Search

New diorganotin(IV) complexes (R2SnL, where R is Me, Et, Bu, and Ph) of Schiff base ligands N'-(2-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-methoxybenzohydrazide (H2L1), N'-(5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-methoxybenzohydrazide (H2L2), N'-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylidene)-3-methoxybenzohydrazide (H2L3), and N'-(4-(diethylamino)-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-3-methoxybenzohydrazidefrom (H2L4) derived from 3-methoxybenzohydrazide with salicylaldehyde and its derivatives were synthesized. The ligands and their metal complexes were structurally characterized by spectroscopic techniques (FT-IR, 1H, 13C, and 119Sn NMR), elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, melting point, and molar conductance studies. The spectral data showed that ligands are coordinated to the tin atom in a tridentate manner with N and O donor sites of the azomethine-N, enolic-O, and aromatic hydroxyl-O to form a penta-coordinated geometry around central tin atom. The molar conductance data revealed that all compounds are non-electrolytes. In vitro antimicrobial activities of compounds were determined against various pathogens with reference to standard antibiotics which showed that compounds (12) (Ph2SnL2) and (16) (Ph2SnL3) are the most potent antimicrobial agents. Furthermore, the compounds were evaluated for antioxidant activity by using DPPH assay. The results obtained emphasized that the phenyl derivatives of complexes have enhanced antimicrobial and antioxidant activities as compared to other complexes. To check the drug-likeness, in silico studies of the synthesized compounds were carried out which described that all the compounds except (12) (Ph2SnL2), (19) (Bu2SnL4), and (20) (Ph2SnL4) can be used as orally active drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this research work is to create a new class of diorganotin(IV) complexes with general formula R2SnL1-4, where R = CH3, C2H5, C4H9 & C6H5, and L1-4 are the Schiff base ligands derived from the condensation of indole-3-acetic acid hydrazide with salicylaldehyde derivatives in 1:1 molar ratio. Various spectral (FTIR, NMR and mass spectrometry) and physico-chemical (XRD, TGA) techniques were utilized to identify the structure of the prepared compounds. Spectroscopic evidence suggests that Schiff base ligands coordinate to the central tin atom in a tridentate manner with ONO as the donor site, thus forming a pentacoordinate environment around the metal ion. The serial dilution method was employed for carrying out the antimicrobial activity of the produced compounds against four bacterial strains and two fungal strains. The observed results of biocidal activity showed that compounds Ph2SnL3 (16) and Ph2SnL4 (20) were found to be most potent against the tested strains. Further, molecular docking studies for active compounds i.e., 16 and 20 were carried out in the active site of Escherichia coli 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase 2 (FabF). To check the drug-likeness, in silico studies of the synthesized compounds was carried out and it has been found that compounds can be used as orally active drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have synthesized new diorganotin(IV) complexes of the type R2SnL (where R; methyl, ethyl, butyl and phenyl) of Schiff base ligands N'-(5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzylidene)thiophene-2-carbohydrazide (H2L1), N'-(4-(diethylamino)-2-hydroxybenzylidene)thiophene-2-carbohydrazide (H2L2), N'-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)thiophene-2-carbohydrazide (H2L3) and N'-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxy-3-nitrobenzylidene)thiophene-2-carbohydrazide (H2L4). Spectroscopic methods (FT-IR, UV–vis, 1H, 13C and 119Sn NMR), elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, melting point and molar conductance measurements were used to elucidate the structures of compounds (1-20). The spectroscopic data indicated that the Schiff bases are tridentate (NOO) in nature and coordinated to the tin metal through enolic oxygen, azomethine nitrogen and aromatic hydroxyl oxygen donor atoms to display pentacoordinated geometry around the central tin metal. To examine the biological profile, the synthesized compounds were tested for in vitro antimicrobial activity against different bacterial and fungal strains by using serial dilution method which revealed that compounds Bu2SnL3 (15) and Ph2SnL3 (16) were most active antimicrobial agent. The compounds were further tested for antioxidant activity by using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assay. Complex Ph2SnL3 (16) exhibited highest antioxidant potential with lowest IC50 value (2.95 μM) among all the tested compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of diorganotin(IV) complexes of type R2SnL, (where R = Me, Et, Bu and Ph) were prepared by the reaction of tridentate (NOO) donor Schiff base ligands with diorganotin(IV) dichloride in an equimolar ratio. The products were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques and physical and analytical methods (UV–vis, FTIR, NMR, fluorescence, elemental analysis). Spectroscopic data suggest that the Schiff base acts as a tridentate ligand (NOO) coordinated with a central tin atom via two oxygen and one imine nitrogen atom in a pentacoordinated fashion. The synthesized compounds were assayed for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against bacterial and fungal strains. All the compounds displayed promising results with the complexes being more potent than free ligands. The antioxidant activity of the compounds was determined by interaction with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical. Complex Ph2SnL3 (16) was found to have the most potential antimicrobial activity against all tested strains and also exhibited excellent antioxidant activity. Quantitative structure–activity relationship of compounds was studied for antimicrobial activity with molar refractivity indices as significant statistical parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hexacoordinated organosilicon complexes of type R3Si(L) (R = ethyl, butyl, phenyl; HL = ligand, obtained by the condensation of 4-aminoantipyrine with 2-hydroxyacetophenone, 2-hydroxybenzophenone, 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, and 2-hydroxynapthaldehyde) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, and spectroscopic studies (IR, 1H, 13C, and 29Si NMR). The spectroscopic studies indicated that the ligands acted as tridentate coordinating through azomethine nitrogen, carbonyl oxygen, and oxygen of hydroxyl after deprotonation to the central silicon atom. The ligands and their organosilicon complexes have been evaluated for antimicrobial activities against fungi (Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans), and against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis), and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). The aim of the present work is to synthesize novel eco-friendly fungicides and bactericides and to study the effect of the biological activity of ligands on the complexation with organosilicon moiety. