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Food supply chains hold significant embodied carbon emissions that need to be mitigated and neutralized. This study aimed to explore the historical Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions associated with household food consumption at a local scale i.e. across the eight English regions and the four nations that comprise the United Kingdom (UK). UK EatWell guidelines were used to explore the potential change in emissions and food costs in a scenario of transitions to healthier diets across the study areas. These emissions were calculated based on food consumption data before the advent of the Covid-pandemic i.e. between the years 2001 and 2018. Spatial data analysis was used to explore if the study areas had any significant correlations with respect to the emissions during the study period. The results displayed a potential reduction in GHG emissions for all study areas in the explored scenario. Further impacts include a reduction in household food costs across a majority of the areas during the study period. However, a consistent trend of significant correlations among the study areas was absent. This study concludes that local or regional policymaking should take precedence over national regulations to achieve healthier diets that are both carbon-neutral and affordable for the households. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies have revealed that an antioxidant diet is a protective factor against migraine. However, the association between zinc, an important antioxidant obtained from the diet, and migraine has received little attention. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between zinc intake with migraine. The present study used cross-sectional data from individuals who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 1999 and 2004. Logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline models were performed to explore the association between zinc intake and migraine. A total of 9849 adults aged 20 years or older were included in this study. Zinc intake was negatively associated with migraine. Compared to participants in the lowest group of dietary zinc intake Q1 (≤5.93 mg/day), the adjusted ORs for migraine in Q2 (5.94–8.38 mg/day), Q3 (8.39–11.26 mg/day), Q4 (11.27–15.75 mg/day), and Q5 (≥15.76 mg/day) were 0.73 (95% CI: 0.60–0.89, p = 0.004), 0.72 (95% CI: 0.55–0.95, p = 0.02), 0.76 (95% CI: 0.58–0.99, p = 0.04) and 0.73 (95% CI: 0.50–1.05, p = 0.08), respectively. Our findings also suggested an interaction between zinc intake and age (P for interaction = 0.007). Additionally, the relationship between zinc intake and migraine in adults with 20–50 years was non-linear. A higher zinc intake is significantly associated with a decreased prevalence of migraine, and age can modify the association between them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A cross-sectional analysis explored nutritional intakes and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms among esophagogastric cancer survivors up to 12, 13–36, and 37+ months post-surgery. Participants were identified from the Upper GI Cancer Registry at St James' Hospital, Ireland. The Short Nutritional Assessment Questionnaire, European Prospective Investigation of Cancer Food Frequency Questionnaire, World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research (WCRF/AICR) Score, and Gastrointestinal Symptoms Rating Scale assessed malnutrition risk, nutritional intake, adherence to (secondary) cancer prevention recommendations, and GI symptoms, respectively. Most (82.5%, n33) participants (n40) were male. Mean age was 65.5 ± 9.3 years. Time post-surgery ranged from 6-62 months. Half (50.0%, n20) had a BMI in the healthy range. A quarter (27.5%, n11) were at risk of malnutrition. Intakes of meat and meat products exceeded recommendations and intakes of fruits, vegetables, and fiber were below recommendations, with no significant between-group differences. The mean WCRF/AICR score was 3.6 ± 1.1, indicating adherence to 3.6 of 7 cancer prevention recommendations. It was not significantly different between subgroups. Minor to mild GI discomfort was reported, with no significant between-group differences in symptoms. As rates of long-term survivorship continue to increase, survivors must be supported to sustain behaviors that enhance quality of life and reduce secondary cancer risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Observational studies suggests that diets and medications affect bladder cancer (BC) development, which are subject to confounding and difficult to make causal inference. Here we aimed to investigate whether those observational associations are causal and determining the potential directions and pathways. We used 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to assess associations of dietary intakes, medication uses and molecules with BC risk. Genetic summary data were derived from participants of predominantly European ancestry with rigorous instruments selection, where univariable MR, mediation MR and multivariable MR were performed. The results of univariable MR showed 4 dietary intakes and 4 medication uses having a protective effect on BC, while 4 circulating metabolites, 440 circulating proteins and 2 gut microbes were observed to be causally associated with BC risk. Through mediation MR, we found 572 analytes showing consistent mediating effects between dietary intakes or medication uses and BC risk. Furthermore, 9 out of 16 diet-medication pairs showed significant interactions and alterations on BC when consumed jointly. In summary, the findings obtained from the current study have important implications for informing prevention strategies that point to potential lifestyle interventions or medication prescriptions to reduce the risk of developing BC. The current study extends observational literature in showing the importance of diets and medications on bladder cancer prevention. The associations of diets and medications on bladder cancer prevention might be through circulating metabolites, circulating proteins and gut microbiota Our results provide a new understanding of interactions in certain diet-medication pairs which should be taken into account by both physicians and patients during the development of a treatment strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients who undergo autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (autoHSCT) often experience reduced oral intake and wasting. We examined their daily nutritional intake, assessed alterations in body composition and muscle strength, and explored associations between decreased nutritional intake and treatment outcomes. This retrospective study included 64 patients. Their food record charts and parenteral nutrition (PN) prescriptions from medical records were used to assess nutritional intake. Body composition and handgrip strength data were obtained from dietitian records. Patients consumed >75% of their nutritional requirements through an oral diet in 6.7 days, 50–75% in 4.8 days, 25–50% in 5.0 days, and <25% in 3.1 days. The average oral intake was 62% of the requirement and was partially supplemented with PN. Patients experienced a mean decrease in body weight of 2.9 ± 3.0 kg, with 2.3 ± 3.4 kg of lean mass, and a mean reduction in handgrip strength of 3.5 ± 3.6 kg. We found a positive correlation of caloric deficits with weight loss and handgrip strength reduction and negative correlation with time to neutrophil engraftment and duration of hospitalization. This study highlighted a notable reduction in oral nutritional intake following autoHSCT. While caloric deficits might affect outcomes, further investigation is warranted to explore this observation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A personal norms intervention strategy is an effective way to reduce food waste behavior. However, the mechanism controlling how personal norms affect food waste behavior needs to be further investigated. In addition, previous studies have reported that weight control is part of this mechanism, but few studies have focused on how internal (personal norms) and external beauty (weight control) act simultaneously on individuals. This study constructed an analytical framework with personal norms as the independent variable, emotions as the mediating variable, and weight control as the moderating variable from a cognitive perspective. A stratified regression approach was used to analyze 835 validated questionnaires on food waste at the consumption level (outside the home) that were collected from across China. The results showed that (1) Chinese consumer personal norms about eating at restaurants and outside the home exacerbated food waste behavior; (2) consumer emotions mediated the effect of personal norms on food waste behavior; and (3) weight control moderated both paths associated with the mediating effect of emotions, and its cubic term had a more significant moderating effect. Policy recommendations