four primary schools (n = 103) and Year 7 pupils from one secondary school (n = 90), working with Back Chat Brass, a professional brass ensemble. The aim of the In2 music project was to enable pupils to work with professional musicians to enjoy the benefits of group-based music, which include happiness and optimism. These emotions are strongly associated with social capital, which this study defines as the benefits that individuals and communities derive from positive interpersonal relationships. This evaluation asks if the In2 music project resulted in non-quantifiable changes that are associated with positive outcomes for pupil wellbeing and social capital. We explore our findings in relation to a policy climate of cuts to arts education, as shown by the stories in a special issue of Arts Education Policy Review. We argue that while political disregard threatens the development of social capital in economically deprived communities, funded interventions such as In2 can benefit some of the most vulnerable members of such communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the past two years, faculty pivoted their face-to-face courses to an online platform in haste due to the pandemic, while others were fine-tuning their online offerings having already made the transition. Although each one was integrating curriculum either for the short term or in continuation for the foreseeable future, one teaching principle, Service-Learning (S-L), seems to have never been widely adapted to the online platform. According to the article, E-Service-Learning: The Evolution of Service-Learning to Engage a Growing Online Student Population, many institutions share concern that Service-Learning (S-L) is too challenging to adapt online; however, the authors acknowledge that since it produces greater benefits for all involved including students, faculty and community partners by increasing engagement and connecting to real-world applications, it should be incorporated. This paper will explore why Service-Learning (S-L) should be adapted to the online platform to expand student's civic involvement as well as to better comprehend course content. It will also share examples of in-person service learning with suggested methods to transition particular projects to the online format. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]