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements to view the free supplemental file. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Schiff bases derived from the condensation of 2-aminobenzothiazole derivatives and 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde and their silicon(IV) complexes with the general formula R2Si(L)Cl (R = Et, Bu, Ph, L = 2-(2-hydroxy-3-methoxy) benzylideneaminobenzo-thiazole) have been synthesized. These complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, and spectroscopic studies including IR and NMR (1H, 13C, and 29Si) spectroscopy. The analytical data suggest trigonal bipyramidal geometry around the silicon atom in the resulting complexes. The ligands and their organosilicon complexes have also been evaluated for in vitro antimicrobial activity against bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Escherichia coli) and fungi (Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans). The complexes were found to be more potent as compared to the ligands. Supplemental materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements to view the free supplemental file. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This investigation aimed to assess the potential impact of frankincense oil (FKO) from Boswellia serrata on broiler chicken growth performance parameters, including body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) during the starter, grower, and finisher phases. We also evaluated the hepatic histology, serum hepatorenal function tests, antioxidant activity, and inflammatory responses. A total of 400 three-day-old male chicks (Ross 308 broiler) (100.40 ± 0.13 g) were randomly assigned to four treatment groups (10 replicates/group, ten chicks/replicate). The birds were fed basal diet (FKO0, control group) or basal diet supplemented with 200, 400, and 600 FKO/kg of diet (FKO200, FKO400, FKO600, respectively). The experiment lasted 35 days. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that FKO contained 36 constituents, with the dominant compounds being 1,6,10-DODECATRIEN-3-OL, 3,7,11-TRIMETHYL-, [S-(Z)]- (12.42%), ç-Elemene (12.42%), à-Farnesene (12.42%), PHENOL and 2,4-BIS(1,1-DIMETHYLETHYL)- (7.15%). Distinctive FKO levels (200-600 mg/kg) showed greater BW without influencing total feed intake compared to the FKO0 treatment. The FCR was improved by the addition of FKO to the diets. The blood concentrations of alanine aminotransferase and creatinine increased (p < 0.05) in the FKO600 treatment. Dietary FKO linearly lowered serum malondialdehyde levels and enhanced blood total antioxidant capacity, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukine-1 β and interferon γ) compared to the control group. Broilers fed FKO at levels 200–600 mg kg−1 diet also exhibited lower serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. Furthermore, the FKO400 and FKO600 treatments showed an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p < 0.01). Histomorphological analysis of the liver indicated no significant differences between the FKO-supplemented groups and the control group. However, the immunoexpression of the pro-inflammatory cytokine (transforming growth factor β) was considerably increased in the liver and spleen tissues of birds fed FKO in a level-dependent manner. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of FKO at levels up to 600 mg/kg can serve as a natural growth promoter in broiler chickens, leading to enhanced growth, hypolipidemic properties, antioxidant status, and immune responses. Dietary FKO up to 600 mg Kg−1 improved the growth performance of broiler chickens without affecting the total feed intake. FKO at levels 200–600 mg Kg −1 had no adverse effects on hepatic transaminases or renal parameters. FKO works as a hypolipidemic agent at all tested levels. Dietary FKO 200–600 boosted the antioxidant capacity. FKO addition boosted the inflammatory reactions in broiler chickens, as evidenced by higher serum levels of IL-1β and IFN-γ, and higher TGF-β immunoexpression in the liver and spleen tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marine fungi, one of the major decomposers of marine environment, is found to produce potential enzymes and novel biomolecules. The present study explored bioprospecting potentials such as antimicrobial, anticancer and enzymatic activities of marine sediment-derived fungi isolated from continental slope of Eastern Arabian Sea. Morphology and ITS sequencing identified the fungus as Penicillium sp. ArCSPf. The fungal strain exhibited amylase, gelatinase, phytase, lipase and pectinase activity. The active fraction obtained from the ethyl acetate extract column fractionation (F2) of fungus showed antibacterial activity against both methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Bacillus cereus. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of F2 were 125 μg/mL for MRSA and 62.5 μg/mL for B. cereus. The active fraction showed a significant anticancer activity (IC50 = 22.79 µg/mL) against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The secondary metabolite (Z)-Octadec-9-enamide (oleamide, m/z 282.27 (M + H+)] was identified in the LC-MS/MS analysis of active fraction F2 in positive ionisation mode. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on exploring the bioprospecting potential of a sediment-derived fungus from continental slope of eastern Arabian Sea for the production of therapeutically active compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]