are proposed based on the conclusions of this study that will effectively reduce food waste behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Diet quality often changes as shift workers adjust to atypical work schedules, however, limited research exists examining the early effects of starting rotating shift work on diet and body composition. This study explored dietary behavior changes occurring in graduate paramedics during the first year of exposure to rotating shift work, and investigated dietary intake, diet quality and anthropometric changes over two years. Methods: Participants from a graduate paramedic cohort in Melbourne, Australia were approached after two years of shift work for study inclusion. Using a mixed method study approach, the qualitative component comprised individual in-depth interviews to explore perceived dietary behavior changes experienced over the first year of shift work. Interview transcripts were thematically analyzed and guided by the COM-B model (capability, opportunity, motivation, and behavior) and theoretical domains framework (TDF). Diet quality and dietary intake were quantitatively assessed by the Australian Eating SurveyTM at baseline, one year, and two years, along with body weight, waist circumference, and body mass index (BMI) to monitor changes. Results: Eighteen participants were included in the study. From the interviews, participants reported: 1. food choices are driven by wanting to fit in with coworker food habits, 2. food choices and mealtimes are unpredictable and 3. paramedics try to make healthy food choices but give in to less healthy options. While daily energy intake and diet quality scores did not differ in the first two years of shift work, daily energy from takeaway foods significantly increased (mean difference (MD): 2.96% EI; 95% CI: 0.44 − 5.48; p = 0.017) and increases in weight (MD: 2.96 kg; 95% CI: 0.89-5.04; p = 0.003), BMI (MD: 1.07 kg/m2; 95% CI: 0.26 – 1.87; p = 0.006) and waist circumference (MD: 5.07 cm; 95% CI: 1.25-8.89; p = 0.006) were also evident at two years. Conclusions: This study contributes new information on dietary changes and the current early trajectory of unintentional weight gain and takeaway reliance occurring within a graduate paramedic cohort over two years of shift work. To reduce the unintended metabolic consequences commonly observed with rotating shift schedules, workplaces could improve access to healthier food options and enable behavioral support/education to address nutrition-related health risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the whole world is facing hunger due to the increase in the global population and the rising level of food consumption. Unfortunately, the impact of environmental, climate, and political issues on agriculture has resulted in limited global food resources. Thus, it is important to develop new food sources that are environmentally friendly and not subject to climate or space limitations. Microalgae represent a potential source of nutrients and bioactive components for a wide range of high-value products. Advances in cultivation and genetic engineering techniques provide prospective approaches to widen their application for food. However, there are currently problems in the microalgae food industry in terms of assessing nutritional value, selecting processes for microalgae culture, obtaining suitable commercial strains of microalgae, etc. Additionally, the limitations of real data of market opportunities for microalgae make it difficult to assess their actual potential and to develop a better industrial chain. This review addresses the current status of the microalgae food industry, the process of commercializing microalgae food and breeding methods. Current research progress in addressing the limitations of microalgae industrialization and future prospects for developing microalgae food products are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nutrition-gut cross-talk holds a vital position in sustaining intestinal function, and micronutrient metabolism has emerged as the foremost metabolic pathway to preserve gut homeostasis. Among micronutrients, B vitamins have evolved prior to DNA/RNA and are known for their vital roles for major evolutionary transitions in extant organisms. Despite their universal requirement and critical role, not all the three domains of life are endowed with a natural ability for de novo B vitamins synthesis. The human gut microbiome constitutes prototrophs and auxotroph which are entirely dependent on dietary intake and gut microbial production of B vitamins. The syntrophic metabolism involving cross-feeding of B vitamins and community-wide exchange between commensal bacteria elicit important changes in the diversity and composition of the human gut microbiome. Hereto, we discuss the B-vitamins sharing among prototrophic and auxotrophic gut bacteria, their absorption in small intestine and transport in distal gut, functional role in relation to the gut homeostasis and symptoms linked to their deficiency. We also briefly explore their potential involvement as psychobiotics in brain energetic metabolism (kynurenines/tryptophan pathway) for neurological functions and highlight their deficiency related malfunctioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As excessive sugar intake can result in obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and even cancer, this study aims to help people reduce sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) intake by exploring how gender-differed body image concerns influence people’s attitude and intention of SSBs consumption. A 2 (Participants’ gender: Male vs. Female) × 2 (Image gender: Male vs. Female) × 2 (Body image concern: Gaining weight vs. Losing muscle mass) online experiment was conducted to examine how the genderdiffered body image concerns influence people’s perception of SSBs. The findings showed that genderdiffered body image concerns exerted a significant influence across genders. Muscle mass loss-related information is more effective in generating negative attitude toward SSBs from males. Female imagerelated physical appearance change is more effective in generating negative attitude toward SSBs from females. This study also contributes to targeted communication by revealing that the quality-oriented targeted information outperformed the traditional quantity-oriented targeted information. Furthermore, this study complements EPPM by discovering the underlying mechanisms of female-targeted body image concern, such as perceived severity and response efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we focus on poor households vs. non-poor households, using objective and subjective definitions of poverty. We evaluate the various responses of these households to changes in food expenditures, income, and prices, and simulate the welfare losses of food price changes across poverty definitions. We use the QUAIDS model to estimate food elasticities and rely on the National Survey of Expenditure and Household Income, from Uruguay 2016/2017, because it contains novel information on the subjective poverty status of each household. Our results show important differences across poverty definitions. In addition, we find that price increases may lead to larger welfare losses in poor households. On average, the percentage of income needed to avoid a loss in the economic welfare of poor households, defined by the objective method, is twice that required by the non-poor households, for all price changes. Differences are much smaller when using the subjective approach. Our main contribution is the first evidence of consumption behaviour and welfare analysis under different poverty measures. Our findings highlight the need for policies that mitigate the negative effects of price shocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sexual abuse or assault (SA) history is associated with eating disorder severity and psychiatric comorbidity, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Beyond persistent alterations in mood and cognitions characterizing PTSD, PTSD due to SA may contribute to greater increases in negative affect and body image concerns following food intake in bulimic syndromes (BN-S). To test this, participants (n = 172) with BN-S who reported PTSD due to SA, PTSD due to other forms of trauma, or neither completed clinical interviews and momentary reports of negative affect and shape/weight preoccupation before and after food intake. Participants with PTSD, regardless of trauma source, reported higher purging frequency whereas PTSD due to SA was associated with more frequent loss of control eating. For one task, changes in negative affect following food intake differed across the three groups. Negative affect decreased significantly in participants with PTSD without SA whereas nonsignificant increases were observed in those with PTSD with SA. Results of the present study suggest that source of trauma in PTSD may impact likelihood that eating regulates affect and provide insight into ways current treatments may be adapted to better target purging in BN-S comorbid with PTSD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the structural relationships between vegan restaurant attributes, perceived benefits, consumption value, and future intention using an attribute–benefit–value–intention (ABVI) linkage, as an extension of the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) model. Data were sourced from 330 respondents who were members of two vegan associations in Hong Kong and had experienced vegan food at vegan restaurants. The study finds connections between food quality, healthy food, restaurant quality, and space for veganism as antecedents of social, health, epistemic, and emotional benefits by contributing to environmental protection. The results of this study have academic and practical implications for understanding vegans' psychological and behavioral mechanisms using an ABVI linkage. This study is an initial empirical attempt to understand vegan food consumption experiences through the ABVI relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to describe the dietary intake of ultra-processed foods (UPF) by children and adolescents with food allergy (FA) and to verify a possible association between the UPF intake with clinical characteristics and nutritional status in this group. This cross-sectional study included 110 children and adolescents with single or multiple FA IgE and non-IgE mediated. We evaluated food intake using the NOVA classification through the three 24-h recalls. The average contribution of UPF to total energy intake (calories) ranges from 21% in the first quartile to 43% in the last quartile (mean UPF intake 33.9 ± 14.9%). After binary logistic regression, an association was verified between dietary intake of UPF (>4th quartile) as a percentage of total energy intake and having multiple food allergies (OR 4.102; 95% CI − 1.331 to 12.643; p =.014). We concluded that children and adolescents with FA consumed a higher amount of UPF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pandemics and food consumption have long been racialised against non-Western peoples. Yellow Peril tropes of Chinese as disease vectors and consumers of 'weird' wildlife, such as bats, were conjoined again with COVID-19. US politicians and media have especially deployed these themes to blame Chinese for the pandemic, alongside tropes of Chinese as cruel, deceitful incompetents, thus serving a wider mobilisation against China that fuels a new Cold War and anti-Asian attacks. Wildlife consumption as a spur to COVID's Wuhan outbreak is, however, an unverified supposition. Many societies consume wildlife, but it was uncommon in China and mostly shunned by the time of COVID-19's onset. Meanwhile, significant US wildlife consumption continues. Yellow Peril racialisation of the pandemic and demonisation of China also continue, both despite and because of Western politicians' COVID-19 failings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes is a disease that has been experiencing a continuous increase in terms of pervasiveness. Controlling diet and exercise is critical for controlling blood sugar and reducing long-term complications. This quasi-experimental study aimed to assess the effects of a dietary and exercise promotion program to control the blood sugar of diabetic patients. Thirty patients were stratified by gender and randomly selected from three consecutive days at the diabetes clinic with ten patients per day. They were required to participate in the study program for eight weeks. The program was developed based on a self-regulation model to control chronic diseases. Similarity among patients regarding gender, age, years of having diabetes, and blood sugar level was considered before the study group was recruited. A self-administered questionnaire and blood sugar test were used to collect pretest and posttest data. The data were analyzed by percentage, mean, standard deviation, independent t-test, and Paired sample t-test. The findings concluded the effectiveness of the program since the blood sugar levels of the experimental group decreased significantly from a high level (162.3 mg/dl) to a nearly controllable level (128.9 mg/dl) (p <.01). This was due to the experimental group having more appropriate dietary and exercise behaviors, having better knowledge and perceived self-efficacy to perform the behaviors than before the experiment, and being better than the control group (p <.01). The self-regulation theory application model developed in this study was recommended for modification of health behaviors related to setting desired goal behaviors and glycemic control of type-2 diabetes patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to evaluate the safety of tebuconazole as a fungicide in bananas, after a simple and rapid pre-treatment, the residues of tebuconazole in different parts of banana were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) within 35 days. The mean recoveries and relative standard deviations in banana samples were 87.17 ~ 96.68% and 2.85 ~ 8.49%, respectively. The half-lives of tebuconazole in whole banana, banana pulp, and banana peel were 7.31 ~ 8.68 days, 11.12 ~ 13.39 days, and 4.06 ~ 5.74 days, respectively. It can be seen that tebuconazole dissipated fastest in the peel and slowest in the pulp. And the contents of tebuconazole in banana pulp and banana peel were 3 ~ 35% and 65 ~ 97%, respectively, which can be seen that tebuconazole was mainly distributed in the peel, and only a small part was transmitted to the pulp. Results also showed that the residual amounts of tebuconazole in banana pulp were increased at the first three days and then gradually dissipated, and were below the maximum residue limit (MRL) in China. The results of dietary intake risk assessment showed that the HQ (hazard quotient) were 0.45 ~ 2.69%, which were within the acceptable range. Overall, our research results show that tebuconazole in the field control of banana freckle disease has high security and low risk with the application dose of 133 g/L and diluted 1000 times in water, and can provide an important reference for the rational use of tebuconazole as a systemic fungicide in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A growing body of literature suggests that access to electricity has a positive impact on household's living standards and social welfare. This paper sheds new light on this discussion. Using expenditure dependent equivalence scales, this paper examines the impact of electricity access on food consumption economies of scale (FCES) and thereby the poverty measurements of households with and without access to electricity in Sri Lanka during 1990-2016. Results indicate that a low-income household of four adults with access to electricity spends about 20% less on food compared to a similar household without access to electricity. The results also reveal that although the incorporation of FCES into poverty measurements reduces the overall poverty levels considerably, the reduction in poverty levels is about 1.2% higher for households with electricity at the national level. These observations are consistent across the national and sub-national levels, however, with varying magnitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamic and complex peculiarities of the oral environment present several challenges for controlling the aroma release during food consumption. They also pose higher requirements for designing food with better sensory quality. This requires a comprehensive understanding of the basic rules of aroma transmission and aroma perception during food oral processing and its behind mechanism. This review summarized the latest developments in aroma release from food to retronasal cavity, aroma release and delivery influencing factors, aroma perception mechanisms. The individual variance is the most important factor affecting aroma release and perception. Therefore, the intelligent chewing simulator is the key to establish a standard analytical method. The key odorants perceived from the retronasal cavity should be given more attention during food oral processing. Identification of the olfactory receptor activated by specific odorants and its binding mechanisms are still the bottleneck. Electrophysiology and image technology are the new noninvasive technologies in elucidating the brain signals among multisensory, which can fill the gap between aroma perception and other senses. Moreover, it is necessary to develop a new approach to integrate the relationship among aroma binding parameters, aroma concentration, aroma attributes and cross-modal reactions to make the aroma prediction model more accurate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite enormous research efforts, a sufficiently sensitive and reliable biomarker for the assessment of zinc (Zn) status has not been identified to date. Zn affects fatty acid metabolism and alters the activity of certain desaturases; thus, desaturase activity has been proposed as a potential new biomarker of Zn status. This systematic review complied and assessed studies that examined changes in fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1) and fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) activities in relation to modifications in dietary Zn intake. A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, and Central with strictly defined search, inclusion, and exclusion criteria. Twenty-one studies were included, 8 animal and 13 human trials (5 randomized controlled trials, two non-randomized controlled trials, and 6 cross-sectional studies). This systematic review was performed using PRISMA guidelines and where feasible a random-effects meta-analysis was conducted. No significant correlation was seen between the delta 6 desaturase and Zn status (-0.0958, 95% CIs (-0.2912; 0.1074), p = 0.2928). Delta 6 desaturase seems to respond in a greater magnitude than Zn status to Zn-containing interventions (the standardized mean difference for delta 6 desaturase was −0.6052, 95% CIs (-2.7162; 1.5058), p = 0.4289, while for plasma/serum Zn it was 0.0319, 95% CIs (-0.9133; 0.9770), p = 0.9213). Finally, two separate meta-analyses on same studies that assessed the correlations between LA:DGLA and Zn intake and Zn status and Zn intake revealed that the magnitude of correlations was only slightly different (the pooled correlation coefficient between the LA:DGLA ratio and Zn intake had a value of −0.1050, 95% CIs (-0.5356; 0.3690), p = 0.454, while between plasma Zn and Zn intake had a value of −0.0647, 95% CIs (-0.4224; 0.3106), p = 0.5453). According to the descriptive analysis, the magnitude of variation in desaturase activities in response to Zn intake was not consistent among studies, FADS1 and FADS2 activity corresponded to dietary Zn manipulations, both in animals and humans. A plausible explanation for this observation might be the difference between the studies in study populations, types of dietary interventions, study durations, etc. In addition, several potential confounders and covariates are identified from the qualitative synthesis, such as gender, age, the type of fat provided within the dietary intervention, the size of Zn particles, among others. Further high-quality studies are needed to additionally clarify the suggested associations and applicability of utilizing fatty acid desaturase activities as Zn status biomarkers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exogenous ketone supplements have been suggested to have potential cardiovascular benefits, but their overall effect on blood pressure is unclear. Our objective was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of exogenous ketone supplements on blood pressure (BP) and concomitant changes in resting heart rate (HR). Five databases were searched on January 27th, 2023, for randomized and non-randomized studies. A random-effects model meta-analysis was performed including all studies jointly and separately for acute and chronic ingestion of ketone supplements. Out of 4012 studies identified in the search, 4 acute and 6 chronic studies with n = 187 participants were included. Pooled results (n = 10) showed no change in systolic (SMD [95% CI]= −0.14 [−0.40; 0.11]; I2= 30%; p = 0.17) or diastolic BP (−0.12 [−0.30; 0.05]; I2= 0%; p = 0.69), with a potential tendency observed toward increased resting heart rate (0.17 [-0.14; 0.47]; I2= 40%; p = 0.10). Similar results for systolic and diastolic BP were observed when assessing separately the effect of acute and chronic ingestion of ketone supplements (p ≥ 0.33). Supplement dosage was found to modulate the increase in resting heart rate (0.019 ± 0.006; p = 0.013; R2=100%), suggesting that higher supplement doses lead to a higher resting heart rate. Based on currently available data, acute or prolonged ingestion of ketone supplements does not seem to modulate BP. However, a tendency for HR to increase after acute ingestion was observed, particularly with higher doses. Higher quality studies with appropriate standardized measurements are needed to confirm these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eccentric muscle contractions can cause structural damage to muscle cells resulting in temporarily decreased muscle force production and soreness. Prior work indicates pasture-raised dairy products from grass-fed cows have greater anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties compared to grain-fed counterparts. However, limited research has evaluated the utility of whey protein from pasture-raised, grass-fed cows to enhance recovery compared to whey protein from non-grass-fed cows. Therefore, using a randomized, placebo-controlled design, we compared the effect of whey protein from pasture-raised, grass-fed cows (PRWP) to conventional whey protein (CWP) supplementation on indirect markers of muscle damage in response to eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) in resistance-trained individuals. Thirty-nine subjects (PRWP, n = 14; CWP, n = 12) completed an eccentric squat protocol to induce EIMD with measurements performed at 24, 48, and 72 h of recovery. Dependent variables included: delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), urinary titin, maximal isometric voluntary contraction (MIVC), potentiated quadriceps twitch force, countermovement jump (CMJ), and barbell back squat velocity (BBSV). Between-condition comparisons did not reveal any significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in markers of EIMD via DOMS, urinary titin, MIVC, potentiated quadriceps twitch force, CMJ, or BBSV. In conclusion, neither PRWP nor CWP attenuate indirect markers of muscle damage and soreness following eccentric exercise in resistance-trained individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spirulina supplementation has been reported to increase hemoglobin concentration as well as a variety of cardiorespiratory and lactate-based performance parameters during maximal and submaximal states of exercise. This study investigates the efficacy of supplementing a 6 g/day dosage of spirulina for 14-days in recreationally active individuals, analyzing cardiorespiratory parameters during maximal and submaximal cycling as well as the potential mechanistic role of hemoglobin augmentation. 17 recreationally active individuals (Male = 14, Female = 3, Age 23 ± 5 years, V̇O2max 43.3 ± 8.6 ml/min·kg) ingested 6 g/day of spirulina or placebo for 14-days in a double-blinded randomized crossover study, with a 14-day washout period between trials. Participants completed a 20-min submaximal cycle at 40% maximal power output (WRmax), followed by a V̇O2max test. Hemoglobin (g/L), WRmax (watts), time to fatigue (seconds), heart rate (bpm), oxygen uptake (ml/min·kg), RER and blood lactate response (mmol/L) were measured and compared between conditions. Cardiorespiratory variables were recorded at 5-min intervals and lactate was measured at 10-min intervals during the submaximal exercise. There was a significant 3.4% increase in hemoglobin concentration after spirulina supplementation in comparison to placebo (150.4 ± 9.5 g/L Vs 145.6 ± 9.4 g/L, p = 0.047). No significant differences existed between either condition in both testing protocols for V̇O2max, WRmax, time to fatigue, heart rate, oxygen uptake, RER and blood lactate response (p > 0.05). 14-days of spirulina supplementation significantly improved hemoglobin concentration but did not lead to any considerable ergogenic improvements during maximal or submaximal exercise at a 6 g/day dosage in recreationally active individuals whilst cycling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review examines the totality of evidence from randomized controlled trials to answer critical questions about the satiety perception of whole-grain oats, oat bran, and isolated beta-glucan. Twenty-two randomized controlled studies were selected following stringent criteria to minimize confounding. Whole-grain oats and oat bran more effectively promoted the perception of satiety than other grain foods that were lower in fiber, higher in refined grains, or lower in viscosity. When oat products were compared with other oat products, those higher in fiber and viscosity generally resulted in increased perception of satiety. Data for isolated beta-glucan were very limited, and no clear conclusions could be drawn. Of the different indices of satiety perception (i.e. hunger, fullness, satiety, desire to eat, prospective food intake), increased fullness was found to be the most positive satiety measurement for whole-grain oat and oat bran products. However, the intake of oat products was not found to consistently reduce short-term energy intake, particularly when limited to a second-meal effect. This may be attributed to the fact that the energy intake for the entire day was typically not measured, as the impact of soluble fiber on energy intake may be delayed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to examine how consumers' consumption behaviors change in response to food supply chain disruptions and food security crisis during COVID-19. A new conceptual framework of consumer food stress and food consumption paradigms for crises is proposed based on the pillars of food security. This study also investigates the mediating effects of food prices and food stress on the proposed framework between pillars of food security and consumption behavior. A range of quantitative techniques was adopted for collecting the data during the COVID-19, with the sample of Bangladeshi consumers (n = 1150) generating a precise measurement. The study applied PLS-SEM (partial least squares-structural equation modeling) to predict food consumption behavior model and expose relevant relationships between all the constructs. Findings reveal that food access, food quality and safety, and food pricing directly impact consumer food stress and consumption behavior. Also, consumers' consumption behavior is ultimately influenced by food stress. However, food availability has no significant influence on food stress. This research is one of the few empirical studies exploring a range of food security variables that helps explain why consumers are so anxious about food during COVID-19. This study discussed theoretical and practical implications that help food producers, suppliers, marketers, and policymakers maintain a stable food supply chain management and manage food crises during national emergencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fast food restaurants are important for both residents and tourists in Macau because they serve as a common cultural and organizational entity. The objective of this study is to identify the attributes, consequences, and value of fast food consumption among tourists and residents in Macau and to compare hierarchical value maps between the two different groups. Data were collected in fast food restaurants in Macau. A hard laddering method was utilized based on Means-end chain theory, in order to identify how attributes of fast food are connected to consumers' final values. The findings indicate that good taste, brand reputation, and restaurant ambience are important attributes shared among tourists and residents. While brand familiarity and the lack of a language barrier were more important attributes to tourists, reasonable prices were the most important attribute that residents appreciated. This study provides useful insights that will enable fast food operators to develop and efficiently communicate their value propositions to their target customers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dietary fiber and phytonutrients can protect against colorectal cancer, yet their consumption is low in the US. Avocados are a potential source of these beneficial nutrients. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the relationship between avocados/guacamole consumption and colorectal cancer risk in the Multiethnic Cohort Study. We assessed avocados/guacamole consumption by using a food frequency questionnaire. We classified participants into three consumer groups: <1 serving/month, 1–3 servings/month, and ≥1 serving/week with one serving defined as ½ avocado or ½ cup. Colorectal cancer cases were ascertained through the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program cancer registries. Cox proportional hazards models of colorectal cancer were used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals across avocados/guacamole intake groups in each sex overall and by anatomic subsite (i.e., right colon, left colon, and rectum) and race and ethnicity. Of 192,651 eligible participants, 62.8% reported consuming <1 serving/month avocados/guacamole, 26.7% reported 1–3 servings/month, and 10.5% reported ≥1 serving/week. When adjusted for relevant covariates, there was no significant association with incident colorectal cancer overall, for subsites, or within racial and ethnic subgroups (all p for trend ≥ 0.06). In this large prospective cohort study, we did not find that consumption of avocados/guacamole was associated with colorectal cancer risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to evaluate differences in dietary factors between young-onset (diagnosed at ages <50) and older-onset colorectal cancer (CRC). CRC patients diagnosed from 1998 to 2018 reported to the Puget Sound Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry were recruited using mail and telephone. Consented patients completed questionnaires assessing demographics, medical history, and CRC risk factors, including dietary factors. We used multi-variable logistic regression to calculate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) comparing dietary intake in young-onset vs. older-onset CRC. Analyses included 1,087 young- and 2,554 older-onset CRC patients. Compared to older-onset CRC, young-onset CRC patients had lower intake of vegetables (OR for highest intake vs. lowest = 0.59 CI: 0.55, 0.64) and fruit (OR for highest intake vs. lowest = 0.94 CI: 0.88, 0.99) and higher intake of processed meat (OR for highest intake vs. lowest = 1.82 CI: 1.11, 2.99) and spicy food (OR for highest intake vs. lowest = 1.69 CI: 1.09, 2.61). There was no statistically significant difference between young- and older-onset CRC patients for red meat consumption. Dietary patterns differed between young- and older-onset CRC; young-onset CRC patients had lower intake of vegetables and fruit and higher intakes of processed meat and spicy food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low dietary fiber consumption is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer, a leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the United States. The average daily fiber intake has declined over recent decades. Notably, Black Americans exhibit lower fiber consumption than other racial/ethnic groups, possibly influencing their elevated colorectal cancer rates. We hypothesize that there has been a significant increase in dietary fiber consumption in the United States from 1999 to 2017. The study encompassed 59,204 adult NHANES participants and observed variations in caloric intake over survey years. Although there was a slight overall increase in dietary fiber intake compared to 1999, the most substantial increment occurred among individuals classified as Hispanic (AD: +2.86 g, P < 0.001), followed by non-Hispanic Black (AD: +1.64 g, P < 0.001), and finally non-Hispanic White showed a decrease in fiber intake (AD: −0.86 g, P < 0.001). The findings suggest a modest rise in fiber consumption from 1999 to 2017, but disparities persist, particularly with non-Hispanic Black individuals consuming the least fiber. This emphasizes the need for interventions to promote fiber intake and address racial/ethnic inequalities in dietary habits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We provide new evidence on the effects of temperature on farm income, non-farm income, and real food expenditure. We first apply a Heckman model to a large household dataset (10,200 observations) from Ghana in order to fit farm and non-farm income and then subsequently estimate a 3-stage least squares model. Consistent with our expectations, we find that income determines real food consumption. The elasticity of consumption of farm income (0.44) and non-farm income (0.33) are both positive and less than one. The difference in elasticities is statistically insignificant. We find an inverse relationship between the two types of income. Compared to non-farm income, we find that temperature has a larger negative effect on farm income. Warming also impacts negatively on real food consumption. For a typical adult, a 1°C increase in temperature results in a 4% decline in real food consumption. The decline in food consumption can be attributed to the negative effect of temperature on land and labour productivity. In the absence of microlevel adaptation, our results show that general welfare levels in Ghana will likely decline with warming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An emerging line of research has been exploring how changes in social norms can lay the ground for shifts toward sustainability. This pre-registered study investigated the influence of communicating static and dynamic norms (2 Static x 2 Dynamic, between-subjects design) on respondents' beliefs, intentions, information-seeking behavior, and policy support regarding plant-based food. Here, static norms referred to a minority of consumers who believed that plant-based food has a crucial role in sustainability transitions. Dynamic norms referred to how the number of people endorsing this belief had been increasing. The findings (N = 492) revealed that communicating the dynamic aspect of the minority belief increased participants' endorsement of that same belief. Moreover, exposure to dynamic norms (alone or with static norms) had a small positive effect on policy support. These findings add to the growing body of knowledge on dynamic-norm communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food consumption of healthier products has become an essential trend in the food sector. This is also the case in beer, a biochemical process of transformation performed by yeast cells. More and more studies proclaim the need to reduce ethanol content in alcoholic drinks, certainly the most important health issue of beer consumption. In this review we gather key health issues related to beer consumption and the last advances regarding the use of yeast to attenuate those health problems. Furthermore, we have included the latest findings about the general positive impact of yeast in health as a consequence of its ability to biotransform polyphenolic compounds present in the wort, producing healthy compounds as hydroxytyrosol or melatonin, and its ability to perform as a probiotic driver. Besides, a group of population with chronic diseases as diabetes or celiac disease could take advantage of low carbohydrate or gluten-free beers, respectively. The role of yeast in beer production has been traditionally associated to its fermentative power. But here we have found a change in this dogma in the last years toward yeasts being a main driver to enhance healthy aspects of beer. The key findings are discussed and possible future directions are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consumers are confronted with conflicting information regarding the safety of specific foods. For example, the Environmental Working Group (EWG) publishes an annual consumer guide in which they rank the pesticide contamination of 46 popular fruits and vegetables, which includes designating the 12 with the greatest pesticide contamination as the "Dirty Dozen," to help consumers reduce exposures to toxic pesticides. However, consumer guides like EWG's only incorporate some hazard assessment principles and do not reflect a dietary risk assessment. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to apply risk assessment techniques to EWG's Dirty Dozen list using a uniform screening-level approach to estimate pesticide exposures for U.S. consumers and to characterize the associated chronic human health risks. The most commonly detected pesticide and its representative residue concentrations were identified for each produce type on the 2022 Dirty Dozen list using the USDA Pesticide Data Program database. Estimates of mean dietary consumption in the U.S. were used to calculate dietary exposure to each pesticide-produce combination for adults and children. Pesticide-specific U.S. EPA dietary health-based guidance values (HBGVs) were then used as benchmarks to evaluate the chronic human health risk of consuming each produce type. Overall, the estimated daily exposure for each pesticide-produce combination was below the corresponding HBGV for all exposure scenarios. The current analysis demonstrates that excessive produce-specific pesticide exposure is unexpected as the amount of produce that would need to be consumed on a chronic basis, even among children, far exceeds typical dietary intake. Future research is necessary to assess acute dietary exposure scenarios and to consider cumulative risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the application of intergenerational theory as its analytical framework, this paper seeks to provide new insights into the social construction of sugar-sweetened food and food practices in the context of contemporary urban China, drawing on 16 months' in-depth qualitative research in the city of Chongqing. From an intergenerational perspective, it argues that although adults and children both typically construct sugar-sweetened food as "bad" for health based on the logic of its biological meaning, there are more generational differences in the understandings of sociocultural meanings associated with these foods, which are the main reasons may lead to intergenerational conflict. Caregivers tend to regard their control of children's sugar-sweetened food intake as a means to discipline their children's bodies and develop food moralities. However, children themselves are likely to perform sugar-sweetened food practices as a way of socializing and sometimes resisting the control of caregivers. Based on this, this paper further shows that these diverse views are rooted in the tension between caregivers' anxiety about the transmission of food moralities through intensive parenting practices and children's agency in food consumption in contemporary urban China. These findings enhance intergenerational-theoretical research and highlight the need to move beyond the analytical framework of "behaviour change" in related food and health studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Depression is common among the elderly, resulting in poor quality of life and elevated healthcare expenditure. Among other factors, dietary habits could also affect this condition, although the specific food patterns involved remain to be established. The present study aimed to assess the role of plant-versus animal-dominant foods consumption on the affective state of nonagenarians from a Sardinian population, Italy, well known for its longevity (Blue Zone). Methods: Data, including demographic, education, anthropometric parameters, monthly income, and comorbidity were recorded and analyzed. Symptomatic depression was assessed using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) during a comprehensive home geriatric assessment; nutritional status was evaluated by a validated food frequency questionnaire. Results: A total of 200 elderly subjects living in the Sardinian Blue Zone (mean age 93.9 ± 3.9 years) participated in the study; symptomatic depression was present in 51% of the whole cohort and was more common among women. Multivariable logistic regression showed a significantly greater risk of depression in people consuming plantbased foods (OR = 1.42, 95% CI 1.04-1.93), whereas moderate animal-derived foods consumption was associated with a better affective state (OR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.62-0.98). Conclusions: These findings indicate that a more balanced diet, including animal-derived foods, instead of an exclusive plant-dominant diet, may be more appropriate in the elderly, and abstention from animal-based food intake should not be recommended in advanced age to prevent depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To assess eating behaviors and identify whether there is an association between eating behaviors and the perceived nutrition environment among college students. Participants: College students (n = 180) actively living on campus during the 2019–2020 academic school year. Methods: Cross- sectional study utilizing the validated NEMS-P survey tool to collect all data. A multivariate logistics regression was used to assess the association between eating behaviors and the perceived nutrition environment. Results: Statistically significant association noted between perceived higher cost of healthy eating and decreased consumption of fruit (p =.027), availability of nutrition information (healthy eating signs) and increased vegetable and fruit consumption (p =.018, p = 0.010) and increased ease of purchasing fruits and vegetables and increased consumption (p = 0.037). Conclusion: The campus nutrition environment can provide students the opportunity to learn about and practice healthy eating through available foods and beverages, nutrition education and signs that encourage healthy eating throughout the campus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimal nutritional support in childhood cancer relies on the adequate provision of energy. This study investigated the impact of chemotherapy on resting energy expenditure (REE) during the first six months of treatment and the accuracy of predictive equations in calculating said requirements of newly diagnosed children with cancer. REE was measured at diagnosis utilising a validated bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) mobile unit and compared with three predictive equations (Schofield 1985, World Health Organization [WHO] 1985 and the Recommended Dietary Allowance [RDA] 1989). Agreement and accuracy of these equations were tested by determining bias and agreement rates and displayed using the Bland–Altman plot. Baseline values were plotted against monthly follow-up measurements over time. Statistical significance was 5% and a priori limits of agreement set between 90% and 110% of measured REE. Forty-three newly diagnosed children with median age 4 years (IQR 2.0–7.6) were measured prior to chemotherapy initiation. Compared with measured REE (mean ± SD) 719.53 ± 206.29 kcal/day, all predictive equations significantly overestimated REE: WHO 1985 (889.75 ± 323.31 kcal/day; 23% overestimation), Schofield 1985 (899.62 ± 336.10 kcal/day; 25% overestimation) and RDA (1647.67 ± 481.06 kcal/day; 129% overestimation) (p < 0.001). Despite significant proportionate bias in all three equations (p < 0.001), the intra-class consistency coefficient showed good reliability for the Schofield 1985 (0.864) and WHO 1985 (0.849) equations. Though statistically significant (chi-square = 23.11, p < 0.003), the overall 1 kcal/kg (1.3%) increase for all cancer types at six months may not be clinically significant. Existing predictive equations are unable to calculate REE accurately at childhood cancer diagnosis, highlighting the need for future investigations into the development of cancer-specific equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies suggest an increased prevalence of diet-related chronic diseases among African immigrants with increased length of stay in the U.S. The objective of the current study is to understand the dietary practices and perceptions of recent African immigrant families. Focus group sessions were conducted with Nigerian and Congolese immigrant parents residing in Illinois. Participants were recruited using convenience sampling methods and focus group sessions were conducted via videoconference. Participants discussed dietary practices, meal preparation, and family mealtimes for their families. They also discussed experiences with eating different kinds of foods since arrival in the U.S. Verbatim transcription of focus group sessions were completed and deductive thematic analysis of transcribed data was conducted using NVivo (QSR International Pty Ltd. [2020] NVivo [version 12]). Twenty African immigrant parents (Mean age: 42 years, Female: 95%) residing in Northern and Central Illinois participated in a total of five focus group sessions. Seven themes were derived from the analysis. Participants had a positive attitude toward healthy diet and had a high level of interest in receiving educational resources to make healthier food choices. Participants preferred and mostly consumed foods they were familiar with before migration. A majority of the participants perceived 'American foods' as unhealthy, characterizing them as containing a high amount of sugar and salt. Parents reported that their school-aged children often preferred a western diet over traditional African meals. This study helps to understand unique diet-related practices and perceptions of recent Nigerian and Congolese African immigrants in Illinois. Findings could help to inform cultural adaptation of evidence-based nutrition education programs for these groups of African immigrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dopaminergic, serotoninergic, and GABAergic systems influence feeding; however, it is unknown how these chemicals interact with neuromedin U (NMU)-induced feeding in birds. In the current study, ten trials were conducted to determine the links between the above-mentioned systems and NMU. In the foremost experimentation, chickens were given intracerebroventricularly injections of NMU (0.1, 1, and 10 µg). NMU (10 µg), SCH23390 (5 nmol), a D1 receptor antagonist, and NMU + SCH23390 were administered in the second experiment. In subsequent experiments, instead of SCH23390, were applied AMI-193 (5 nmol D2 receptor antagonist), NGB2904 (6.4 nmol D3 receptor antagonist), L-741,742 (6 nmol D4 receptor antagonist), 6-OHDA (2.5 nmol dopamine inhibitor), SB242084 (5-HT2c receptor antagonist, 1.5 μg), 8-OH-DPAT (5-HT1A receptor agonist, 15.25 nmol), picrotoxin (GABAA receptor antagonist, 0.5 μg), and CGP54626 (GABAB receptor antagonist, 20 ng). Then, cumulative intake of food was recorded for 2 h. According to the results, NMU reduced feeding when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The NMU-induced hypophagia was reduced with co-injection of NMU and SCH23390 (p < 0.05). Hypophagia was diminished with NMU and AMI-193 (p < 0.05). NMU + NGB2904 and NMU + L-741,742 co-injections had no influence (p > 0.05). 6-OHDA reduced the hypophagia (p < 0.05). NMU and SB242084 decreased the hypophagia (p < 0.05), whereas NMU and 8-OH-DPAT had no effect (p > 0.05). The effects were amplified with picrotoxin (p < 0.05). NMU with CGP54626 had no influence on the hypophagia (p > 0.05). Thus, NMU-induced hypophagia is probably mediated by D1/D2, 5-HT2c, and GABAA receptors in neonatal chicks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several epidemiological studies have suggested that flavonoid intake is associated with a decreased risk of cardiometabolic disease. However, the results remained inconsistent and there is no dose-response meta-analysis for specific outcomes. We conducted a meta-analysis to synthesize the knowledge about their associations and to explore their dose-response relationships. We comprehensively searched the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases for prospective cohort studies published up to December 1, 2021. Summary relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were pooled for the association between flavonoid intake and cardiometabolic disease. Evaluations of linear or nonlinear dose-response were presented by restricted cubic splines. We identified 47 articles, including 1,346 676 participants and 127,507 cases in this meta-analysis. The summary of RR per 500 mg/d increase in flavonoid intake was 0.93 (95% CI 0.88–0.98) for cardiovascular disease, 0.89 (95% CI 0.84–0.94) for diabetes, and 0.97 (95% CI 0.94–0.99) for hypertension, respectively. We also found a linearity dose-response association between total flavonoid intake and cardiovascular disease (p nonlinearity = 0.541), and diabetes (p nonlinearity = 0.077). Our finding based on quantitative data suggested that a higher level of flavonoid intake is beneficial for the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inorganic nitrate provided by either nitrate salts or food supplements may improve cardiometabolic health. However, current methods to assess dietary nitrate, nitrite and nitrosamine consumption are inadequate. The purpose of this study was to develop a reference database to estimate the levels of nitrate, nitrite and nitrosamines in the global food supply. A systematic literature search was undertaken; of the 5,747 articles screened, 448 met the inclusion criteria. The final database included data for 1,980 food and beverages from 65 different countries. There were 5,105 unique records for nitrate, 2,707 for nitrite, and 954 for nitrosamine. For ease of use, data were sorted into 12 categories; regarding nitrate and nitrite concentrations in food and beverages, 'vegetables and herbs' were most reported in the literature (n = 3,268 and n = 1,200, respectively). For nitrosamines, 'protein foods of animal origin' were most reported (n = 398 records). This database will allow researchers and practitioners to confidently estimate dietary intake of nitrate, nitrite and nitrosamines. When paired with health data, our database can be used to investigate associations between nitrate intake and health outcomes, and/or exercise performance and could support the development of key dietary nitrate intake guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The complexities that attend global mobilities have shown us how migrants recreate home by drawing from their countries of emigration and immigration. In so many ways, any homemaking practices are embedded in home's mobile and sedentarist aspects. Amongst overseas Filipino workers (OFW), this means the performance of Filipino traditions like fiestas, and consumption of Filipino food whilst at the same time learning the language of their destination countries and partaking of their cultural and social practices. Filipino seafarers, however, present us with an interesting case: they perform homemaking practices within the constrained and limiting spaces of the ship where they both work and live. Filipino seafarers have a transportable home ready for unpacking and reconstruction on every ship that they board, drawing less on what the ship offers, but more on what reminds them of home back in the Philippines. Drawn from data gathered from more than a decade of engaging with seafarers on board ships and ashore, this article focuses on the homemaking practices of Filipino seafarers viewed as a means to meaning-making, where ships conceived as non-places could be turned into home, and seafarer wellbeing is specifically defined as self-preservation on board and continuing authority back home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concentration of PTEs in the muscle of crabs, was meta-analyzed using a random-effects model based on countries' subgroups. The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks related to the ingestion of PTEs via the consumption of crab fish were estimated. The meta-analysis included one hundred and eight papers with 109 data reports. The rank order of PTEs based on pooled (mean) concentration in the muscle of crabs was Ni (4.490 mg/kg-ww) > Pb (1.891 mg/kg-ww) >As (1.601 mg/kg-ww) > Cd (1.101 mg/kg-ww). The results showed that adults and children consumers in many countries are at risk of non-carcinogenicity due to ingestion of Ni, Pb, As, and Cd and carcinogenicity risk due to As. Therefore, the bioaccumulation of PTEs in the muscle of crabs can be considered a global health risk. Hence, to decrease the health risk of PTEs in the muscle of crabs, continuous monitoring and reducing the emission of PTEs in aquatic environments are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drying is a complicated phenomenon involving a combination of transport, deformation, and chemical kinetics. It is an energy intensive lengthy process and results in deterioration of food quality. The glass transition temperature (GTT) significantly affects the internal mass transfer mechanism and hence significantly affects the drying kinetics. Moreover, the rheological and transport characteristics of food materials are remarkably impacted by GTT, which has an influence on the energy consumption and quality of food products during drying. Similarly, molecular weight and drying conditions also affect the GTT. This comprehensive review uncovers the fundamental understanding of GTT and demonstrates its crucial relationship with physio-structural and transport properties of food items. It has been demonstrated that a clear understanding of the glass transition temperature may help in determining appropriate drying conditions while ensuring great food quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study chronicles a 14-year partnership between a Malian rural village and US academics to curb childhood malnutrition. Villagers described agricultural/nutritional traditions while expressing a desire for improved quality of life for the future. Through holistic observation and listening, student/faculty partners developed a trusting relationship, and documented the community's fundamental knowledge-base. Collaborators studied children's dietary intake to predict micronutrient deficiencies. Villagers ultimately chose to participate in the national lunch program and to additionally supplement children's diets with eggs. The Expansive Collaborative Model described in this article, exemplifies a cross-cultural approach which could effectively mitigate malnutrition in remote African villages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fish consumption in developing countries like Bangladesh is increasing with increasing aquaculture production; however, consumers are becoming more aware and concerned about food quality issues. This study investigates consumer preferences and willingness to pay for farmed fish quality attributes in Bangladesh using logit and hedonic price models, respectively. A total of 800 consumers were interviewed about four farmed fish species: pangasius, tilapia, rui and catla using a semi-structured questionnaire. The results showed that catla belongs to the higher price segment, whereas pangasius and tilapia belong to the lower price segment. The results also indicate that price, availability, affordability, safety, nutritional characteristics and socioeconomic characteristics like consumer age, years of schooling, number of kids and household members are significant determinants of consumer preferences. The results furthermore confirmed that consumers pay a price premium for larger fish, its firm and elastic texture, transparent eyes and taste, whereas purchasing a higher quantity, whole fish, fish with odor or swollen abdomen and comparatively more bones reduce the price of farmed fish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to ascertain the effects of health education combined with nutrition support nursing on the nutritional status and quality of life of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. A clinical study was conducted. Sixty-four patients with tuberculosis were selected as the study participants and divided into control and observation groups (n = 32). Both groups received antituberculosis drugs. The control group received standard nursing care, while the observation group received health education in conjunction with nutrition support nursing. After 3 months of intervention, the total effective treatment rate and adherence were compared. Before and after the intervention, the albumin (ALB), prealbumin (PA), transferrin (TF), and hemoglobin (Hb) level, body mass index (BMI), and Short Form-36 (SF-36) scores were compared. The occurrence of adverse reactions during intervention was recorded. Following the intervention, the observation group exhibited a higher treatment total effective rate and increased levels of ALB, PA, TF, Hb, and BMI compared with the control group (p < 0.05). The observation group demonstrated a higher total adherence rate and a lower incidence of adverse reactions compared with the control group (p < 0.05); the SF-36 score of the observation group was higher than that of the control group (p < 0.05). The integration of health education and nutrition support nursing can effectively enhance the therapeutic outcomes of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. This approach not only improves their nutritional status, treatment adherence, and quality of life, but also reduces the incidence of adverse reactions. The findings of this study lay a solid foundation for further exploration of the combined effects of health education and nutrition support nursing on pulmonary tuberculosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to elucidate the causal genetic relationships between iron, copper, zinc, magnesium, and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted using the "TwoSampleMR" and "MendelianRandomization" packages in R. The random-effects inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary approach. We performed sensitivity analyses to test the reliability of the results. The random-effects IVW analysis revealed that there was no genetic causal relationship between iron (P = 0.429, odds ratio [OR] 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.919 [0.746–1.133]), copper (P = 0.313, OR 95% CI = 0.973 [0.921–1.027]), zinc (P = 0.633, OR 95% CI = 0.978 [0.891–1.073]), or magnesium (P = 0.218, OR 95% CI = 0.792 [0.546–1.148]) and RA. Sensitivity analysis verified the reliability of the results. Therefore, there is no evidence to support a causal relationship between iron, copper, zinc, and magnesium intake at the genetic level and the development of RA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The amalgamation of garlic's antibacterial potency with olive oil's nutritional benefits provides a natural, effective way to boost health and counters microbial threats. This study explored the antioxidant and antibacterial traits of garlic-enriched virgin olive oil (VOO) samples, focusing on various garlic forms (fresh, oven-dried, freeze-dried). Comparative analysis revealed fresh garlic's highest total phenolic content, flavonoid content, and strongest DPPH scavenging activity. GC/MS analysis unveiled distinct volatile profiles. Fresh garlic oil contained elevated allyl-methy-sulfide, diallyl-trisulfide, methyl-propyl-disulfide levels. Antibacterial evaluation displayed substantial inhibition zones, especially fresh garlic oil against E. coli, and oven-dried/freeze-dried garlic oils against P. aeruginosa. Lower Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values for fresh garlic oil and freeze-dried garlic oil against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria signify potent antibacterial activity of garlic-enriched VOO. These findings underscore garlic-enriched VOO's potential as natural antibacterial agents, fortified with antioxidant traits, while emphasizing drying methods' role in shaping volatile compounds [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural products possess pleiotropic cardiovascular protective effects owing to their anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation and anti-thrombotic properties. Kaempferol, (3,5,7-trihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one), is a kind of naturally occurring flavonoid existing in many common fruits and vegetables (e.g., onions, broccoli, strawberries and grapes) and particularly in traditional Chinese medicine as exemplified by Ginkgo biloba. Epidemiological, preclinical and clinical studies have revealed an inverse association between the consumption of kaempferol-containing foods and medicines and the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Numerous translational studies in experimental animal models and cultured cells have demonstrated a wide range of pharmacological activities of kaempferol. In this article, we reviewed the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cardio-protective activities of kaempferol and elucidated the potential molecular basis of the therapeutic capacity of kaempferol by focusing on its anti-atherosclerotic effects. Overall, the review presents the health benefits of kaempferol-containing plants and medicines and reflects on the potential of kaempferol as a possible drug candidate to prevent and treat atherosclerosis, the underlying pathology of most cardiovascular diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]